| ‘ —H G. Extraction A material dissolved in a Vguid phase is transferred t to a second phae fa this unit operation. The extracting i solvent should not be soluble in the liquid containing I the solute, otherwise, the transfer will be MeSective. § @ Extractin Extract guid —» t” | Extractor 7 | Fee 4 ° | Raftinate el Solution ! he Soybean % used for making textured veag table i protein containing, Is 7... by wt oil. Suppose that 300 Ibs | (08 sobent and Soubéan flakes are mixed thoroughly jand he solution” is drained. The Slakes are Still, fwet with the solution and the cil %n the colutfon is 2 Ws. Find the weight and dil composition of the colutfon. ® oF extract | ' Given: i Solvent , 300 \bs Wetrack 5 8 th oN — Lr (al): A To pure solvent | para ctor (puce solvent ) i Exhausted solid «—— #~ Soybean Flakes 4 C adhering Mquia ist by wt il with 2 Ibs of) and wh Oil- free pure solvent) solid 500 \bs (ol Fre solfds ) ,. st2. Required : a) weight of extract db) % Composition of oll in the solutfon Solution s | wefght te fuciont of ofl weight o5 pure soheat e [ extract in extract | * in extract ® O%I balance: | [ oil fn entering) = [a fn af J. ctrecams streams i (eeters of a + 2\bs = 0.02(300 lbs) + 0.15 (soo Vos) in extract weight of ofl _ aa Vos / ‘in extract + [Mas fraction of |_ Mass fraction of oll ON fn extract th adhering solutfon ¥ tas fraction) welgnt_of ott ot ofl wt. of solution let x- Vos of cohent in the extract Sraction of oil \ _ #9 fn extract w+ XxEquating ® and @: 14 2 44 4x 4 {0.98 (300)-x] X= 286.44 Ybs of solvent %n the extract fosigns of the) = fu of al) fut oF sob) 2 Since there is no solvent %n the Seed solution: babe of ofl tn | oe eee) | adhering solution 2+ (0.98(300)-x) 4 = 44 Vos + 286.74 lbs = $65.44 \bs of extract 'by Composition of the extract is equal to the composition o§ the adhering solution, From {ne extract: Component weight, Ibs % wr j oil #4 Nb | solvent 286.44 18.4 365-94 or: From the adhering solution: i Component weight, los Zo wt 4 oil 26 2 “solvent: 426 a atl 7 Tigt 28, _-f 2 Forty metric tons of SUAOr beets containing aah Water, 4o5 % pulp and 12.5% sugar are to be extracted with pure water. The resulting SAOAT solution is’ 17% sugar. 46.5% of the sugar in the beets ts recovered. if each ton of pulp retaing 9.5 tons of water, Sind the amount of water used and the resulting sugar solution. tn tons f Given: ' Water —> I— Extract f extractor | 9% sugar (46.5% of H the orig sol'n) exhausted | 8% Wo i pup a i sugar beets , 40 MT 28 ton WO 44% 20 ' \ ton pulp 40.5 % pulp 15 Jo sugar Required a) tons of water used bd tons of the resulting solutfon (extract i Solution. ¥ | MT= 2200 \bs = \o00 kg \ ton = 2000 \bs ( short ton) 2000MT = 21200 tons *\ MT= 1:1 ton let x - tons of the extract yY- tons of water usedEE { bd In the extract: a a q a4 _t { 4 ie | 24 OVFX = 0-465 (0.25 (40 mt) x 2200 tons 2000 MT X= 3122 tons of extract a) Water balance ; ¥ 4 0.49 (40 MT)(1aton’) = 0.83 (3122-400) 4 0.405 (40 mT)... VMT (adit Y= 44.48 tons of water used Problem : Naphthalene diamene ( NdA) 1s recovered from a 3.0% by wt aqua solution by extractfon with ethyl lether containing 1.25 % water, the remainder being ether. The ether extract % found to contain 15.2 % NdA , 3.64% tho | wt. For the Tecovery of 1000 \bs NdA, calculate:(a) Vos NAA solut on extracted and (b) Ibs of ether solution used or extraction. Ether Solin, A Ether Extract ,8 45% W0 81.13 J ether 98.45% ether 3.64 % WoO extractor \8-2 J NAA Aqueous soln 4 4.15 4 ether an NdA , 1000 \bs , 20 3% NAA cae “ ; 43% H20= a tt 30 H) Humification and dehu mi dification ¥ Humidification ~ addition of ‘condensavie gas]vapor to a noncondensable gas. 1 Dehumidifiation ~ reductfon of condensable gas} vapor from a non condensable gas The most common mixture ¥s air and water vapor. Applications are In ofr conditioning , refrigeration Aryfng of wet solids, water cooling etc. Most problems are solved easily by the use 0 “humidfty ' cheirts. Assumptfons: The Tdeal gas \aws apply to the gaseous mixture 2 The gaseous mixture may consist of an number of chemical compounds where only one these % condensable. u 3. Generally, operations ore stedy- state station Let H- absolute humidity or humidity ~ expressed ac. unit weight of cond. vapor unit weight of noncond gas example. os oF Ho \bs of dy gas P- total pressure Po- vapor pressure of condensable material Ma- molecular weight of any gas Mw- molecular weight of condensable materialW- weight cf condencable material A weight of Any ‘on concensable qas Puy - Partial pressure of condensable materia) Hs- catucatfon humia’ Wr - relative humidity Liquid fn, w, Gas and Gas and Vapoye out Vapor i‘ Ag, Wa AY