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lim x n = +
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lim f (x ) = l
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)
lim V x = 0 x x 0
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l l'
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lim f (x )
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x b
lim+ f (x ) ; f (b )
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lim f (x ) ; lim+ f (x )
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lim f (x ) ; f (a )
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lim+ f (x ) ; lim f (x )
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x x0
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x 0 u f #t!/-D. x 0 C4UPr0/a f #^n@ ,s#^,-
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f (x ) f (x 0 )
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x x0
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x x0
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x x0
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f 'g (x 0 ) W! j! x 0 a ^f #ep(#^,- "]Z.

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x 0 a4O- f OTU x 0 (#a6 /%* g f (c 8S&
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f (x )
f (x )
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x
1
x
xr
1
1
x
rx r 1
sin x
cos x
1
2 x
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u
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I
3 d^#- f x I
f (x ) 0
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x I
f ' (x ) 0
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x I
f ' (x ) = 0
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lim
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lim [ f (x ) (ax + b )] = 0
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y =a
u
lim f (x ) =
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y = ax + b
u

x a
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x x
lim
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x x
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u
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I 3 dw f (I ) 3 d=U!(+</- f OTU
f 1 W! C!
f 1 (y ) = x
f (x ) = y
I
y f (I )
x I
( f 1 f )(x ) = x
y f (I )
WLM
( f f 1 )(y ) = y
W(YN((_

I 3 2^ 0g<-4 (f =
I 3 d!=4 y f (I ) 3 d!=4 x =
f 1 (x ) = y f (y ) = x WD ~U @5
f (I ) = x !4+ f 1 (x ) V> x 5# y ##n
W(41
I 3 2^ 0g<-4 (f c 8S&
f (I ) 3 d^4 f 1 #OTU
W(S7
I 3 2^ 0g<-4 (f =
y0 = f (x 0 ) f (I ) 3 d!=4 x 0 =
f ' (x 0 ) 0 x 0 a6 /%* g f c 8S&
y 0 a6 /%* g f 1 #OTU
'
( f 1 ) (y 0 ) =
1

f ' (x 0 )
W #
I 3 2^ 0g<-4 (f =

I 3 d^#-5 f /p (" I 3 d+6 /%* g f c 8S&
f (I ) 3 d^6 /%* g f 1 #OTU
x f (I )
'
( f 1 ) (x ) = f ' f 11 (x )
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I 3 2^ 0g<-4 (f =
f #KV-^nG C f 1 #
W(Q#/0
I 3 2^ 0g<-4 (f =
oJ# oa f 1 f L#O <O*E,
o,314,< O*) ,
W6I).
C f 1 ^n
A ' (b, a ) C f 1

/UP /+</
y = a Wj(
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x = b Wj(
1
a
b
a
( )
C f ^n

y = x + Wj( * /+</

Wg* =g*0 (##yo
x = ay + b
Eq J14PF @ J+</
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y = ax + b Wj(
Eq J14PF @ J+</
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n
x x
(x ; y ) 2+
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x = y x = yn
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x = 2x
x 3tZ;^, 3 x W(#
( )
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n
(m; n ) *
(x ; y ) 2+
x n y = n x y
(n x )m = n x m
x
x
=n
ny
y
=
n *
xn = x
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nmx
WNH
(y 0)
nm x
x =ny x =y
x >ny x >y
W6I).
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x y
3
x + 3 x 3 y + 3 y
x 3y =
x y =
x y
x+ y
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WD. f #1!-,2
WD ,8U! f #
D f = [0; +[
f (x ) = n x
D f = {x / x Du u (x ) 0}
f (x ) = n u (x )
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lim
x x0
lim u (x )
n u (x )
x x0
l0
+
l
+
#P + #P ^x 0 #PL, ^x 0 # >^/<- "]Z.
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+ ^4 x n x #

I 3 2Û! (u =

I 3 d^4 x n u (x ) #OTU I 3 2^4< (u c 8S&
WS7J
I 3 2Û! (u =
]0;+[ 3 d^6 /%* g x n x #
I 3 2^6 /%* g 0g< (u c 8S&

I 3 d^6 /%* g x n u (x ) #OTU
x I
u (x )
) =
u (x )
n n [u (x )]n 1
W #
(n x ) =
x ]0; +[
W #
1
n
n x
(a ) x
DX(# n
n 1
x n = a W+#/)
v(!U(# n
S = {n a ; n a }
S = {0}
S = {n a }
S = {0}
S =
S = {n a }
a >0
a=0
a <0
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q * p * WM$#K? Z(# r =
p
=
q
x ]0, +[
x = xq = xp
WI).
1
xn
(r *)
nx =
x ]0; +[
WD ,8U! x D//$KV f (#(1!-,2
f (x ) = [u (x )]r
Df = {x / x Du u (x ) > 0} WD.
(n u (x ) ) = (u (x ))n
1
1
u ' (x ) [u (x )]n 1
n
* = r r =!4+ *+ = y x =!4+

x r x r ' = x r +r '
(x y ) = x y
r
x
= x r r
x r
r'
(x r ) = x rr '
x = x r
y
y

17
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x
r'
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un +1 = q un
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q @. q
un = u p q n p

q @. r
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(p n )
1! #
(p n )
q n p +1 1
u p + ... + un = u p
n p +1 1 (#$:,2
q 1 u + ... + u = u q
p
n
p
q 1
(q
1)
c b a
(#$)*)
2b = a + c
b = a c

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M (# < (un )n I n I
un M
m (# V4 (un )n I n I
un m
(#7 (un )n I V4< (un )n I
W+(81

(# (un )n I =
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un +1 un
#- (un )n I n I
un +1 un
) (un )n I n I
un +1
18
= un
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lim n = 0
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n +
n +
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q 1
(q n )
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1 < q < 1
lim q n = 0
n +
q =1
q >1
lim q n = 1 lim q n = +
n +
n +
W^7b+
/ D.<#- +8
/ D.V44g - +8
vn un wn
lim vn = l lim un = l
n
n +
lim vn = l
n +
un l vn
lim u = l
lim vn = 0 n n
n +
un vn
un vn
lim u = +
lim vn = + n + n
n +
lim u =
lim vn = n + n
n +
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WD ,8U!( un ) Y
u0 = a

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W4;D(Nc4(

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WO O h!pe/yS&
I 3 d^6 /%* g F
x I
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3 dZ.^>P(+</-3 2^4(+8
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WOTU I 3 d ^f #>P (F c 8S&
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x F (x ) + k
(k )
I 3 2^>P(+</-(# (f =

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I 3 d ^f + g #>P (F + G
I 3 d ^kf #>P (kF
20
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f (x )
F (x )
a
ax + k
1
x + k
2
1
+k
x
x
1
x
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24

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