Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
! #"%$"'&)(+*#,.-#/
0 #1324#56-#/#78:9.9.9
; <.=?>A@BDC)E)FG>3HIB=
LJ KNMPORQNSUTWVYXZMPVT\[VI]W^NSUO`_T\M aDOXZ]DaDT\bW_cXZKN_dOeXZ^gf:_h#XRijT\akM [ MPT\SRlM XZKmXZKN_?VI]WhgVI_Q:XUORT\hgf
XZ_SZakM hN]W[ ]WnWoD]\iAXZKN_p#^N_^NM hNnkXZKN_]WSZoWq
r ^NSkak_IXZKN]:fsMPOdtgTWO`_%fs]WhuTvnWSUT\QNKNMPV'O`M a?^N[PTwXZM ]WhxG^gO`M hNnyTyz#T4{wTvT\QNQN[ _IXklKNMPVUK
T\[ [ ]wlRO^gOXZ]|SZ_QNSZ]:f:^gVI_?XZKN_Dak]:f:_[
]WQ!_SUTwXZM ]WhvlM XZKvXZKN_DQgT\SUT\ak_IXZ_SUOnWM {W_hvt}omXZKN_
^gO`_S%q
JLKN_T\QNQN[ _IXVI]WhgO`MPOeXUO~]\i3XZKNSZ__clM hgf:]wlRO
T\SUT\ak_IXZ_SUO
XUTwXZMPOeXZMPVO
M a?^N[PTwXZM ]Wh
` |N
:g6u`RA
N]W^NSVUKN]WMPVI_%OGT\SZ_nWM {W_hDTwXGXZKN_XZ]WQD]\i.XZKN_R_h#XZSZodQgT\hN_[+xWlKNMPVUKDlM [ [NNdXZKN_ak]:f:_[Ni]WS
XZKN_O`M a?^N[PTwXZM hNnDQNSZ]WnWSUT\a|qGJLKN_TWVYXZM {wTwXZ_%f|VUKN]WMPVI_clM [ [3f:_IXZ_SZakM hN_cXZKN_hgTwXZ^NSZ_c]\i
VT\[ [
nW_hN_SUTwXZM ]WhmT\hgf)XZKN_dO`o:OeXZ_aO`_SZ{}MPVI_'kgk!dxk:!dxgk!dx:!YqJLKN_
ak]:f:_[AVT\h)t!_T\[ XZ_SZ_%f)TwXT\h}oDnWM {W_h'XZM ak_t}o)O`M akQN[ o)TWVYXZM {wTwXZM hNndXZKN_f:_%O`M SZ_%f)VUKN]WMPVI_
lM XZK)XZKN_VI]WakQN^:XZ_S% OLak]W^gO`_Wq
!#"%$&
('(*)
!#"%$&
('(*)
., -0/
132*46587:9<;%2:=?>A@B2*>8C&=D@
EGF%HJIGK3H L#M(NKOF#PQISRTF%UTVWVYX#PU*RIWZ
[]\_^&`3a H bdc%eJPRTH NQLfNg.I*VWUThQVWUi(jkc%VWc%VYPL#Me NkI:R&lWPe e0m.n_R&UTVWX%UTVI*VWLkRISK3F#PR&HJI3H LRTF%V
I*o(I:RTVWbpPRqVPQlFsrQH hQVWLsRTH bVQiDH0m VQm itK3F%HJlFlWPe eJIuPUTVH LvNQXwVWUPRTH NQLtitK3F%HJlFvNQL%VI
PUTVuKGPH RTH L%r#i%PL#MxK3F%HJlFfHJISRTF%VYeJPQI:R3e NkI:R&lWPe e0m
[]\_yq`?a H bdc%eJPRTH NQLzNgRTF%VI*VWUThQVWU.N(lWlc%X#PRTH NQLtm
n_R?HJISPqITlUTVWVWL{M(H hHJM(VM{H L{RTVWL{RTH bV
c%L%H RIWi(K3F%HJlFzUTVWX%UTVI*VWLkRI.RTF%VuI*VWUThQVWUF%HJI:RTNQUToQiI*XwVlH |wlWPe e oK3F#PRGF#PX%XwVWL#I?H LxH RI
lH Ulc%H RIWm
[]\}`8a H bdc%eJPRTH NQLfNg<RTF%VdI*o(I:RTVWb~rQe NQ#PeN(lWlc%X#PRTH NQLtmn_R8HJI&P{ITlUTVWVWLfM(H hHJM(VMfH L
RTVWLRTH bV&c%L%H RIWikK3F%HJlFUTVWX%UTVI*VWLkRI<RTF%V8I*o(I:RTVWbrQe NQ#Pe(N(lWlc%X#PRTH NQL \ I*VWUThQVWU.X%e c#I
jkc%VWc%V ` mEGF%VI*VWUThQVWU&N(lWlc%X#PRTH NQLHJI&X%HJlRTc%UTVMH Ls%e c%VQiPL#MfRTF%Vjkc%VWc%VdH LUTVMm
EGF%VYVI:RTH b{PRTVMxX%UTNQ#P%H e H RTH VISgNQU3VPQlFfI:RPRTVuNgDRTF%VqI*o(I:RTVWbARTN{N(lWlc%U&PUTVuPeJI*N
hHJI*c#Pe H WVM \T I:RPRTVRTNxI:RPRTV ` m
v YpSqSGx<
!#"%$&
('(*)
!#"%$&
('(*)
, -/, 0214365%3*7&8:9<;>=&?A@
.
