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---

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,(!IIC>, nO-HEMELI,KH (Pz9/Pz1 0 MKct> Km,1 peanbHOCTb?) PzKpfw 9/10. GERMAN JS? (myth or reality?)

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The -s-r- high-speed bomber fitted with twin M·1 03 power plan! prior to wind tunnel lest. To tile article on page 12.

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N! 018472 OT 8.02.1999 r.

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Bee MlleH"~ VI T04." 3peH"'~. BblpalKeHHble aBTopaM'" He Dom"Hbl 06~3aTenbH{) cosnaDaTI. c TaKOBblM" Y peAaKll~ "'. M bl He MO)!(SM 6blTb n P" 8Jl8'1 eHoi K OTBeT(;TB6HHQCm aa 11K)· 608 Hapyw~HM aeropcxoro n paaa a STOp aMI'! ~1 I·Ie MO:"8M I1p"I<I1MaTb Jllo6Ylo OTseTCTBeHHOCTb aa norepo I1nl1 yu~ep6, HaHeceHHbl~ asropaMH KOMy-nVlOO •

• POLJGON" Editor: M.Svirin Editorial: p.o. box 45, 125413, Moscow, Russia phone: (095) 453·0228 © Poligon, 1 999

No part of this publication rnay 11e reproduced or transmttted in any lorm or bl' any means, electronic, chemicals optical or mechanical. includinq photocopy, recording. or any informatior1 storage and retrieval svstern, without the prior permission in writing form the editor.

The opinions and views exp resse d by lh e GO I1triburors do no t 118ee ssa rily reflect those of the editor. We can n 0 l be 11el d liable lor any infringement of copyrigl1t by contrioutors and cannot accept any rssponslbility tor 105$ or damage 01 unsolicited contributions.

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COAEPHIAIUIE

B nm1CKAX Onn1MYMA , • , .. , 2

A. /IIeaeB

In SEARCH for the BEST Alexey tssev

PzKpfw 9/10 I-1C nO-HEMEIJ,KI-1? 10

M.CBI1PI1H

PzKpfw 9/10 GERMAN JS? Mikhail Svirin

KPbIJlATbl~ .CnAPTAK" ... _ .... _ . , •.•..•.••. 12 M.MacnOB

WINGED «SPARTAK" Mikhail Maslov

«nEHI-1HrPAAKA" .•......................... 28 M.CBI1PWI

The LEN I NGRAD GUN Mikhail Svirin

1

"AMlopr" HEll ErAnbHOE TOprnpE,lI,MBO .,.,. 32 M. MYXI1N

"AMTORG. Mikhail Muk.hin

"IIAnTl-1.,IJJl~ T-34 ..................•..... 36 M. CBHPI4H

The "SHOES" for the T -34 MiklJail Svirin

c n14CTOnETOM npOTI-1B TAHKA 44

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With a PISTOL AGAINST a TANK Ivan Usytsyn

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2

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COBepIllBHHo l1Ha.H xapruna BhIPI1COBhlBdeTC}!, eClll1 I\lbl paccMO'YpHM l<.a4eC'T'130 aMepHKal-IowEr 6pOHI1. Hal100ll.blllHe H3)<'feHeHHH npereprrex XHMl1'1eCKI1H cocras.

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1-4. 06lJ1,I1B BHAbi HOBoro aMep"KaHcKoro nt'Kenoro TaHKa M·26 BO 'BpeMfi I1CnbITaHH;;; B KyI5I1HKe. 1945 r.

The 5110tS of tile new American M - 26 heavy tank duril1g tests 'in Kublnka. 1945

3

3HAMEHJ.1TO£ OPYlKH£

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4

5. CxeMa 6POHI1pOBaHlIISI aMeplo1.caH'cKoro TSI)I(ellOrO TaHl(a M-26.

Tile M-26 armor arranqernent.

6. BHeWHI1., BI1A HOBoro aMep"KaHCI(OrO cpenaerc 'rauxa M-46 "reHepa,n narroH". 1954 r,

The photographs of the new AmericaIl M-46 Patton meorurn tank, 1954.

7. Kpblwa 11 YCTaHoBKa 3eHI1THO';; nyneMeTHo';; rypenl1 Ha rauxax M-26 11 M-46.

The turret roof ano the AA mount of the M-26 and M-46 tanks.

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5

mill 6e3 yrropa nepez, coeAHHeHI1Hi''lI1 C ynopoxr ONloti AeTwlliHa APyryro He BhIl'IBHM:l. Flpn npnMeH518~'TT>lX B TO BpeMfl TO;\[QHHaJ{ 6pOHl1 06,1 THrra COeAHl-I8TTl1H pa60TilAl1 n pU[\tepHo B oAHHaKOBhIX YCAOBHJIX. nOTOMY. AaHHblrT ejmKT HO.IKHO cxopee OTHeCTH K TeXHOAOrH'IeCKf1M ocotienaoCT~IM, LleM K TeXHH4eCI<HM npemryntecman aMepHKaJ-1 CK liX TaHKOB H ClleAcTE l1eM nrnpo «oro IIpHMeHel:ll1H JU1ThlX AeTaJ\efi.

BTOPOii: OC06el!HOCTblO caapur,ix IDEOB dMep f1 KaUCKoll 6pOH8Tex IlHKM 6hIAO n pH N8HeHHe py'L[HOH C13apKH. ECAII Hil M.1A3 'ldCTb C08/\11118- I'IHH BbllOA.l-JHAaCb dETOMaTH4E!CKlD'j cnocoriosr, TO ace cnapui.te C()eAHHeHl1lI M-26 kl M-46 EbInOIlI·WHhl TOAbKO apy-uryio, A~'IepI1KaHu;aM YAdAOCb AOCTt!'lli BbICOKOH cTa6HAbHOCTH npouecca CBapKH: Tl.lepAOCTb Hilrtlli.llJlI8HHOro Me'l'iM.Ad CBapHbIX ill BO Ii d1'l8pHKaHCK VI x TilHKOB H3~1eJ:J fT-

6

B. AMepI1K3HCK"'-; CpeAHI-1H T3HK M-47 "nanoH - II". 1954 - 55 rr.

Tile M-47 Paltoo II tank. '1954-55

g, CxeMa 60e80ro OTAeneH"" aMepl-1KaHCKI1X TaHKOB M-26 11 M-46.

TI1e battle compartment of the M-26 and M-46 tanks,

10. GxeMa 6poHeKopnyca 8Mepl1KaHcKoro cpenuero TaHK<! M-48 ,.n<!TTOH-III"

nle M-48 Patton III armor arrangement.

11. 06U111" BI1A 8Mep"K<!HcKoro T8HK8 cpenuero TaHKa M-48 unaTToH - Illj~

TIle M·48 Patton III appearance.

ABCh AaJKe B 60AeC Y3KI1X n pexexax, q 8,,1 B BbIllOlll-J:eHHhlX aETOl'IdTO]\'i nrsax TaHKd T -54,

Pe3fOl'UrpYH ace BbIIIleCKd3ill-IHOe, MOlI<HO O·I'MCTl1TI. rpu OCOOCIIHOCTU 6poHeBorr 3illl.\llTbI aMepHKdHcKHX TdHKOB 110- CAeBoeH H0l1 nopsr, B3all]\:[HO AOIIOAH5ffOIIl;Ue APyr Apyrd. Bonepasrx, oro uurpoxoe rrpl1lV\elwHlle opoHeBoro lWTbH. BO-BTOPbIX, 3TO PICnOAb30SdHI1e 6pol-l,11 c nOlTll)!(CHI-lbIl',[ COAep)KdHllCl\l TaKUX AcrupYfO:W;I'lX A06aBOK. KaJ< HHKCJ\b ~I XPO)\j, 11 a-rpeThllX, llcnOAb30BaHHe OC06cHHocTcrr B TeXHOAorHI1 caapuurx coel\l~JI(:!rrJ1H, IT03BOAJlIO!lU'IX IIPHMCHHTb 60AbIIlHe AOIIycKa npn H3r'O'J'OBJ\eHI111 6POHCBbiX ACTaAeH. OAHIIM CAOBO~l, AeBll- 30M ~lepHKaHCKHX TdHKOeTpOI1TeAei-i II 06AacrH 6POI-IH,pOBaIll-H! B 31'0 BpCMH craaa TeXHOAOrl1'1HOCTb, TeXH(Morv14 Hocrr, H eLIJ,{' pas TeXIJOAllrH'iHOCThl I1MCHlfO TeXHOAOrlI'-IeCKHe peuieHM,j COJ"ilMl HOB,lTOPCTI30iV! aJl.leplIKaHCKHX llHJKeHepOB B KOHCTPYKllllll6p0l-leKoprrYCOB,

Pa3YMeeTCH, y K~Oll MeAaAJ1 ecrs ABe CTOPOHbJ. Al11'hE' TeXHOAOrI1'1HO, HO KpHCTaAA~ftICCKa5I CTPYKTYPd OTAl'mOK o6YCAaJ3l1.l'rrlaeT nOI-IH)KeHHhIe yleXaHI1'-leCKHe CBoMcTBa AliTOM 6pOIIM, BI.IHrphltldn B ON-IOM, rrpoarpsiaaesr B APYTOM, 11 lJ1'o6bl AOBecTH MeXaRH'leCKUe CHoi-{cTBa /lYITO}i 6pO.IU1 AO npneMAel\WrO YPOBH5i, dj\'lepHKaHllaM IlPM.LUAOCb lTocl'ynH'I'I.C51 APyrHM CBOHM "acy-xay" IT nonsrcrrrs coz.epmarrae B opoHe xernpyroirrax A06asOK. TaKI1]\1 06pa30M, MCX1lHH'IeCKHe CnOl1CI'Ha aMepHKdHCKOH Al1TOH 6pOHM, aa C'ICT BBeAcHllll B ee cocrae 1.5% [-[11 KeNI , 6bl/lVl ypanneuu C a~1epl1Kill-lCKOH xaTaHHOH, EO ee npenex npouaocra H YAapHa51 BI13KOCTh nee )!«(~ 6bIAl1 rrorrrn na TPeTb MeHbIIle, 1:!eM y OTe'leCTBeHHOll KaTaRllOJ1 6pClRH T<UlKa T-54.

O'-leHb IHITepeCllO CPelT>11 H'I"h BblUOAbl, CAell.aHl-lble 113 60esoro OTIblTa BOIlH bl B CiliA, M TeXHvJCleCKI~e peuJ.eHM51 poacrra'1aAbHIIKOB TaHKOCTpOeHHH, peElAH30BaHRbTe B T8 )f(e rOA!>I,

7

1\110)1<1-10 CPil3Y cxaaan, 4'1'(i i)HI'JulfiCf<. k1e vll'J)l<el-lepb!, B OTM1- mre OT aMepHKaHCKITX KOllAer, ObICTPO CAeA<lAH BhlBOAbI 11:> orrsrra BTopor':i Mrrponon BOtiHbl B KOHCTpy'KTITBHOM acnoxneHllH 6poHesoi;J saunrrsr. i'V-IfAll'laH£ AO/u'o 3arrpHfClJlH, C 3C1BHAHblM ynOPCTBOM npI1M8H5I5l B8PTllKClJlliHbl8 A060Gbl8 AI1CTblll ua "L!epcUIAAe», 1'1 ILil «Kpor-reexe», noaaro ua «lJ,eln·YPI1.011e», Ill;lnYll\eHHOM no~, :,dl-iaBeC 1l0M 1·1 1,1 I; Enporre, HOBIlJf'CTBa GLIAI1 rrpmv/eneHbl rrOc[TI1 ace H cpaay. 3TO II pacnoxcacemtste TlOA YTAOM J\060Bhle..AIICTbl xoprryca, H Aa/Ke. ndK·\OHH08 pacrroxoxcenao 60PTOB, el. npllM8H8l-1ll8 npOTl-JBOKYNY!l51TellJl)!,LX 60PT013blX ::'IKpa WlH. nOCJIeAH VI.e COC,\y/IU1AI1 ilH]'AvIHCK>l~'1 ",raunmaM HerrAoxy:!o_CA)c.(ls._6y B KOHcj)AHKTaX na 6All)KHeM BOCTOKe, "UeHTYPI.fOH;, TalOKe OEIA rrepasm aHfAHHCKHM TmIlWM, crrp08KTHpOsaHHbIM lIeAHKOM Il'?A caapxy. Csapxa, Kill~ U APYTHe HOBllieCTaa, np"J)KJofBaAclCb HFt aHrAHi1cKHX Tal-max ~'lI'A-\elmo. Tax, na

'l'aHKE' «Ba1\E'HTi'lHH» Cl-la~a_l\<J cl;apHi>a}\flCb "l'0/\[.J<.0 -'11("1"1,1 MIH U_\iJ ( J 942 1'.), ClilTe! v ] ObIA nepeaexen na CBa pxy H 1\0008011 )':;10'\ ( J 943 r.). H TOAbKO rtepez, IrpeKpilJJJ;el-me?d rrpou 3BOAcTBa .1TI-tX TaHKOB 6blAa IBT"OTOBAeHa napTH5I o;eAhHOCBapublX KOprryCPB,

XHMWI8CKHi1. COCTaIl OPOlH-r anrAH.ikR!1X TClHKOB rrperepncx n P!1ME' PHO 'ra KY to )KC 3):;O/l]{) 1[,11 10, 4'1"0 H aM c!pm,aJlCKI1X, B nep!3oi1 nOAOBHHe BDfiHl>1 iU'Il'Af.1HCKa51 6pOHH H31'OTaBJ\ltna,o.aCb 1t3 ADpOrux CTClJleU, cDAepwillIIHx B OTAe?iliHblX CA}"-lilllX AD 6.13% HllK8AH H AO 2.2Q% XPOj\ICl. Taxoe KOAH'IeCTBO ,\erHpYl:0I.I\HX rrpI1CaA0.K .TJe 13U3l,]l3oAOCh K.ilKO.H.-TO oco6ol1 JlCo6xON:!MOC'l'h10, H3 coo6pa)KelUl.H npORaAHBaeMOcTM MO)KHO QSLI\O 6bl orpann'IHTbC5I H OOAee H1l3KHM cOAepWClHl1eM HHKeJI5I IT XPOl'-Ja. Ho noAo6HblH XHlIIlll'leCKIill COCTaB OblA TlIIlH'lHhIM Ai\5I eBporreHcKoH TCIl-IKOBOH 6pOHl1 KOI-Ill,d 30-x, H2i"'ldAd 40-x rOAOB. Hanpnnep, ltJpaJ-iL\Y3CJ,Mll1l1'1'dYl 6pou>T COACp.iKaAil 4.59-4.75% HI1J<;eJIJ]'

1'2-13. 06ll-!"" B"A HOBOro aHri1"'~·GKOrO cpep.,He'f"O TaHK.a "UeHTVP"oH», AOCTaBneHHoro "'3 Kope ... 1955 ~.

the 511015 01 the Brilish Centurlon tank captured in Korea. 1955

8

ib

, t"

~3j: (~,~====~========db~===~======~'

14. CXBMa 6poHeBoi< 3aw,'lTbl aHrJ1I1i<cKoro TaHK" "L\eHTYP"oH».

The armor arrangement of tile Centurion tank.

IJ

ECTeCTI3e1-THO, 'ITO B xOAe BOllHbl 113 cooepalKeHHfi ;)KOHOMilIf If rrpaKTlI'IeCKOfl uexecoobPd3H0CTI1 GbUill pCl3paGoTaH.bJ. GOllee rrpocrste If Aern8Bble MapKH Gp0J-I.€' usrx craAeiit. TdK, dHfllllI1- CKaJl Tar·IKOllaSI Gpomr BLmYCKd 44-ro fOACl COA8PJKilfl.d j')Ke 0.52-0.93% H11KeMI, TOll.bKO B OTAel'l.I>nsrx CAyqa5lx KOllll"1eCTBO HilKe/ill. AOXO/),IlAO AO 1.40% [nanpm-iep, B Ao6oIlO.i1 l-\eTdAIl TdHKa «KpOl'IBeAb»). COAep)!(dl·nre xpOMa B xOAe BOllHbI npaxraaecxa He M3MeH5Ul.OCh. K KOHI~y BOJ1.uw XJ1MH4eCKllll COCTdB GpOHH ClHrllllHCKllX 'r dHKOB crax IIpIl6AM)KdThC5I K XI1Ml1'leCKOMY cocrany ClMepHKillfCKI1X 6pOHeBbiX craAek OnIOBdTeAM 'ranxocrpoeu VITI l'fcnOll.b30Bclll.1I HOBHHKI1 lIeOlpHTa. Ho PI 3A8U, clHrlill'Iillle OCTdIi11Cb Be[JJlhl ceoe, necnemno BH8AP5111 uomuscraa. Ad)Ke lid rr03AHHX MOAHcjJIlKCllll15JX «L\ewrypnOFfaJ> B COCTaBe 6pOlIJ1 BeT peWwreAbHOT"O nepepdCIIpeA8l1.eHI151 AE.'nTpyr-OII\HX AOOdBOK B rtoxsay MeHee AoporTlx. HeT, nanpm-rep, OTKCl3d OT BBeAeliHH UYlKeMI B COCTaB KClTillUIOll. 6pOHH. AHfAJi1:tJdne He CTaJIll COB8prneHCTBOBaTb HOXOAl,H 130eHl-lQfO apesrean.

:V:f3 l10CA8BOeHHbIX lJOI;lLIJ8CTH, BseAeHHhIX na no- 3AHllX d.J;eH"IYPI101'WX)), MOJKHO OTMeTHTb TOli.bKO urnpoao HcrIOJ\l~3yeMYID pymryto CBapK)'.

DoenOH orurr, T81'1 OOAee TaKOH oordTbIH, KaK 0[1[,11' BTOPOH MHPOBOH BofillSl, AiM MOll\HblH TO,\"10K pd3BHTI11O 60CJ:lOI':1 T8XHHKU H TeXHOAOrna. Bo-nepasrx, HMeA MeCTO TeXHOAOfH'-IGCKlIfi npopbJ.ll, 6bJMl HdHAeHLl HeAoporue, HO o6ecne'IHBilID.ll\He HYJKHbI8 XClpaKTepl1CTHI01 MdPl{H CTilllM. 3TO AOCTIDI{eHH.8 HOJKHO )'BepeHHO aarmcart, na C'I8T MeTaJ\J\.yprOH CWA, BO-BTOPblX, 6b1~ Ad BbIpclOVraHdI\OMnpOMHCCHd51 KOHcjmrypa.l\Jd5I 6pOHe.soH aaunrn.t, 068Crre'Il1BdlOll\aH npH0MAeNlbl8 Mdcco-ra6apHTHI,IG KapaKT8pnCTHKI1, rrycrs H ~eHOH HdAG)!U·lcii1. 3au.\ITI"bT TOllbKO B Y3KOM CGK~ Tope, cnepexa. npdKTHcrecKCllI peaJill3Cl~I151 3THX pemet-ll1l1 C(j"lOpMHpOBdll.d OOllllK H liAGO,\OfMIO OCHOBHOfO 60eBoro TdlIKCl KaK COqeTdl·m:t>. IIO,il,BHJK.HOCTH cpasnero TdHKd, OITTHiVIH3IiPOBdHHOH sanurrta TVKeAoro H T8XROll.OrWIHOCTH. Mac· COBOfO OpYJKII7J 60llhWOI"1 BOHHhI.

