Antimic Bioche cultur Micros Labora pathog Bacteri

robial
mical
e
copic
tory
enicity
a
sensitiv tests
exami diagno
ity
nation
sis
penicilli 1Chocol Gram CSF Pyogeni Niesseri
n
Oxidas ate
Ve
c
a
e + Ve blood dipioc
meningi meningi
2agar
occi
tides
tidis
Utilize ( trans ( intra
( heada
:
parent cellula
cheGlucos or
r in
vomitin
egrey
pus
g- stiff
maltos coloni cells )
neck )
e
es
incuba
tion in

Resista
nt to
penicilli
n

1Oxidas
e + Ve
2Utilize
:
glucos
e only

CO2
1Modif
ed
New
York
City
( MNY
C)
2Thayer
martin
( trans
parent
or
grey

Gram
Ve
dipioc
occi
( intra
cellula
r in
pus
cells )

Uretha
l&
cervic
al
exuda
tesurine
eye
swab

Gonorrh Niesseri
oeae
a
gonorrh
( sexual
oeae
transmi
tted)
acute
conjunc
tivitis in
infants
of
mother
with
Gonorrh
oeae

coloni
es )
1- Gram Negative cocci

2- Gram Positive cocci

Antim Bioche
icrobi mical
al
tests
sensi
tivity

culture

Micr
osco
pic
exam
inati
on
1- All 1-Blood
Gram
staph agar
+Ve
ylococ ( yellow to in
ci are cream
clust
catala colonies
er
se +
some
( gra
Ve
strains
pe
2betalike
coagul haemolytic cluse
ase
2r)
+Ve
macConkey
3agar (small

Labor pathog
atory enicity
diagn
osis

Bact
eria

Pus
skin
swab
sputu
m
CSF
blood

Faece
s
vomit

Stap
hyloc
occu
s
aure
us

Pneumo
nia
impetig
o
wound
infectio
n
osteom
yelitis
food
poisoni
ng due

species

Haemoly Sensitivi
CAMP
Aesculin
sis
ty to
Hydrolysi
Bacitrac
s
in
Streptococc
Beta
sensitiv negative negative
us
e
pyogenes
Group A
Strepotococ
Beta
resistan positive negative
cus
t
agalactiae
Group B
Strepotococ
Non
resistan negative positive
cus Fecalis haemoly
t
Group D
tic

3- Aerobic and facultative anaerobic Gram negative

Bacilli
Bioche
mical
tests
1-

culture

1- Blood agar

Micros
copic
exami
nation
Gram

Labor pathoge Bact

atory
nicity
eria
diagn
osis
Urine UTI
E.

indole :
+ Ve
2motilit
y : +Ve
3- MR :
+Ve
4nitrare
: +Ve
IMVC
++--

( some strains are Ve

haemolytic
motile
2- MacConkey :
rods
pink colonies due
to lactose
fermentation
3- CLED : yellow
colonies due to
lactose
fermentation
4- XLD : yellow
color
5- DCA : growth
inhibited
6- EMB : black
colonies with

pus

faece
s
CSF blood

wound
infectio
n
meningi
tis
bactera
emia in
neonate
sdiarrhea

coli

metallic shine
6- KIA : yellow
butt yellow slant
produce Acid &
gas
11- blood agar :
citrate large grey white
: +Ve
mucoid colonies
22- macConkey :
urease: mucoid pink
+Ve
colonies due to
3- MR: lactose
+Ve/fermentation
Ve
3- CLED : yellow
4- Vp : colonies due to
+Ve/lactose

Gram
Ve non
motile
capsul
ated
rods

Urine
pus

sputu
m

Chest
Kleb
infectio siella
n
pneu
(bronch moni
opneum
a
onia
abscess
es ) UTI

Ve
5nitrate
: +Ve
IMVC
--++
1urease
: +Ve
2- PPA:
+ve
3motilit
y : +Ve
4Citrate

fermentation
6- KIA : yellow
butt yellow slant
produce Acid &
gas
1-bloodagar :
fshy odour
swarming
2- MacConkey &
XLD: swarming
inhibited due to
bile salts
3- CLED :
swarming
inhibited due

Gram Urinr UTI

Prote
-Ve
pus ( Alkalin
us
pleom
e)
mira
orphic
abdomi
bilis
rods
nal &
activel
wound
y
infectio
motile
n

: +Ve

electrolyte
defcient
4- KIA : yellow
butt red slant
produce gas &
H2S

1-KSA :
a- Pink
( alkali
ne )
slope &
yellow
( acid )
butt
indicati

1-blood culture
( blood Columbia
agar
- diphasic medium
)
2- blood agar
( subculture ):gre
y- white some
strains appear