B6CDFE%GIH.JK DFK C%LNMO(P(GRQ/STH>E%GRCUJNVRJQ QWJXFXFK YK C%LZDFO[DFE%G\*](\^DFGRM_P(OG\C%OD`#C#PaXFG\*Ocb%XVG\
JYJK QdJe%Q GcSK D&H>K Q QfH.JK D>b%CTDFK QAJgXFG\*Ocb%XVGKd\.XFGRQ GJc\*GPih
B6C\*b#VEJjVRJc\*GcSTDFE%GMGJc\*b%XFK C%Ljk#JXJMGDFGRXlOmfDFE%GZ\*GRXFYK C%LgVRJk#JcVK D^]Kd\lDFE%GZP(GRQdJ]
k%XFOce#Je%K Q K D^]Un/oZpZqSDFE#JDKd\RSDFE%G>k%XFOce#Je%K Q K D^]ZDFE#JDlJZVRJQ Q%JXFXFK YK C%L&DFODFE%G&\*](\^DFGRMrMjb#\^D
H.JK DS(eWGVRJb#\*GDFE%GRXFG[JXFGZC%OgmXFGRG[XFG\*Ocb%XVG\Rh
s C%ODFE%GRXZK CTDFGRXFG\^DFK C%Ltk#JXJMGDFGRXIKd\&DFE%GJYcGRXJLcGZDFK MGjDFE#JD[JVRJQ QuMjb#\^DZH.JK DK C
bv %GRb%GZeWGmOcXFGZeWGRK C%LU\*GRXFYcGPwnxzyZqh
{%OcX|Jj\*](\^DFGRM:DFOjeWGP(K MGRC#\*K OcC%GPiSH|G&H>K Q QVRJQdVb%QdJDFG>DFE%GC%GVG\F\FJXF]jXFG\*Ocb%XVG\uDFO
mb%Q `#QAJC]UOmADFE%G[k%XFGRYK Ocb#\.k#JXJMGDFGRX\Rh
} h.~E%KdVEKd\IDFE%GaP(GRQdJ]k%XFOce#Je%K Q K D^]n/oZpZqIK CJVK XVb%K DN\*](\^DFGRMOmDFE%GgmOcQ Q OH>K C%L
k%KdVDFb%XFGzJcGJCUG\^DFK MaJDFK OcCUe#Jc\*GPaOcCaDFE%GK C(mOcXFMaJDFK OcCaLcK YcGRCfh4&ODFKdVG&DFE#JD
K D[H>K Q Q4eWGjDFE%G v b%ODFK GRCTDZeWGD^H|GRGRCwCb%MjeWGRXZOm.P(GRQdJ]cGPk#JcVJLcG\IJC#PzCb%MjeWGRX
OmuDFODJQik#JcVJLcG\Rh
h.~E%KdVEKd\[DFE%GJYcGRXJLcGjDFK MGUmOcXgJzVRJQ QDFOzH.JK DjK C v b%GRb%GUb%CTDFK Q|K DgKd\j\*GRXFYcGPiS
JcVRVOcXP(K C%LDFOzDFE%GK C(mOcXFMaJDFK OcCLcK YcGRCWOcbMjb#\^DVRJQdVb%QdJDFGUDFE%GJYcGRXJLcGOm
H.JK DFK C%LgDFK MG\>K C v b%GRb%Gch
, -/ g%1u8?A7&?f%14@a;l7I?f&5%
.
YcGRCDFE%Ocb%LcEzH|GjJXFGgVOcC#\*KdP(GRXFK C%LDFE%GgQ OT\F\&MO(P(GRQuK CDFE%Gj`#X\^Dk%QdJcVGcS#DFE%GVOcC#VGRk(D\
C%OHP(G`#C%GPJXFGZJQd\*OaJk%k%Q KdVRJe%Q GDFOgDFE%G[H.JK DFK C%LMO(P(GRQ/h
.E%GaK CTDFGRC#\*K D^]wOm.K C#\^DJCTD[DFXJC#\*MK D*DFGPwDFXJUVSAOcXN\*K Mk%Q ]cSuK C#\^DJCTD[DFXJC#\*MK D*DFGP
DFXJUVS#a S(Kd\>P(G`#C%GPJc\|DFE%G[Cb%MjeWGRX>Om
e%b#\*]tVK XVb%K D\|DFE%XFOcb%LcE%Ocb(D.DFK MGch
B6CVRJc\*GZOm
JVK XVb%K DS#\*b#VEtmb%C#VDFK OcCVOcb%QdPeWGNJc\lmOcQ Q OH&\R
.E%GYcOcQ b%MGgOmDFXJC%MK D*DFGPzDFXJUVn/#!^qIOm|JVK XVb%K D[Kd\ZP(G`#C%GPJc\IDFE%Ga\*b%MOm
DFK MG\.DFE#JD>K D&Kd\>e%b#\*]tP(b%XFK C%LaJCOce#\*GRXFYJDFK OcCUDFK MG[AFh4B6CDFE%G[G%JMk%Q GcS##!\Rh
Bm
H|GZE#JYcGwVK XVb%K D\RSDFE%GZmb%C#VDFK OcCza NVOcb%QdPeWGNJc\|mOcQ Q OH&\R
s C#Pw#!FSWK CDFE%Kd\IVRJc\*GcS%H|Ocb%QdPeWG[DFE%Gj\*b%MOm
DFK MG\>DFE#JD&DFE%GR]JXFG[e%b#\*]P(b%XFK C%L
JCOce#\*GRXFYJDFK OcCUDFK MG[AFh4B6CtDFE%G[G%JMk%Q GcSW#!4\Rh
GRC%GRXJQ Q ]t\*kWGJK C%L#SmOcXaVK XVb%K D\R
!#"%$&
('(*)
,#-!-.0/(1243#576!8:9<;=8
>=?A@CB%DFEHG4I JLKM%N#OP:Q R=NSRK
THOQ UOM%Q P&V*W(VXP:DZY[B#T=V\P:B%DLKR=] ] R^AQ N%_HV*B#T`aD=b
!#"%$&
('(*)
9sP;4:|2*9;9wCHD#4C>
hj
:#6>RI70 n79;:eCHD%95L
47PCwCHD#4C>:%<Cp4= =CHD%9<9;GH96eCHG4cdPs032w2*9;GHn796>vo96(9#:%95CHD%9
= <f2yC/CHG4cdPa-/g>#472oCHD%9p<9;GH96dCHG4cdPCHD#4C&032U:%<CUX#472H2*96{<7:RQ
hm hh&h
u C&8O4t{4=32*<5@q9s2*9;9;:|0 :CHD%9wL<7= = <vU0 :%I58O4:%:%9;Gz
!#"%$&
('(*)
,#- ,
,#3
.0/ .21 .