•

TA6nHQA HCnblTAHMH TAHHOB M~26 H M-46 06CTPEnOM

HaHMeHOaaHl18 M-26 M-46
6POH8EJblX
'ronutaua, vron 100MM 85MM 57MM TOJlll..llIIHa,1 yroJl 100MM 85MM 57MM
.QeTaJl8i1 BCTpe'l" BCTpe'llll
MM rpan, nTn mn ncn nTn ncn MM rpan mn mn ncn nm ncn
BepXH>l1l ... "CTb 101 43 2800 185 - 100 101-110 43 2600 100 - 100
Jlo6oaoi1 .1IeTan"
xopnvca
H "lI<li>l >l 'laCTh 90 15 4000 - 90MM 15 He onp. 900 - ne onp
JlO6oBoi1.11eTan"
Kopnyca
35 3280 410 - 35 3110 400 - 100
55 2600 , 55 2150
- He - He onp
onp,
EiOPT xcpnvca 76 0 - 3250 2500 1700 1300 76 0 - 3330 2620 1700 1300
76 30 - 2900 2300 1500 1050 76 30 - 3020 2340 - -
76 45 - 1100 400 100 - 76 45 - 1060 400 100 -
76 60 - 100 - - - 76 60 - 100 - - -
50 0 - 3000 3000 2000 2000 50 0 - 4686 3330 2000 2000
50 30 - 3000 3000 2000 2000 50 30 - - - 2000 2000
50 45 - 2000 1700 2000 1900 50 45 - - - - -
50 60 - 550 200 100 - 50 60· - - - - -
60pT 6awH" 76 8 He onp. 76
76 30 4000
KopMa6awH" 76 0 He onp. 3880 2000 76 0 2000 9

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Cpa3y O/"OHOpiOCb, '1nw gonog;tuHHW/. UClIWPW) aInUX mensas nOKpbuna MPW{()M, max ]((]K B 60;lbUIUHCJ.7lBe goonyJ1J-1MX 30pyf)e)l{lIblX lICmO'lJH1KOB 0 HeM ItUDO lie roeoputucs BOBce, Au60 ynOMUJwemCJ1 BC1WAb3b. J10.3DlO~IYBbIBoqbl. no U.31l0)f\elllWMY nU)i(e MbZ npeqsatuen geAllrfll' ~!~mafl1elllO COMOMY.

BMf-\PTE 1944 r, HA CTOA 1'1.0. Ha'TaAbHMKa or« HKTn Bopa ll£'I'AO ITOcxanae cAeAYlOIl.\erO coaepxca I-ill 11: "c 0- r:JtQnW UMeJOUiUMC.il qonuus: HeMell,Kue 111WiKOcmp 0 u meA U cosqaiom mJl)i( eAN tl 60 - mOHHM U ill UHK noeoro ill lmo, J-W.:lhLBaeM.hl il T-9 I.Lf\ U Tr l 0."

BooPYJKeHue HOBoro 11lOHKO O'letlb CLL~hlloe U cocmOUITi U3 HOBm! 88-MM lulU 128-j\1M nyw_KU C nOAMll.0U g;1WWU cmno;tQ 11 3-XnpleMemOB [l seHUIllH.blUj.

npegnoAO}KmneAhHO, 'uno mOI·I.K UMee11l 1I10U{J-lblil aBuallUOHHbltl MODlOP "AaUMAepEeHl.J," u 6el·130-:J.JleKmpU'IeCltylO mpaHCMUCCWO 110 rnuny mpOHCMUCCU1I CAY "(J)epgliJW1~g",.,

Bponenasi 3aU{Uma HOBoro maJ-lK(1 Ui'4eem mO/l.U{Ully, He Mel-lee 150-200 MM C XYPCOBblX yrAOB oticmpeso.: r;1 0.1111011 OCU6el-ll-WClllblO HOBOro

rcpMW-I.CIWrO manna flBll.flemC.il uuipotcoe ucnOAb- 30BQJ-ZUe «pynuux 1l11111bLX 6pOHeBbL'Y. gemo_"et1 H lWHcmpyKI(IW ero Kopnyca u 6aWHlI (ecmi, CJJegeJWJ1 0 tipussenenuu. B lWHcmpyKl~lW IllGHK(t U,eAbNOIlUllWrO sopnyca II 6aWHU), ge;1Q10U{tlX ero n[JurogwAM )< MOCCOllO"1Y BblllYCKJ' u npugaIOUIUX elllY rjWpMy, O'leHI, (lIAJ'OgJ-ly'lO C lllO'LKII spenu» CKAOHHOCmn tiponerioihiu« cnapnqos K pusouietny ... B HacnWflU{ee Bpe~!fI lIell'!Clll<lle tipeqnpunmun y}/(e eeqym cepUllHbnl BbU1YCK o\l)ll1blX tunnen gM uoeoro mmKeAoro U1aJ-1Ka, KomoPbltl OJKugaelllCf! OCel-lbfQ ...

B03MQ)!WO, '111l0 Il051BlleHlle .91110ro mW·IKa B.b13BaHO uaY'lellUeM HeMe/IKUX KOHCIllPYKlllOpOB AUll1blX tiaiuen U xopnycuux gemGllet'i mOHIWB T,34, Kll-L U ncuuero notsoro tnnscesoro JnOJiKQ We. n

10

y ..... aCTLo'IeM HOBoro He-Me~,Koro "acecoxpvurajoutero" T8HKa PzKpfw 10. I1nmoCTPa4 .. 11

.. 3 "5epm.Hep HnIltOCTPaVne u.ai7ITYHru 1944 r.

The artist's impression 01 tile German PzKptw 10 sunertank. "Berliner lllustnerte Zeitung» 1944.

2. BH8WH .. i1 8"A "lotC noHeMeI..\KI1" - PzKpfw 9 .. PzKpfw 10. i'1nntoCTpaLl .... ..,3 1'5eplllllHep "lIl1toCTJ)aifTe l..\aifT)'Hr" 1944 r.

The illustration from the Berliner lllustlerte Zeitunq, 1944.

PzKpfw9

PzKpfw 10

OTKYAa OhIlI.a noxysene AdHHillI IlH<POp~V(a.C(I1H l·teH3BeCTIIO. Kill, HeH3BeCTHa H TOqHillI AdTa ee n05lBAeH lUI B CCCP. BHAI1J."\lO, 3AeCh nepenxeAllCh paspoanerrmae N'lHllbll' 0 1iOLlOM Ti:U1Ke Tiger Ausf B, oOAee H3BeCTHbIM rroz, Ha3BdHHeM "KopoAeBcKMll Tnrp" (oAdro nepnsre MamHHbI aroro TmIa Ae Vi:CTB YlTeJl btl 0 uecxn AllThle oamHII KOHC"I"pYI<LlHH <D.nOpme), a TaK..>Ki? cJ\yxu 015 yJK€ HCIIblTbIBClIOIL\eMC5I "!'>-IbTITIOHKe" H B.f'Mel.\KYle rrponaranaacrcxue II3AaHlliI BTOpOH: IIOAOBIfHbI BOHHhI. Cxopee ncero, l1Mel-lliO raxaa ypa-narpnOTII"IeCKillI cpaHTaCTvrqeCl<a)J rryoAIIKaqI151 B "EepJI.HHep HAJUocTparfl'e l(aMTYHr" (Kap'l'I1lIKH H3 xcroporo IIplffieAeHbI ua 3TlIX C'l'paHHIWX), 11 nOCJ\Y.IIUIJla. TeM Cal\fi,Ii.\1 HCTOqHHKOM, na KOTOPbIll CChlAaARCI, B npJ1lJeAeI-IHOl'1 rrHCbMe, Bp5!AAn TaKOH: ]\'IHCfll1'leCKH0 npoexr HMeA l'1eC'l'O ObITh B Tepxaana B KOHqe BOllHhl, HO B CCCP on 6101- 313dA J-IE'KOTOPhIIl rrepenoxox,

B Mae 1944 r. B. Bep rroxy-rae-r 113 HHH-48 raRoe lIHCbMO: "CorAaCHO Bal11ero sanpoca om 18.04.44 UM eell,! coo6u~ lW1b cAegyxJtqee:

3_ Ocsoenue He/lWl{KOU_ npoJ'tbll11AeWWCmblO MaCCOBoro tiponeeoro .JtUlTlbH 6al11€H U «opnycon maHK08 C'HlmaeM HeB03MO)J(HbLM BBUgy omcymctnsun B HacmOJm~ee BpeM51. B repMGHUU Heo6xogUJl.wil HOM€HKAamYPIA AeruPYlOlqUX KO}l>tnOHeHmOB, 'imo 11OgJllB€p)J(_gaemOI UCCA€goBaHUHJ'W XUMIl'leCKOro cocuiasa xamanoii n A.umo{i tipouu manson "Turp" U "Ilaniuepo" ...

6. HeMeu,I(QJI _~ (JmGR 6pOHR 8bl COK0t1111B€p_gOCmu 6oAbuwt1 mO.MquHbI J-le )1flARemCR l-WgC}K1'IOU 3Qu.jumot! tipouuu: 6poHe6oilHblX CHap5JgOB 60/lb-

- "

LUOU M.aCC},I ...

OTcIOAa Jl.W>KHO CAeAaTb BblBOA, qTO Ha'IaAhHHK Of'K HKTn , BHAHMO, llpJoII3AeKd;\ cnenaaAnCTOB no fipone AII5! H3yqeHH5I paapoaaeunsrx AMI HblX no BOBOMY HeMeqKOMY TaRKY C "AHTblM 5pOHeBbiM xopnycon Ii 6illIIHe:ii", 'ITO OhIAO ecTeCTBeHHO AII5! Tex YCAOI3JJi1 ..

A B H.IOHe 1944 1', HnCbi'IO, 13 KO'l'OPOM C!JHTyprrpyeT "HOBbl:ii T5I:JKeAbIH 'rdHK C j\I1.TOJi

11

6poaei1", noxyxaer Ij HdLI. UAKE B,fpaOI1H: "",no I1(My'-l€HHbIM arienmypuus«] qanneu«, B repMaHuu saeepuiaemcn paspatiomea HOBOI'O lI!.iVKeJloro mClHKG, 3atllllUleHHoro AUIJlOil tiponei) mOJtUJ,uHoil 150-200 MM ... TTpOUlY BGC scnetnuuuu. npegyowmp€HH.hle IlAaHGMlJ uctiu mau UR NOJJ.&lX npOm!!BOmaNKOBbtX nymeK 6oAbmoro J(QAu6po, 13 mOM 'WCAe KGAu6pa J22-1I1.M U 130"MM ... B npo/-PQoV(,'''IY u.x uCnblmaHtl11 BKAlO'mmb nyHKllI 06 OOflSameJ1bHoil npoeeps« npotiumu» lltilllOt! 6poHU mOAUJ,ilHm1200-MlI'l. OOAY'tertU€ o6pa3u,OJJ AUmot! 6pOH!! YKCl3GHHOil mOAUJ,1lHb1 corsacoeano C Y3TM (MY3YPYKOB).

06 uctiosueuuu gOAOJKUn1b, Iloqnuc» - AYcmw/c)8"

Bcnope rrocxe O'fMe'lNII-IOB ilKTH.BHOCTH B 11eperrncxe na noxa 60eB AeiIcTBHTeAbHo BbJLU,\I1 HOBble HeMe.qKIIe T5IJKeAble TaRKII, xcropsre nsr- 3BaJlH BCllAeCK mrrepeca K cBoe:ii nepcone, HO OHIT He HMeAH nO"fTH Hl1'!ero oouiero C OXZUAa.el'1hIM, 'ITO HdIllAO csoe OTpaJKeHHe B BbIBOAe HJ.1J1-48 ITO H3)"leHHIO 06pa3L10B i5pOHH "Kopo- 1IeBCKOI'0 "1'11 Iva" CAeAYIOII\eiI tPpa3o:ii: " .. , BOtipesu nOA)"l€HHOil om /-104, orK HKTIJ iuupopJl.W[~UU HOBbIt! repMClHCKUU m;v«eAbIU mOHK lie usseem B KOlicmpYKquu Kopnyca U tiauiuu KPYflHI>lX gemGA.et1, 11(J;lY'WHHbIX 113 )J(UgKOt1 6pOHU ... "

Ka3aAOCb 6hl, nonpoc 6bIA CH5IT C IIOBeCTKH AH5I, oAHaKo, IIHAeKcbT T-9 11 T-1 0 euie rrposny'laAH B COBeTCKHX AOKYMeHTax roro SpeMeHI1. B aarmcxe, COnpOBOJKAdIOIL\et'I crrpaaxy 0 HdH6oA.E'e Hl-l'repeCl-IbIX 06pa3qax Tpo¢eiIHoiI 60eBOH:

TexHHKH, 06I'Japy>KeHl-lOI~ ua repprrropmr repMaHITH, HMeAaCb He6oAbmaH, no OCJE'Hb e~m:a.fI npnnacxa: "H3Y'lelWeJ'1 nOAy<I€HHOil mexHU'IecRoil U npoeKlTlHoil gOKYMeIWlQIllW, G matose U tiecegaMu C HeMeu,KwHU cne4UGJIUCll1QlIW __ , npoeKmOB illJUKeAOro 60-~noH1!'oro 11lmu(Q T-/ a 061WPYJ1Wmb He ygGAOCb.

TaK 'ITO aa sonpoc: "A Or,[AAH ~'laAh'IIIK?"

KaJKAbIll NOJKeT orse'nrrs B pe M kax coocrseauoro An'IHOrO ~'IHeHH5I.

•

COBEPWEHHO CEKPETHO

-- ~
-- ~
::II::: ~
~
C
~

a.. ~
c ~
~
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U
=
..
..a
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::II::: Cpegu CQM O.-1€ mOB, PQ3pa6omaHJ;!,I~~ (1 nocmpoennux nog PYKOBOgClIlBOM Busmopa (])egopoBu'Ia EOAXoBum UROBa, HaUQOAee u:wecmHb! '1eIIlblpexMomopHblu QOM6apgupoD U\ us: AE-A U paseuuiu U: U clIlpe6ulIleAb Bh-t, A Born u3flU~Hb!!l MROrOtleAeBoil CQMOAem, oCHot4eRHblll gT!yMfI CnapBJ-IIlblM(1 g.8(1- ralIleA.>lMU fVI-J 03, no pflgy tuns-urn, scerqo ocnWBWlCfl B meRU, B nepuog ero cosqanus IlPUMBI-lfLAUCb 0603HQ'ieW.lf£ EEC (6IlWl(1wii 60,>toapgupoBU\UK CKOPOClIlHOtlj, EE (60M6apgupoBulUK EOAXOBumUHODO), J\E-C (AefKuii 6oM6apgupoBw,UK cnapna}, u ga){(e CCC (csepscsopoctunoii caMoAemj, HO B JKU3HU 3aKpellUllocb Hau60Aee xopomnoe - "Cu. "CmWlUl-I", "Cnaoeo", "Cnopocmu'', "Cnopman" - eosn ueCKOAbKO 6b1mylOU(ux no ceu qen» eapuantuoe pacunuppassai :Olmou oqnoii-equncmeeunoii 6YKIlbi "C", "IUlIlWllCAlO npeqssuuetncn caMoMY BhlUP(llIlb I-!([u6oAee npUrA5lJ-lYB!UuUC51.

np O-E K T

"c

1937 r .

12

60M6APAIiIPOBLJJ.I1K

IIICTPE6KTE11h C 37-MM I1YWKofl KOHAAJ(OBA

1. CaMolJeT C-l nepea "cnbITaH""MI1. 06lJ.1",H 8".0.. SlH8apb 1940 r,

The general arrangernenl of the PzKpfw 9 and PzKpfw 10. Illustrations from the 8erliner lttustterte Zaitung, 1944.

2. npoeKT caracnera "C". YT8epll<AeH B 1937 r.

Tile ,,5" a i rem It gene ra I arrangement drawings approved in 1937.

3. Bap .. aHTbl e3Mon.eT3 "C" no npoeKTY 1937 r,

Variants of the "5,, aircraft proposed in 1937.

o

3

rllABA 1. OCHOBHA8

HA4AAO 3TOti: MCTOPI--ill OTHOCMTCH erne K 1933 r., K il.lOMeHTY 06CYJKP,(:!I-Hm npoexra I1C'Tpe6llTeMl J,-f-17. Kax aapnaRT :noH MaIlUlHhI paCCMdTpHBMCH ABYXMecTll'brH liICTpe6wreAb A11-7. Flpoexr AI1-7 oficyxcAMCS! na coaemaana y Ha'laAbHllKa BBC AAKcHllca B AeKa6pe 1933 r. Paccxarpasars-ro OH pdccMaTpuBMclI, AO peUleHHii no Hel'fY AOAroe Bpel\'IJI He rrpHHMMMOCI;.. Ha KaKOM-TO srarre pa3BMTJn51 C06hITHH B03HHK aapnarrr YCTaI-rOBKH na AI1-7 AByx crrapeamax ABllraTeAeil, OAHoro se ApyrnM, spameroiuax ABa 1303AYUll-IblX BARTa B npOTHBOlJOJ\O/KH.bIX HanpanAeHI15IX .. B oraorueI·H-lH TaKoif MOTOPHOH YCTaHOBKH IIOJ\b30BCIAlICI> OIIpeAeJl.eHHeM "NeXaHWleCKa5l cnapxa". l1I-TTepec K 3TOH TeMe B Ha'ldJI.e 1935 I'. YCHJ\I{AC51 B CH5[- 311 C paaseprt.rsanaea npoex'rnsrx pa60T no coSAdrl.nO pekopnrroro CKopOCTHOro CaMOJl.eTa. B peayxsrare, MOTOPHOll,ry 3dEOAY NQ26 6hlll.o AaIfO 3dAilHlle na paapaoorxy "!'>'leXaHlI'IecKoiJ L'TIapKl1" ABliraTeJl.eu M -100 (3aTei'M M -103).

