Unit 1 The online world

By syeda Tuj Johra

10SCA

Lesson 1key internet terms

What is point of presence?
Point of presence is an access point to the internet. Normally it is a loca on which contains all of the hardware which allows internet users
access to the internet. An internet service provider (ISP) may operate
several PoPs in their area to allow good access to the internet.
What is network access point?
It is an interchange between networks within the internet. It allows
ISPs to interconnect with each other
What is internet protocol?
The protocol used to route packets of informa on across the internet.
An individual unit of data which is carried across a network, including
the internet. It is made up of a header which iden fies the packet and a
body which is the actual data message. It is one of the func ons of the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to organise an internet message
into packets.
What is transmission control protocol?
The protocol which takes data from a users applica on program and
passes it to the IP for transfer across the internet. The reverse operaon is performed at the des na on computer, i.e. the TCP reassembles
the data (from individual packets) and forwards them to the users applica on program. The close rela on with the IP means that the terms
are usually used in combina on, i.e. TCP/IP.

What is file transmission protocol?

FTP A standard protocol which allows fi les to be transferred between two computers on a TCP-based network. It is commonly
used to download programs to your computer from other servers
and to upload web pages that you have created to the server
that is hos ng them on the internet.
What is internet Service Provider

Lesson 2 internet infrastructure

Describe the role of a server?
A
server role is a set of so ware programs that, when they are installed
and properly configured, lets a computer perform a specific func on
for mul ple users or other computers within a network. Generally,
roles share the following characteris cs.
Describe what a client is?
deno ng a computer system in which a central server provides data to
a number of networked worksta ons.
Describe what a router does?
The most familiar type of routers are home and small
oce routers that simply pass data, such as web pages, email, IM,
and videos between the home computers and the Internet. An example of a router would be the owner's cable or DSL router, which connects to the Internet through an ISP.
Describe what is meant by the connec ng backbone?
The Internet, which is the ul mate wide area network, relies on a
backbone to carry data over long distances. The Internet backbone
consists of several ultra-high bandwidth connec ons that link together many dierent nodes around the world. These nodes route incoming data to smaller networks in the local region. The fewer "hops"
your data needs to make before reaching the backbone, the faster it
will get sent to the des na on. This is why many Web hosts and
ISPs have direct connec ons to the Internet backbone.

Lesson 3 worldwide Web 1

What is a hyperlink?
a link from a hypertext document to another loca on, ac vated
by clicking on a highlighted word or image.
What is a web server
it is the job of a web server to deliver webpages to useful
What is htm and html what's the dierence?
HTM is a file extension for HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
file format.
HTML is a computer language used to create web pages. You can
create HTML directly in the language itself or by using authoring
so ware (such as Adobe Dreamweaver or Microso Expression) which uses templates and wizards to create HTML code.
HTML fi les usually have a fi lename with .htm or.html as the fi le
extension; for example, document.htm.

Lesson 4 worldwide web 2

Explain how a search engine works?
Internet search engines are special sites on the Web that are designed to
help people find informa on stored on other sites. There are dierences
in the ways various search engines work, but they all perform three basic
tasks:
They search the Internet -- or select pieces of the Internet -- based on important words.
They keep an index of the words they find, and where they find them.
They allow users to look for words or combina ons of words found in that
index.
The Protocol

to request web pages

and download them

The domain name

A path name
Iden fies a par cular
loca on

Lesson 5- Email
What is an address book?
Within your email program, you can create a list of peoples contact details (e.g. name, email address, company name, phone numbers). This is
known as an address book.
What are a achments?
You can send a message and a ach files with it e.g. photos documents
spread sheets these files are know as a achments
What is meant by the term mul ple recipients?
You can send the same message to a number of people. You can copy
people in to the email using the cc (carbon copy) field. Recipients who are
entered in this field will be visible to everyone the email is sent to. If you
want to include a recipient on an email but you dont want other people
to see that the email has been sent to them then you add them into the
Bcc (blind carbon copy) field

Benefits and drawbacks of email

Lesson 6Data Exchange 1

UTP/STP
UTP means unshielded twisted pair. STP can mean any shielded twistedpair, the maximum data transfer rate is 250Mbps, the mximum range for
UTP/STP is 100m, the benefit of this is twis ng cancels out some interference and its very low cost also the there are limita ons such as can only be
used over short distances examples of how utp/stp is used are analogue
telephone network.
Coaxial
coaxial is a solid wire core separated from a copper braided outer cable by
a plas c insula on sheath the inner cable transmits the data and the outer
cable connects to earth ,The maximum data transfer rate for coaxial is
1,000 Mbps, the maximum range for coaxial is 100 m benefits of this is its
fast and reliable there are also limita ons to this such as it costs more
than UTP/STP examples of how coaxial Is used is connec on to cable TV
networks.
Fibre Op c
Fibre op c is a Glass or plas c cables which use total internal reflec on of
light to transmit data. Normally uses LED or laser visible light, although
infrared has also been used. The maximum data transfer rate is 2.4 Gbps
the maximum range for fibre op c is 50km the benefits of this is its fast
and reliable there are limita ons to this its complex connec on and termina on equipment examples of how it used is the cable networks use fibre
from their source to the distribu on panels in the street. From there they
use coaxial cable to individual households.
Infrared
Short range data transmissions using infrared light (just beyond visible
light). This is the same technology as is used in TV handsets. The maximum
data transfer rate is 4 Mbps. The maximum range for infrared is 100m ,
the benefits of infrared is that it tends to be reliable there are also limitaons the limita ons for infrared is that its short range examples of how it
is used is keyboards, printer, mouse to processor unit

Lesson 6Data Exchange 1

Microwave
Microwave is a short wavelength radio transmission working at very
high frequencies.
The maximum data transfer rate for microwave is 300GBPS.The maximum range for a microwave is 100M. The benefits of microwave as are
follows signal degrades very li le over long distance. There are also
limita ons to this the device must be in a direct line of sight. Examples
of how microwave is used are as follows earth to satellite communicaon and Bluetooth .
Satellite
Satellite is data transmi ed from earth to a satellite which relays it to
the relevant receiving sta on back on earth .The maximum data transfer rate for satellite is huge .The maximum range for a satellite between circa 500 km to 36,000 km .The benefits of satellite is can increase the distance a network can reach, There are also limita ons the
limita ons for satellite is that it is expensive.

Lesson 7Data Exchange 2

Simplex transmission
Sends data in one direc on only. A radio broadcast is a good example of
simplex transmission.

Lesson 8Data storage 1