Gram
-Ve
rods
activel
y
motile
nonsporin
g

1- for
enteri
c
fever
( bloo
dfaece
surine

1Enteric
fever
( typhoi
d&
paratyp
hoid )
2enteroc

salm
onell
a

ng
fermen
tation
of
glucos
e not
lactose
bproduc
e gas
except
S.
typhi
cproduc
e H2S

mucoid
except )
3- XLD(selective
S.
2- for
media ):pink color typhi
enter
with black center
ocolit
due to H2S
is
4- MacConkey &
( faec
DCA : pale color
es
with black center
blood
)
3- for
bacte
raemi
a
( bloo
d)

olitis
3Bactera
emia

except
S.
paraty
phi A
2citrate
: +Ve
except
S.
paraty
phi A
3- MR:
+Ve
IMVC
-+-+
4-

Widal
test
(O&H
antibo
dies )
1-KIA :
pink
(alkalin
e)
slope &
yellow(
acid )
butt
indicati
ng
fermen

Selective media
Gram
1-XLD: red-pink
-Ve
colonies without
black center
2-MacConkey &
DCA: pale color
due to non
lactose
fermentation
S. sonnei produce
pink color on

1fresh
faeca
l
speci
men
2trans
port
medi
um

Bacillar Shig
y
ella
dysente
ry or
shigello
sistransmi
ssion by
faecal
oral
route

tation prolonged
of
incubation
glucos
e not
lactose
no
H2S
produc
tion
2- MR:
+ve
1Catalas
e : +ve
2- MR:

Optimum temp.
27C ( culture
should be
incubated at room

for
delay
ed
faeca
l
speci
men

Small
Gram
Ve
coccob

Bubo
aspir
atessputu

Plague ( Yersi
Bubonic nia

pesti
pneumo
s

+ve

temp.)
1-blood agar:
small shiny non
haemolytic
colonies after 2448hr.
2-macConkey
:very small
translucent pink
after 24-48hr.
( non lactose
fermentation but
it take up red dye
of indicator in the
medium )

acillus m
blood
capsul
ated
show
bipolar
stainin
g with
methyl
ene
blue,
Giems
a

nic
septicae
mic
Transimi
ssion :
1infected
fleas
(Xenops
ylla )
from
rats or
domesti
c
animals
( dogs,c

ats )
2inhaling
organis
ms in
airborn
droplets
1oxidas
e : +Ve
2Citrate
: + Ve
3oxidati

1- blood agar:
large flat
spreading
colonies often are
haemolytic
2-macConkey :
pale color due to
NLF

Gram
Ve
motile
rod
some
strains
are
capsul

Pus
urinesputu
meffusi
ons blood

Opportu
nistic
hospital
acquire
d
infectio
n
1-skin

Pseu
dom
onas
aeru
ginos
a

onfermen
tation
test :
Yellow
color
( in
oxidati
ve
opened
tube )

3- CLED : geen
color due to NLF
3- KIA : pink-red
slope with
metallic
appearance
pink-red butt

atedobligat
ory
aerobi
c
Produc
e
pigme
nt
a- blue
geen
byellow
green

infectio
n
( burn,
wound,u
lcers )
2- UTI
( followi
ng
catheriz
ation )
3Respirat
ory
tract
infectio
n

4- ear
infectio
n (otitis
externa)
5- eye
infectio
n
1oxidas
e : +Ve
2indole :
+ Ve

Grow best in
alkaline pH
1- TCBS
( selective
media ):sucrose
fermenting yellow
colonies
2- KIA: red slope

Gram
Ve
curved
rods
motile
( with
single
flagell

Faeca rice
Vibri
l
water
o
speci stool
chole
men
ra
( entero
toxin
activate
s

and yellow butt

3- blood agar :
often produce
beta haemolytic
colonies

um at
one
end )

adenyla
te
cyclase
within
intestin
e result
in
secretio
n of
large
fluid &
electrol
ytes
transmi
ssion by
faecal

1catalas
e : +Ve
2oxidas
e : +Ve
3urease
: +Ve

B rucella is
difficult to isolate
& it more isolated
from blood in
acute brucellosis
during time of
fever
1- tryptone soya
(tryptic soy )
diphasic medium :
B. abortus
requiring CO2 &
keep for weeks
with subculture

Small
Gram
Ve
coccob
acilli
or
short
rods

1Blood
or
bone
marr
ow in
acute
stage
2seru
m for
serol
ogy

oral
routes
Brucello Bruc
sis or
ella
undulan
t fever
( zoonot
ic
disease
)

every few days

2- serum dextrose
agar :
smooth,mucoid,ro
ugh colony
3- B. abortus & B.
suis produce H2S
1Grow best moist
Oxidas CO2 & media
e:+Ve contain haemin &
2NAD
Nitrate ( factor X ) or
reducti NADP ( factor V )
on :
1-chocolate agar
+Ve
2- satellitism
test : S. aureus in