13

B BI1/),e l-re6oAbIDoTO o'rc'rynxemrs HMeeT CMblCA YAeAHTb He;-fHoro MeCTa OIIHCaHillO BceH rrp06J1.eMhI. AeJl.o He TOJ\bKO B COeAl1HeHlll1 Anyx ABllTdTeAeH, II03BOA5IIOw;HX IIpH ycranoake OAnoro sa Apyrl1M yM(~I-U,LUH'I'b a:3POAHHaJI{K'IeCKOe conporn BAel-l ¥fe, a paananaexryro MOm;HOCTb y'13eJ\.H4I-lTh rrpaKTH'leCKH BABoe. TIpoBeAeHHble HccAeAoBaHll5l,Ad K npocro 3J1.eMeI-iTapHbJe Co- 06pa)KeHH5I HaTMKITBaJllf K01'lC'I'pyKT'OPOB ua MhICJ\..b 0 nperorynreersex B03AynIHhIX BHHTOB, C06paJ-fHbIX rra OAUOH OCH 11 BPiiIIIalOw;HXC5I 13 rrpoTllBOIIOAO)KHbIX HdIIpdBAeHI15J.X. CYMMdPHhlH peaKTllBHbTH l'tOi"U?T-1T TdKHX BHHTOB panH5IAC5I nY/UD, B peayxt.rare 'IeTO OTIIdAdJ\.d He06- XOAHMOCTb B a3pOAHHa>.iH'IeCKHX KOl'meHCaTOpax. DPH Kplll30JUIHeHHOM IIOAeTe [nanpnsrep, BHpd)Ke) YCTpaHlIJl.C5I rHpOCKonWleCKl1Jir MOMeHT, 'ITO rroasnuaxo MdHeBpeT-IHOCTb. BosxyurHbIH !lOTO", , 3at'<PYQeHHbIH IIepeAHKM BI1HTOM, flMIlP5IMA5lACl'I ~>dAHHM, 'ITO C03AdBaJl.O B03MO)KHOCTll yseA.lI'IeHll5I KTIA. DOAee roro, BblIIP5ll'1-

COBEPWEHHO CEKPETHO

AeHHbr:.U: IIOTOK ooecnexasax CHMMeTpH'fHOe 06TeKdHlIe caeioro cesroxe'ra, '-ITO 6AdrOnpiHITCTBOBMO YA'!'IIIIeHI1I{) ynpaaxaexocra Ed B3)\e'l'e 11 IIoCClAKe.

ECTeCTBeEHO, Td.KHe C006pdJKeH,rm EYJKAMHCb B AOKd3aTeAbCTBax, Yl AORi:t3aTeAbCTBa TaRRe OllE'Hl. CKOpo n05LBI1A)1Cb. Brrepasre Heo6hlKFlOaemrsre B03M(J>I<HOCTlf CO'IAeHeHHbIX ABHraTeAeH H COOCHblX BI1I-1T013 TpHYMqJaAbl·n,IM 06Pd30M 6bIAI1 npoxeMOHCTpHpOBa 1-1 bI wrdAb.!lHCKIilM pelWPAHbIM rHAPocaMOAeTOM "MdKKM-KdCTOAbAII" 1vJ-72.

3'1'OT CaMOAeT CTPOHAC}"I cnerradALHO Mfl nOTIyMpHbIX MeJKAYHaPOAHbIX COCT513cnlflH Hd Ky60K "IllHellAepa", rAe '-IaCTO ycraaaaxal'laAI1C1. MHpoBble peKOPAE.1 CKOpOCTII rrOJ\eTd _ Oco6eHHocTbIO COCT>f3dl-ll-iJ1: 6blAO YQdCT'l18 13 fIlIX HCKAIO'IHTeAbHO rHAPOCdMOlleTOll, rrpn-texr, B ocl1013HOM, 3TO 6bIAil AHYXnOflAaBKoBble MdlllM]-I bJ, AeT<lI1KaM, y'-IdCTByl.Om;IIM B COCTH3MII1JTX, nprrxoAHAOCb I-JaqHHaTb B3heT nOA np>lMbIl'l yrAOM I( 13~:TPY, TalC !CaK aeypuauoaetueuHhiH pedKTI1BHbIll l'-!OMeHT OAl-1HO'-lnoro B03Ayuu-loro aarrra 3aCTilBMIA

OARH 113 IIOIlhdBKOll [I0Al-lOCTbID norpyaca'rsca 13 BOAY, B pe- 3YAbTaTe '-Iero rrOAy'laJI_c}l rrOJiHhIH pa3BopOT na 90", nOH)]THO, 'lTO rlOAo6HblH MdHeBp 6blll13bIHY;KAeHHhIM, CllOJKeE B acrro»BeJ-1 MM U rrpeAcTilBJ\5fA co6ofr l-leMaAYIO OIIaCHOCTb, O-qeBup,HO, H_1eHHO 3'1'0'1' HeAoCTaTOK 3aCTilBHA «oucrpyxropa MapI10 KaCTOAbAH ncnoxsaoaart, COOCHble BKHTbI na csoe» M-72. B rrponecce C03AaJ-II1H MdlJ_II-tEIfol rrpoaeaennsre HCCAeA-ODdFlJMl 110Kd3d!UI, 'ITO MmKHO O)Kl<!A-dTb 11 3Ha'lI1TeJlbHOrO yaeAB'leHMll cxopocrn. H XOT>I apamenne BMJ-ITOB na lVI-72 He 6bIAO CHHXPOH1il3HPOBdJ-lO (KdJ!<;.Abr:.U: BMHT nparnaxca 01' OTAb'l_hFlOJ"O AIIl1raTeM M rrpaKTH'leCKI-1 IlceI'Aa lIMeAdCb nexoropas pa3HHua II 060pOTax). YCIIex 6bI" AOCTHn-IY'I' • .i\eToM 1934 r. 1vJ-72 yc-raHoBHA l\l1-tPOBOH pexopz, C]{OPOCfT1 709 I(]\'I/-qac , KOTOphli1:

IlpOAe_PJKaJl.c>I A01939r,

11Td K, 3aAaH~Ie na "MeXaUHLteCKYIO cnapxy" OblAO AaHO 3aBOAY NQ 26, ABl1raTeAH M-I03TI (AMf ocyl~eC'rnAeHH.!I 3ClTeH HcnOAI,30BaAHCb rryiue-uure MOTOphI) 6= ycrauonAeHbl aa OANOi;;' JKeCTKOH MOTopaMe, Ball. 3ClAHero AlJJ1raTeAH npoxoaax =repea nyCTOTeAbTllllaA nepeAHero 11 npatuax .rrepeAHllll B03AYUJHblH BHHT'. A'U1 o6ecrre'IeHil>I 60Aee JKeCTKOll CBH311 BaA ~~al:"~l.ero ABI1:rClTeA5f I-1M0J1. onopy na OOJJ:lel1 MOTopaMe, McnbI1'aIH!5I cnapxrr M-J03n rla_ CT8BAe 61',1)1 H npoBeAeHhl B 1936 r, C 06HdAeJKMBaJOjJ_1,11MM pe3YAbTaTaMH. Perneno 6bIAO crpon'n, caMOAeT, 3aRd3t-\OCTaAC5i B,<D,EoAXoBHTm-loI3Y·

Boel-lI-lbJii UHJKeHep l-ro pama BlIKTop (J)eAopOflH'f BOAXOBHTHHOB B 1937 r. RBMAn! I' Ad 131-1bJ.i"I KOHCTPYKTOP0f.-J Kaaaacxoro aBHa3a"130Aa Ng124, 1'4<2 1-la'lliHaJl.aCb cepns ero 60M6apAMPOElJ.(HKtI AS-A. Hd MOMeBT B03HHKH013eHIHl II 0 13 oro , HHTepecneiuuero 3dAdHil£HMeAOCb MI-lOJKeCTBO I-fN;-f\ Ki1K ITO qaCTH TeXHOllOmH, TaR 11 no -gaCTH l3oopy)'[(eHHH, HMeHHO noarosry npeMO)I<elUm

KOI-ICTP)lKTOpa BblPa3llAHCb B IHiAe IlpeA-BapHT'e;\1.flOrO rrpoetcra, npeaCTaB}l.eHHOT'O I( paccxcrpeaaro 23 HOH6p51 1937 r. Bcero HMehOCb 'IeTblpe Bap11 airra caMOAeTa:

- pa3SeAQIIK C AMLbHOCT1.IO rroxera AO 2200 K1>.'I;

- 6AIDlUIrrll60M6apAHpOB1L\HK;

- urrypsiosmc, BOOPYJKeHHbnI 10 nYAeM8TdMfI UIKAC (AdAee,

nocxe KOHcYAbTaTJ,fIH C 0PYJKelll-lliKfu"m Moxcaponcxasr II BeHeBHAOBbIll1, 113Mel-ll-1/100, npeAIIOAaraeMoe BOOPY)l(('lfl-le H Aa)Ke MeTOA aTdKH ~eAI1, [1peMdraJiaCb cnapxa II}'A8MeToB YAbTpaWKAC co CKOPOCTPeAbHOCTblO 10000 Bblc1'pehoB B Mlil-IyTY, YCTaHOBAelUra5J I-Ja KCI'IalOJJ:le!l1C£ Y3Ae 11 U03BO/lHBma5I naKpbIBaTb oraex cBepxy 110}\Ocy TIlliPHHOl'r AO 25 MeTpOII):

- 60l''l6apAffPOBOQHbIH HC'l'pe6MTCAh (BVI) C 37-MM rrymxon KOHA-aKOBa AMI 60Pb61.l C 60M6apA-l1pOHUlHKdMU (y KOHCTPYKTopa KOHAffKosa 6MAd 11 45-MM rryurxa nOAo6HO.i1 KOHCTPYK-

B .. KTOp ¢le.o.opoBw-l 60llXOB"T"HOB Victor Fadorovich Bolkhovitlnov

14

5-6. CaMon<nC-t nepen neTHblMIoII "'fCnblTaHlotSiMlot. SlHBapb 1940.

The S-l prior to flight test January 1940_

7. CaMonaT C-t 6oKoBall npOeKI.1.HII. MacwTa6 1":72.

The S-l aircraft side elevation. 1/72 scale.

1l.M 11), TIYIllKa lllVIeAd ABa CTBOAd, CTPeA5HOJJJ;I1X AA5! B3aH"WYJllI'lTO)KeHIffi OT'Ad4H OAI-IOBpeMeHHO B IlpOTI1BOnOAO)fCHbIX Han:pa-BAe'fcIH5IX, :V13 OAHOfO CTBOAa crpeAbOd BeAaCb ooeBhlMH CHapHAarvIl1, 113 APyroro - J3eCOBbTh'Il1 60,'l.BaHKaMH, AaAhllOCTb CTPeAEObI 37-M]\o,1 TI)'IIlKlf COCTdBASfAa 4 KM, AMI ee 06CJl.Y)KHBaHllH rra GOPTY caxoxera HaXOAHl\_MCb 3apIT;lKarDJ.IJ;Ull If HaBOA'U1K.

3a BpeMH ofiCYX<,L\0HI1ll M Aopa6oToK npoeara caNOAeT EOAXOBIITHl-Wlla npeaparnxca B AByxMecTHblH CKOPOCTHOH 6oMGap.c\HpOBJ.IJ;HK "C" C 060POHHTeAbffbiM BoopYJKeHHeM B SMA€' OAl-lOTO nYA8M8Ta lllKAC. /'vI5I. aqJ¢eKTHBHm1 3dJJJ,)1Tbl XBOC'I'OBO}i 'laCHl neprrrxexsnoe onepeirae cAeAaAMpa 3 H eC8HHblM, HaCTYll arexsnoe BOOPYJKeHlle rrpeznoxaraxoct, B BHAe AE'yx nYAeMeTOB lUKAC B KPbJAb5lX (HJlJ1 noz, KPblJ\b5lMM), Ol;l,ltaKO HHKOfAd He YCTaHaBAH13aAOCb.

CKOPOCTHOll 60M6apAHpOBllIllK "C" npoexTl1pOBa_,,-C)] JlO TIT BBC 1937 r. COfAdCHO 3T11M TPe60BilllllHM Nl.aKCliMaAbHa5l Cl(OPOC'fb Tpe6onaaacs nopanxa 640 KjvJ!<lac, OAHaK(J no pacxe'I'a~1 BhlXOAHAO AaJKe 6o)'hrrre - 668 KM/'laC nil BhlCOTe 5250 ]1.1, A\5J OffTHMl13Ma 6bIAlI OCHOBaHIDl: caMOAeT HM8A AJUIHHhlH BbIT}lIIyt'blll rproaeiI.5DK, KpbIAO MaA01'O paasraxa M MaAOM (JAOW:dAll C HOUblM, CKOPOCTHhfM [I pocpllAe];I BBS. /vel-I CHlDKeIH1H [lOCdAO'lHOll CKOPOCTH npMMeHHlill BblABll)!UlhIe 3aK:pbli\Kll runa "cDaYAep". Bo06- rue, KOHCTP)'KIl,I1H HC110Ab30BaAaCb AOC'f'aTO'lHO nporpeccaanaa, cplO:3eMl.JK co611pall.C5J I·n 'leTblpex 't1J,\aTC<AbHO 113rOTQBJI e 111-l.bIX nauexen - BepXHeH, Jlll)KUerr 11 AByx 60K0l3bIX. Kpsrxo - C

rAClAKoH o6mllBKoii, C YCHAeUlleJl.1 B BHAe IlOAKpenNJiOIQ8rO arryrpeurrero roqipa,

.v!3rOTOBJleHM8 HOBOfO CaMOAe'l'a BeAOCb na l\10CKOBCKOM aBHa3aBOAe NQ 84, KOTOPhlM 13 :),[0 BpeJl,1j5J OCBallBaA rrpOH3BOACTBO AIIl.IeH311QHHOl"O al\10pllKaHcKoro caxroxere DC-3. EAaro/l,ap5l 3TMM 06CT05ITeAbCTBaM, HOB61.H GOM6apAMPoBunrx Bl1epl3ble 13 CCCP CTPOHl\_CH C HCnOAb30BaHHeM nxasoao-urecxorracro MeTOAa,

Bcero rroA o603Ha4el-IH8~f "C" 6bIAO rrocrpo€tlO AJ3a caMOAeTa - C-l 1'1 C-2, f1epBbIll 3K- 3e]\.JrrASfp - C-J 6blA rOTOB BO BTOpOH nOAOBIlHe 1939 f. Ocaameu ou 6bIA OAH:mv1 ABMT<l'I'eAeJvl M- I 03 C B03AynIHblM 131HlTO~I BMW - 2, L(ell.bIO Hen 1,I'l"aH1Ili C-1 51BASfAaCL Oi.\E'HKd lI.eTHblX xa<reCTB - YCToiiqrmOCTH, ynpaaxne-rocra, B3AeTHO-TIOCdAO<rllhlX xapaxrepacrnx H CAO)i<JIOCTH IHIAOTl1pOBaHH)l, Kpoxe aroro, npeAcToHAO 01.\(0'Hl1Tb ClfCTeMbI H 060PYAOBaHHe, oIlpeAeAHTb uuyrpeuuae H BHeIIIHHe AaBAeHH5I na KaIlOTe MOTO pa C U/~l\.blO AOIlYCKd BTOpO (.1 f\'lalllHHbI K AOCTH)KeHllIO BblCOKIlX cxopocren.

C-l I10CT)'IIHA na IlCIIbITaHH5I B KORU,€' 1939 f.

BooPY)KeHu5I OH He llMeA, YCTaHOBAeH 6hlJl I-Ia Hey6HpaeMble AbIJKH, Tlepnsni nOAeT AeT'-IHKa E,KYApnH<l Ha C-l COCT05lAC5I 26 5lfmapH 1940 r. Bcero 6bIAO npotraseaeno AO OKOWraHM5l rrcn 1,1- Tul:Urii B srapre 1940 r. 29 nOAeTOB, AOCTHI'HyriJ M<lJ{CMMaA1>Hd5I CKOPOCTb 400 KM/qaC, MCIThITdHH5J OblAH 3aCLJUTdHbl !CdK COBMeCTI-Il>.le - aaBOAcKl1e H rocyxepcraeutrste, OT HJ..-1[1 BSC xe"faA AeT'IHK Ka6aHOB. AeTHdlI cuenxa Gr:;IJI(l I3ll0AHe DplfelVlAeJl,IOll. AecPeK'l'OB, BbI.HBAeHHbIX B

15

COBEPWEHHO CEKPETHO

npouecce acnsrranna. npdKTII'reCKH He 6b1AO H 06bl'lHbIX IIpH 3TOM Aopa6oTOK He BeAOCb.

npH3HdBdAOCb, ',ITO C-l }! [JA}],'TC51 [JBOAHe AOBeA8HHbIM caMOAeTO"M 80 scex OT!·rO'UleH!'!l'IX, no TeXHIIKe IIIIAOTlIPOBaJ·JlI51. Aocryf!en AeT'IlI.l<y cpeAHeil KBaAllqmK au II II , nOA Y'feI-lHble pe3y~\bTdTbI [J03B0A5UQT lIPIICTynIITb K HcnbITdHH5lM A!JYXMoTopJ'loro eapnarrra C-2. B 3illiJUO'lHTE'AbHOM npeN\O)KeH1~Tl OT'lJv!"a no C-l J"'OLlOPJ1AOCh:

"C'llITaTb HeOOXOAHMbIM. He AQ)KHAaHCb OKOHqaHHH HClIblTaHHH CaMOAeTd NQ2, npxcrymrrs K nOArOTOBKe 'lepTeJ:KHOrO X035.IHCTBa AA5I nOCTPOfiKM onsrrnon cepu!'! caMOAe'l'On",

B AaAbHeihneM ua nepBblM OlIblTHbII.J: C-1 6b1- lld YC:rdHOBAeHa OTpd6oTaBlIIaH r-roropecvpc cna pxa M -103, II CdMOAeT B TdKOM HCIlOAHeUHl1 M'ClIOAb30BaAC5I Af\51 uarypmax a8pOAHHaMH'l8CKHX lICcA8AoBaHlIH B TPYOax IJ,Afl1.

Eute AO OKOH'IaHliH IIcnblTaHllH nepaon l>'lauranra, Ha'IHHaH C 20 MdpTa 1940 r., Hd'ldllHCb nOJl8Tbi C-2. 118Ab CTOHAd xonxperuan: "nposepHTb COOTBeTCTBH8 cjldKTlT'leCKHX A8THblX AaHHbIX car-roxe'ra ];I ero BoopYlKeHTI5f TdKTHKO-TeXHWleCKl1M Tpe6oBdHll5IM 11 AdTb 0lleHKY il03- ~lO)!U!OCTM npnaarns 3Toro carvlOM!Td Hi'! BOOpy-

lKeHlle BBe", YlKe caMa fTOC:rdHOBKa 3aA.a''lH ["0- BopIIAa 0 TOM, 'ITO BTOPa5I MaIIHlHa Ob[,\a lIOAHOCTbIO OOOPYAOBdHa n aoopyacena. B npocrpanerne i"!8J:KAY !WT'lllKOM II urrypraauore HGXOAHAC51 60M600TceK, BMell\i'IlOJ.L\,HH <I cDAE-lOO (MaKCHlYlYM), HAll 4 ilBHil60M6w M€!-lhlliero 'KdAMopa. 3drpyaxa 60M6 nponcxozorxa "lepe3 oTKpblBaeM,blH ct)parMeUT qJOHdPH Kd6HHbI np11lIOMOIL\H cneunall b!'(O i1 KpaJ,I-6C1AKl'J. TaKJ:Ke n peAIIOAaraAdCb nOA'BecKa 60M6 (Ao 4x cDAJ3-100) nOA KPblAb51M!1.

