CrosswordPuzzleWorksheet

Thefollowingisinformationthatcanhelpyoucompletethecrosswordpuzzle.Inaddition,a
layoutofthepuzzleandthecorrespondingcluesareincludedattheendofthedocument.

History
Duringtheearly1900's,thesevenstatessharingtheColoradoRiverBasinArizona,California,
Nevada,NewMexico,Wyoming,Colorado,andUtahdebatedforsharesofColoradoRiverwater.
In1922,representativesfromthesevenstatesandtheUnitedStatesgovernmentcreatedthe
ColoradoRiverCompact,whichdividedthestatesintoupperandlowerbasins.Eachbasinhad7.5
millionacrefeetofwaterannuallytosplitamongstthemselves.Arizona,California,andNevada
compromisethelowerbasinandwereresponsibleforsplittingthe7.5millionacrefeetallotment.
InterstatepoliticalandlegaldisagreementsoverColoradoRiverwaterdominatedtherelationship
amonglowerbasinstatesthroughoutthenext22years.Arizonawasthelaststatetoapprovethe
compactin1944,ensuring2.8millionacrefeetofwaterperyearforthestate.TheBoulder
CanyonProjectActof1928providesCaliforniawith4.4millionacrefeetofwaterperyearand
Nevadawithanannualallocationof300,000acrefeet.
In1946,theCentralArizonaProjectAssociationwasformedtoeducateArizonansabouttheneed
forCAPandtolobbyCongresstoauthorizeitsconstruction.Twentytwoyearslater,in1968,
PresidentLyndonB.JohnsonsignedabillapprovingconstructionofCAP.Thebillprovidedforthe
DepartmentoftheInterior'sBureauofReclamationtoconstructCAP.Later,alocalentityhadto
beformedtorepaythefederalgovernmentforcertaincostsofconstructionwhenthesystemwas
complete.
In1971,theCentralArizonaWaterConservationDistrictwascreatedtoprovideameansfor
Arizonatorepaythefederalgovernmentforthereimbursablecostsofconstruction.Itnow,
managesandoperatesCAP.ConstructionbeganatLakeHavasuin1973andwascompleted20
yearslaterin1993,southofTucson.Theentireprojectcostmorethan$4billion.Morerecently
NewWaddellDamwasconstructedfrom1985to1992tostorewaterfromtheColoradoRiverand
runofffromtheAguaFriaRiver.Hydroelectricpowerisgeneratedwhenwaterisreleasedfrom
LakePleasantthroughthedam.
AboutCAP
InmanyareasofArizona,peoplepumpmorewaterfromthegroundthannaturecanreplenish,so
CentralArizonaProject(CAP)wasbuilttohelpconservegroundwatersupplies.CAP'saqueduct
systemis336mileslonganddelivers1.5millionacrefeetofwatertoitscustomersinMaricopa,
PimaandPinalcountiesannually.CentralArizonaProjecthasmorethan80customerswhichfall
intothreegroups:municipal,agricultural,andIndianusers.Agricultureusesabouteightypercent

ofthewaterresourcesinArizona.CAPsvisionincludesdeliveringitsfullallocationofColorado
Riverwater,2.8millionacrefeettocentralArizonareliably,costeffectivelyandinan
environmentallysoundmannerwiththehighestregardforemployeesafetyandhealth,evolving
publicneedsandcustomersatisfaction.

CAPisthemanagerofArizona'ssinglelargestrenewablewatersupplyandisgovernedbya15
memberBoardofDirectors.BoardmembersarepopularlyelectedfromMaricopa(10),Pima(4),
andPinal(1)countiesandmeetregularlyonceamonth.CAP'sdaytodayoperationsaremanaged
bymorethan400peoplewhoareresponsibleforsystemmaintenanceandoperations,repayment
obligations,andcreatingwaterresourcemanagementprogramsforArizona.

TheentireCAPsystemisoperatedfromtheControlCenterattheCAPheadquartersinnorth
Phoenix.CAP'sstateoftheartcomputerandcommunicationssystem,aSupervisoryControland
DataAcquisition(SCADA)system,allowsCAPtoremotelyoperatetheentiresystem.Thissystem
usesredundantserversandworkstationsandlinksallCAPcomponents.Thesystemscansthe
entirelengthoftheaqueductevery2seconds,relayinginformationbacktotheControlCenter.
TheControlCenterisstaffed24hoursperday,7daysperweek.