465%798:7 ,#-<;>=@? 5%7A8B ? 7CDFE9BG G = B8:8 ; H; I%JK? C ? 5%7 =*L(=M? 79N ? 5#B ? B8:7OG C =M?P
Q ?&;>=@? 8:R%7 ? 5#B ?SUT6VWXTYW&WZP[ 5%7E\ ; ?P
] G G ? 5%7 = 7AEC I E79^ ?= E9B I BG = CK_`7ZB^%^%G ; 7a ? C ? 5%7Ob@B ; ?:; I%J NC(a(79G Pc 5%7 H dC G R%N7CD
? 8B I#= N ; ?*? 7a ? 8BefEhgji 3!3Mk CDBfE ; 8ER ; ? b ; G G<_`7 ? 5%7 = R%NlR%^mCDBG G ?:; N7 =&; I n
b 5 ; E5 ; ?
;>= _%R =*Ldo a(R%8 ; I%J B I Cd_ = 798 H B ?:; C Ip?:; N7 W<q:r@P Q Ih? 5%7 =*; NKR%G>B ? Cd8 od; ? ECd8:8:7 = ^`C I a
= ? C ? 5%7
DR I E ?:; C I a(8Bb Is; I _%G R%7 P
=9P
Q I? 5%7A7t%BN^%G 7 o i 3!3
] = _`7DCd8:7 o bn5#B ?@; Ix? 79/6
8:7 =Mu%?v = w R =y;>=z? 5%7O8:79G>B ?:; C I#= 5 ; ^s_`7 ? by797 I i 3!3 B I a W<q:ro%=*; I E7 ; ?
? 79G G = R =@? 5%7AC(E9ER%^#B ?:; C I ^`798E7 Ix? B J 7CD ? 5%7ZE ; 8ER ; ?P
Q Ix? 7 I#=*; ?ML CD ? 8B I#= N ; ?*? 7a ? 8BefE o Cd8 =*; N^%G Ldo{? 8B I#= N ; ?*? 7a ? 8 BefE o g |@| ko<;>= a(7}
~ I 7aB =y? 5%7AxR%C ?:; 7 Ix? _`7 ? by797 I i 3!3 B I a W<q:rP
i 3!3
W
<
/ q:r
Q Ix? R ; ?:; H 79G Ldo; I Bf^%R%8:7Kb@B ; ?:; I%J NC(a(79G o BG G
E9BG G =&? 5#B ? B8:8 ; H 7 ? C ? 5%7 =*L(=M? 79N0b ; G G
_`7 = 798 H 7a = CC I 798@Cd8@G>B ? 798 o? 5%7AC I G L a ;>= Bda H B Ix? B J 7_`7 ; I%Jp? 5#B ?o _`7DCd8:7 ? 5%7 L E9B I _`7
= 798 H 7a o NhB L _`7 ? 5%7 L b ; G G5#B H 7 ? CxR%79R%7 Pc 5#B ?;>= bn5 Ldo DCdG G Cb ; I%Js= R#E58:7B = C I%; I%J#o
? 5%798:7hb ; G Gz_`7 I CmG C =M?A? 8BefEg ? 5%798:7sB8:7 I CE9BG G = G C =M?k B I a o? 5%798:7DCd8:7 o? 5%7 ? 8B I#= }
N ; ?*? 7a ? 8BefEnb ; G G#_`7 ? 5%7 = BN7B =F? 5%7&C798:7a ? 8BefEZg ? 5 ;>= b ; G G#_`7NhB ? 5%79NhB ?:; E9BG G L
H 798 ; ~ 7ah_`79G Cb kP 465%798:7B =9o BK^#B8 ? CD ? 5%7AE9BG G = B8:8 ; H; I%JZ? C ? 5%7 =*L(=M? 79Nb ; G G{5#B H 7 ? C
xR%79R%7 o,do B I a ? 5 ;>= b ; G G ? B\d7ZR =n? CsE9BG>ER%G>B ? 7KBfa(79G>B L 7a ? 8BefE o bn5 ; E5 ;>= B I C ? 5%798
^#B8BN7 ? 798@CD ? 5%7 = 798 H; I%J E9B^#BdE ; ?MLdP
47&5#B H 7 = 797 Ip? 5#B ?? 5%7xR%79R ; I%JK=*L(=M? 79Nby7&B8:7 =M? R#a L; I%J 5#B =
? 5%8:797&^#B8BN7 ? 798 =
? 5#B ? B8:7KE5#B8BdE ? 798 ;>=M?:; E ,o . B I a6 P Cd8:79C H 798 o by7Z5#B H 7Za(7 ~ I 7amB = 798 ; 7 = CDzEC I }
E79^ ?=? 5#B ? b ; G G(5%79G ^hR =? CAN7B = R%8:7 ; ?od; I Cd8a(798 ? CA8:79G>B ? 7 ; ?F? C ? 5%7 = 798 H; I%J E9B^#BdE ; ?MLdP
47NKR =M?nI Cb68:79G>B ? 7 ? 5%7 = 7OEC I E79^ ?=z? C ? 5%7^#B8BN7 ? 798 = B I a ? 5%7 = 798 H; I%J E9B^#BdE ; ?MLdP
] G G ? 5%7 = 7 =*L(=M? 79N = B8:7&E5#B8BdE ? 798 ; 7aK_ L B = 798 ; 7 = CD =M? B ? 7 =9o bn5 ; E5 I Cd8:NhBG G L a(79^`7 I a
C I? 5%7 I R%NK_`798CDzE9BG G =&; I? 5%7 =*L(=M? 79N P&c 5R =9o=M? B ? 7ECd8:8:7 = ^`C I a =@? C ? 5%7K79N^ ?ML