W:rypMdHCKaH KaoIIHa AA5I yAy<lllIeHl'l5l 0630- pa I1M8Ad OCTeKAeHl1e B nOAY H no 60PTdM H 6bIAil o6oPYAOllill!i'! IlC€MU OCHOJ~!.lh!MI1' TJCl!3V1 renaOHHhlMH npn60paMH, IIpHL\eAOM, 60M6oc6paCLIBdTeAeM, PdAHOCTdHlIHe:iJ: PCE, Cpasy aa Kd6HHOit urrypnaira pd3Mel.l\dAC5l rpcroennapar A<DA-1. HHKdROT'O 5poUl~ PO!3dlHHl Kd6VJHW ClKMnaaca He IIMeAH.

CaMOAeT C·2 6blA OCHillQ8H ABYl'15f cnapeamaMif MOTopa~m M-t 03n MOIl\HOCTbK! lIO 960 A.C. Ka)KAWB I·ra BWCOT8 4000 l'I, C B03AymHblMif BHFrraMH aBTOM(lTaMVT BltlW-KE BBe. 58]-[30- 6aKIT - HelIpOTeKTIIpOBaHHbIe, o6IIJ;efi eMKOCThlO 660 AlITPOB, B KOAWleCTBe Tpex eMKocTel1 pa.3MeuJ;8HbI 13 qHO 3eJlJlJ:Ke , Cpa3Y aa ABHraTeA5IMH.

a. C-l , cHa6lKeHHbliii cnapxoji M·l 03 c Bblpa60TaHHblM pecypcoM nepe.a npo,AysKOiiis aapoAI·lHaM""IecKol1 TPy6e. 1940.

The S-1 wi III Ule powerplam conslstiuq of lWO M·] 03 enqines installed in line before wirl.d tunal evaluations.

9. "'Mex.aH ..... LJeCKaR cnapxa" MOTOPOS M-103.

The "tween M·l 03" power plant.

10-11. CaMOJ1eT C-2 nepeA lleTHbIML-t' HCnb!TaH.IIISJMIAi. BeCHa 1940.

The S-2 prior to fI..iQlll tests. Spring 1940.

16

BbIXJ\OITl . isre naTpy6KIl peaKTHBHOrO TIITTa BhIIIOAHeHbI B 8YlAe csapm.rx KOJlAeKTOpOB, o6'heAlIHmo~x maxxon Il3 rpex Il).'[JIJIHAPOB. CHIl3Y KaITOTd ABIlrdTeAen lI1\IeeTC51 B03AYX03a- 60PHllK (rrdTpy6KFI CKopOCTIIOro uanopa).

Paaaaropsi BOAlIflOrO OXAaJK,i),eH (!.fII I~BHra"r'E'Ael1 pa3Mell.\eHbT TIOA (PI03C!Ml)l<eM. 3AeCb >Ke, B OAHOM TOHHeJle C BOA5[HbIHH paAl1aTOpaMH, HaxOAHAHCb ABd llJIAHHApWleCKUX 8-AIOMMOBhlX j\IaCAOPilAHdTOpd . .3dAHlUI qdCTh TOj·meJll! HiI'reeT nOAI3H)!(II')110 CTLlOPI(Y peryAHpO!3KH Ox.A'DKAC'IIYlH ucex pa,:.\J.JaTopOB.

Tlapy CAOB 0 KOHCTpyKll,HIl (113 'roro, 'ITO He CKa3aHO BhIIlle). KpbIAO KeCCOl·IHoro THlIa, HOCKII KPbIJld H XJ30CTOBbI8 -racTn no BceMY Pd3MdXY Pd3'he~lHble, TIPllCU8AI1lU11l)TCH K 1_(eIITPaAbHOH '{aCT}! rnOMnO,\a[V1 Yl. KpI,IN) COei'lyllHIe-r'UI C cplO3eJl5f>K.l"M I, 4-x yaxax,

CTa6HAU3dTOP XBOCTOBoro orrepenna IIOABfDKHblll, ynpanAeHfle C nosiomsro IlITYPBdAd li3 Kd6lllibl IllIAOTd. KOHCTPYKqH51 oIIepeHHJI dHdAOrH'lHd KOHCTPYKI\1111 KpblAd.

OCHoBHoe maCCH OAI-IOCTOeY.lloe, YOHpaelVloe 1'la3aA C n0l30- POTOl\1 na 94', C'I'OMKH npn 3'T01\'1 3dKPbIBillOTCH 06TeKdTeAel\L OCHOBHbJe KOAPca noxyoaxonaoro TliIIa - IIOHd'ldAY 700x220, 3ilTeM, B IIpou;ecce IlCTIbITilllHl1 3illieHeBhl KOAeCili'lII pasr-repa 800x250. B CBH3H C YCTMiOBKOH YLlCAHYClr)lJ:,TX KOM!C, 118 H (01)1\- 1'[eM II (me px ~[OC'J'J.f KphrJlil n05fBIIAC5I IIpIlAilB-06TeKdTelu, AA5I IlX IlOAHOIl y60PKl1. KOCTblAbHOe xoxeco 300x125, opneirrapyromeecs rrpz PYAeJKKe, B noxere YOHpaeTCJ1.

fOCYAdpCTBeHHble ucru-rrauun, 1·ICl4dllIJII1f'C51 Cpil3y nOCAe IIepBbIX nOAeTO!3, npOAOAA<aAHCb BiiAOTb AO 25 llIDAH 1940 r. l1cm,rraHH5I BeAH AerqHl( l--f.l;f11 BBC rrOAKOBHliK A.11.Kd6dHoB H unypMdH n.I1.HIlKH:TIlH. bbIAd AOCTHTFJYTd MdKcnr>'IdAbHd5T CKOPOCTb 570 K]\1i'ldC na pec-reruoii I3hlCOTC.

AeTHd51 oueuxa B .l\eA()M or,lAil IIOJlO>KHTPAbHiHl, npnaaanaAOCb, 'ITO ynpe tlAeHH€ npocroe Ii AOCTdTO'IHO JlerKoe. Cd]l,IOAeT xopouio CAyilldADl pYAeli aa ncex peJKIIMdX IlOAeTa BIIAOTh AO MdKCfLIdAbHbIX cxopocrea, llAdHl-rpOBal-H1Yl, (-la6ope BI>ICOTbl 11 Hil BHPaJKax. OAHaKo [II,I co "891 YAPAbHilll rrarpyana na KpbIAO (Lta aeplloi1 Mall I ~II-Ie OblAil 171 Kr/j\'12, rta BTOPOll, B CBJ13Il C B03- POCUIMM aOM!THblM BeCOM, COCTilBHll.d 246 Kr/~121 pestco YXY,IJ,lTIllAEI B3AeTHO- rrocdAo"IHble xapak'repncrn KI~ ca M.OJleTa. n OCN~ o'rpsrsa, ne CKOPOCTH 200K1>-liyac, caMOAeT ;'·leAJ\eHHO Hill)aJJJ;llBaA CKOpOCTb AO HdUUbll'OAHei1:meH CKOpOCTll nariopa BbICOTbI - 300-310 KM/YilC. OKpy:tKmOrn;I1M u3POAPO~'i HI111 BBC Aec IIdXOAI1ACH na PilCCT051HllH 2 KM OT MeCTd CTdPTd, li CdMOJleT B3AeTaA 6YKBdAbHO HCIA nepxymxasm coceu. ITOTIbITKI1 1ItIIOAb30BdTh aa B3AeTe 3dKpblAKl1 "CDdYAep" OII-lY'!'Yll\1blX IWAOJKliTeAbHbIX pe3YAbTa.T0I3 ue AaA~1 11 OT rnrx OTKa3aNICb.

OYe]ll, CAO>KHOi1 ObUlU IIOCCIAKU. C-2 rrxanapoaaa C OTKPbIT'bIMH :.lUKpbIAKElMH na CIWpOCTfr 240 KM/qaC, Hd 1l0CClAKe 6b1CTpO Tep5TA CKOPOCTb 11 CTdHOIl HAtH ~1 C1J1oyC'I'O i1 Y H B1>1 M. no OT- 3hlBy ll.eT9HKa. tAO)KH bl e J33Ae'l'l-I(J-IIoca,lJ,O<JHble CBOi1CTBil AeAa,\ 11 .. C" AoC'rYfD~ blM TO!\hKO ill1AOTdM BbIcllieti KBdAilCPliKdU;Hli.

17

COBEPWEHHO CEKPETHO

AOnOARIITeAbllMM fleAOC'raTKO~f C'lHTdAClI C/l111l!RO)1 MI1HNhl~1 IIOC castoxera, 3aTPYAfl}1I01l\I1H 0630.p TIMAO'ly npa BhIXOA Ha l~eAb. Y nrrypneua 063CP BHH3 3aTPYAllil.ACH Te~'l, <ITO. cTel0\eHJle 3a6pbl3rI1J3aAOCb l'ldCAOM, nO.KpblBaAOCI> 1111.1\[,10 11 rp~13blO IIpI1 B~'1l1.eTe, l-leYAo6Ho.fi OKd3d.AaCI, Ji:Hpy3Kd 60MB '110'- 1'03 OTKPblBae~l['lrl q;OHapl, KC'i611Hbi.

00. pe3yAbTil'I'dI'1 HCTIb!'U1HHH CdMOAeTd C-2 I1PI-l3.Ho'lBBAOC:b, 'ITO AOC'I'HrHYTa5£ MaKCH laAbH<l5I CKOPUCTb 570 KM/'IClC flB/ureTCR HlOKe Tpe6yer-ml1 lid 70 K:M/'JaC, nOCQAo.'fHaS'! CKOPOCTh 165-168 KM/'I(lC CAHlllKOM 13 ['ICOl<d5£, AaAbllOCTb no,\e'ra I-IHJK,e iHloAeHHofl (700 KI'I ad ckopocru 0,8 or MaKCH,\'la,\bHOH BMec-

'1'0. 1200 K~l IIo. nOCT(laOB,\eHHIO [«()~llneTd 060pOIII,I).

XOTII no. BbIllie03Ha'lCIJl~W:V1 [JP~f'lHI-lai\'! ca~mA r "C" rocyAapcTBeHHblx I1CITbITClIH1H IIG 13 bIAe pJKaA , 0AI-IOUP ~1'>ler·IHO 0"1"IVIC'l8AOCb: " ... CaMO,\!:!T "C" ~B,\51('!TC5J 3KCrrepl1MellTi1AbHblM ca;\W;\eT()~I, na Ko.TOPOM anepasre B C0103e pema . ..,aCh :;aAa'ld

)'BeAIf<leIIHfl MO~H()CT~j D11E1TO-~IOTOpIIOrl rpytmsi 6e::l y-n9AI'I'leHIUl A06 noro Co.np()T~ln/\9HI1R, H 3"fiJ 3Maqa KOHcrPY-KTOpUll! npaKTH'IeCI<I1 pellleBa .. ,

CO'leTaHHe Al3YX )\lo.To.POB B ONION arperare c ycrrexcxi MO)KeT O',ITG 11C110Ab:301iaHo. .aa caMOAeTaX-11CTpe6l-1T(!;\5lX C TOAI< dlOlli,11 )\-1 H tlI1HTa.MH Ii ua GOM6apAl1 po nruaxax }I 0 P~1MbIio.iil ABy""XMO"I'OP"OH cxeMb] , Y,{YlTbIBdSl 1'1 ClII WI Vie MaKCH Mi1Ahl-1 O}J CKOPOCTI1 570 KM/qaC na BbIC()Te 4600 I\Il 11 1l03Mo.JKHOC'l'H co HOBhtLUeHI151, a TaJ()Ke l1MelOllI,YloC51 B 3",(o)KI-IOC'I'I-> YCTpaBeHH5I Ae(t)~KTOB, no KOTOPbIM caMOACT II> BblAep)Ka.f\ rocacrrsrTam'lH, H 1--1 I--r BBC Kpacuoji AP~nlM C'II1TaeT Heo.6xON!~1(_'IM, B uepayio o'lepeAb, yAY'IIIrJ1'fb F:I::l"9'THO-rrOCO,\O'lHhle cBoi,Je"l'lli;l, a 3m'eM JUIOBo npeJ\"M] BI1Tb caxroxrrr II,] KOH1'pOAblll ,Ie ucrrsrraHID! B HvtVl BBC K J rpeupexsr 1941l'.

C'll1Td'l'b "co6xOAIB1hl~! nposecra cxexyiorrrne paoor r. , R L(i\ rI.-1 M LJ,J!!Alvk

18

12-13. CaMoneT C-2 nepeA neTHblMH l!1CnbITaHH.SlMl.1. BecHa 1940.

The Fauler-type flaps on tile S-1.

14. 3aKpblnK .. T .. na nCbaYllep" ua C8MOlleTe C-1.

Tile S·2 pilot's and navoiqator's cockpit canopies.

15. C!>oHap .. Ka61-1H neT""Ka " wrypMaHa caMoneTa C-2 B nonycAB"H}'TOM nonome!!"" An" nocaAK"/BblcaAK" 3K;L.1na>Ka.

TIle bomb bay wi lhout weapons and WiUl 4 AK- 1M cassetss.

.BbI5I1lVlTI, xapaxrepacraxn COOCHhlX BliHTOB, BbJill3HTb J3bU'oN-lei1u [loW YCJ\OBH5I pd60Thl cnapeHHbIX ];<IOTOPOB na OAHon o6.w;ei1 MOTopaMe", TaKI~JI" 06pa30M nOCTpOMKa caMOAeTOB "C"

npH3HaBa.~aCI, KaK [)01\O)KIlTeAbEblfr cpaKT . Dpe/KAe lje~-l rrepefrra, j{ IJpOAO!lJKellliIO H aaKJ\IO'IeHl11O llCTOPllH, HH.lKe IIPllBOAHTCH '1'a6!1l-1- 1.111 OCHOIJUblX XdpaKTepllCTI1K caMOAeTOB "C",

OCHOBHblE XAPAKTEPIr1CTlt1KIr1 CAMOIlETOB "C"

Halt1MeHOBaHVle AriVlH8 Pa3Max nIlO LL\ap,b nOIleTHblC1 Harpvska MaKC
nOIlHa51, «puna, xpstna, Bee, Ha KPbtJlO CKOPOCTb
M M M2 Kr Kf/M2 KM/Y
ncce«r 13,05 11,4 23,1 - - 640
C-1 12,816 12,21 23,428 4000 171 400
C-2 12,816 11,38 22,9 5652 246 570 ----~--~-

/ ~ - -- ----...,.___

19

COBEPWEHHO CEKPETHO

rJlABA 2. aOnOnHlTEnbHAH

l5 qJ€Bpa)UI 1940 f. [r.e. eure ,IJ.,O E-ICl'[il!\i'l IKIlblTaHHi'"i C-2) dBMdIl)lOHHbIH KOHCTPYKTOP Gl!pHeB, coeu.l1d:H13Y1PYIOlI\HHC5I Ha C03AaHl1H I'MAPuca ",1 0,\ ICTO u, ooparu;dl!TC5I B Haprcoraar aBHClllpONI bll.lrAeH HOCTH C lIpOIC KTOM cuopocrncr'o caMOAe'ra 6" lO. B JJpeACT1'l.l3AeHHOl'l :')CKWill.OM upoea're 5-10 onpeAe,'IJIAC51 KdK nc'rpeoaTeJ\J,-nepeXBaT'IHK 1'IAI1 rrllKl1pYIOll.\H~i 6oN6ap!'Ili P01311\H 1(. BI,IJW,\J IYH 1\1,) Dr no cxcac AllYXO<JAO"'IHDl'O ~1M:3K()lT.i\aH(l C(l"IOAeT tiel'. B [c6e M"HO-

)KeCTIlO HOBIlWCTB: TrexKo,~eCl-loe IllilCCI1 C 110- COBOD: ortopon, KpbVl.O C Jl.dMMHapHblM rrporpnAe~l NACA 23012, cnapeumae ABll:raTeAH M-107 C TUAKil.EOll.\HMH COOCHbIMlJ creThlpexAorrilCTHblMM 13J:UJTd~U'J·. no pac-rcrasr na 13-.l 0 n peAIIOAara.i\OCb U<MY411Tb M ,I KeY! M <1.\ 1,I-I.yJO CKOPOCTb 318 K'v!/'Iac.

OCTaJlbl-IbI€ pacnerm-re xapaKTepHCTHKf1 HO- 1301'0 CKOpO<;1"IIO['O V!(7pe6IHe.I\5f-nepeXBaT'lHKa Eepneua 6bl.~.V! CJ\{"IWIOU~Y!N11~.

20

16 -17. fpY30BO" orces 6e3 60M6 I< C 4-MA KaCCe,aMI< AK-1 M.

Tile bomb bav wilhoul weapons and with 4 AK-1 M cassetes.

18-19. 3arpY3Ka 60 ... 6 D ·rpY30BQ<1 OTceK np .. nOMOUJj,H xpana.

The loading of the bombs into the hornb bay with the crane

20. <t>oHapl1 Ka61<H 3a'KPbrTbl, a $oHaph rpyauaoro crrcexa OTI<;PblT An" 3arpy3KV1/Bb"' rpY3KI<, "60M6.

Both pilot '8 and navrqators canopies are closed while tile bomb bay access natcn is seen in open position.

r He TOAJ.:..KU 6~Pll(!B U6pd1LT,aA~ CU K_ i:103r..IO,:.T-C,HOCn1 .I!CiiOll.b30· nilHI-HI n",18Xa.HH1.reCKoii: crrapKll" lL·\H COOCHhIX BUHTOB. OAun" IB IICPObIX. eiue n 1934 f. I [PCAiJ.O_o1IJ .~a)\ ec UpnM,eJ1ltTh Hfi (:":A.oer.1 AeT~ H) u,e::'l'j -rpeyrOAbHUKe .JiCHn.lari KOHCTP.YKTUP A..\CKCa.IIAP MoC.I{.tlAeB, 01-1 »ce H I 940 ["~ .H n poexre ~l(~T(WJ· IlIef, A() AKII CAJlvI-J9 () P" e HTHponaxca Uil coocusre BHHThI. Cuapxa ,1j"uttr(lTe/l,CI~~ M- t 03 au.h~1j\E1 en. i{_J\.I04eR hi] fl.,) ~heME;:tnUM

Eo npoerrre 'leTblpeX!\'fo1'opRoro ncrpeij'l"feA!I Tanpuaa OKO-9, IHI :)TJI AOl1fdTCJ1I' pace ..... HTw!h~..i\ BJ.]K'J:n p lieJ\!:!;eE$j npoeicrullyn CliO» AsyxOaJl.O'''[Ahlf1 IICTpeOllTeAJ> 30M. K()HrTPYRTOp A..'\.pxallre,~bCKlIl; B IIpOe:tcfe ,MfiJiHHIM "T" tca.r..W,i\(~T noAAepMKllj Be;\ rrpl1lll1/J.,KH rroA COOCHhle BIiHThT.

