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7WaysForShipsToMeetMARPOLNOxTierIIIRegulation
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6377 Twitter Google+ LinkedIn Pinterest

OCTOBER8,2014BYTAUFIQCHOUGLE

Airpollutionfromshipsisontheriseandglobalemissionstandardsaregettingstringenteveryyear.
MARPOLAnnexVIlimitsthemainairpollutantscontainedinshipsexhaustgas,includingsulphur
oxides(SOx)andnitrousoxides(NOx),andprohibitsdeliberateemissionsofozonedepleting
substances.

MarineDiesel
Emissions
PreserveSO2InYour
Samplesw/NafionBased
SampleConditioning

ThemainchangestoMARPOLAnnexVIareaprogressivereductiongloballyinemissionsofSOx,NOx
andparticulatematterandtheintroductionofemissioncontrolareas(ECAs)toreduceemissionsof

thoseairpollutantsfurtherindesignatedseaareas.NOxEmissionTierIIIstandardwillbeenforcedfrom

1stJan2016inEmissionControlAreas(ECA)asperthelatestMEPC66meeting.

ImageCredits:DNVGL

WhatisNOxTierIII?
ProgressivereductionsinNOxemissionsfrommarinedieselenginesinstalledonshipsisincludedin
MARPOLAnnexVI,withaTierIIemissionlimitforenginesinstalledonorafter1January2011.NOx
TierIIIismorestringentemissionlimitforenginesinstalledonorafter1January2016operatingin
ECAs.Marinedieselenginesinstalledonorafter1January1990butpriorto1January2000are

requiredtocomplywithTierIemissionlimits,ifanapprovedmethodforthatenginehasbeencertified
byanAdministration.
NOxTierIIIemissionstandardsare80%lessthanNOxTierIemissionstandards.

TheemissionvalueforadieselengineistobedeterminedinaccordancewiththeNOxTechnicalCode
2008inthecaseofTierIIandTierIIIlimits.
AsperMarpolAnnexVITierIIIlimitsare:
ForEngineSpeedlessthan130rpm3.4gNOx/kwh
ForEnginespeed130andabovebutless2000rpm9*n0.2gNOx/kwh
ForEnginespeedabove2000rpm2gNOx/kwh.

ImageCredits:IMO.org

NOxTierIIIemissionstandardsareapplicableonlyinNECA(NOxEmissioncontrolareas).Outside

NECA,TierIIstandardsareapplicable.CurrentNECAareasaretheNorthAmericanareaandtheU.S
Caribbeanarea.
TierIIIstandardswillalsobeapplicabletoshipsbuiltonorafter1Jan2016.
Aretheshipsreadyfortheemissionstandards?
TocomplywiththisTierIIIrequirementsshipsshallhavetobeinstalledorretrofittedwith
equipment/systemswhichcanreduceNOxbelowTierIIIstandards.
Mentionedbelowareseventechnologiesavailabletomeetthiscriteria.
1.SelectiveCatalyticReduction(SCR)
Inthissystem,ureaorammoniaisinjectedintheexhaustgasbeforepassingitthroughaunit,which
consistsofspecialcatalystlayer,atatemperaturebetween300and400DegC.Chemicalreaction
betweenUrea/ammoniaandNOxinexhaustgasesreducesNOx(NOandNO2)toN2.SCRunit
isinstalledbetweentheexhaustmanifold/receiverandtheturbocharger.

HighefficiencyturbochargerisrequiredforthissystemasthereispressuredropacrossSCRReactor.
Engineloadshouldbe40%andabove,asNOxisreducedtoN2withinspecifictemperaturewindow(
300400DegC).

Iftemperatureisabove400DegC,ammoniawillburnratherthanreactingwithNOxwhichwillleadthe
systemtobeineffective.Ifthetemperatureisbelow270DegC,thereactionratewillbelowandthe
ammoniumsulphatesformedwilldestroythecatalyst.

Imagecredits:vikingline.com

>SomeB&WengineusesDeNOxorSiNOxsystemusingSCRtechnology.
>SomeWartsilaenginesalsohasNOR(NOxReduction)systemthatusesSCRtechnology.
Morethan90%reductionisachievedbyusingSCRtechnologytocomplywithTierIIIemission
standards.
2.ExhaustGasRecirculation(EGR):
Inthistechnology,partoftheexhaustgasafterturbochargerisrecirculatedtoscavangereceiverafter

passingitthroughthescrubber(exhaustgaswashing)unit.Around5060%NOxreductionfromtierIi

claimedbymakinguseofEGR.Howeverdischargeofcleaningwaterrequirestreatmentlikepurification

andseparatingexhaustgascleaningsludge.Assomecountriesareagainstdischargeofthiswater,re
usingthiswaterposescorrosionproblem.