=*L(=M? 79N o=M? B ? 7 ? C ? 5%7KC I 7}E9BG G =*L(=M? 79N o=M? B ? 7f ? C ? 5%7 ? byC}E9BG G =&=*L(=M? 79N o B I a = C
DCd8 P
QD ? 5%7sC(E9ER%8:8:7 I E7^%8:Cd_#B_ ; G ; ?ML CDnB IL=M? B ? 7fCD ? 5%7 =*L(=M? 79N ;>= \ I Cb I g = 797sB^(}
^`7 I a ; t ko? 5%7 I by7fE9B I E9BG>ER%G>B ? 7hB IL CD ; ?= ^#B8BN7 ? 798 = g|@|{@|{@< P P P kP Q I? 5%7
=*; NKR%G>B ? Cd8 o by7b ; G GE9BG>ER%G>B ? 7 ? 5%7C(E9ER%8:8:7 I E7^%8:Cd_#B_ ; G ; ?ML CD#B IL=M? B ? 7zCD ? 5%7 =*L(=M? 79N o
? 5%7 I by7@b ; G G%_`7nB_%G 7 ? CONhB\d7nB I B^%^%8:Ct ; NhB ? 7y7 =M?:; NhB ?:; C I CDB IL CD ; ?= ^#B8BN7 ? 798 =
g|@|{F|{
< P P P kP
W&W
!#"%$&
('(*)
,
-/.1020435.768:90
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,+
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
,(-/.10&23465728 898 :;01<=?>A@4%=CBD2EGF3%:<HFI:JD<H@%FK8 :;0H0ML%NH:GO#2O%P 8 P <14<H@#2<&PQ0/:GO(<2P 3%FR9ST:U4G:GVW<H@%P 3%E6<H@#2<&P <&XGP YGF0/23?2G575F7L(<2O%8 FK0*F7NHYPQ5F=
Z 2;[C\]:GV%8QR^4G:GV_XGP YGF62?Y28 V%FJ:GNU`Iab0*:c2G0I<H:CdU2EGF60*V%NHF<H@#2<e3%:c5728 8Q0f2NHF
8 :;01<=?>A@4%=
Z Og[C\]:GV%8QR_4G:GV^XGP YGF62CY28 V%FJ:GNch
a
0*:c2G0I<H:cdU2EGFU0*V%NHFU<H@#2<e3%:c5728 8Q0f2NHF
8 :;01<=
Z 5[W>^F?0*F7F6<H@#2<e<H@%F8 :;0H0eL%NH:GO#2O%P 8 P <14_5723iOgFXGN2GR(V#28 8 4_R(P dP 3%PQ0*@%FRijkP <H@
2Cd:G3%F<2NH4_5:;01<-lB/@%F7NHF2NHFU<1jM:l2G0*LgF5<0K<H:lOgF6<2EGF73P 3;<H:^2G575:GV%3;<m
jkP <H@2Wn%o(FR^d:G3%F<2NH4c5:;01<abjMF@#2YGFU2XGP YGF73_0*F7NHYPQ5FGap23#Rl<H:?:GO(<2P 3
23^2G575F7L(<2O%8 F0*F7NHYPQ5FGajMFqjkP 8 8r@#2YGFq2XGP YGF73l5:;01<-f>A@%F73^P <f5:GdF0T<H:
<H@%FR(F0H0*P XG3pa
dU24OgFWP <qjkP 8 8MOgF3%F5F0H0H2NH4c<H:cn%oi2CL#2N2dF<HF7Na
23#R_<H:
5728Q5V%8Q2<HFK23%:<H@%F7N/:G3%FGs -/>^Fq0*F7FfP 3;<HV%P <HP YGF78 4W<H@#2<aP JrjMFfP 3#5NHF2G0*F`Ia#jMFfjkP 8 8bP 3#5NHF2G0*FI<H@%FeL%NH:GO#2O%P 8 P <14
:J8 :;0H0*F07-utP deV%8Q2<HF?2_vkw#xw9yw9yAjkP <H@z`|{}yaM23#R<2EGF3%:<HF:J&<H@%F?8 :;0H0
L%NH:GO#2O%P 8 P <14G-
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
- .0/
1325462879287;:=<5>&?A@
B/C%DFEHGI(J(KML0NOG8POJ(K5Q%RIS/TVUD WUQ%D XEMNOPY#J[Z5D X\C8Y%I^]_Q%KMQ%K^`aVbdcfeN_DFEUC#PWPOUX\KMW\D gMKJ
hi WPY#J(IOGjPW\W\D kPLFEPY#JlP^J(KX\KMW\GD Y%DFEmX\DFUE*KMW\kDFUKOnOD0o KOo N_X\C%KPW\W\D kPLFEHI(UMUQ%WpKPOUCrqstuN
IOYvPkOKMWPwOKONPY#JxKPOUCvUMPL LXPyOKE/Kz%POUX\L i qs{|X\I h K^E*KMW\kOKJ}o
+Oo&~D G9Q%LFPX\K^Px(5}}rGI(J(KML0N%Z5D X\Cb=cO!opHKMW\D S i X\C#PXN%IOYvPkOKMWPwOKON_KPOUC
E*KUIOY#J%E&X\C%KMW\K9DFEPxUMPL L
PW\W\D kD Y%w`
E*IOGKX\D GKEGIOW\KON}E*IOGKX\D GKEL KE\EeN}PY#J
X\C#PX&D X5XPyOKE/Kz%POUX\L i |E*KUIOY#JlX\I8E*KMW\kOKD Xo
!#"%$&
('(*)
+-,
. /1
0
2435243768376:9<;5=&>@?