A;l.l111a (i\'l) _" ... " .. " .. , • , .. , , ..••.. , n ,260

Pa3r.rax Kpbllla (01) ."., ',. _ .••.. , , . _ 13,0

TIlIOm;ap.b KPbL\a (M"!) _ .••. , . . __ . _ .••. _ 26,0

DOA8THb1I1 Bec (lIT) , , , , . " 5870

f1P<U('I'11 QeClVll1 nQTOi\OK (~'ll ' _ , , .. , •... , .. , 10000

AdAbH()CTbITOAeTa (KM) """"""""" _ _ _, " 1.000

Hp08KT :6-10 paccMaT]JlIBClACfI B rAaBHOlv' YnpaBAel-HHr dBl1allHOI-IHoro CHaO)KeHM5! KpaCHO:H: AP~lI1H (TY'AC KAl. _B aaMIQ Y (eli 1-10 no Tl eMY l-OJ30Pl1AOC b, 'ITO caMOAeT BnOAH8 peClAeH Hera pa3paF.ioTKY MCJ)I(HO BlVI_WQrrl'l> B rllI.a [-I 1941 r. OA/-IaKO B CB5l3H C 601l.bllIO~1 3arpj?KeJ-U-IOCT_bl() )(:6 Eepnena pa3pa50nwH nepcneKTHBHhIX fHApocaMoAeTOB, paocry no E" 1 0 npezwarai\OCb nopy-nrrs :60AXOBHTHHOB"l, T.K.nOCA€AHll:H: "lIKe cnerraa,'J13I-tpy8TCH B 110AOOHO:H: TeMaTHK8,

B COOTBeTCTfllH1 C pellJel-lHe,YI f1paBl1iTeAbCTBa OT l B MapTa 1940 r. AClAbHe:H:lliaH paoo+a no 6-10 n opYQClAaCJ:, f.iOAXOBl1Tl1- HOBY, nplI"tleM B ero K6 npoercr 110AY"HA 0603Ha'-lecUle "_VI", BeAYll-lID1 no caMo}\ery 6blA Ha3Ha'leH AM.l1caeB.

3CKl13Hbl11 npoercr "11" Obi/\. llpeACT,UJAeJ I 3KCnepTl-JOH KO-

l'lliCCIUl HKAn H OAoopeH em 21 cerrrnops 1940 T', B L\e)\1)1I1 up 0 eKT HanOMHHdJ\ 6ep HeBCKH:H: E-1 0, OAHaKO ABl1rdTeJlJ,l npeAfio/\.a,raJIHCb M·105 (KdK oOAee peall.bHhlej, IIlI.Orn;dAb xpurAil y-MeH bl11HllilCI./\O 20 1(Il_K'I, ~WKC:11 Mi:'l.Abi la)) thOPOC)"!> rrpaanoAaraAaCb 675 K~l/'lac, B AaAbHeHllJE'l'.'1 0pHeHTHpo13aJ\.HCJ, ace paano na M-W?, 3dAa"la no c03AaHHI0 ero crtapxn 6hIAa nopy- 4eHiJ pbI61'11ICKOMY ~WTOPI!O;\ly 3ClJ30AY N~ 26,

Paspsoorxa "VI" sexaci- BIIAO'l'b,1\O IWCII."I -1941 r., HCIIOII.b- 30BClAilCb 13 QC"HOBHOM KOHCTPYKIl)UI, OTpa60TaI-lHiHl' ue ca-reAeTe He". OAHOBpeMeHHO 6blAO MHoro uoaoro, B'IaCTHOCTl1, KPbV\O'TOlI/\.H13HblH, oaK 113 3l1.eKTpOHa, C TOAllJ;HHO:H: 06III1lBKH AO 4 M"I. OC13(l.l1.lJall.aCb TeXHOAOrl15I IlP0113BOACTBa 3AeKTpoHa" MeTQAhl 113 rOTO BACFII1;1 /'l,eTo)Aeii 113 11 ero If MHO roe AP Yroe. CaMOAeT YYKe 6bllll-la'laT 110C'rpOHKofr, KC!I'AiJ IWO)KHAaH/-10,25 enpexa 1941 r. EO)\XOBI1THHOB 6blA Bbl3BaH na npHeM K 3dMeCTHTell.lO HapKoMa aBlIdnpoMbllilAeHHOCTII no ABHraTeAeC1'poem1Io "GdJI.dHAl1HY, TIPHCyrCTBOBdJ\H AI1peKTOp 3dBOAa NQ26 Aaepe art.en H rconcrpyrcrop ABHcilTeAei1 K,UUWB,

TIPHCJHHOH Bbl30BCl HBHAC5I OTKa3 ABHraTeAlICTOB 01' "ste-

21

COBEPWEHHO CEKPETHO

~$$!

_$_ _ElL

-- .n, .n, _Q_

XilHUlleCKQH cnapxa'' M-I07, TIo HX MHeHIIlO, C03AdHI1e nOAoono(1 CHAOBOil: YCTdHOBKH B 0003PUMOM 6YAyu~eM npeACTa13A5lAOCb "'IaAOpeaAbHhIM, M-l07 J'[BJlJlADI BeCbMil "CbJP&IM" [.1 HeAOI3eAeHNbIM, C'UITdAOCb, <iTO na 3TOM CBepXHarrp5DKeUHOM /),UVlraTelle fIPM YCTaHOBKe YA.iUmeHHOrOBaAa, na pil60'll1x 060pOTax MOTyr B03HHKaTb onacrrsre peaorrarrcmae f1BAeHI}}l, CIToc06 liMe npanec'ra K paapymemno KOHCTPYKqUI1.

KpOMe Taro, ABHraTeAHCTbl VlMe)\[.1 Of'pOMI1hrii lIAaH lIO BbJUYCKY ceplltmO}I TIPO;-\)'Kl.\MH, seMI CAO)K,HYlO AOBOA"KY ABHraTeAerr 1v1-105, M-107, M-120,

B "Ka'ie CTB e "CA il,AX 0 '!if n VI}\ 10.1\11" 13 DAX 0 B IITHHOBY npeAAOJKHAU Bhl6paTb AlO6oH ABHTilTeAb, ~13 VlMelolu.uxC51 B crpaae, H nepepaticrart, nOA HeTO CBOrr rrpoexr. B 'lHCAe T1peAAO)KeHFlbIX 11MeAC5I 11 AH3eAb 1\1-40, conepuieuno ceu.pernas AoceAe urryaonrtaa. BOT ira HeM AorOBapHBdIO-

tunecs CI'OPOllbl H OCTaHOBHAHCb. lvl-40 To)Ke erne ue ObIA AOBeAC~JI AO xorrna, 6bLA T5IJKeAOBilT, OAHaKO pacxonoaax B 1),IlCl pasa MeHblIIe TOllAHBd no cpdBHerUIIO C OAHOTIIlIHblMH 6eH3vfJ-(OBblMll ABMraTellSIMH.

TIOIIhlTKil npacnocoem-s AH3eAb K rrpoexry "11" OKa3aAdCb ~1a_i\oycnellLHoH, B pe3YAbTdTe 50AXOB!1THHOB BepHYAC.HK CTapOH cxer-e, no rnrry "C", B C60e~'T JlHCbM'e B rrpdBHTeAbCTBO OB TI1lCaA:

H" .Flponry nopymrrs ]\lHe HMeCTo caMOAeTa "VI" '" caMOAeT OAHOMOTOPHbIll, eM-40, era 6a3e pauee nocrpocnnoa 111amIIHbI HC". IIpIIAaB eM opyxcae, crpexarotuee '{epes BHHT COT!hlCHO 110- )KeAdHIl5IM 11,B.CTall.FfHil [rouopsrr, ,[TO CTaAl1H, ocno'rpen "C" CKd3aA: "06:'lCTI3mtTb o6crp::'>A. BIT3POA lf~,p:n NICK BRHTel" -lvLM,)".

113BecTHO, 'ITO 3TOT liOBblH. rrpoexr AaAee He peaAH30BbIBaAC5I B AaJKe He HMell cuocro Ha3Ba· HI1H. OI),TIClKO rrpeanoxaraxocs, 'ITO 3TO 6YA€T Ma-

21-22_ BI1A MOTOPHOi:i YCT3HODKI1 C3MoneT3 C-2 C60KY 11 cnepeAI1.

The side anel tront vew 01 the S-2 powerplant.

23. npoeKT C3MoneT3 6-10. 1940.

Tile 6-10 aircraft preliminary project.

22

24. Flp .. 60pHb,H I1I .. TOK mn""Ka C-2.

The instrument panel of the S- 2 aircraft.

25. S"A pan .. aropos aOA .. Hb'X .. B03AYWHOMaCllSlHbIX.

Tile radiator with two oil coolers Inside.

26.PacnOJlOlKeH .. e

np .. 6opoB .. opraaoe ynp8BneH .... H8np8BoM 60pry Ka6 .. Hb' n .. JlOTa C-2.

The starboard cockpit console of the S-2 aircraft.

27. PacnOJlOlKeH"e np,,6opoB " opraaoa ynpaBJleH ..... Ha JleBOM 60PTY Ka6"Hb' n ... no'ra C-2_

The po'1 side cockpit console a I Ule S-2 aircraft.

IJ uura a.6COAIOTHO HOPi'>'ldAbHOn cxer-u.t, C OAHOIU1,\eGl>lM onepeHHe~'l. Flo IJPCAlldpvrr8AbHbiM rrpHKTIAKa~-[ CKOPOCTb N1iliLi HI.I [,1 BbDCOAHAB 585 KM/yaC na 7000 N, 60i\10 500 xr, Aa..\bHOCI·b 1200 KM, BoopY)KeHHe 2x12,7 MM nnepez, H OAll-l WK'!\C HB3C1A.

OAHoBpeMeHHo EOAXOBWl'HHOB Jlpe/~O)Kl1A trpoeicr 'leTbIPCX[\'IOTOPHoro 6oM6apAHpOBIIIH.Ka "An, OCHOBHOl1 ocoocuuoCTbKJ xo-ropor'o (;TaJH) pa.3J'vlell\eHHe A~I3eAefi M-40 TaHAPMIIO, OAHH 30. ApyrHM. PilOCH[>1 1[0 6o~·16apAl1pOBIIIIlKY BeAMcr" Ok BaKO 6hlJlli apepBaHbf B CB513H C Hi"lLJoN)M BOMHbJ.

OCeHE.fO 1941 r. KE EOAxOBJ1"n[ HOBo (K6- 293) 6bVI.O 3Bo.KYupoaauo B IIoceAOK BlllI.lll\-r6a.H IIOA CBE'PMOBCKOJ'vl, na 6a3Y ~Ti)CTCpCI(I1X "cDoToAeT". HMeHHO TaM B KE B.$. 60IlXOllHTI1- HOBa paaucpt [YAoCt, anorrerr C03AaHH5I paae'rucro ITCTpeOl-tTE'A5I BYI-l. XOT5I caMOJ\eT TlOAYLJHI\ ooo3Ha'leHHe "BY!" no 30.rAaBHbIM 6YKBo.M ern aBTopOB - 6epe31H1Kd 11 l-lcaase, MHOl"".HC YUOPHO po.CIIlII¢POBbIBa.i\.H HHAE'KC "13],1" KaK "HCTpe6HTeA I, EO/lXOnIiTI1.HOBo".

23

COBEPWEHHO CEKPETHO

3nt npoee

\ I

KOHCTPYKLlMR Kpblna ceuonete "C

i I

1

24

II

I

CaMoneTC-2 MacwTa6 1 :72

OeKLI,MM BbmonHMn M. MacnoB

,

«eoxec <p103enR>Ka ceuonete «G"

25

COBEPWEHHO CEKPETHO

rJlARA 3. 3AHllIOlfMTEJlbHAR

Bec.S!>!il Ba)KHbDI }'lOMfo!JTI{J M n M CTOPHH caxroAeTa "C" npeACTd13i\51C'I'CH TOT c11aKT, '-ITO OR npeABOCXHT>1A (;0601'1 uexoe aarrpaaxerrne 13 pa:nHITHH MI'fPOBOlI ilB11alJ;I1H. B KOI-II.1,e 1930-x IT. HaMeTFIAHCb npeAC)\bl AilAbHeHillero YBe.lillcreHHH CKOPOCTH TI.Oi\CTi) NUl caJ.WAeTOB C noprnaensrrau AJll~ ra'J'eA5DH1. B03paCTillIi'Ie }-romHOCT)1 NIM.f'ilTf>Aej1. YBeAI1'IeHHe 11X BhlCOTI-IOCTH nprr cymecrayronrax KOI-ICTPYK'J'V!BHblX orpann'1eHHIDI: AHaMeTpd B03AYWl-lbIX BHHTOB npnnexo K Reo6xOAV!MOCTH Y13eAH'IeHllH 'li1CAa AOHdcTei:1 nun-ron, a TaK)Ke FIX pa60tIeli IIOB~'PXIIOCTH. lib scex B03l\[Q)KHbIX napuairrou ,I OAyqeHIHl HaJ1- 60/\ee 3qxpeKTHBHoro I3Y11-ITOBOro AB!1)KI1Te,\5I, BRHMaHHe KOI-ICTPYKTOPOB Ha'-IaA11 npJilBAeKan, COOCI-lI.Je noaz.yumsre BHHTbI. B COBeTCKOI\J Coroae J.lCCAeAOBaHHH B 3TOH OOACl.CTV! llf'AflCb B L\ArJ;t, pe3YAbTaThl ObIM! OOl.ldPOAOBaHbI B cepeAHHe 1941 r.:

"KTIA COOCllblX H HHTOB rrpa OOllblIIHX OTRO~i'!rexr.ru.rx rroc'rynsx (6oAbma5I rrocTym, 1H11-1'I'i,l, 'I',e. 60AbUlOH iuar, COOTBeTcTByeTTlhl(;OKOH J]oAeTHOIl CKOPOCTH - M.M.) 11(! 2-4% nsrnre, '1e!'[ KTIA Ok nero 113 OAV!I-i04HbIX BI1HTOB KOMOilllaJ.jJ'IJ1.

Ha pe)KHMe B3heTa, IIpH YJ'AdX YCl'aHOBl(H AonaCTeI';! MeHbIDe 35", KnA COOCHblX BI1HTOB HeCKOllbKO Mel-lbmc, yeM KnA OA~IHO'IHbIX BHHTOB. TIPH Y13e.lHf4NlI-lhLX 3Ha'ieHIIIDI: K03ltJlIJvn.\Heirra MOIL(i-rOCTI1 T51Ta COOCHb1X BHHTOIll-la pexceMe B3AeTa 60Abme, '1eM THf'a OAH 110'4 HE.IX BHHTOB C nOKpbITHeJvI (pdBHOl\CIIIIO paOo'get[ rrOBepXHOCTH BHI-ITd - M. ~1.1. pilBHbD.I Cy/>IMapHOJvIY noxpsrrmo COOCHHIX.

AAl1 'roro. '-ITO ObI MO~I-IOCTH rrepennerc II 3aAHero BHHTOB OblAV! OAI1HdKOBbl npn AOCTll)KeHHll MaKCV!Mi),\hI-lDrO KTIA. YTOA YCTdHOI3KM i\.on<lCI·('l7i 3aAHero BI1HTa AOA}KeH 61>J1'b ua 1-1.5"

!>IeHbme, 'J(~}'I yrox yeTai-IOBKH uepenaero BillITa.

y!3N l' II e II VI e pil CCT05JHHJl Me)KAY BI1HTaMH KO!vlOH II au 11 H B rrpeAeAax, AOrryCTHMbIX ITO KORCT'PYKTllBHbIM C006pd)KeHI15!N (13 npexexax 1lIk1- PI'lHbI xorracren), 3aJ'''TenfOI'O BAI111HH5l aa BeAH'-I11H)' KITA He 0 Ka3 bIBaeT".

K CO)J(ilM'IHflO, TICrrOAb30BilTb na rrpaKTHK8 npOBeAeIlllbie HCCAeAoBaHHll C0J3eTCK11~J illlHiIcrpoirrexsxr B nepuoz, BOHllb] He AOBeAocb. IToCAe ec OKOH4(1HVlll, H3 TpoqJeHHblX He~renKHX apXV!BOB CTaAO H3BeCTHO, '-ITO B fepMdHHVl n nePHOA 1941-45 rr., 6b[AI1 rrpoucaeusr 06IJJHpElble HCCAeAOBillII1ll COOCH 1..1 x BO:3AYlliHbIX BHHTOB 13 a3pOAI1'IldJvIVl'leCKDH Tpy6e DVL, xcropsre ITpaKTH'-leCKI1 COBITaAii C COBeTCKI1~lH' pe3YAbTaTdJvlH_ OAI-IClKO, Kdl( ll3BeCTHO, He"'IIIW Tal0Ke He ycneAll BHeAPHT:b COOCHble I3IHlTbT B )KI13Hb,

B pasrap BTopOH MHPOBOH BOHHbI, KorAa i\-I.OII(1-l0CTH CiBHil_U;HDHHbIX nopmneasrx ABHraTeN'l1 Il03pOCAH AD 2000 x.c. JiI 60Aee, YCTaHOBKI1 COOCHhIX BHRTOB Ha'IalU1 HcrrOAb30ni)T[,e~1 B AHr)\illi 11 CillA.

AHfAHI:.iCKiHI cj:mpMa "}>OTOA", coaaanmaa B '1942 r. Ofl_bITHbIH oopaaeu iYIOTOPUOH: 'rpyn n bl C COOCHbIMH BHHTaMH, K I<OTlI~y BOHHbl OCHaCTVlAa ero HCTPe61He.~b "CW'j)d-rip". nflA06Hble YCTaHOllKl1 C YCII('XOi\l OblAH peaAI130BciHbI rra A13)'X APYI'HX OUblTHbIX HCTpeOHTeJ\5IJC IVIB-5 fI Xoyxep "TOpHClAo".

B Cl.HA B TOT iKe IlepV!o/\ COOCHble B03AYlllHbIe BHl-ITb! npHMeHHAllCb Ed. OllhlTHbIX HCTpeowreMTK XP-75, XF-14C H XB-42.

YC[Jex, OAHaKO. OKa3aAC5I 3d[J03AaAI,IM, H60 TpHy'}.upaAbHoe BOC1llCCTIlVlC' l'a:10TypOHHHbIX ABHraTeAei1, cy/lJlIU,HX J'opa3AO 60Aee BbICOKHe nO;\eTI.I ble CKOPOCTH, B 3Ha'-IlITeAbl-IOH crcrreu» ey3HAD B031'10)KHOCT11 rrpmeencuan 1303AYUJj-1 "IX BHHTOB nootuuo.

