3-1 co) Ik Ch. 3 LZners Bands au L Charoe Carpier. | n Semiconductors _ Lg Covrier centrations (Frem DOS amd BD statistics) Ul ra mobility seat Lorine —— Et ective mass CS i rng eee Sent andustons EA diegra : + Blech thaarem ff ta)= ek, 6 x =i). = tt iTChopter 3 Band pop energy (€V) AL,Ga,,A8 a4 06 Aluminum fraction, x o Figure 3-6 Variation of direct and indirect conduction bands in AIGoASs as a function of composition: () the (EK) diagrom for GoAs, showing three minima in the conduction band; (b) AlAs band diagram; {e) positions ofthe three conduction bond minima in Al,Ga; As es x varies over the range of compositions from GaAs (x = 0} to AlAs [x= I). The smalls band gap, E, (shown in color, fllows the direct I band to x= 0.38, and then follows the indirect X band.43-27 Pt LPR 30j C821). CF 32. ee Centred Bu ation Bard Gee a Depending on the mateial, Lee) eaand Lie difterent->- Banda —p~ cs clifterent Here coped fin CAbtevec x) | ifferent Ue 2 difierent and gaps :ay fe. At_Pinite Tesep. / | 2 FHP in pure Si at room feup.i @10!? EtPZems ——} * ST nln dip + 4 mien 1 —| |.*A rigoreus._derivetion reguines gutentum wechantsl | considziatias ae357 L EXCLUDING SPN) momentum) | and mis the band index) i RANGE OF QUANTUM | Kruns through all of k- | For each n, Kruns through all wave Table 12.1 COMPARISON OF SOMMERFELD AND BLOCH ONE-ELECTRON EQUILIBRIUM LEVELS — SOMDMERFELD BLocH : QUANTUM NUMBERS| (fk isthe ‘Km Uk is the crystal momentum ae ee aes Space consent withthe | vectors ale pit cello the j Bors-von Kaman | reirocal ate consistent Wit i periodic boundary | Born-von Raman periodic boundary — condition. condition; m runs through an infinite i ssrotdlsrte vas, ‘ENERGY, | wie For a given band index n, 6,(k) has no — | SR =Se- | simple explist form. The only general | ——~ Property pid in he ipo kei — 80k +1) = 5,08, vezocrry | Themean velocity ofan | The mean velocity ofan econ ine elocron neve! with | Jee ith bad index nnd wave ; | wave vse ki vectors | 126) pe | = Fe — ARDS Z Gy yo pl ‘WAVE FuNcTiON | The wave function ofan_| The wave function of an electron with tlectron with wave vector | band index and wave vector kis: ao Lee ae Walt) = €* 'ealt) yee) = 222, | where the function has 0 simple ve explicit fom. The only general property is periodicity in the direct lace: alt +B) = The tauin. problen + 75 descothe “the motion oP Blech electrons bet tween_cobdicie LCi ep— Tae = feed) 012.3) Askentt £ Henin AG xOF ie =a pak Cee| cep the wave wectar ts —torll defined onthe seed. Bly ee BtMon 2ene , _ | Figure 121 Schematic view of the situation described by the semiclassical ‘model. The length over which the = applied field (Gashed line) varies is ‘much greater than the spread in the wave packet of the electron (oli line), which im turn is much largec than the lattice constant, : | Gwen ElB), che semiclassical msdel_associates with | each electra a position ity a waveuecter B, anda CO eer—‘“‘—O——r—C—CE™ | NoZaterhand Cransittons. 2. Time evolution of F and E oe page ety BORE. ee eeaes Fratton = yb) = 7 33 ene LEG at2 Ea) feet) cosy — 3. Aa electron with a, fp, E_ts_ exactly the same __ i OS an electron with ot, bt where Ris — -—aity recip kecel lattice vector = eu, abl distinct wave. vectors dor a single band i ina sing| prlimitiv _cebl of th ietipreial Aattion a C2 a)J _ ——|--— _ sn ent | forces gs. eamicdasstind “Motion Ten than. Applied Dam Electne Fidld,>. > Oe Brin a| | 42-87 Figure 12.4 + afb) and ofk) vs. & (or ve, time, via Eq, (12.17)) im one dimension (or three dimen- sions, in s direction parallel to a reciprocal lattice vector that determines one of the first-zone faces) i etn ee a Holes. eee rw Se poe hy Eleations prone ee AR abot EB contethute ee PR) dB oto the current desstg — a given hand te 2 | ajdt = g Vieng BaeFacet gay | H oteapied| i i =e) Bera. it ee —enaceupied $< | Even though the ondy charge camiens ave ebectrons we may, TE convenient, consider the currentte be carried — enfin, by “fictitions particles of positive charge — that frth_all_ unoccupied. Sevels, The Fictitious pactiles pane cabled *hebes”. - Le You should. tale one“ et the Con desenipllen gn - a is Curent cartied. 2 -ebectrons. accupling the bevels. OR. de Current carried by holes taking the ~ncccupted 2h whe bevels = eae they, are th evolve in time Following che "epatien of met Cl Figure 125 Schematic illustration of the time evolution of orbits in semiclassical paase space (here rand k are each indicated by a single co- ordinate. The occupied region at time 7 is — determined by the orbits that lie in the ocupied region at time r= 0.ssaeeeee \ . : Ui 3 “t do rae de 28 Es ax [in DIS Rae 2a: 8 = 2amamrd [Effective Mass Tensor > ft z4 22h) +3 | Fipora, : =e piles Chor bind 25 elec trois ee “baw Hl ta dE = tet — a _ Si. of the bend energy ECR) a Its. MOL mbna at = CE) BCT 4b 2 ity int, _ -| <-> C12. bb) ChE = el Pe ye Dare -yaacton ot RT Rg extemal farce *a fina hole +e} ee pape zn) oh cs 327} CCE te a@xF FY (Eb a