A0B%CEDGFH(I(J-KMLNF7ONI(J5P%QHR0SUTC VTP%C WD-LNOX#IZY5C W[B7X%H]\^P%J-P%J]_`UacbedL^CEDTB#OVONTW[J-V[C f-JI
gh B#OiC X%jVOX#I(HNF4OV[V[C iOKED-LkOX#IlOVOX#I(HNF4D*J-V[iCETJNmnCMo JNo LkW[B%J7OV[V[C iOKEDpH(T-TP%VqJONTB
rst D*JTHNX#I%D-LHNXuOiNJ-VOjNJNLGOX#IvJONTBuT-OK KwWOxNJD rsy D*JTHNX#I%D-LHNXuOiNJ-VOjNJNLzW[H g J
D*J-V[iNJIko
+No&{C F8P%KEOW[JpO|}#|}k~}k~FH(I(J-KML^Y5C W[B<abN!oGGJ-V[C R h W[B#OWwO]T-OK K#OV[V[C iNJD
JONTB
D*JTHNX#I%D-LHNX7OiNJ-VOjNJ_
D*HNFJW[C FJDGFHNV[JNL^D*HNFJW[C FJD
K JD[DdL^OX#I8W[B#OWC WGWOxNJD
~D*JTHNX#IkL(HNXOiNJ-VOjNJNLNW[H g J]D*J-V[iNJIl_
D*HNFJW[C FJD5FHNV[JNL(D*HNFJW[C FJD5K JD[Ddo
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
dfe=ghigjkmlonMpqNrs
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
-
.0/21&354657%48354:9;.65< =?>#@*7%< A#@2A%354:B< =?C#@*9 DFE:.9;EC%9;.654G@H65< 9 9I657%4J@5.K4L
#M NPO 6QR=?C%9;G@*4:4:KS657#.6TQR4UG(=8>%=6Q2.>06
65=84V%E4:4GXWZY\[ N^] 46_ @G(=`< 6 Na < KbC%9;.654
657%4bcUd(cUdI[defK=(G(4:9hg%QU< 657iWjYk[?l mn N
-
.0/poq7#.6FG(=rD?=?Cs@*4:4t< >u657%4f@*< KbC%9;.65< =?>vLwoq7%4:354xG(=4@p657%4x@*D(@H654:Kzyv4E=?K4
H@ 6.y%9 4L O >fD?=?C%3{=?A%< >%< =?>|gvQU7%<;E7fQR=?C%9;Gxyv4J657%4pA%35=?y#.y%< 9 < 65< 4@&=}T@H6.654b.}!654:3`.F9 =?>%~
QU7%< 9 4L
-yv/`&=Q8gIQU7#.68Av4:3E4:>06.~?4p=}T65< K4<;@657%4XE< 3EC%< 68y%C#@*D%L O @`< 6J.>=B?4:3G(< K4:>(
@*< =?>%4Gr@*D(@H654:KFLj{=4@8657%<;@b@*D(@H654:K7#.B?4F.>.?E:E4:A(6.y%9 4@*4:35B<;E4L&=QjE:.>r< 6pyv4
< KA%35=B?4GF< >x.@*< KA%9 48KX.>%>%4:3L
N\ .Dyv4?gR657%4i@*=?9 C(65< =?>qE=?C%9;Gsyv4x65=u.?G%Gs=?>%4fE< 3EC%< 6K=?354 N\a < KbC%9;.654x657%4
cUd(cUdvmdI[?iK=(G(4:9hgvQU< 657rWYj[?l mn N oq7#.6{Av4:3E4:>06.~?48=}^65< K4b<;@p[iE< 3EC%< 6{y%C#@*D%L
1&>#GxQU7#.6{Av4:3E4:>06.~?4J=}
65< K4p.354FmrE< 3EC%< 6@&y%C#@*D%LU4:9;.6548657%4@*4865=F657%4bA%35=?y#.
y%< 9 < 65< 4@U=}
@H6.654 N
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
-
./103245.6%452798;:<79=%8?>;@9879A5.?24 4 BC2D#ECFBCG*A HI6%45279A >;DJ:<79=%8K4 >LG9GNM%@9>;F#2F%A 4 A 7OBP2D#E
79=%8E(8?452BM%@9>;F#2F%A 4 A 7OB;:2;GRQ38?4 4
2;G&79=%8S2T;8?@2U;8VQW2A 79A D%UK79A H8S>;DCXL6%8?6%8;Y
Z @9879=%8?BG*A HA 452@[\]=#27R.>;D#.4 6#G*A >;D^.?2DB;>;6^E(@2QR[
_ YR0`>;D#G*A5E(8?@&2D%>79=%8?@a.?2;G*8;YbA HI6%452798c2edf#df<gfihjH>(E(8?4JQaA 79=CkclNgY
-
2L/emn7`.?2DSFi8&G92A5Ec79=#27A 7`.>;@9@98G*Mi>;D#E%GJ79>c2M%6%@98WQW2A 79A D%UNH>(E(8?4![ Z D#ESM%6%@98
4 >LG9GWH>(E(8?4![^\]=B%[
-Fi/oP2p;8I2K72F%4 8I>qr79=%8I79=%8?>;@9A5.I2D#EPG*A HI6%452798E^T24 6%8GR>qr79=%8GO72798G?Y Z @98
79=%8?BG*A HA 452@[
-
./103245.6%452798
79=%8?>;@9879A5.?24 4 BR2D#ENG*A HI6%452798
79=%84 >LG9G<M%@9>;F#2F%A 4 A 7OBR2D#ER79=%8`E(8?452B
M%@9>;F#2F%A 4 A 7OB;:tsu>;A DL794 BvQaA 79=w2T;8?@2U;8eQW2A 79A D%Ux79A H8PA D]XL6%8?6%8;Y Z @98^79=%8?B
G*A HA 452@[\]=%A5.=^A5GWB;>;6%@&.>;D#.4 6#G*A >;Di[
-
E#/emn7&G*8?8?HKG379=#27:(A q
Q38A D#.@982;G*8y
:(Q38NQaA 4 4JE(A HA D%A5G*=79=%8N4 >LG9G3M%@9>;F#2F%A 4 A 7OB;Y
z 8?@9A qB79=%A5GFBvG*A HI6%45279A D%UC79=%8jdf#dfihf{|G*B(GO798?H^:`QaA 79=wk}l~g:W2D#E
.>;HM#2@98A 7&QaA 79=79=%8N79=%8?>;@9879A5.?24<T24 6%8;Y
-8/emn7R245G*>KG*8?8?HKG379=#27:#A q
Q38NA D#.@982;G*8IkN:%Q38NA D#.@982;G*879=%8V4 >LG9GWM%@9>;F#2F%A 4 A 7OB;Y
z 8?@9A qB79=%A5GFBvG*A HI6%45279A D%UC79=%8jdf#dfihf{|G*B(GO798?H^:`QaA 79=wk}lh;:W2D#E