28. BI'IA xBoCTOsOrO onepeHIMI .., KOCTbl.nbHoro xoneca C3MoneT3.

The laitplane and the rear undecarrtaue leg_

26

vI tlCe-TdKHBHHTbl C nporaaonoxoxo IhlM BpillJJ,eJ-rVfeM rramxa rrpaneae~LHe. B Hd'IdAe 1950-x rr, 1<.13 A_H.TylloM~Ba, B fIO[1CKax YBellll'leJ-HUf #1)\(>1-[0- CTll DOAeTa npa coxpaneurot BbTCOl<oro nOKd3dTeA5I CKOPOCTH, C03AaeT crpaTerH'IeCKHH OOMOap,l,HpOBIU;HK Ty-95. 3TCL 13bIAaIOl.IJ;a5!C5I C'lallllH-W, KOTOPd5I snOG\eACrBH-H 6bfAa rpenrrpopxaposeae B nacca)ll.11pCKHi:t Ty-114, xeraer 11 110 cefl Ael-Ib. YCTaHOBAeHHble ua Ty-95 4E''I'I.,lpe ,L\BHTdTe_l\5! HK-12 KOHCTP)'KU;HH H.KY3HeU;OBa pa3J3I1I.lafO'l' :'WU],HOCTb no 15000 A.C. KaJKAbIMl113paIL\amT COOCHble 130 AywH&rE' BHHTbI. Momaefinraa ClIAOBa5I YCTCl rrOBK.il B coxeraaaa C Til K VlMH BHHTaMH n03BOAlIeT AeTa.Tb Ty-95 co CKOPOC'YblO (Hil 3dBOACKHX 11CfIblTdHHHX cssrme 900 K.~~/ 4 a c), n peSOCXOA>Llll,ei1 CKOPOCTb JuoGo ["'0, KO rAilAH60 nOAFH:lMCl Bill e I '(1(51 B BO:lAj1X 13l11fTOBOrO car-ioxera.

29. B"A wKBopHeBoH YCTaHOBKI1 06opOH"TeJ1bHoro nyneMeTa WKAC Ha caMoneTe.

Tile ShK.AS machine gun mountmq.

30. Hora C KoneCOM " Me><aH"3M y60pK" " Bblnyc.Ka uraccn.

Tile main undecarrlaqe leg_

27

(crnm; If op</>orpaC/JUfl coxpeneuu} HOBbl~ Ml1pOBO~ pexopn CKOPOCTI1

23 OKT>16pS'l 1934 r. VlTaflbS'lHCKV1~ lleT'-lV1K A,WKeJlflO YCTaHOBVlil HOBbli'i a6COJllOTHbl~ Ml-1pOBO~ peropn CKOPOCTI-1 Ha rnnpocawonere MaKKI-1-KaCTOJlb,o,1-1 72.

HOB~i'i MI-1POBOA peKOp,o, paBBH

709,2 KM/4ac. 3TVlM caMblTvl A,/J,>KeJl1l0 n061-1fl CBO~ c06cTBeHHbli'i pexopn YCTaHOBJleHHbl~ V1M 10 anpena 1934 r: Ha TOM xe CaMOJleTe M paBHblV! 682,4 KM/"IaC (CM. «T. B. Q:J.» N~ 7).

PeKOPAH~V! noneT COCTO~JlC~ Ha 03epe rapna B 15 -iac. 23 OKHl6pH 1934 r: npn 04eHb XOPOWlt1X aTMoc¢epHblx yC1l0SV1>1X.

A,o,;i<enno cOBepWV1Jl 4 noneta no 3 KM co en e,o,YIOLLI,lt1M M PS3YIl srarau V1:

1) c cesepa Ha lOr. ..

2) C iora Ha ceaep ...

3) C cesepa Ha ior .

4) C lOra Ha cesep .

cex. 15,29 15,19 15,18 15,23

KM/4ac 705,883 710,433 711,462 709,034

Cpe,o,H~>1 apM¢MeTVl4eCKa>l 1-13 3TV1XLJ,VI¢P naer HaM LJ,lt1cppy HOBOro peKOPAa - 709,203 KM/Clac.

CaMOIleT, Ha KOTOPOM Anxenno nOCTaSMll HOBblCi pexopn ~SIlSleTC~ TpeTbll1M Vl3 cepnu B 3 caMOIleT3 MaKKI-1 72, nOGTpOBHHOVi ,o,Jl>l y'-laCTVl51 B COCTfl3aHVI>lX na KY60K WHeViAepa 1931 r. Ha nepsov lt13 3TMX CaMOJleTOB Aaxenno YCTaHOBVlIl cBoVi nep8blV! pekopn Ha BTOpOM IleT'-IVlK Kaccnaennn YCT8HOBVln MMPOBOV! pekopn ckopocra ua 100 KM 8

631 KM/'-Iac.

TpeTIII~ CaMOllST 80 BceM I'IH,o,eHTlt1'-1eH ASyM nepSblM sa MCKfllOlJeHVleM 38MeHbi MSTanIlM'-IeCKlt1X nOnJlaBKOS ,o,epeSS'lHHbIMM, Mel~bw8ro 06b8Ma (SSM,o,y YMBHbweHI-1H KOJlVl'-l8CTSa ropio-rero).

MOTOP Q:JVlaT As-6 6blJl nonpoouo onacaa S T.B.Q:J. N27 1934 r. OH paaensaer 3000 fl. c. npM 3 200 06/MV1H., "ITO npVl sece MOTOpa S 950 Kr ,o,8eT y,o,eJlbHbllll eec 0,319 Kr/n. e. MaKCIIIManhH851 MOLLl,HOCTb, KOTOpylO paaenn 3TOT MOTOP npa nocne,o,HeM peKOPAHOM nonere, paaua 3 100 n. c. Haraerareru, MOTopa ,o,eIlaeT 20000 06/M VlH 1'1 nornouiaer 200 n. c.

- (<<Aeroplane" N~ I223) r.A.

IlnEHI rPA

HAil

31no C/1}"HlAOCb, Korga 51 llWAbKO HCI'-lLlHaA LllnncpeCOBC1111bCfl ucmopueii apmUAIlCpuU" J( aOBY CKCl3CU11b, 51 UCKpeHHe C4.wnOA B mo BPCM.}J, 'Jmo snaio a 1"1Cti Bce UAt! nO'lmll BCC" MHC KCl3aAOCJ" umo B llC11lOpUU ome'leCmJ3(~I(lwt1 UpmU/lJ1CpUU (OC06CHl-lO - aplTIUAAepllU BpCMel"l Bmopoii Mupolloa llOal-lbl) see Y)i{e gaBl-lO C1W3aHo II nomOMY MaAOUHlllepeCHO" Ho Cn7a[J.I.>IC tpomotptupuu BCCrgo MOlHLAIl J"!eHJl, He3OBUC!BW om moro, lllllO HG HID( 6/-'010 (j,306po){(ello"

TWI Bom OgHOJKgb!, AeHllBO tiepetiupon KOHlllPOAbKU nerauuumoro cjJol-igo. L{cllmpGJlJA-iOro MY3efl BoopyJKel-U-1b!x Cllil. I-lG agl-I.oil U",3 NoUX }{ 1J9Pyr yBuge/l eel Kos OntlCOlllb BaM 'I}'BCll!BG 11 3jIWl.IUU, OXBOmUBw.uc MCI-(F/ apu ./Juge Iwcnw;uqero llygO? fJepeg MOLl"j B30POM npeqcmasa nytuna, I/O }«!KG51?i Oua ognoBpcMC1-ll-1O naxoousn l-W '!I1W-J1W go OOAI1. 3I-1.QJ(QMOC u u 1110 Ji\C BpCMfl He 6bulO nOXOJi\(ll-!U HO OgHy U3 ussecmnux MHe apmcucme«. fJ nOl-lflA, 'IllW nO)l}"l!lJl ygop 110 CCLMOA100WO Hu.x<e nOf/CO, u60 51 /-Ie 31-10/\, nmo stno 11WKoe, Ilpasqa, COMOA106ue Moe ecnope }-j.eMl-(OFO yrOMOlWAOCJ" - 30K03Q1-lHafl cjJOlllorpmjJUfl 6buW npegcrnO£iAeliO IJCeM «opmU/JAepWlcKllM nstupan», HO HLlKllIO (I) U3 HUX He CMor qanu. BHflm.HOI'O omsema na eonpoc: «Hmo 3DlO 111ClKoe?)) [omom rj)QK1T1 lJJ'WA Mecmo fj 1990 roqy, «orqa 60AbUWHCmBo U3 ceroqnsuunux «[lPXllBHbLX UlU8WWB)) eu.jc J1WAbKO geAa.Hl tiepeue potinue UlGl'U HCl 3mOM nonpuiue].

HE CTl\l-IY YTPY>KAATb BAW YM orrncanaer-r 'roro rryru, KOTOPbrii IL}JHilDI.OCb npOAeAaTb. BhlllCHlUI 11PHpO,W nOllB/lCIIHll rra CBeT JTOrO )'l-lIIKaJ\.bHOrO C03AaHHH - ero ormcaaae :,aHMCT He OAllY crpamrny. 3T01' CI-O:>Ke1' CTOM. aaasrrerr, 'ITO 3acAyxurnde1' OTf-\PAbH1)I'O II(meCI'110BdTJ.I151_ CC['OAH51 MHe npocro XO'leTCH noAeAHTbUl c BaMH TOM VlHC!)Op'~lall,)'lei1, KOTOPYTO YAdAOCb COopa1'b 06 3TOll YHHKaAbHOM, K 'rO_\'I)" )I{e 1'10<:011101'110 3a6L!TOii cerOAHH rryrnxe.

Bo-nepasrx OTJVleTID'I, 'ITO rrymxa, 0 KOTOPOTI I1AeT pem, no~II3H_,\aCb B :rI'OM OGi\I~K\:, TllAbKO 13 1941 1'_, HO ua BoopYJKeIDIe npnaara ae 6hIA11_ 11 B TO )l(P BpeM~ oua cocroaxa lid soopyxcemiI'I PKKA._B rrpeABOeI-fl-Ihle rOAs] H He C1.IWfaAaCb peAKofL n panAd. e~' «POAHO.~I» 06ARK ObIA HeCKOAhKO IfrIbIM. Hcropas ee CCJ~ 3AilJ~vffl OCIE.'I-II, noy-urre.u.na H HaJJl.r\dChB o-rem, OKa1'O}'1 Bl1Ae, IT3Aom:eHQ)·r B xrmre B AeM VlAO Bil "C II i'l pH(I.I ,I IV,I lj) porrra». Docrapacnca nepeCKa3a1'b H HeMHoro AOIlOAl'll1Tb 3'1'OT :'f11Tep UclA.

B 1i(l4dAeI110J'\51 1941 r.AiVlIlOrrOJl.HeHH5I CJlJ\, 311llJ,Hll(ilHIIIHX J\emmTp11A. B !'OPOA€' lIa'l"_aAOCb rpopsrapoaaane AennnrpaaCKoi1 apMUI1 HapoAHo1'O 0l101l"l0H.1151" (J\AUOj. I{ 5 mOM .aa COOPlIblf," rrymcrsr j\AHO IIpUTIlAJ! fiOAPP 77 'l'1,IC, J\l'11 H I rrpdlJ,uea. Hx l-IeooxoAI'IMO 6bI1l.o 3KIllIHpoBaTb H BOOpy:iKWI'b. Ecx« co Crpell.KOBbB-l opy)KHe~'l 13 I1KlAe OCOOblX BOrrpOCOB erne He B03HHKdAO, TO apTHlIAepVlH l)bIAOT3hIN'J1eI-IO na nepnyio AUBf1- 31110 (10 500 'leJ>.1 BceTO 3 noxxoasre, 16 1'I,11I1H]HUlll!bIX 76~lM nyurex, a TillOKe 2 - 122 JvClv[ :rryIITKYl 11 12 - 1;')2 ."1~1 l·ayGHL\. Bropas NU3H3HfI (13 000 'IE.'.i'\"J l!OAYCII.J.i\a H roro )IeHbllLe: 17 IlOAKOBbIX H 9 AUBH:)110flllhl.x 76l'IM nytues. a 1'aK:>Ke 9-122!'!M raycan craporo otipaane. B ceHT516pt~ B apxuno oTIJpaSA5{)I.HCb y/KC AaJKe ycrapeanrae 95 yiN H 87 M~l IIOfleIlhle nyllll'.J'1 11 37 M M 6aTd/l soun we opYAH51 na CTaHKe P03eH6epriJ I q-la K'I'11 'I ,,CKlI JI)'lllKH fO'fKf.fca, CTJ)('NTBlJJtle C1'aAbHbDU1 1T cryT'YFLHblMJt 611JI.BaI-IKa]\-JU). Flpcraaoraaxcuux !IYJIH)I< ne Ub!flO COBce~1, a H~lel'l no ax Tpe6oBdAOCb KaK Mo:lKHCl fiOAbLLfe.

28

rOpOA CneIIIHO Ha'-ldll H3],ICKHl3aTb peaepasr, HOO uerrrp Hll'W:;;'1 He ~IOI' IIOMO<Ib ero 060pOHC. ITPI1 06C.M!A01'lilHHH crapsix aanacos 11. 3dAeM1B Ha:Jano/wx «Boxsurenux», N9 ,17'1 HM, BOpOWHAOlid Y111)l{OPCKOllj 6bl;\11 061liJpY>KeHbl 45 MJvI Ta.HKOBble rryrunu o6p. 1932 r., CH5ITble C T-26 11 ET n xOAe peMOIITil 11 MOAepHl1.3illJ;llH BOOp¥)Kem'I,I, npOBOAH~'WH B 1940 r. 3TH rrynnoa AilBHO Fie rrpoH3HOA!'LI\HCb H rOTOB:HA!1CI, B (:BOTI ({TIOCAeAHBM llY'l'b» - Hd nepenA<JBKy.

l'vIO)l{HO [IC Y'1'<)'-fH5lTb. '-ITO OOAee rroxonanu 3TUX UPYAHI~ OblAH qaCTWIHO HeI\O)\'[rtlleKTHbl Ii rpeOm!il!l.H peMOHTa, HO uow.ce KOAHQeCTI30 nx, I,D>I\~CTe C peMOHTflHMl1 45.\'IM TaRKOBbI"rrr QPYAH~n'm OONce llOBhIX 06pa3110B, HaOpa,\OCh 110 «3ClKPOM(!M)) OOJl.ee .l500 (B AllHCCf'I'IHH HapKOMaTa BoopYJKeHlli.j OT 17 aerycra yxaasraaerca 1560 0PYAI1:U, XU'I'H AP),TV!e T'fCTO<IHHKI1 AdlOT APyrue 11,J-Ili)PI,I),

np.vIOM:I:3II'l'e)\lo.Ho 200 oPYAYI~'[ OhlJl.O nepeAa[10 H[] i:1)KOPCKHH 3dBUA, fiW 01-111 Obl!I.H rtepeaeAClHbl B KdIJOH.Hpm,IC H IIOCTYJIliAlI Ha ofioponuTe.illiflble CllOPY)Kl"HHH JUTHHH 060pOHhi ropoxa. Ta)1 )!(C lIeCKOJl.j,KO rrynrea rrOfll.J\H ua noopyace- 1fl.1(' KYCTClpHbLX. OpOHeBI1KOFI.

OAHuKO, ace clT}1 paBoTbl zre C<rIITa/lliCb IIp!']opwreTH.bIlIlli. 3<l,I\<ly.a, f10CTaB)\eHHa5l OTN'I'O,\'I BOOpY)KCIIIHI YnpaBAeHH2 ApTCH(6)KeTIH7I AeInllll']JilAcKoro rppoara, 3aKJ'JO'fdAilCb B npenpaJ.L(el·lliH 3THX rrynrc« {{B uoxeusre nporuaoraiuconsre» , Tlocxe pacOlOTpeHIT2 HeCKOII bKH x rt poexTOU ToROH rrepeAehKH, Ko~mCOI>1 OAo6pHAd npeAAo:m:eHIIe HluKeuepil H.IT.AHToHoBa, :Vb

1- 2. 6o"'Llbl J1AHO

3HaKOMSlTGH C MaTeplo1allbHo~ "f3CT'bto npOTl.soT3HKORO'" 3pTl1nnep"". OceHb 1941.

Exersclses of anti-tank defence at Leningrad Iactor .

3. 3tlH"T"'~ no oTpBlKeH"Kl TBHi(OBO" aTaK" ua ymlLlax JleH"HrpaAa. J1eTo 1942.

Tile anti-lank defence exersclses In the street of Leningrad. Summer 1942,

29

npeAOC'l'aBA0lHlblX 1'11'1 .AB)IX BapHaHToB «45 ]VIM I'lpOTHBOTClHKOBT>l.X nynrex oOp. 1941 r.», M51 Vl3- rOTOBlI.eHH5I ObUl. oAoopeH BTOpO(I, KaK Hill100fl.ee npocron .B peaJU13aIJ:Hu. TIpoeKTIlp0.BllIUK Cd]>l B03rAaHH.~ paBOTI>1 110 1l0CTp0i1 K.C' IWPBOi1 cepuu 113 10 0PYAHH [rrpeABapUTeAbHlOIX HCIlblTdHl-U1 He rrpOBOAHfl.HU3-3d HeAoCTdTKa BpeMeHH). 11 acxopo rOTOBU0 nyinxu, NiB rro OAHO]vIY nporinoMy nstcrpexy, OTnpaBHAf{Cb ua CPPOl·IT.

5 aBrycTd M.51 OPYAl'lfi OblAa JlJrOTOBAeHa ocHaCTKa H HX cepnmrce rrp0l1:1BOACTBO Hd'ldlI.OCb. XOTb nYIliKH U3rOTdBAHBaAUCb lIO OAHMM -iepre)!(aM, nee OHU HM0Al'] !-H2KOTopble OTAH'H15I, CB5l- 3C1HHbre C "MeAo'JeBKoVi.», KOTOPi"U1 He nl\l1J'1.~a Hi! ooeBue Kd.'IeCTIld rrymxa. TaR, nanpnuep, B XOAe npOM3BOACTBa na HI1X CTaBillI.M pa311.M'IHbl8 KOJl.eCa, a.BTOM06HJlbHwe., T8Ae)KHble, crreIlYlaAbH ble t\b'lbHOCTa!l.bIH>le 11 T.f.\. (re, xa KYfe ~lOrM1 AOCTaTbJ; XpOHH'IeCKd51 HeXBaTKa llpML\eAOB aaCTdBJLIL."l.a H3rOTOBl1TeJl.en CTdBHTb uHorAil «ca~H)CTpO[,LH bJC Tpy6KI1»·; nom-men C.HI13I1Tb ecc nyllIKH npl1BE'lI.H K HE'o6XOAT~MOCTH ycraHollKH Hd Hee MeHbillero 1I1I1Ta H TA

TeM He r-renee, cepHElHoe IIPOH3BOACTBO llIAO AOBOAbHO Pl1Tl'lH'IHO. Y)!(e B 111 A8KClAe asrycra MI uoopy .Il(E').) [1)1 M cTpe6 UTE'!l.bH O-T[ POTI1J:lOTa.HROBblX lloAPd3N".J\.eHl~fi U AHBH311fi HilpOAHoro OnOll."CJeHHH 6Mfl.O CAdno 179 IB KHMfe B.I1.AeMHAOBd npHBeAeHa L\ucjJpa - 185) 0PYNIH, a K

CeHT5l6pI0 :no KOJl.W1eCTBO YABOUAOCb. '

/VJH01'I~E' apTI-1I\,\E'PHCTI,1 pyra/ll1 ~ITy 11)'IIIK.y.

