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FDRElected in early November; too office in early March 20th Amendment changed oath of office to January 20 th Dust bowl Dustbowl grips the Midwest Drought cripples farms Brain trust FDR's informal group of advisers had the important job of making policies during this time. Rise of Isolation in the US Most government officials and citizens in the 1920's were isolationists.
FDRElected in early November; too office in early March 20th Amendment changed oath of office to January 20 th Dust bowl Dustbowl grips the Midwest Drought cripples farms Brain trust FDR's informal group of advisers had the important job of making policies during this time. Rise of Isolation in the US Most government officials and citizens in the 1920's were isolationists.
FDRElected in early November; too office in early March 20th Amendment changed oath of office to January 20 th Dust bowl Dustbowl grips the Midwest Drought cripples farms Brain trust FDR's informal group of advisers had the important job of making policies during this time. Rise of Isolation in the US Most government officials and citizens in the 1920's were isolationists.
The Republican Nominee: Herbert Hoover The Democratic Nominee: Franklin D. Roosevelt FSR- loved to campaign-crowds cheered for him Hoover- often booed and heckled If FDR elected- Destroy American Free Enterprise and American system of government FDR won by a landslide- Democrats also won majority in the house Brain trust FDRs informal group of advisers Had the important job of making policies during this time Lame duck Period FDR- Elected in early November; too office in Early March In the time between Nov & March is considered the lame duck period 20th Amendment changed oath of office to January 20 th Dust bowl Dustbowl grips the Midwest Drought cripples farms; many go out of business German Expansion Germany- Building an enormous new army, making weapons at a frightening speed, and menacing high bars March 1936- Militarization of Rhineland March 1938- seized Austria Sept. 1938- Munich Pact- An attempt to appease Hitler: Dismember Czech and give a piece to Germany March 1939- Hitler seized the rest of the Czech Republic; appeasement was a failure Sept. 1st , 1939 Germany invaded Poland WWII begins! September 3rd 1939 Great Britain and France declare war on Germany Rise of Isolation in the US Most government officials and citizens in the 1920s were isolationists Felt the US should avoid alliances and agreements with other countries NYE committee- Investigated US entry into WWI Findings International bankers drew US in WWI Isolation dominated Neutrality Legislation Neutrality Act 1935: Authorized the Press to bear arms sales to warring nations 1936- Extended Neutrality Legislation- put limits on sale of arms to belligerents Cash and Carry A country had to pay money for goods before they left our shores Lend and Lease Us would lend or lease supplies to other countries
Sent to nations considered vital to defense of the US
Atlantic Center FDR and Churchill met wanted better future for the world US and Great Britain were seeking no territorial gain wanted us to join the war FDR said no effects of the war on 1940 election Republican nominee Wendell L Willkie -opposed the New Deal Democratic FDR both wanted to help Great Britain FDR first person to serve a third term battle field everywhere depended on a lot of air power in 1940 England Winston Churchill became prime minister US prepares for war FDR warned the US to rearm wanted billions of dollars to create a two ocean Navy also size of the Air Force increased Battle of Atlantic German submarine wolf packs sun tons of Allied supplies main years 1942 to 43 Radar and sonar were invented both could destroy Subs Japanese and American relations 1931 - 1914 Japanese military aggression was militarily unopposed by the US 1940 Japan becomes partners with Italy Germany Japan attacked and expanded through China July 1914 us response embargo on all trade with Japan US and Japan Mets breaking point china Japan wanted us to cut off did the Chinese US demanded of Japanese withdraw from China Japan had a choice give up dream Empire or go to war they chose War America at war attack on Pearl Harbor Sunday December 7th Japan attacks Pearl Harbor surprise attack 180 am war planes destroyed 120 crippled 18 Naval vessels were sunk and heavily damaged more than 70 civilians and 2403 servicemen killed 1177 crew Men of the USS Arizona died and attack next day after you are Japan's day of infamy plunged the US into war war on the home front Selective Service draft was started in 1940 by Pearl Harbor 1.6 million in the Army internment of Japanese-Americans March 1942 close to 120000 Japanese-Americans rounded up and confined into camps were placed in camps to avoid sabotage wartime agencies