.>;HM#2@98A 7&QaA 79=79=%8N79=%8?>;@9879A5.?24<T24 6%8;Y
xa
* a&Sr*I&J%t%O`?^`*L`R%a%
W
\x8NQaA 4 4JFi8?U;A DFBeG*>;4 TA D%U2G*A HA 452@WM%@9>;F%4 8?H^YrtA @GO7a>q
24 4:(Q38NQaA 4 4JG*6%Mi>LG*879=#27aQ38
79=%@9>QeMi>;A DL7G327`@2D#E(>;H^:L>T;8?@2DA DL798?@9T24`O(Y\]=%A5.=A5Gr79=%8RM%@9>;F#2F%A 4 A 7OBI79=#27
>q79=%8G*8K1Mi>;A DL7G&G*=%>;6%45Eq
24 4J>;D^2G*6%F%A DL798?@9T24<`!**`>qNO([
0
t1 t2
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
OHQ%IK
sut
aZv
?mIwmO
n jkxVy e Q%akI p h d
v v9v
v
e
h j
e
h
O k sut ?mG=*wmO k n9jkx/ Q%Gv=p O n9jkx/ Q%G= N Q%e v G= h p ORQ%G=
fB
m#Z9
8;D8
8N1[
N 8g<%2T4*5%UJ7.g:=<%2T
7[X_4=4*7[E|6%S=7(Y24=4*24mX_4>E%7:=<%2VS
7[X_4=4*7[E|6%S=7(Y24=4VK:=<%2
S>:=2m7.N0;<%X_Y<X_43:=<%24*5%U7.NS>:=24g7.:=<%26%S=7(Y24=4*243L82VX E%q]>[F%F(2Fk
1
1 + 2
2
!#"%$&
('(*)
+(,
-/.10234
0
3
576(238:9<;>=%?A@(B CBED*B F7GHFIKJML
F7BEDND*F7GPO%QNF(R?DNDTSN=%QNF7U%V7=HJD*?SWFIO%QNF7X#JX%B Y Z
B SNB ?D\[^]
_`[aJQN?AL
F7BEDND*F7GPO%QNF(R?DND*?D\[:SN=%?QJSN?AFIKbT=%BER=cJQN?7[dQN?D*O:?RSNB C7?\Y e7[:SN=%?QJSN?AFI
SN=%?fB G%B SNBEJYdO%QNF(R?DND\[(ghU%Y SNB O%Y B ?@XeiSN=%?jRF7QNQN?D*O:F7G#@(B G%VAO%QNF7X#JX%B Y B S`e7[(]
_`k
P0
P0
P1
P1
%d
]A
W^od
od
%
;>=%?\QN?IF7QN?7[
M!du>od
G#@SN=%?WIU%G#RSNB F7GFI
O%QNF7X#JX%B Y B S`eM@(?\G#D*B S`ebTB Y Y^X:?7
!d M!du#od!d
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,+
- .10
/
24365*587:9<;(=&>*?9A@CBED&9F5HGI9KJELMBON&9FNOP%>Q36587:9<;(=&>*?9
R
S/T#UV%W(X6Y[Z]\^(_`\Ia[b c\IV:YUd#c\U,X*e%a[\Ic\IV:YXIf:b YgT#U,Xh`\I\IVji,\Ia[b k#\l8Y[T#UYOY[T%\nmIUd d`X*\Ia[ibom\
h`\IT#Uib Z,e%aFmIUVMh`\OcZ(l(\Id d \lpU,XFUVMaUV#l(Z,cq\^(_`Z,V%\IV:Y[boUd,iUa[boUh%d \,fZr%UEstaUY[\,uvS/T%\Ia[\
Ua[\nl(boX[ma[\I_#UV#mb \XgZ,V%d wUa[Z,e%V#ltY[T%\MZ,a[b x,b V<u
y6z!{K|} s<~: z!{K|
M<
,%/%v
v`Es
S/T%\Ui,\IaUx,\Y[b c\ZrEY[T%\HX*\Ia[ibom\d \IV%xY[Tq!Y[T%\HmIUd d/l(e%aUY[b Z,V`fmIUVh`\HmIUdome%doUY[\l
ra[Z,cY[T%boXEcZ(l(\IdY[T%a[Z,e%x,Tb YXE\^(_`\mYUY[b Z,V<u
z!{K|O} y6z!{K|,{} s<~: ,{H}
s
1
E1
2
E2
...
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
-/.021%354*6%7*8
9;:35<>=?
L .#MN .021%354*6%7*8
9;:35<PO/?
@
A =BDC
=FE/G=&H A#I G I BDCKJG
J
@
A OQBDCKORE/G
O>H A OSP=G
OSP=BDCKO T>=G
O T>=
S0
E0
S1
E1
2
E2
i-1
Si
Ei
...
...
i+2
U VX Y[Z&\%]_^a`cbbedf`hg&]K^
W
i[3j09k;3l9.mN .(n#.%N 023loQp;o%6%qr902N p;.s021#90t97272N u;34h02pv9w4*x(4a023Fyzy{9;M(3j6%o[p8h|}:N 7:6%N 04
p;7h:1#9.%.%3Fqr4F~W1%35:F9q q;3F.%3F7902N p;.w79023Nr4 A ?%9.#Mw021%35:F9q qP4*3F72uNr:379023Nr4hC~
poblacio
1
2
...
...
2
2
C-1
...
(C-1)
C
C
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
S0
0
S1
S C-1
C-1
...
(C-1)
XYB=>@%2?F*<%A*S
9E82?Z\[0
] G^[`_bacGd
9B#U\0%5 Sfeg_ ]h af0
]
Gd&_ a ^G [`_ieWG^[
XYB=>@%2?F*<%A*S
9E82?Z^d0
e
e o
G
oW_ m Gd&_ m(r ^G [
j ]k j
vxwzy l{a^lYG
tfucd6_ ] G
tfuo k v acG
t
9B#U\0#U(2:pE2:7 .EC%5 B%q#0
t
G
t|_ ve
G tfucd6_ e v r G^[
KL2M@#9pE2E0#=>@%2:Bc0\G
}0/6@%5;8@~5;F&S<%B#8=>5 .EB.S3G^[0=>@#9=`/32MFJ=>5 7 7^@#9pE2?=>.8:97;8<%7;9=>2EI
N.U(.M=>@%5;F:0%/32`/65 7 7c9OE2`<#F*2`.S^=>@%2`S
9E8=0=>@#9=6=>@%2`S.E7 7 ./65 B%q4<#FJ=6D2`=>A><%2E
t
G
H^_ y
H \[
=>@%2:Bc0
t
o
t
G
H^_zG^[4 y k e k e kz::k e
y
v rQ _
m(r
H \[
!#"%$&
('(*)
+-,
./#013254-6(7.8 /:9
;=<>
Q 4#9(7R4TS4-/#SU V#0(2-9
?