DHa He OTAl1'!aAdCb BblAilEOlIlHMHCH XilPdKT~PHCTHKal'lil; npsrraxa npn cTpeAb6.e; Aa.,'l.8KO He BcerAa i3b!6paCbl.J3al\a rUAb3Y; 1~,orryCl,aJla (<]-lC'AOKilTbl» (IHIOT'Ail. .11pHXO"VIAOCb .l:lpy'l.Hyro 1·laJ<aTblBa.Th ee TIOCAe BblCTpeAa) n T.A .. KpOMe Taro, nee ee OhlA He MclJ"l.e HbKH.JV1 , a OTC}'TCTBHe nOAIllI1Ilr'Jl1K013 Ha KO,\eCi:\X CHJl.bHO TOPM03l:!!l.O ]vleiJ\O'fUCAE'HI·lixf:"1 paCCIE'T OPYN~)'J up« O!CHe n0311!.\i'1f!. Ho HeDIOTp51 Hil Bee 3TO - nylllKil MorAa npoOUBaTbopOHlO HeMel.\KMX TaHKOB, a TdK)!(e COI1BiiTb nYJl.eMeTbl M B Ol1blTHbIX pyicax np05lllA}l.Ail ceO}) IIH'1YTh nc XY;Kt' crmci1 cecrpi-t o6p. 1937 r. np0I13BOACT"BO nyw.KH [,Tf'Cl(OAMW

. tfaiiAetJO paspemeuae CTa!H1Tb na 3TI1 0pYAI1SI Aa.IKe BHHTOBO'fHble QITHI'lt:'-Clu1e npH]~eAhL

4. ,pac~.eT npoTHHoTaHKOBOv. nywKIII cepscaara HI1K .. qlOpolia II 60llx nOA nynl(ol'lo. 311Ma 1942/43 IT.

SgL. Nikilorov's anti- lank gun Grew in battle for Pulkovo. Winter 1942-1943

5. PaC'leT npoT~BoTaHKoBoiil nywKvl np .. npoperae 6J10XaAb' JleHIo1HrpaAa. 3101Ma 1943 r.

Anti lank gun in action. Winter 1943.

pas OCTdHaBJlI1BalI.OCb B BHAY OTCy"TCTBH5I Ka:kHxMiBo Ae·rdJlE'J1 (·YdUJ,E' ncero 3TO 6blAl1 KOAecaj, HO ncxope B0306UOBfl.51AOCb. COl'fl.aCHO OTyeTdM rppoura B rrOll.eBOl'l napnarrre 6WAO npOH3BeAe- 1-10 651 45.iVll\1 o PYil,He, 1·ldXOAMllW!1XC5I II BOlt:cKax }\eHIJHfpaACKoro rpporrra AO cepe/~HHbl 1944· r.

•

30

-

COBEPWEHHO CEKPETHO

«

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M%Xul%Jl 'J'tt3/X1/{;1-t

AOpeBOA10l(llOl-lJ-lb1e 3K01~OMll'leC1we Cm13!1 POCCUU II CiliA ObUUl C,WObl. OC1-1OJJJlhI_MIl BHeillHe.9KOHOMll'-leCKUMunuprrU·iepo,Vlll Poccuu 6b!AU iepMWIWI, cDPWll(UJ1, 11 l-IeCIW..1bKO MeHbLUel! cmel1eHU - Besunotipumonusi. nOCAe OKfl1Jl6pbCKOil peBGi1IOl\Wl 11 0111- KQ3a cosemcxoro npU[lUmeA1,clnBa om qopesosiouuonnux gOM'OB 60Al,WtlJ-1CJJlBO 3Q1WgHblX rocyqopcmn pa30pBOA/_/_ gWlAOMaml1'-1eCl([W OmIlOW€I-ll))l C COBemcKoll Poccuell u qosroe BpeMH ue tipusnauasu ee. Oquaso C me'-leIlUei"ll3peM€HU, g-UI1AOMaJllU1leCKQJI 6AOKUgQ CllleVIO CMloelllb_ Eu(e B xoge rpascqaucxoi; l3(JlLHbl ObulU YCl1WHOB.JteHbl qunottuiouienun MeJKgy pcmcp, C ogHotl cmoponu, IJ_ OOAbUleU u 3cmoliue[J, C qpyroii. flocJ\€ JWH!jJepeHLI,UU B PanQ;tAo, no «ornopoii PC(JJCP tipusuasa TepMwlU5I, COHemcKoR POCCUJI 6blMI npU3JlOlIU 60AhLUUJ-IClnBOM sanaqnoeeponeticsux rocyuapcme. Ooc1egHRR U3 BeMl,!(UX qepnca», Ctll/s, npU3HClAQ CCCP B 19331',

Oquaso omcymcmnue gU11AGMarrW'teCKoro npu3HuHUR onuuoqi, He NeUlCL-l() mop/'OB;b1M CBR3RM MOAogOl1 pecny6!Huw COBelllOB C BegyuluMU B meXHU'ieCKOU ciiepe qepscasauu. ssupa. COBelllClwe nponume/ll,cmao Cnet(UClAbHO gAR 31ll11X lie.tWU C0390..10 l~eA,po cell:!, rpOPMClAbl-W HenpWWmeAhCmB€HHbLX xannepnecxux KOJl'tnUlIUU. {/f3 3moil cemu HG1l60/lbweil 1I311eCmlll)C1l1blO nOAb30BC!ACR AP1WC, ocyU(eCrW1MIBw_Wl cOBemcKo-6pumClHcK}'1O moproesso u nOIlY'lUBUlUU cKCLHgCi.!tbHYW U3BecmllOcmb B xoqe cotiunuu: 1926 r.

31-10'WmeAbHO MeHbUle 0611WCllllleJ-IJlOCrtiL :lI-!Qem 0 qmpMe, c03gaHHot1 gll5l opronusauuu mosapootiopotna C ClllA {/fMeJIHO sma optunusauusi - "Aumopr", U nepuee, ee YOBoeHHClR qesunesunocui», CBR:J(III.I-II1}1 C Oi'iOPOHHOt! npOMblllV1elu/OCJH/,1O U CH(10)](eHUeM PKKA, u cmunefll me~-Ioij 1-IOCDlOfll!J,€li CllWlllbl1 .

npOABld)KEHI!J.E AMEPj;[KAHCKIfX' rOBapOB ua cOBe:rcKui1 pbJnOK 1-lil'lilAOCb )fJKe B 1922 r. npanAil, B TOT l'OA npoA)'K1J;llJl "made in USA" B COBeTCI<Ylo POCOHO He n:POAaBdAdCb, a 1l0- CTaBAJlAaCh KaK ryMillll-ITdPJ-iilll uoeroun- ITO A<rm'lTf ARA I . E:w,ii B 1920 1'. A.K.Ma,pTeHc, [-lil3l-lil'leHHbI.t;i OCpnlJ,HaAbl-lblM ynOAIIOl>W'lel-Hfb1ll-l PCCi)CP B CWAi, C03,~ilJ\ AMI OPfdHJ13(~HI1 COBeTCKo-aMcpI1KdHCKOi-l 'rcproaA11 KOl--mamHO "Flpoaexcxo" (Products Exchange Corporation}". OARaKO AeAa y nee He uoiuxa . APKOC C03Aa,\ C130e axiepaKaHCKoe oTAell.eFme, O/l.HoKO ono (oTAeAeHlle) aocnxo ITpKO I! [,1 Pil)Kel-U-lbli[ xapaarep FwrrOMordTeAbl-lOrO 1l0Apa3AeAeHIJ5f rtpn roJ\OBHOii AOJ:IAOHeKoif 'KOl-ITOpe. "lTO lie cnoC06C'TBOB<lAO pa3BHTH10 TO p roaeix cBH3ei1 C C06CTBeHlJO CmA. 3a 1923-24 rr. conoayn- 1161M: 060 pO'J" "Tlpoae KeKo" If "A pxoc-Asrcpnxa" COCTaBHA OKOAO 5 MAI'1. AOJ\J\, ,l'y\JJ cpaBHeHHlT MO/Kl10 YKLl3d'1"b, 'no 060pOT TOJ\hKO TexoTAeAa Asrropra B 1924/25 f_ JrpeBh1Cl-V\_ 9 MHA_ AOAA-. a BeCb 060pOT Al\I'rcpra a 'l'ml rOAY COCTaUHA 47.5 MAl-I. AOAA. ,l'y\5l_ nepnoxe "/, . .0 .. l\JInopra" xapaxrepua nOCTOlTFmd5T KOH1{ypeHlJ,I'ifI Me:1KAY "TlpoAeKCKO" u "Apkoc-Anrepxxa", a -ra.K)Re naAJ1'll1e ~1aCCbJ BceB03MO)RT-ThfX rrpOXOAI1MlIeB, SblAaS8BtITVlX c:c,05J 3il IT peACTaBlueAeiil pa3,\lT'-IlIhlX COBeTCKI1X BeAOMCTB If Y'1peJKAeJ-lwi Pa3)'MeeTC)1, BOT /3,e!1Te,\bHOCTb TIOA06HblX "npeArrpmm~'ldreAei1" 6b1Jl.a CITAomID,DI )KYAbHI1'leCTllO}'I, OAH([KO 110CAe ,lTilKO'MCTS<l c JlOA06HblMfl "KpaCl-rhTllnr (}Wll-leCMeHal'fH" aMepHKalTCKI1C KOMMepCClH'I'bl c-rapaM1Cf, i\epJKilTl,cH (JT PYCCKI1X

.. aeTh 1 ... HEJlEfAJIbHOE. TOpmPEnCTBO

xorrrpareirroa IIOAaAb1JJe. POCCI111cKO-dMePHKaRCKjllO r'opronxto ITbITili\C5I HilACtAI1'l'b H ne6C3bL."lLleCTI-lbli:t A. XW'lMep, C03AaBlUHCI AJl51 3'1"01-0 CneU;H8AbHYIO KOMnanFTJO "AAd:\1epHKO" _ K 3TOi'i: qmpMf' y COBe'1"CKI-1XIlAClCTeD 6bG\a rOAbKO ON'li:1, J-!U aaro O'leHb 60AMLJa5f npeTeH3UH. XaMMep BO rA.asy yrAd CTdlHIA 3KOHOMH'leCKYJO 3rpcpeKTI1BHOCTb orrepaUHii, a He 1\l1peKTlIBbJ BCHX, 11031'01>IY e1'O KOMrrilHH5l He l"0Al1AaCb aa a}1ITJ\ya "HC'Af'raAbI-lOl'O TOpl'llpeACTBa"_

3TH oticrosrrexscraa 'rpe60Bw\H C031-\il- 1-fr!5l oprauaaauan, COTleTalQTT\8I1 n ce6e craryc 8MepHKaJ-.iCK01'O axuaonepxoro 06- Il(eCTRa 1-1 C!"{H1(I1}U{ CClBeTCKOJ"O 'roprrrpeaCTIli] , OCUOe1-ll-lU lla)!'-.HbJl'>'l 6bUl.0 rrpenpa"l'11"l'b 3']"0 I'HIIOTeT]o]T,eCKoe :l'tpe>KAel-lI1e II 6e3YCAORT-loro MOTlOnOAHCTd B 06AaC-l'11 coReTCKO-il~lepI1KilHCKOU 'J'oprOBIIlf, ra« KaK H300HAl1e PCl3Hoo6pa3HhlX "xo,)"o){()Il" 01' COBeTCKMX 'rpeCTOB n CHI1AHKdTOB H I1X B3aH~JHail KOllKypeHL\lUl lia iLMepHKaHC[(OM p6J1-lKe npHBeAJ1 1< 06B~H01>1Y (laAeI-U1l0 ueu J-la cosercxne 3I<CrrOpTFIT,lC TOBilphI a, COOTBeTCTBeHl-TO, K nOI\OPO)!<dHlllU TOBapOB, 13 HMTlOpTC KOTOPblX 6hL\ 3aHHTepeconan CCCp,

Asrropr- 6bLfl. C03AaH nYTeM CJ\J-f.fTHH5l "ITpoAe.KCJ{O" H "ApKoc-.AMepl-rKil"iii J ~ta5l 19241'_3 B HbIO-I/IOPKC Kax 'Id.CT'l-lOe aKlIHOHepHoe 06l1.\eCTBO AM! BblllOll.Hel-lllfl 3KCno pTJ-lO- H!'-1110PTHblX orrepartmr 1'1 AorrYlll/'HO 110CTaBOB,\eHlff'M I'xanxouneccxoraa npn Conrrapxoree K TOpJ'OBbDI orrepa~Hin1 n CCCp, }QpHA1NeCKH Axrropr ilR}\.fTAC5l 111~OCTP([HHO,ii 'JaCTHo-npaROROI;l opra.J1113dll,lIei1, pa_60TaSUJefT H CCCP na OCL-IUBCUlHI1

IIUCTal-lOBAeHfl5T BqHf( If CHK (IT [2 aupeA5I 1923 r. "0 TOPl'OBblX ouepauanx fIHOCTpdl-lITblX QJI1pM". COBeTCKoe n:PilHHTC'ALCT- 80, B paMKax rrpOBOAHMOH C 1921 T, Hoaoii 3KOHOMIT'-IGCKO-H- f10JlJ1THKI1 AOllYCKilAO H<J cODerCK"1I1 BHyTpeHHHJ1 PblHOK eIl\e OAFry JilTpilHH'lHylO KOJlomaHI1IO, TOAbKO If ncero. Ha AeAe ,1\JI1TOP1' npeAcTilBAfI,\ COOOM. cpal<Tl1crecKH. COBerCKO(, ToprnpeAcTllo, )lJJOA- 1-f0MO'leT-TFlOC npeACTilllJ\JlTb B CiliA FoeTopr, 3dKrDcrupr, YKPl'oC-l'Opr. CeaaarrrocTopr, AdAbf"oc'l'opr, 3KcnopTXAe6. CaxapOTAell. BCHX 11 Ap. COHeTCKHe oprtuus. 11i'1eBllu-re KaK11f>AI100 3KOl-IUMH'leCKHe HHTepec]'! [l Axicpus,e. TIafilJJ,ilKaMfl-coll .. vaAC_I\_Lll,d~U1 Anropra JlBA5IAllCl, l-rapKOMilT BHewHe11 TOP1'OB r Wl, focTopr H APKOC, Pa:3YMef'TC.fT, cyri, A."1TOpl'a O'leHb CKOPO CTaAil cexperora 1l0AHlllHHeNl [10 06e croporrr.t okeaaa, HO PYKOBOACTRO Ar.rropra ynopuo AepJKaAOCb aa Aerf'HI'IY: "MLI - dl'>'lepI1KaHC\(oe axtraouepuce oouiecrso!'' B 3TOM OhlA CBOM CMbICA, TaK KaK 3Ta Q;lOPMYAil lI03BOMUl.a aMepHKaJ-TCJUI~'1 6H3necMeHdM, aamrrepeconanrn-rv n KOl'>'IMep'leCKl1X CH51- 3JlX C i-'occHei1, HO He )KeAillOw,J1X rrpnoopeern J-lyLYIAJK "KpaCHb1X", coxpansrrr, peeneKTdoeAbHoe AJU(O IIpH CO-rpYAHH'teCTBe C .!Iu\1'rOprOM. nO~'fHMO aror-o. crilryc ill\1epaKaHcKoi"i' KOM~n"pl[eCKOrl KOMlJaHJoLI1 06ecrre"lH13aA Aerropry HeKOTopbte HS]I.OroSh1e JlOCAil6AeHH>I.;v C APyrofl CTOpOHLI, CTaTYC (U\-lepHKanCKOC! KOMrrdHl111 aepeAKo BeA K roM)', '{TO 13 CCCP C I\-!OCKOBCKHM OTAeAe:i-meM Asrropra JlbITa·'l.HCb 06palJ_~ilThCil KaK C 3al'pdHH'lHoi1 C!)f!VMo(r - 6paTL TL\ury 3d 3AeKTp03l-feprHlD no ABOMI-IOMY TilPlll"py,

1 AMepHKaHCKafl 3AMHHHCTpaLJ,Vlf1 nOMOIljH (American Relit Administration) 6blna C03,1laHa B 1919 r AJm nOMOIljH nOCTpa,llaBWHM HapO,l:l8M EIlponu. B yaCTHOCTH. nOCTaBI1f1I18 npOAOBOI1bCTBVle B nocrpanaaume OT ronona 1921 r: paiioHbl POCCl-'1l-1.

2 Oq:,l-111,l-1am,HOe Ha31laHVlC - "AMTopr Tpei1Al-1Hr Kopnopesium"

3 OAH8KO aKT~BHafl KOMMep'leCKal1 ,qeI1TeJlbHOCTb pa3BepHYI18Cb TOI1bKO C HaY'ana 1925 r.

31

COBEPWEHHO CEKPETHO

BeCTI! Bce pac-rersr B BaAFOTe Ii 'r.n. BcmUIl:t paa Tpe60llaADC1, OCOObJE' pa3MICB0H1HI, !]OCAe KOTOPh[X MOCKOBCKoe O'rAeAeHl1e Asrropra npnpaBHl1BaAOCb K 6roNKeTHblM opTaHH3aIJ:H51l'1.

