RichardBennett

Math1080

26March2016

Withthisprojectwearegoingtowalkthroughtheprocessofderivingtheforceequitation
withsprings.Usingtheformula
x(t) = v0
w SIN(wt) + x0COS(wt)
x(t)=positionofweightat(t)=timev
=initialvelocity
0
w=(weightmass)(springresistance)x
=initialposition
0

Supposeaweightissetinmotionfromaposition7centimeters
belowtheequilibriumpositionandwithadownwardvelocityof30
centimeterspersecond.(Pleasenotethattheverticalnumberline
usedforpositionisupsidedown.Thisisaconventionfromphysics
anditmeansthatpositionbelowequilibriumactuallycorrespondtoa
positivevalue.)Assumethattheconstantforthespringstiffnessand
massoftheweightis=5forthissystem.

Part1

y = 30
=RED
y = 7COS(5t)
=BLUE
5 SIN(5t)
Writeanequationforyourcalculatorgraphintheformx(t)=Acos[B(tC)].(Usethe
maximumfeatureofyourgraphingutilitytohelpyoufindvaluesforA,B,andC.Roundvaluesto
fourdecimalplaces.CarefullylabelthepointsonthegraphthatyouusedtodetermineA,B,andC.

ExplainhowyouusedthesepointstodetermineA,B,andC.

y = 7sin(5x) + 7cos(5x)

5)Writeanequationforyourcalculatorgraphintheforx(t)=Acos[B(tC)].(Usethemaximumfeatureofyour
graphingutilitytohelpyoufindvaluesforA,B,andC.Roundthevaluestofourdecimalplaces.Carefullylabelthe
pointsonthegraphthatyouusedtodetermineA,B,andC.ExplainhowyouusedthesepointstodetermineA,B,
andC.

A=9.899.Aisfoundbyfindingthemaximumvalueofy.
B= 5 .Bisfoundbysubtractingthelesservalueofxbythegreatervalueofxforoneperiodofthe
wave.
C= 20 .Cisfoundbydeterminingtheshiftinthegraph.

)]
x(t) = 9.899cos[(5)(t 20

6)Howarethegraphsinpart2)relatedtothegraphinpart3)?Arethevaluesforamplitude,period,frequency,and
phaseshiftthesameordifferent?Whydoyouthinkyouareseeingtheseresults?Pleasewriteoutyourexplanation
incompletesentences.

Thecombinationofthetwographsinpart2)makethegraphforpart3).Thevalueforperiodandfrequency
arethesamebutthevalueforamplitudeishigherbecauseitaddsthe2graphstogethergivingitahigher

highandlowerlow.Italsohasaphaseshiftof 20
.Thephaseshiftcanbeaccountedforbytakinginto
accountthehighermaximumofthegraph.Thenormalgraphofcosinestartsat(0,7)andsodoesthenew
graph,butthenewgraphgoeshigherthanthenormalgraph,givingitaphaseshift.

Part2

Supposewehavetwopositivemeasurements

and.Whyisitalwayspossibletodraw
arighttrianglewithlegshavingthesetwomeasurements?Howwouldyoucalculate
A?


Itispossibletoalwaysdrawarighttrianglewith
theselegs(c
,c
)becausetheyarethe
1
2
measurementsthatmakeupthetherightangle.
ThesecanalsobethoughtofastheX(c
)andY
2
(c
)axes.WecancalculateAbysimplyusingthe
1
PythagoreanTheorem a2 + b2 = c2 inthecaseofthe

giventrianglea=c
andb=c
.
1
2

Opposite
Findsin theta = Hypotenuse
=

A (c )
SolveforC
= A (c )

C1

=
1
A SolveforC

Adjacent
Findcos theta = Hypotenuse
= C2
A
C1
Findtan theta =
Opposite
Adjacent = C2

Find theta =
tan1( c12 )
FindAand theta giventhatC
=4andC
=2
1
2
2
2
A = 4 + 2 = 20 A= 25 or4.4721
theta = tan1( 42 ) = 63.43

FindAand theta giventhatC

=6andC
=5
1
2
2
2

A = 6 + 5 = 61 7.81
theta = tan1( 65 ) = 50.19

Part3

1)
ifAsin sin(wt)+Acos cos(wt)=Acos(wt )
Thend(p
,p
)=d(q
,q
)thedistanceformulacanbe
1
1
1
2
usedtoverify.

[cos(s + t) 1] + [sin(s + t) 0] =
t

(cost coss) + (sint + sins) Havingsubstituted

2

2)

for and
s
forwt.

3)squaringbothsidesandexpandingweget
cos2(s + t) 2cos(s + t) + 1 + sin2(s + t) =
{}{}

2
2
2
2
cos t 2cos(s)cos(t) + cos (s) + sin (t) + 2sin(s)sin(t) + sin (s)
{}{}{}{}

4)usingPythagoreanidentities,weknowthattheaboveunderlinedwith{}=1,sowehave
2 2cos(s + t) = 2 2cos(s)cos(t) + 2sin(s)sin(t)

5)Bysubtracting2frombothsidesanddividingby2,weget cos(s + t) = cos(s)cos(t) sin(s)sin(t)

6)Replacing
t
with
t
gives cos(s t) = cos(s + ( t))
= cos(s)cos(t) sin(s)sin(t)

7)Applyingevenoddidentitiesgives cos(s)cos(t) + sin(s)sin(t)

8)resubstituting for
t
and
wt
for
s
,wehave cos(wt)cos sin(wt)sin = cos(wt )whichcanbe

multipliedbyAtogive

Asinsin(wt) + Acoscos(wt) = Acos(wt )

Part4

Originalfunction: y = 7sin(5x) + 7cos(5x)

Newfunction: y = 9.899sin(7)sin(5x) + 9.899cos(7)cos(5x)
Newfunction: y = 9.899cos(5x 7)
Newfunction: y = 9.899cos[5(t 20 )]

Itcanbeobservedthatthefunctionsarequitesimilar(forexample,theyallkeepthe
sameamplitudeandusethenumbers5and7),withminordifferences.Ifwegraphthe
fourequations,itcanbeobservedthattheyareexactlyidentical.

Part5
Harmonicmotioncanbeusedtoboostradiowavesandmicrowavestoincrease
theamountofenergyproducedperwave.Harmonicmotionwaspreviouslyand
sometimesisstillusedinclocksandallobjectsthatswing.Understandingthekey
factorsofharmonicmotionlikeamplitudefrequencyandperiodhelpensurethatthe
mostisretrievedfromtheharmonicmotionwithaslittleputinaspossible.Thisproject
didnotchangemyopiniononapplyingtrigonometryintherealworld.Themainreason
beingIhavetakencalculusandhaveaprettygoodtrigbackground.Iusetrigalot
surprisinglyinthegamesIplayandcreate