>
?
M NL O < N H
L
G
H
H
?3@AB@DCFE B
@ IJIJI@DC:K
FC P
CFO W Y H N [\]^`_bac_ed
N
L
M <
CFH P Z
f 4hg2.-i*V%jR2k7Rl%2mi*2JjRn8 /%ohSJ.p#.-S8 7rq-9132`1s8 U U
SJ.UtSV%Ut.7R2k7Rl%2m6%U 4(Su8 /%oXp%jR4-6#.6%8 U 8 7rq
vxw3y5z{| /}7Rl%2TSJ.-i*2`4~.hU 4iRig4(0(2JU97Rl%26%U 4(Su8 /%ohp%jR4-6#.6%8 U 8 7rqS4-jRjR2i*p4-/#0%is7R4h7Rl%2
U 4iRi3p%jR4-6#.6%8 U 8 7rq vxy5z{
i132l#.n-2}g2J/7R8 4-/%20.64n-2-97Rl%8ti1s8 U U627Rl%2cp%jR4-6#.6%8 U 8 7rqb4~#/#0(8 /%o7Rl%2
i*q(ir7R2Jg8tis.TiR.7RV%j.7R20hir7.7R2-9%1sl%8tSl8tis2V#.U7R4#
` 8 /#0(8 /%oT8 7&1s8 7Rl7Rl%2S8 jSV%8 7is6%V#i*q {
` 8 /#0(8 /%oT8 7&8 /7Rl%2k L ir7.7R2 {
| ~.}SJ.U U3.jRjR8 n-2i7R47Rl%2i*q(ir7R2Jg8 /i*V#Sl.}ir7.7R2-9
8 7`8ti`U 4ir7m./#01s8 U U/%47m62
i*2JjRn-20 {
f l%8tisp%jR4-6#.6%8 U 8 7rqT8ti ; L 9%./#08 7&8tiJ9(6qh0(2#/%8 7R8 4-/:9(7Rl%2U 4iRip%jR4-6#.6%8 U 8 7rq vxy5z{
;
WX>
CL KH
; L >B;D>
M LN O < N H
C P
d {
f l%8tis8tis.`~V%/#S7R8 4-/4~./#0b
9#./#0h8ti&SJ.U U 20 ]
a( A k
Z
L KH
d >e; L >e;>
]
a( A k
LN C O < N
M
Z
C HP
jR4-g7Rl%8tiJ9%132SJ./4-6(7.8 /h7Rl%2k0(8 2JjR2J/7R27Rj.XSJi4~=7Rl%2ki*q(ir7R2Jg {
27 iSJ.UtSV%Ut.7R2`7Rl%2 { f .u-2J/}8 /7R4.-SJS4-V%/77Rl#.7132mu/%417Rl%2p%jR4-6#.6%8 U 8 7R8 2i
~4-j32.-Slhir7.7R2-9(./#07Rl%25SJ.U Uti62J8 /%o`7Rj./#i*g8 7*7R20X8 /h2.-Slhir7.7R2-97Rl%2 fsf 1s8 U U627Rl%2
.n-2Jj.o-2&4~=7Rj./#i*g8 7*7R20SJ.U Uti38 /2.-Slir7.7R256qX7Rl%2p%jR4-6#.6%8 U 8 7rqT4~
2.-Slir7.7R2 {
N
L
L
N
N
L
L
> A ;=< N O A > A ;=< O A > A ? ]
a A dk* > A ? ;
<
Z
= ?
f 4hSJ.UtSV%Ut.7R27Rl%2`:9#132kg`V#ir75SJ.UtSV%Ut.7R257Rl%2`4~.Xi*q(ir7R2Jg1s8 7Rl7Rl%2miR.g2
p#.j.g27R2Jjis./#09./#0h8 /(#/%8 7R2`S8 jSV%8 7i {| ~
q-4-V0(4m7Rl%8tiJ9#q-4-V1s8 U UF#/#07Rl#.7X`
{
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
poblacio
...
1
2
...
...
C-1
...
(C-1)
C+1
C+2
...
C
S0
0
S1
C-1
...
S C-1
(C-1)
SC
C
C
C+1
C+i
...
C
S C+i
...
C
!#"%$&
('(*)
.0/132%465*7%8*9
:<;46=?>@
A#B >DCFE BG
:/#H?@%I 9KJLC AM EK@
BG C
E
A B
>DCNJ B >
.0/132%465*7%8*9
:<;46= G @
O AP ERQ BG C A#B > PTS E B
U
:/#H?@#H(4WV<4WX Y<Z%I /%[#@
U
B
U C J BG C J B >
S
S(\
.0/132%465*7%8*9
:<;46=^]K_ G @
O AP O
`badc QeERQ B ]K_ G C A#B ]K_ UfP ` E B ]
:/#H?@#H(4WV<4WX Y<Z%I /%[#@
]
B ]gC `J B ]K_ G C J ` B >
\
.0/132%465*7%8*9
:<;46=^]f@
O AP ` ERQ B ]TC A#B ]K_ GP ` E B ]ih G
:/#H?@#H(4WV<4WX Y<Z%I /%[#@
]
B ]ih G C `J B ]gC J ` `J B >
\
.0/132%465*7%8*9
:<;46=^]ih^j0@
O AP ` ERQ B ]ih^j
C A#B ]ih^j_ GkP ` E B ]ih^j h G
:/#H?@#H(4WV<4WX Y<Z%I /%[#@
] l J jh G
J
J
B ]ih^j h G C ` B ]ih^jiC `
B >
` m
\
+-,
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
;
<
t | t
t
t 4
h
| 4 | t t( LG/
QRFU.24C*E%7.m670%.VC*.973?A@.@92#24@? 6K4 5P=T .G=>? M M@92MA@E%MA267.B670%.o%M F(@W? 8%%7F4o#2o%? M ? 6K
TS O#8670%.m@924C*.vFDJ670%.v=12? 67? 8%VUF(N( .9M5%? 6y@F4 77.C*H F48#N%b
CT67 FG670%.BN(.9MA2K%7F4o#2o%? M ? 6K
SS O
CoH.DF47.45? 6=>? M M#oH.yFDPF4E%? 867.97.C6L67FB@92MA@E%MA267.1670%.y%7F4o#2o%? M ? 6KBFD#8#N(? 8%v670%.