TheCAPwaterintakeatHavasuislocatedinabaylikefeaturethatisthemouthoftheBill
WilliamsRiver.CAPthenmoveswaterthroughthesystembyliftingthewaterusingpumping
plantsandthenreleasingthewatertoflowthroughthecanalbygravity.Thepowertooperate
CAPspumpingplantscomesprimarilyfromtheNavajoGeneratingStation.CAPstoreswaterin
LakePleasant,fillingthelakeduringthewintermonthsandreleasingwaterduringthedry,hot
summergeneratinghydroelectricity.Thelakelevelfluctuates75feetinanaverageyear.

Ecology&Conservation
Dammingriversandtakingwateroutofriversforagricultureandcitiesdoescauseenvironmental
change.CentralArizonaProjecthastriedtodowhateveritcantolessentheimpactofthesystem
ontheenvironment.Forinstance,beforeCAPwasconstructedmanyarchaeologicalandbiological
studieswereconductedtoidentifyanimalmigrationpatterns.Bridgeswerebuiltintheplaces
identifiedsodeer,kitfoxesanddeserttortoisescangetacross.

Sixfoothighfencesalsohavebeenbuiltalongthecanaltokeeppeopleandlargeanimalssafe
fromdrowning.Wildlifewateringsiteswerealsobuiltawayfromthecanal.Constructionnearbald
eaglenestswasscheduledtoavoidnestingseason.Cactiandothernativeplantsweresavedand
movedfromconstructionsitestocreatewildlifehabitatinotherplacesinthedesert.Insteadof
chemicals,CAPstockstheaqueductwithalgaeeatingfishratherthanusingchemicalstocleanthe
canal.Additionally,tocleangrassoutoftherechargebasins,goatsareusedtoeatgrassand
weedswhichwouldotherwiseimpedeflowofwaterintotheground.Insomeplaces,vegetableoil
isusedinsteadofpetroleumbasedoiltolubricatemachinerywhichcomesintodirectcontactwith
water.

Waterconservationinthekitchencanstartwithrunningthedishwasheronlywhenitisfull.This
practicecansaveahousehold1020gallonsofwateraday.Outdoors,savingsofwatercanresult
fromsweepingsidewalksanddrivewaysinsteadofhosingthemdown.Thefollowingshowshow
muchwaterisusedduringcommon,dailyhouseholdactivities.

ACROSS

1 CAP stores water underground in depleted aquifers in a process called recharge. To clean grass
out of the recharge basins, CAP uses _______________ which eat grass and weeds which would
otherwise impede flow of water into the ground.
6 While six of the seven states which share the Colorado River signed the Colorado River Compact
in 1922, _______________ did not sign it until 1944.
7 CAP delivers water from the Colorado River to Maricopa, _______________ and Pima counties.
9 Water conservation in the kitchen can start with running the _______________ only when it is
full. This practice can save a household 10-20 gallons of water a day.
11 Central Arizona Project has more than 80 customers which fall into three groups: municipal and
industrial, _______________, and Indian users.
12 Construction of CAP took _______________ years, from 1973-1993.
14 Outdoors, savings of water can result from _______________ sidewalks and driveways instead
of hosing them down.
15 CAP stocks the aqueduct with _______________ eating fish rather than using chemicals to
clean the canal.

DOWN
2 CAPs SCADA system uses redundant servers and workstations and links all CAP components.
The system scans the entire length of the aqueduct every two _______________, relaying
information back to the Control Center so operators can operate the entire system remotely.
3 The Colorado River Compact divided the _______________ states which share the river into two
basins. Arizona, California, and Nevada make up the lower basin states.
4 CAP is the manager of Arizona's single largest _______________ water supply.
5 CAPs vision includes delivering its full allocation of Colorado River water to central Arizona
reliably, cost effectively and in an environmentally sound manner with the highest regard for
employee safety and health, evolving public needs and customer _______________.
7 CAP generates hydroelectricity when releasing water from its storage reservoir, Lake
_______________.
8 To protect the environment, CAP uses _______________ oil instead of petroleum-based oil to
lubricate machinery which comes into direct contact with water.
10 Before CAP was constructed many archaeological and biological studies were conducted to
identify animal migration patterns. _______________ were built in the places identified so deer, kit
foxes and desert tortoises can get across.
13 Agriculture uses about _______________ percent of the water resources in Arizona.
16 New Waddell Dam was constructed from 1985 to 1992 to store water from the Colorado River
and runoff from the _______________ Fria River. Hydroelectric power is generated when water is
released from Lake Pleasant through the dam.