Small
Gram
Ve
coccob
acillus
or
short
rod

CSFnasop
haryn
geal
speci
mens
pus

blood

1pyogeni
c
(purulen
t)
meningi
tis in
young
children

Hae
mop
hilus
influ
enza
e

blood agar
produce factor V
& haemin
released by
haemolysin
enhance growth
of H. influenza

( spe
cimen
s
must
be
cultur
ed as
soon
as
possi
ble &
not
refrig
erate
d)

below 5
years
old
2pneumo
nia
(adult )
3- acute
epiglotti
tis
( fatal
airway
obstruct
ion )
4cellulitis

Oxidas Strict aerobic

e : +Ve ( specimens must
be cultured as
soon as possible )
1- Charcoal
cephalexin blood
agar ( selective &
enrichment media
) : incubated for
2-6 days in CO2
moist aerobically
produce small
mercury like
mucoid colonies
1Strictly
oxidas microaerophilic

Small
capsul
ated
Gram
Ve
cocoba
cillus

Naso
phary
ngeal
secre
tion
collec
ted
by
( singl
aspir
y or in
ation
chains
)

Whoopi
ng
cough

Bord
etell
a
pertu
( infecti
ssis
on of
mucosa
of upper
respirat
ory
tract )

Spirall Diarr
y
heal

Enteritis camp
watery yloba

e : +Ve
2catalas
e : +Ve
3- Na
hippur
ate
hydroly
sis :
+Ve

reduired (10%
CO2 )
thermophilic ( 36
43 c )
1- Blood agar :
non haemolytic
droplet like
colonies
2- Butzler virion
medium :
selective media

curved
motile
G-Ve ,
with
faecal
smear
(1%
basic
fuchsi
n)
Appea
r
linked
to
wings
of

feces
conta
in
blood
,pus,
mucu
s

diarrhea cter
or
dysente
ry
( main
source
are
unpaste
urized
milk
fecal
oral
route )

1oxidas
e : +Ve
2catalas
e : +Ve
3urease
: +Ve

Microaerophilic
required CO2
( grow slowly
forming grey
translucent
colonies within 37 days
1- blood agar :
slightly beta
haemolytic

gulls
or "S"
or
comm
a
shape
Small
spiral
or S
shape
G-Ve

Gastr
ic
biops
y
stool
seru
m for
serol
ogy

Chronic Helic
gastritis obac
lead to
ter
ulcerati pylor
on &
i
may
cause
gastric
carcino
ma

4- Anaerobic Gram Negative Bacteria

1They
fermen
t wide
ranges
of
carboh
ydrate
s
( gluco

Strict anaerobic
they fastidious
they require
media containing
blood &
menadione ( vit. K
)
1- blood agar ;
grey , non
haemolytic

G-Ve
rods
pleom
orophi
c

Pus
exud
atesinfect
ion
tissu
eblood

Abdomi
nal
infectio
n
( particu
larly
followin
g
surgery

Bact
eroid
es
fragil
is

se
colonies
maltos
e
lactose
)
2Aesculi
n
hydroly
sis :
+Ve
3- can
grow in
20 %
Bile
toleran

)
peritoni
tis
gynaeco
logical
infectio
ns
( puerpe
ral
sepsis )lung ,
cerebral
abscess
es soft
tissue
infectio

t test

ns

5- Anaerobic Gram positive spore forming bacilli

Gas

Clost

gangren ridiu
e
m
( mycon perfr
ecrosis ) inge
food
ns
poisonin
g
Tetanus Clost
( lockridiu
jaw ) ,
m
fatal
tetan
disease
i
caused
by
neuroto

xin
Fatal
food
poisonin
g cause
paralysi
s
( botulis
m)
Antibiot
ic
associat
ed
diarrhea
( pseud
omembr

Clost
ridiu
m
botul
inum

Clost
ridiu
m
diffic
ile

anous
colitis )

6-Facultative anaerobic Gram positive spore forming

bacilli
Anthrax Bacill

( cutane
us
ous
anthr
pulmon
acis
ary
mening
oenceph
alitis )
by
herbivor
e as
sheep,
cattle,
goats
Food
Bacill
poisonin us

g from
infected
rice &
other
cereals

cere
us

7-Facultative anaerobic Gram positive non spore

forming bacilli
Diphthe
ria
( nasal ,
nasopha
ryngeal
,
tonsillar

Cory
neba
cteri
um
dipht
heria
e

diphther
ia ) in
young
children
odema
of neck
grey
yellow
membra
ne , it
can
block
the
passage
of air &
cause

death
Meningi
tis &
septice
mia
mainly
in
( neonat
e,
pregnan
t
women ,
elderly
persons

Liste
ria
mon
ocyto
gene
s

8- Spirochetes
Sexual
Trep
transmit one
ted
ma
disease palli
cause
dium
1sexual
acquire
d
Syphilis
2congeni
tal
acquire
d

Syphilis
Leptospi
rosis
( Flulike
illness )
by
infected
animal
urine as
dogs

Lept
ospir
a
inter
roga
ns