3-1
co) Ik Ch. 3 LZners Bands au L Charoe Carpier.
| n Semiconductors _
Lg Covrier centrations (Frem DOS amd BD statistics)
Ul ra mobility seat Lorine ——
Et ective mass CS
i
rng eee Sent andustons
EA diegra :
+ Blech thaarem ff ta)= ek, 6 x =i).
= tt
iTChopter 3
Band pop energy (€V)
AL,Ga,,A8
a4 06
Aluminum fraction, x
o
Figure 3-6
Variation of direct and indirect conduction bands in AIGoASs as a function of composition: () the (EK)
diagrom for GoAs, showing three minima in the conduction band; (b) AlAs band diagram; {e) positions
ofthe three conduction bond minima in Al,Ga; As es x varies over the range of compositions from
GaAs (x = 0} to AlAs [x= I). The smalls band gap, E, (shown in color, fllows the direct I band to
x= 0.38, and then follows the indirect X band.43-27
Pt LPR 30j
C821).
CF 32.
ee
Centred Bu ation
Bard Gee a
Depending on the mateial, Lee) eaand Lie
difterent->- Banda —p~ cs clifterent
Here coped fin CAbtevec x) |
ifferent Ue
2 difierent and gaps :ay
fe. At_Pinite Tesep.
/
| 2 FHP in pure Si at room feup.i @10!? EtPZems
——} * ST nln dip + 4 mien
1 —| |.*A rigoreus._derivetion reguines gutentum wechantsl
| considziatias ae357
L EXCLUDING SPN) momentum) | and mis the band index)
i RANGE OF QUANTUM | Kruns through all of k- | For each n, Kruns through all wave
Table 12.1
COMPARISON OF SOMMERFELD AND BLOCH ONE-ELECTRON EQUILIBRIUM
LEVELS —
SOMDMERFELD BLocH :
QUANTUM NUMBERS| (fk isthe ‘Km Uk is the crystal momentum
ae ee aes Space consent withthe | vectors ale pit cello the
j Bors-von Kaman | reirocal ate consistent Wit
i periodic boundary | Born-von Raman periodic boundary —
condition. condition; m runs through an infinite
i ssrotdlsrte vas,
‘ENERGY, | wie For a given band index n, 6,(k) has no
— | SR =Se- | simple explist form. The only general | ——~
Property pid in he ipo
kei —
80k +1) = 5,08,
vezocrry | Themean velocity ofan | The mean velocity ofan econ ine
elocron neve! with | Jee ith bad index nnd wave
; | wave vse ki vectors
| 126) pe
| = Fe
— ARDS Z Gy yo pl
‘WAVE FuNcTiON | The wave function ofan_| The wave function of an electron with
tlectron with wave vector | band index and wave vector kis:
ao Lee ae Walt) = €* 'ealt)
yee) = 222, | where the function has 0 simple
ve explicit fom. The only general property
is periodicity in the direct lace:
alt +B) =
The tauin. problen + 75 descothe “the motion oP Blech electrons
bet tween_cobdicie
LCi ep—
Tae = feed) 012.3) Askentt £ Henin
AG xOF ie =a pak Cee| cep
the wave wectar ts —torll defined onthe seed.
Bly ee BtMon
2ene ,
_ | Figure 121
Schematic view of the situation
described by the semiclassical
‘model. The length over which the =
applied field (Gashed line) varies is
‘much greater than the spread in
the wave packet of the electron
(oli line), which im turn is much
largec than the lattice constant,
: | Gwen ElB), che semiclassical msdel_associates with
| each electra a position ity a waveuecter B, anda
CO eer—‘“‘—O——r—C—CE™
| NoZaterhand Cransittons.
2. Time evolution of F and E oe
page ety
BORE.
ee eeaes
Fratton = yb) = 7 33
ene LEG at2 Ea) feet) cosy
— 3. Aa electron with a, fp, E_ts_ exactly the same
__ i OS an electron with ot, bt where Ris
— -—aity recip kecel lattice vector =
eu, abl distinct wave. vectors dor a single band
i ina sing| prlimitiv _cebl of th ietipreial
Aattion a
C2 a)J
_ ——|--— _ sn ent | forces
gs. eamicdasstind “Motion Ten than. Applied Dam Electne Fidld,>. >
Oe Brin a|
| 42-87
Figure 12.4
+ afb) and ofk) vs. & (or ve,
time, via Eq, (12.17)) im one
dimension (or three dimen-
sions, in s direction parallel
to a reciprocal lattice vector
that determines one of the
first-zone faces)
i etn ee a
Holes. eee rw Se
poe hy Eleations prone ee AR abot EB contethute
ee PR) dB oto the current desstg —
a given hand te
2 | ajdt = g
Vieng BaeFacet gay |
H oteapied| i
i =e) Bera.
it ee —enaceupied $<
| Even though the ondy charge camiens ave ebectrons
we may, TE convenient, consider the currentte be carried
— enfin, by “fictitions particles of positive charge
— that frth_all_ unoccupied. Sevels, The Fictitious pactiles
pane cabled *hebes”.
- Le You should. tale one“ et the Con desenipllen gn -
a is Curent cartied. 2 -ebectrons. accupling the bevels.
OR. de Current carried by holes taking the ~ncccupted
2h whe bevels = eae they, are
th evolve in time Following che "epatien of met
Cl
Figure 125
Schematic illustration of the time evolution
of orbits in semiclassical paase space (here
rand k are each indicated by a single co-
ordinate. The occupied region at time 7 is
— determined by the orbits that lie in the
ocupied region at time r= 0.ssaeeeee
\ . : Ui 3 “t
do rae de 28 Es ax [in DIS Rae
2a: 8 = 2amamrd
[Effective Mass Tensor >
ft z4 22h) +3
| Fipora, :
=e piles Chor bind
25 elec trois ee “baw
Hl ta dE = tet — a
_ Si. of the bend energy ECR) a Its. MOL mbna at =
CE) BCT 4b 2 ity
int, _ -| <->
C12. bb)
ChE = el Pe ye Dare
-yaacton ot RT
Rg extemal farce
*a fina hole
+e} ee pape zn) oh cs 327}
CCE te a@xF FY (Eb a