C*K(C67.9U? 82C7267E#@F48%8C6267.45(=>0%?A@0?AC1.E%? 32M .986>67F#
? 8#N(? 8%670%.mC*K(C67.9U=>? 670670%.^@? @E%? 6C>o%E#C*K4O
c
? 8#N(? 8%V? 6&? 8670%.m X 5# X ~ 5# X 5 O O OC6267.C9O
!#"%$&
('(*)
+,
8 5 ;
-/.0
1324%5768:9;:<>=@? 5BA ? 5DCFEGA ? 5DCIHJALKMKMK =@NO?P=L?FQ
;R ;TSU8
V%WYX[Z]\Y^%_a`Mb%cJd/eMfghX[i(\f_ gj\Y^%d:`*k(`l\YdMZ]\YWfmOeM`Mn
opd:eMfgh`*dMdq\Y^#f\srutwvyxqb#f[`z_ \&czf[`>{X[Wz\Y^%d/| X3`Y`zZX(}(dM|~n
DXeMf|ae%|af\Yd/\Y^%dtztIbcJduc7_ | |F}(XO\Y^%d`YfZduf[`7{X[W&\Y^%du| X3`Y`&ZX(}(dM|~nz^%dMWYd{X[WYd[b
f[`/cJdOg%Xc\Y^%dj%WYX[i#fi%_ | _ \Y_ d`q{X[Wudf[e^`l\f\Yd[bGfg#}f|a`*Xh\Y^%deMf| |a`q\Y^#f\fWYdsidM_ g%
\YWfg#`*Z_ \*\Yd}}(%WY_ g%Odf[e^`l\f\Yd[b#\Y^%dUtztc7_ | |Fid/\Y^%df[dMWf[dX{G\YWfg#`*Z_ \*\Yd}eMf| |a`
_ ghdf[e^`l\f\Yd[b%iks\Y^%d/%WYX[i#fi%_ | _ \lksX{
df[e^h`l\f\Yd[n
&T=@?FQ A@ ? EGALKMKMKA ;q? 5BA ;q? 5DCFEA ;q? 5DCIHJALKMKMK =
=
? A ;q?
E
5DCFE
=L8?FQ
=@8?FQ
5
E
8 A ;q?FQ 8 5 8
=
F? Q
R
;Rj ;h
E
5DCFE
8 E A
8 5
8
q
;
F
?
Q
=
6 S <R
;R E ;
8 E A 8 5 ;
?FQ
=@8
=L8
S <R ;R ;TSU8O
?FQ
5
6
E
&dMg#ed[b%cJd/eMfgheMf|ae%|af\Yd\Y^%d/| X3`l\z\YWfmOebtIb
=@LSp&=L8@SU8=@8>?=T
z^%d`*dWYd`*%| \`eX[%|a}^#f[djidMdMgwX[i(\f_ g%d}U{WYX[Z\Y^%dhidM[_ g%g%_ g%#bideMf#`*d_ gwf
czf_ \Y_ g%ZX(}(dM|~bIf| |
\Y^%d\YWfmOe:\Y^#f\q_a`qXdMWYd}b_a`qf|a`*Xj\YWfg#`*Z_ \*\Yd}nz^#`Mb7rutTv
tztwvxqn
I_ [dMc7_a`*d[b(g%X\YWfmOe_a`7| X3`l\btwvn
opdqeX[%|a}Of|a`*Xu}(d#g%dqfu}(dM|afk[d}\YWfmOeu~htzb(f[`\Y^%d#fW*\JX{\Y^%dXdMWYd}\YWfmOe
\Y^#f\&_a`7}(dM|afk[d}(_~n d[n b\Y^%d/#fW*\z\Y^#f\fWYWY_ [d`>\YX\Y^%d:`*k(`l\YdMZhb%fg#}Zu#`l\7czf_ \n
Ns=TNO?P=@8-/.0
1324 5 68:9;:<
~ u%lT%D
z
z^%dI_ \*\Y| dWYd`*%| \JWYdM|af\Yd`G\Y^%df[dMWf[d7^%X[|a}(_ g%/\Y_ ZdX{Df:eMf| |_ gjfu`*k(`l\YdMZhb3c7_ \Y^O\Y^%d
dMg3\YWYkjWf\Yd\YXs\Y^%d:`*k(`l\YdMZhbfg#}j\Y^%duf[dMWf[dg%ZuidMW&X{
dM| dMZdMg3\`z\Y^#f\_ \eX[g3\f_ g#`Mn
\`l\f\Yd`7\Y^#f\\Y^%df[dMWf[dg%ZuidMWX{>eMf| |a`&_ gfO3%dM%dM_ g%j`*k(`l\YdMZ_a`d3#f|\YXO\Y^%d
!#"%$&
('(*)
+-,
q!kt~Z
k
RkKo
W B%02L=G
kKo
~
k@r =C22(R
~
RkKo
R
q!kt~Z
k
o
~ 5 ~
o
s R uAwx
yMz{ qoZ}~Z o
~ ~ s4tf
~tvo
P R Q\P e
o
u wx
yMz{ qoZ}~Z
A
QS
R
o
o
s
o
uAwx
yMz{ qoZ}~Z
~ tvo
~tvo
L#`G#.J%J%7 D6 L%3\85B%0ZX=6 8*857 0A150>*Y%7 8G
P
P R Q R s uAwx
yMz{ qoZ}~Z
Vn
s
T
~tvo