1a)

Orora

Orora designs, manufactures, sells and recycles packaging materials like: brown corrugated
boxes, small packaging boxes called folding cartons, glass bottles & jars and metal and plastic
lids and caps for them, paper bags, aluminium cans for beer and soft drinks.
The company started as one paper mill in Melbourne, it was a factory on Yarra River.
The company started in 1868.
The company headquarters are still in Melbourne, 109 Burwood Road Hawthorn VIC 3122.
Orora has factories in Australia and United States of America.

http://www.ororagroup.com/about_us/Orora_facts.html
1b) Factor 1: Global Trade
Fast growth of global trade had a very significant imapct on Orora becoming a TNC. World
population is increasing and need more goods. It is often cheaper to import a finished product
then to build a factory to make that product. Orora had a number of factories in Australia so it
could offer their products at good prices. Because the goods transport has become quicker and
cheaper, international trade has opened new markets for Orora to buy raw materials from and to
sell finished products to. However, because some markets are so large, for example United
States of America has over 300 million people and Europe has over 700 million, it was logical for
Orora to open companies in those areas.
Factor 2: Cultural factors
Some markets are different from others. They may need different packaging materials, with
unusual letters (like Chinese), different colours etc. Also, some countries have cheaper labour.
These are the reasons why Orora opened a number of factories in Asia: China, Taiwan, Malaysia
and Singapore.