Viquia out We For humidt feation: Ho 7 Wy Wid Ws For dehumidification : We We Wik Wo Formulas "GCE P- Po We = ferZy~ Wel cond gas at actual MP joy 7, Woof cond gas at dew poim ae # He We ( P- Po + AW= Me ( P- Po (5) (3%) AN huntidtttes” can We determined vy using the * humidity” charts provided the materials tne temperature and pressure are given. i 4 ‘ : | + Soturation Humidity , Ys oa ne Met of the amount of condensable gas » , Which can be contained in a noncondensable gas. The Ratt ic determined tne vapor pressur ( Po) oF the condensable gas which Is a function of the temperature and the total press ure. Anteine's Equation 7s useSul for Finding i the vapor pressure : r i log P= A ~ _B { T+? for water A= 8.07131 B= 130.63 C = 133.426 i T = temperature, “c Po = vapor pressure of water of mmig ¥Dew Point i ~ Yemperalure at which the condensable gas } vapor to Viquify or condense. temperature where A and j starts a ee cated, x Humid Volume ges ~ volume 0 the ary noncondensable.and its te accompanying condensable gas,+ Dry air has 0% humidity while saturated afr 33 as 10% Wumiatty y Wet-vulb temperature : ~ temperature taken from the vapor- aas mixture using a fermometer with a wik which 7s wet with the Mouid form of the condensable gas where heat ¥s dransfecred from the mixture *o vhe bulb. — ee + Dry- bulb temperature ~ actual Qas- vapor mixture temperature which could | be measured with a thermometer which 7s not Sitted x} With a wick. | “| The wet-bulb and dry- bulb temperature: are ‘unique properties of gas- vapor mixtures. More theories ejoF Ynts subject Fs dependent upon rate of heat and ~imass transfer. (falls outside the ccope of stoi chtome ty) Problem } Afr enters a humidifier at a0°F with x5 % relative i Wumidity, At the same time, 10 lbs of Hr0 enters the iMumidifier. The dir leaving the unit fs at \z0°r | i with 88 7%. relative humiolity. Solve the volumetric —— 'Slowrate of the oir entering fn $48] min. c oir "| o.o0as tbs N20 95 20 Yr \ and 30°F los Any air For dir € sei. We |; 0.043 _\bs Hoo Me and 170°F ul \os Any air[oe oyun |-| a0 bye WU) Jopom JBI ay anp svo 32459 burrva ayy fo fyrpwny ayy uvyy svat 54 J2UP 24, Huyrve, sub Jay uy, Fa Mypluny bu (aayua Gutaval i uy fo in| =( ap ‘up 50 in| Gutnva yo fup aut p yublam au, ay yng 51 buysaque ayo fup ayy go yybam ayy ha padowas Pane ay Guysoquryy _ a) oth 0 al (306 42,3309 ) ayo ayy ha dv uayoy , sayom go yubi2m ah aL wba sy qwlvyou yan UA WOss PAaui2s s2~VM Ga Ubi IE ou JO Survey 39 buy 32449 ———> § aay \us2you. pup «—— | {wrap (ee yom sub sauiwy vy Uno Guytug i | | i! | lej WMO to one Fe He thai Heainy crf the material vee cwel paper Ty dete Green The eying prerris bs Aree cuter current tr We Flow The aie enters wth re rho cons Wes we We db dry aie art teow “een we owe Ib ob Ary aie ain Ye cee eiler Of wet paper ir ve precewed, What + mwerate ob inkt ome maintaierd / in Vou hr must be Given: Leaving ate a Entering afr Coe 7 eee He 0.003 Sas| Ovger | H- 0.018 les 20 te Aa \o da go Dried ae Wet paper, tece \bi) ne papers x 15% WO 0.57% W10 85 Je Ary paper 94.5% Ary paper Required: Mass Slowrate of entering air fin \bs he Sdlution net Let x- IbsJhe & Avied paper CWr0 See) (amy) \ovo(o.8s) = ¥( 0.495) dried paper balance 354.24 Ws) ne A ; en et pane \: 0.15(\000) - 0.005( 954.29) o- = 149.93 Ibs | he a| | Se. * (ho removed ) «f( Macs of) Weaving air) ~(Wenering ote] (Mase wn? WIS (bd opp’ 0.007) Ibs H20 y fmass of anyatr) Yo da. [Masso of ary} = 6934.52 Ves Jr oir * For the entering air : B= 0.003 tbs Heo To d-g. then + 0. 003 \bg Hr 0 =3 1 Ibs dry oir = \.007 los wet dir There fore: Mass flowrate of Ibs dry adr . 1.007 ts wet ah = 693 al \ wetair | [fs air (wet afr) |= 8482 Bdryair Nb arate | = 6989.\0 Mos of wet. oir Wr Alternative golution: Let x- dried paper, y= entering ofir, 2 = leaving dic TMB. 100044 = X +2 +O H20. 0.15 (1000) + y ( 2.003 ) = o-b0s (x) + 2 ( v.08)» © | | | Dry paper: too0(-65) = 0.445 (x), X= 954.7% los /hr +O Solving 0,0, and @: Y= 6488.10 Yes wet afr ee ere3h Problems : 1. A Solid material with is % by weight water 's dried t0 + % by weight water. The entering air used ‘Is at a dry bulb temperature of \40°F ana a wet bully Lemperature of 40°F The oir \eaving the drier is saturated with water vapor at \10°F. ( Wow many pounds of water are removed trom oo Vos oF wet material fed to the drier? &) How many pounds of air are entering the . jarier per oo Ws of wet materfal ? *{) Now many pounds of oir are Neaving the drier .}per 100 Vos of wet material ? (4) What ‘is the volume of oir entering the drier? entering, Ors Note: @ Tab= \30°F and Twb = 90°F , W= 0.0\2 Vos tO \eaving ofr: Vos Aa _satwraked ot 10°F, W= 0.0815 Ys Iho