1940 industry emerging from depression
1942 us production equal to Germany and Japan combined 1944 doubled it during World War 1 the government control the economy to maximize production full employment inflation occurred role of women and minorities 1945 258000 woman worth serving and Armed Forces 18 million were part of the workforce minorities about 1 million African Americans served in World War 2 African Americans served in segregated units in early stages of World War II African Americans migrated to industrial cities over 500,000 Latino served and we're not segregated Conservation and rationing Rationing was used to assure availability of scarce items to all citizens individuals receive coupons for a share of the rations items us Ellie's needed everything they could get American strategy Get Hitler first if Germany won and year of us would face aggressor Nations alone second front Russians wanted a second front in Europe wanted to invade lands held by Axis Powers instead July 1942 allies invaded North Africa invasion of North Africa Germany Led by desert fox General Erwin Rommel British led by General Bernard Montgomery Montgomery's Army broke through Rommels Africa korps November 4th 1942 US and British forces from West and North November 8th 1942 invasion of Italy July 10th 1943 -250000 US and British troops land and Sicilian coastlines Germans- escaped to the Italian Mainland Italians sick of with Mussolini forced to resign Allied troops tied up thousands of German troops weaken them everywhere Control of the air British and US forces heavily bombed Germany but use different strategies British saturation bombing- Bombed whole areas US pinpoint bombing attack in daylight could set Focus bombs on crucial factories attack on the European continent D-Day US Great Britain's invasion of France objective second front in Europe
directed by American General Dwight D Eisenhower supreme commander
of Allied Forces in Western Europe June 6th 1944 D-Day invasion begins conditions needed low tide Half Moon good weather warning Invasion allies achieved at actual surprise; Landings for Success Secured beaches one of the greatest achievements of the War Generals Montgomery and Eisenhower led Allied Forces through Europe towards Germany Reconquest of France by the end of July 1944 the Allies controlled 1500 square miles of France Paris liberated on August 25th 1944 by mid-September all of France had been cleared of Germans FDR elected for fourth term World War II taking its toll on FDR's Health Battle of Germany December 16th Battle of the Bulge Germany final bid to break the allies Germans penetrated 60 miles creating a bulge in the Allied lines foul weather aided the Germans Patton and Montgomery stopped the advancing of Germans by the end of January the Bulge was pinched off Germany loses 120000 of their best men The war in the Pacific extent of Japanese Conquest controlled 4500 miles area of the Pacific Allied policy in the Pacific active defense island hopping General MacArthur and Admiral Nimitz commanders of Allied Forces in the Pacific the Allies invaded the Strategic Islands bypassed Others May 30th 1942 Battle of Coral Sea result: draw first naval battle where the opposing ships never saw one another June 4th 1942 Battle of Midway US Victory August 7th 1942 Battle of Guadalcanal US Victory Our troops first exposure to land battle with the Japanese The fighting was fierce and brutal the Japanese would not surrender October 20th 1944 the conquest of the Philippines begins led by Mac authors us coaches the Japanese Knox their way it may be out of the war February to March 1945 Iwo Jina US Victory operation detachment Goal secure Airfield heavy losses 6821 us deaths March 9th to 10th Tokyo firebombing- operation Meetinghouse Target industrial sites but was very populated area utilized 334 B-29 Superfortress airplanes 10000 died in attack, 1 million homeless
April to June 1945 Okinawa US Victory brutal fighting Japan considered it a
home base 12513 Americans died within Striking Distance of Japan Victory is in sight the atomic bomb developed after the Germans and Italians surrendered Manhattan Project Potsdam declaration ultimatum allies wanted to warn the Japanese the alternative to surrender is prompt and utter destruction August 6th 1945 a bomb dropped in Hiroshima August 9th 1945 a bomb dropped in Nagasaki V-J Day August 14th 1945