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The Depression & New Deal

The Election of 1932


The Republican Nominee: Herbert Hoover
The Democratic Nominee: Franklin D. Roosevelt
FSR- loved to campaign-crowds cheered for him
Hoover- often booed and heckled
If FDR elected- Destroy American Free Enterprise and American system of
government
FDR won by a landslide- Democrats also won majority in the house
Brain trust FDRs informal group of advisers
Had the important job of making policies during this time
Lame duck Period
FDR- Elected in early November; too office in Early March
In the time between Nov & March is considered the lame duck period
20th Amendment changed oath of office to January 20 th
Dust bowl
Dustbowl grips the Midwest
Drought cripples farms; many go out of business
German Expansion
Germany- Building an enormous new army, making weapons at a
frightening speed, and menacing high bars
March 1936- Militarization of Rhineland
March 1938- seized Austria
Sept. 1938- Munich Pact- An attempt to appease Hitler: Dismember Czech
and give a piece to Germany
March 1939- Hitler seized the rest of the Czech Republic; appeasement
was a failure
Sept. 1st , 1939 Germany invaded Poland
WWII begins!
September 3rd 1939 Great Britain and France declare war on Germany
Rise of Isolation in the US
Most government officials and citizens in the 1920s were isolationists
Felt the US should avoid alliances and agreements with other countries
NYE committee- Investigated US entry into WWI
Findings
International bankers drew US in WWI
Isolation dominated
Neutrality Legislation
Neutrality Act 1935: Authorized the Press to bear arms sales to warring
nations
1936- Extended Neutrality Legislation- put limits on sale of arms to
belligerents
Cash and Carry A country had to pay money for goods before they left our
shores
Lend and Lease
Us would lend or lease supplies to other countries

Sent to nations considered vital to defense of the US


Atlantic Center
FDR and Churchill met wanted better future for the world
US and Great Britain were seeking no territorial gain wanted us to join the
war
FDR said no
effects of the war on 1940 election
Republican nominee Wendell L Willkie -opposed the New Deal
Democratic FDR
both wanted to help Great Britain
FDR first person to serve a third term
battle field everywhere
depended on a lot of air power
in 1940 England Winston Churchill became prime minister
US prepares for war FDR warned the US to rearm
wanted billions of dollars to create a two ocean Navy
also size of the Air Force increased
Battle of Atlantic German submarine wolf packs sun tons of Allied supplies
main years 1942 to 43
Radar and sonar were invented both could destroy Subs
Japanese and American relations
1931 - 1914 Japanese military aggression was militarily unopposed by the
US
1940 Japan becomes partners with Italy Germany
Japan attacked and expanded through China July 1914 us response
embargo on all trade with Japan
US and Japan Mets breaking point china Japan wanted us to cut off did the
Chinese
US demanded of Japanese withdraw from China
Japan had a choice give up dream Empire or go to war
they chose War
America at war attack on Pearl Harbor
Sunday December 7th Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
surprise attack 180 am war planes destroyed 120 crippled 18 Naval
vessels were sunk and heavily damaged
more than 70 civilians and 2403 servicemen killed 1177 crew Men of the
USS Arizona died and attack
next day after you are Japan's day of infamy plunged the US into war
war on the home front
Selective Service
draft was started in 1940
by Pearl Harbor 1.6 million in the Army
internment of Japanese-Americans
March 1942 close to 120000 Japanese-Americans rounded up and confined
into camps
were placed in camps to avoid sabotage
wartime agencies

1940 industry emerging from depression


1942 us production equal to Germany and Japan combined
1944 doubled it during World War 1 the government control the economy
to maximize production
full employment inflation occurred
role of women and minorities
1945 258000 woman worth serving and Armed Forces 18 million were part
of the workforce
minorities
about 1 million African Americans served in World War 2
African Americans served in segregated units in early stages of World War
II
African Americans migrated to industrial cities over 500,000 Latino served
and we're not segregated
Conservation and rationing
Rationing was used to assure availability of scarce items to all citizens
individuals receive coupons for a share of the rations items us Ellie's
needed everything they could get
American strategy
Get Hitler first
if Germany won and year of us would face aggressor Nations alone
second front
Russians wanted a second front in Europe
wanted to invade lands held by Axis Powers
instead July 1942 allies invaded North Africa
invasion of North Africa
Germany Led by desert fox General Erwin Rommel
British led by General Bernard Montgomery
Montgomery's Army broke through Rommels Africa korps November 4th
1942
US and British forces from West and North November 8th 1942
invasion of Italy
July 10th 1943 -250000 US and British troops land and Sicilian coastlines
Germans- escaped to the Italian Mainland
Italians sick of with Mussolini forced to resign
Allied troops tied up thousands of German troops weaken them
everywhere
Control of the air
British and US forces heavily bombed Germany but use different
strategies
British saturation bombing- Bombed whole areas
US pinpoint bombing attack in daylight could set Focus bombs on crucial
factories
attack on the European continent
D-Day
US Great Britain's invasion of France
objective second front in Europe

directed by American General Dwight D Eisenhower supreme commander


of Allied Forces in Western Europe
June 6th 1944 D-Day invasion begins
conditions needed low tide Half Moon good weather warning Invasion
allies achieved at actual surprise; Landings for Success
Secured beaches one of the greatest achievements of the War
Generals Montgomery and Eisenhower led Allied Forces through Europe
towards Germany
Reconquest of France
by the end of July 1944 the Allies controlled 1500 square miles of France
Paris liberated on August 25th 1944
by mid-September all of France had been cleared of Germans
FDR elected for fourth term
World War II taking its toll on FDR's Health
Battle of Germany
December 16th Battle of the Bulge
Germany final bid to break the allies Germans penetrated 60 miles
creating a bulge in the Allied lines
foul weather aided the Germans
Patton and Montgomery stopped the advancing of Germans
by the end of January the Bulge was pinched off
Germany loses 120000 of their best men
The war in the Pacific
extent of Japanese Conquest
controlled 4500 miles area of the Pacific
Allied policy in the Pacific active defense
island hopping
General MacArthur and Admiral Nimitz commanders of Allied Forces in the
Pacific
the Allies invaded the Strategic Islands bypassed Others
May 30th 1942 Battle of Coral Sea result: draw
first naval battle where the opposing ships never saw one another
June 4th 1942 Battle of Midway US Victory
August 7th 1942 Battle of Guadalcanal US Victory
Our troops first exposure to land battle with the Japanese
The fighting was fierce and brutal the Japanese would not surrender
October 20th 1944 the conquest of the Philippines begins
led by Mac authors us coaches the Japanese Knox their way it may be out
of the war
February to March 1945 Iwo Jina US Victory operation detachment
Goal secure Airfield
heavy losses 6821 us deaths
March 9th to 10th Tokyo firebombing- operation Meetinghouse
Target industrial sites but was very populated area
utilized 334 B-29 Superfortress airplanes
10000 died in attack, 1 million homeless

April to June 1945 Okinawa US Victory brutal fighting Japan considered it a


home base
12513 Americans died
within Striking Distance of Japan Victory is in sight
the atomic bomb
developed after the Germans and Italians surrendered
Manhattan Project Potsdam declaration ultimatum allies wanted to warn
the Japanese the alternative to surrender is prompt and utter destruction
August 6th 1945 a bomb dropped in Hiroshima
August 9th 1945 a bomb dropped in Nagasaki
V-J Day August 14th 1945

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