NOxreductiontakesplaceduetoreductioninexcessair(oxygencontent)usedforcombustion,additio
ofCO2andwatervapourreducespeaktemperaturesasbothhavehigherspecificheatthanair.
EGRsystemalongwithcombinationofoneofthetechnologiessuchasaltered(delayed)injection
method,newdesignfuelvalve,commonrailinjectionprinciple,electronicengines,ScavangeAir
Moisturizing,canbeusedtocomplywithTierIIIstandards.

Imagecredits:Greenship.org

3.ScavangeAirMoisturizing:
Airfromtheturbocharger,afterpassingthroughthecompressor,hashightemperature.Seawater
isinjectedtothishightemperatureairforcoolingandmakingitsaturated.Distillationprocessmakesit
possibletouseseawaterinsteadoffreshwater.Humidificationofairiscontrolledbymaintaining
scavengeairtemperaturebetween6070DegC.Waterinsaturatedairreducesthepeaktemperature
aswaterhashigherheatcarryingcapacitythanair.

Around60%NOxreductionisachievedbythismethod.Byusingcombinationofothertechnologiessuc
asEGRwithScavangeAirMoisturizing,NOxTierIIIstandardscanbeachieved.
4.MillerCycle:
BymakinguseofMillercyclein4Strokeenginesalongwithhighefficiencyturbocharger,thatis,early

closingofinletvalvesbeforeBDC,causesexpansionandcoolingofintakeairwhichreducesNOx
production.ThisNOxreductionmethodwillrequiretwoturbochargers(2Stageturbocharging).
ThismethodalongwithDirectWaterinjection(DWI)Principleandothermethodssuchasfuelwater
emulsioncanbringNOxwellbelowTierIIIstandards.
5.UseofLowPressureGasEngines:
NewmarineenginesusinglowpressureLNGasmarinefuelwillhavegreaterimportanceinmeeting
TierIIIstandards.Wartsilahasdeveloped2strokeDFtechnologyenginewhichmakesuseoflow
pressureLNGasfuel.Itisbasedonleanburnprinciple(relativelyhighair/fuelratio),inwhich,thepre

mixedair/fuelchargeisignitedbypilotfuel.Oneofthemostimportantaspectsofthisengineisthatthe
emissionarebelowNOxTierlimit,andthisisachievedwithoutuseofexhaustgastreatmentsystem.

6.CSNOx:EcospechavedevelopedasystemknownasCSNOxwhichusesfreshwaterorseawatert
passthroughUltraLowFrequencyElectrolysissystem.Thistreatedwaterisfurthermixedwithtoreact
withtheexhaustgastoreduceNOxcontent.ThesystemreducesCO2,SOxandNOxinonecompact
equipment.ThistechnologyalongwithotherNOxreducingmethodsmentionedabovecanbeusedfor
compliancewithTierIIIstandards.CSNOxhasanadvantageofachievinghighefficiencywithlow
maintenanceandpowerconsumption.KnowmoreaboutCSNOxhere.

7.Combination:CombinationofTechnologieshavingoneormorecombinationssuchaselectronic
engineswithvariablefueltimings,LNGasfuelorDirectwaterinjectionorFuelinwateremulsionsetc
withotherNOxreducingmethodscanbeusedtocomplywithTierIIIemissionstandards.These
mentionedcombinationmayormaynotrequireexhaustgasscrubbertocomplywithTierIIInorms.
Overtoyou..

DoyouknowanyotherimportantmethodthatcanbeusedtoreduceNOxproduction?Letsknowinthe
commentsbelow.
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COMMENTS

jakesays
October9,2014at1:06am
HHOtechnologyorinjectinghydrogenthroughintakemanifold.

Anishsays
October13,2014at2:58pm
@Jake:
ThankYouforaddingthisimportanttechnology.

ANDREASsays
December5,2014at3:00am
HFOwithscrubbers,MDO(marinedieseloil,insomecircumstances),lngasfuelandalso
rerouting:P

alaamohamedsays
December15,2014at4:56am
25Mechanicexperiencedtechnicianonmerchantshipsconsensustypes,suchaspublicstocks
BlakeSplayatcontainerandpetroleumservicesanddredgerstoexpandthewaterwayandthe
yachtcruiseintheRedSeaSharmElSheikh,HurghadaandtheportsoftheWhiteSea.(I
wanttoworkwithyou,andIthankyouandappreciation)
Ihopethatyouwillhelpmetofindajob

santoshsays
December30,2014at2:18pm
sir
aslowpressuregasenginearedesignedaspernox3tiersystem
thanisitthathighpressuregasenginearealsodesignedaspernox3tiersystem
thanks

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