3a6aBHO, 'ITO Hov!6oAbIlme HeYAo6cma CTopa HB !lKaJvI ceKpeTHOCTH NJCTa IlA5lAil He dMepl1KaJ-ICKWiI" a l1MeHHO COBeTCKdli IleqaTb. He HCKYllleHHa5l 'B TOHEOCT11X !IOAHTH'leCKoro 3THKeTa, KaKa>l-IHT6YAh "ON<CC KiHI rrpaaaa" ~lanpocro M.orAd OIl y6AHKOaan, TeKC'f Tllua: " ... B'lepa M3 AJi.lepHKH B uanr T.'OPOA JJpHBe3J,D 20 TpaK1'OpOu "¢OPA30H", aa KynJ\el>1 ['IM}!: naur 11 /J[ ToprnpeAcnlOM B ClllA (ANTO pr)", KWI<,ll,b1l1 TaIWH "npOKOA'" BbJ3blBaA pa3rHeBdHH)'IO Aenemy f:l3 Hbro-!/[opKa C T]Je60BaHI1>1111H "rrpexparrrn, - yCvIAliTI, - 06ecneQliTI,", d llorrpOCTY - B[]palll1Tb M03n1 1·11'0 B Mepy 513blKaCTblM rd3eT'!I1KdM .. Bnpo-iera, npecca AOCTaBNV\a AJi.ITOPry HeYA06cTBa He TOAbKO Hd3bIB,N ero "roprnpez.crsosr", 1-10 11 nOCT05JHJ-lbIM pa3rAaWeHI1€M }nJ(pop~Ialljl1H, KOTOpa5l Ha 3dndAe lIllNl.AdCb KOMMep'leCKoil TaHHOll, a. B COBeTCKOM C0103e 6hL\a 06UWAOCTYllHOii:. Hanpnraep, B 1926 r, BIOlA CYll.\eCTlleHHO COKPdIl(ElJ.f rJAaH m-mopra rpaxrcpoa. Ha 3'1'OM ;'10)KHO 6bl~ AO csrrpars, .A06MBIIIHO, AbrOTHbJX KpeAMTOll, HO HHCpOpMal.lH5l 0 COK.paU«"HHH nxaHOB 6blAil ony6A111\OIlaHiI B "3K.OHOMI14eC](011 >.KB3HI1" U "Flpaaae" - Il pe:;)'J\b1'a-re KPeAI1Tbl AMTopry AOCTaAHCb aa crapsrx YCAOBM.!lX. He crpoatuerecs CTahHHrpdACKOM TpaKTOpHOl>1 3illlOAe npefl,TIOAaraAOCh CTpOI1Tb -rpexrope THrra "v!J-rrepH:'JWHA" cpnpMW "Me)KAYHapOAfiilli KOMnaHllll )KdTBeHHblX )'>laIlIMH". B CB.!l3M C 3Tm1 N1TOPry 6HMf rropyserru ceKpe1'HT,le neparoaopsr C IVIK>KM 0 1I00zynKe TeXHOJ\urHH J1 J\11l.1eH- 311H. 0 CI)aKTe Ii resre cexperrrsrx rreperoBOPOB f[e3aMeAJIHTeAbHO 6bl,\d Orry6AHKOuana CTaTh5J B "3RoF[oMH'leCKOIl /Kli 31-1 H"! BeH.lljOM "[JOAPblBHOH" Ae}lTeAbHOCTI1 coseTcKoH rrpeccsi CTaA 3ill130A C ctJl1PMOM "KaTepuMMep" B 1930 r. 31)' rpnpsry npearroxaraxocs rrpWBAe'lf, K rtpoex'rapcnanrtro JJ CTpOHTeAbCTSY 4eASJ6H1-ICKOro TpaKTOpHom 3dBOAd. OAHdKO ua npeABaplITeAhHblX neperosopax aMepI1KaHCIUfe KOHTparearst BbJCTaBHA.ll O'leHb )'KeCTKlle H He" YA06Hhl0 AJl5l COBeTCKO:H CTOpOHhl )'CAOBHR. '-{TOGbl CAOMJ1Tb COnpOTl1BJ\eHHe HeYCTyn'IHBbIX 6113HeCMeHOB, 6blMI npea-

rrpunsrra rnwpOKO~faCUlTa6Hall ilKj_\H:5J·. BCHX OIlYOAJ1KDBaA rtocrauonaern+e, B KOTOPO!VI ymepJKAilJ\OCb, 'J'l'O 4eNl.611 HCKHH 3aBOA 6YA€T rrpO€KTHpOBaTbC5f COBeTCKI1- MH CneU;HaJ\JICTa~!H caMOCTO>lTeAhHO 3'1'0 )K0 rrOA'fBep>KAaJ10CI, Il mrrepmsro OCHHcxoro-, 1l0Mell.\eHHOM B neLIa''I'H. EpolIS AeNiOHCTpa'fl1BHO IIJlI1CTYJIHA K rreperoaopan C "i'VIlLHC 4aJ1MepC" (cpHpMa - KOHKypeHT "KaTeprrI1AAepa"). Ka3aJ\ocb, erne 'l)'TbLlyTb, 11 "KaTepIlHAlI.ep" ApOrH€T. Ho ... 9 illmap5l 1930 r. raaera "3a lIHAYCTpMaAH- 3ar~HIO", HH"JTOJKE' CY"IlHIl.uecH rry6Af:lKyeT :;aNJeTKY, B KO'WpOH:, ITO i.·1 ~IMO llpo4ero, co- 06ll.\deTCH, 'ITO B AMepI1K)" C U;€Ab.l{) B0A€HBI! neperoaopon 0 CTPOMT€lIbCTBe -lexa- 6HHCKoro rpanropnoro 3aBOAd C (jJHpMOJ1 "KaTepnHAAep" 1-10. npaBAelld KOM,f:lCCH5J [lOA llTJeAceAi'ITeAbCTBOM T. /\OBHHil.. ITP,I- 3Ha'l'bCfl, Y PYKOBOACTBCl Airropra Oh(1I.11 rrpll'IlIHbJ HeAoAf06J\HBdTE, cOBeTcKYfO rrpeccy.

Tlepnsn« flpeAC8AdT€J\8M IlpaSAeHH5I Ar-rropra erWl 1'1.51. Xyprna. Hcaj:l5iKoBA€BWI XyprlJl-1 (J887-1925) POA!1J1.C5T B Flpnxyxax (KHeBCKa5l ry6epHI>151')' :;dKOJ-[4;vu\ Mo.TeMaTl1'leCKM~i cpaKYAbTeT Kaeuckoro YHHBepC!ITeTd. E1l.le AO peBOIlJOllI>lM 6bli\ OAM30K K pa3M-!'IHbl~1 eBpel'icKwlVI cotnraxncrnsecKvl M rpynna IV! , B 1 918 ['. BCTYTH1A 13 DyHA, ,I CTd.~ 'lAeHOM ero LlK. B 1921 I'. OH CTW\ TOPI'IIP€AOSI YCCP.B Floxsure. K flaQClllY 19231.'. OW\. OT03BdH B pacnopaacenae HapKoMBHeurropra FCCDCP, H ncxopa ornpaaxen B CWAv, ONlaKo Y)Ke. B ] 925 r., B CI3H~H C l-parH'leCKoi1 cMepTblO XyprHHa6, ero cneHllAAB. Flpnrapan" C 1928.r. 3TOT110CT3aHHMW\ c,r. Bpoa. B i'Rle t930 r, £pOH 6w..\ Hil3Hil'lE'H na nocr COB8TCKoro 'roprrrpexa B Bej\.l1K06pI1TilHI1H, a npeAceAaTeA€M TIpdBlIeHHJ3 Asrropra CTdA A EOfAdHOB. Ero3dMeCTHTeAeN 6hJJ\~; A.B, CepreeR.B

KaAPOBblH: norrpoc eooriuie IIp(cACTaBMIA AAH Asrropra oco6yro npooJ\eMy. HauTH B CCCP 20-x rOAOB KOMMy:HHcTa, IDIelOuiero TeXHI1'leCKOe 06pa30BaHHe H CBOOOAHO ronopnnruero rro-anrwniicror, 0,,1"0 He npocro, n03TOMY :Ufd'II1T€AbH),!O 'laCTb COTpYA1HlKOB COCTaBM[J\M KOMlI1)'lUICTbl MeCTHbIe 9. Bcxope K6.APOBbIM rOAOA 3aCTdWL~ ITpFBAe'1b W ~{eCTHj,IX "He-KOl'l~lytl[1tTOR"" COTPYATIHKli "np0A!'KCKO", nOHI1- MaJl 'CBOIO He3aMeHH~'iOCTb, HepeAKO OTKpOBeHHO X all.TypHAH. Oc06eHHO 3THI'!

rpelllHAJ1 COTPYAHMKI1 6yxraJITepHH )01 11Ul(PP,lBcIAhl'10:CI QaCTl1. TIpwexam,lJT.1l1 'ITpHI.Jj;IMaTb Ae"~a X yprH B ]Jan 0 pTCHlaA B Moc KB Y 0 P€3Yi\b'1'aTax csoero 03HaKOMA€HH5I C (\)1<1- HaHCOBblN6a,~aHCON, COCTaBAeHHhlM 6yxro.AT8pOM PeneAl,.CKMM 3a 1924 r.: "3TO 4.epT 3HaeT4TO raxoel B crmcxe Kpei,HTOpOB - K. tvlapKC H ID. 31-1l'eAbc Ha 9 AOAAiIPOB C KOIIefIKa.'IM. Mbt 3Tl!!>'1 rocnoznn 0611- 3o.Hhl HeCKOilbKO 60.~hlllHM! B C1HKKe A,e- 6eTopoBlO - 1'113101'0. "HoBDe pyccKoe CAOBO"II. [(TO B35Ill. Y 3TilX CYKI1HblX CblHOB ReKC8J\bf B KOHl\e KOHlIOB, no'£e~1Y Ae6eT C KpeNHOH [1(" CXO/),HTCH? 12"

ECA}! }J{e B Crpaue Coaerou HdX()AYlACH nOAXOA!1ll\lli-i KaAP 1-1 Al1peKIJ.1ll1 Aerropra YAdBa.~OCb Ao6HTbCH nepeaoaa srcro COTPYNIHKil - a 31'0 COC1'a.BMJAO OCOOyKl npotiz exry, TaK KilK ['Iil pa60Tl'IHKOB TdKOI-O KlI.acca, haKoro 'J'p€60BaiU1Cb Aerropry, B CCCP BterAd CYll\eCTBOBWl rlOBblweHHhlfi cnpoc - M'lfrOM BCTaBaAa HOBan npooxeMa. Tax KaK m!JJH\HaJl i.no Asrropr 6bL~ a MepUKaHclulJ>,i dK4HCJHepUb.lM OOWeCTJ30M., ou He Mor nparxaiuart. K c€6e anocrpautrstx CneU,liilJlHCTOB, 8C;\l'1 OHI1 He aMAH dPTHC~ TdMH, Bpd4i'lMI1 HAll CGIIll.\eHl-[I1KaMI1. BBI1- AY -roro. -rro Il sxcneprax TaKOi'O UpOl'pl1J\H ,'\l'ITOpr ~BHO He II)':>KAaAC51, rre pez, pyaoBOAcTBO/>.1 "He.~eraAbHoro ropmpencrse" BCTilBilJIa npOOll.eMa - a B KaXOM, c06("1'lleHHo, Ki'l'leCTS€, ADJVKHbJ llpHe3)KilTb B H'blo-IlJopK COlleTCK11e KOMtU'lAl1pollatlHbl€? nepBOHd1!aAbHO "K]XICHbtX 11H.lKeHepOI'!" []PliChIAilJ\H c TYPHCTl1'{eCK}IMH rnl3dMl1, no no HCTe'leJ-lI1IU TaKOBblX Asrropry 6blAO EeCbMa TpYAHO Ao611TbC>1 E rocaeue BH30BblX npOAll.eHMH:. Kpoxe '1'01'0, 1l0A06- Hble cne.QHd.AliCTbl, 6YAY'1M, C TO'IKll apeHl151 couercxoro TpYAoBoro 3aKOHOAaT€AhCTBd "J\MQaMH 13 3arpdHKOMaHAl1pOBKe", HMeHHO Ta.K H npcsoaaxnct, BO BC€X 6yxrdJ\TepcKvlx AOKYl"!eHTax. CooTBeTcTB0nHO, oyxraATepH5J Asrropra OblAo. BblHY;KAeEEL TaK )Ke rpl1KCHPOBdTb B CBOl1X AOKYMel-lTill: BblIIAc1Tb! KOMaHAHpOBO'lHbIX, CYJ'O'IH(.lX H T.[[. Tax l;(aK ocjmllHaAbHO ClJ>1epHKaIKKOE' ill0~110HepHOe o6uJ;ecTBo He ~wr· 1\0 HalHtMdTb ad paoory HUOCTpaH 1·1 blX'11 H.lKeEepOB, y:w,eNlNl.ll TeM CdMblM HHTepeCbl 1UVKeHepOB OTe'lecrneHHblX, B CAY'we He- 3aRliCVlovIOW peBW3HH P)'KOI>O/),CTBO Arv!TOPra PI1CKOBaAO OKa3aTbCH El KpaHHe lI~eKOTlIMBOH c1l1yal\I111. COXpaHTJAHCb flI1Cb~lil

4 Ha TOT MOM€HT - rtpencenarens Bcecm03Hom ABTO- TpaKTOpHOrO 06be.D,lIIHeHVlI1 (BATO). 5 Ha TOT MOMeHT - npencenarens npaBfl€HVlI1 AMTopra.

6 06CTOfITenbCTBCl GM€PTH asTOPY HE' Vl3SeCHlb!,. 1-10 no H8KOTOPblM KOCB8HHbiM CBVI);IeT8JlIoCTBClM, MO>KHO npennonoxare, YTO peYb M.!l,eT 0688- TOM05V1J1bHOt'i K8TClGTpo¢e.

7 3SH VI Mafl .!l,OJl)KHOCTb .!l,~lpeKTopa 6aHKa)J)l11 BHewHet'i roproanvi eee P. Cras npencenarenera npaaneana AMTopra, nOGTCl .!l,HP8KTOPCl 68H xa I'le OCT3SlIIJI.

8.0.0 1922 r; - HaYaJlbHI1K (nepBblt'i Ha 3TOM nocrv) rfl88803AYX¢flOT3, 33TeM - BoeHHblM arrauie 80 CDpaH LjVl VI , nOTOM - BVlLj€-npe3V1AeHT AMTOpra. B 1933 ~ l~a3Ha'ieH 3C1MeCTlIITE'1l8M H<J'lClllbHVlKCI rBCD.

9 B Te'l8HlIIlII nepsoro rona pa60Tbi 1II3 CCCP B AMTOpr- npucnann TOIlbKO 2 COTPY.£IHVlKOB. 10 To ecrs .!l,OmKHHKOEl.

11 3MHrpaHTCKa\'l raaera, BbIXO,QVlBWal1 B Hb'!O-ViopKe. nplII.!l,ep)l(HBallaCb C1HTVlCOBeTCKVlX B3lfll1,QOB, n03TOMY []OMep)l(VlB8Tb C Het'i KaKVle-fl1ll60. KOHTaK;Tbl .£IIIfI AMTopra 6blno npe,QOCYAlIITen bHO, a y}!( ,,qaBClTb ,; 6enl1 KaM" B nonr - HBHblt'i HOHceHC.

12. ComaCHO 6yx,amepCKlIIM npaeunara, n pVl COCTdBfl8HVllII 6aflaHca ,Ae6eT VI KpeAVIT 0 6513AHbl coi:imCb - QTC~0.!l,3 C3MO nOHJ3TIIIE' "6anClI'IC" 5Clnauc, B KOTOPOM 3'1'0 Tpe60BaHVle He esmonusercs, npeACT3BJl5JeT c060t'i He'lTO spone Kopa6fll'l C orpauarensuoa nnaev-recrao.

32

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K 1927 t', n03!li\HH Asrropra (TO ecrs, cllaKTHQeCKl1, CCCP) na aMepI1Ki'lRC:KOM psrnxe BblrA51AeAH I\R05JRO. COBeTCKH.ii 3RCrropr B CiliA COCTa.[lJ\.5Ul. ecero 0,3% Hl'HlOPTil COeAlTHPHHblX ill'l'aTOB, a na C(lBeTCKlIe 3<tKynKH npl1XOAllAOCb A Hlllb 1,15% COBOKylTHhTX nOCTaBOK aMepHKilHCKltX xoxmamrif aa rpanmry. VlcXOA5J 113 3THX IJ;mpp, 3Hd'leHHe TOpro[]MI C COBeTCKOH Poccnex M5l CiliA OhlAO J'U1Flrr~raJlhHbIM, C ApyrOH CTOPOHbl, H3 scero aMepl1K1IHCKOrO tT1I.1nOpra Ha CCCP npl1XONLAOCb 23,4% rpax'ro-

13 B TO BpeMfl - reFlepaJ1bHOMY ncencraaareruo AMToprs B MOCKBe,

14 CVlCTeMa TOPIOBJ1H, npL1 «oropoa TOprDBal1 QmpMa 3a6V1paeT roaap Y np0Il13S0,QI1TeJ1Sl, nponaer ero VI J1V1Wb no peaJ1113allHH roaapa pacnna'-IHBaeTCl1 C npOVl3BOp,HT8IleM.

1 s TOT CSMblYi, KOTOPblM 0" 5eHABp rp03V1J1CA "yp,apI1Tb no 6e3,QopO)KbI0 VI pa3rVl.Jlb,QAYiCTBY".

1 S P. WJlai1 Ha TOT MOMeHT - snue- npe3V1,1J,eHT Chase National Bank, Op,lI1H L13 OCHOBHblX CTOPOHH VI KOEl YIlY'lWeHI/l>! oTHoUJeHII1i1 c CCCp,

17 BnOCfle.QCTBVIVI - Vl3BecTHbli1 aBII1SKOI;CTPYKtop, yyaCTBOSsBWHI1 B paapaeorxe 60M6ap,QHpOBLLI,VlKOB T6-1 H T6-3, reHepaJ1bHbli1 paapafiorYViK CaMOJl€TOS ne-2111 ne-8.

33

COBEPWEHHO CEKPETHO

POB, 23,1 % ropl-mro 060PYAOBilHl151. ITO 16% aIlTO" H anna- TeXJ-Iv!K11 H OT 10 AO 15% no pa3AWn-Ihll\1 rpynuasr CTaHKOB. Pe3YADraTOM_ TdKOTO ITOAO:>Kelil1}i M"-ll CTaJ'O CPOP~H1- ponaaae npoconercxax [BepJ-lee - npoasrroproncxaxl rpyrm A050npOBaJ-II1H B cpelW 0I13J-JeCMeHOB asuueyxeaamn.rx orpacxefi. B Y.aCTflOCTI1, B 1925 r 3a 1\T-!rrAOlo-JaTI1<tecEwe n pI131-Jal-rne CC CP B bIC'rYTIa,~ 3aHHTepeCOBaHHbli1 B clWlIKax C Heq:rr0CHJf/\HKaTOM';' POKCI)eAAep, a IIpOTl1l3 - apeAITPl1- lil1ffraTe.~l-I. HME'BIII11e CPI1J-IdlICOBhTe uarepeClol E\ AopeBOJ\lOt1{{OHHOI:t POCCl-Il-I1B 11. __ A<DTI9 ! XOTE'AOCb 6['] rrOA'lepKHY'1'b, 'ITO B ouacsmae 'Ibm rrepuoz, BOI i),e5ITeAbHOCTb Asrropra 6bL~d nOJ\HOCTblO JleJ'ilJ\hHoii. Tex- 1-IOAOrHM, CTdJ-lKI1. Chlj)E.e 11 oOopYAoBal-me crparera-recxoro xapaxrepe npoAilllaAHCh B AHnAO~JaT]'lqeCKI1 ElC npl13HdBdeM}flO crpairy coneprnenno OTKpbITO_ PeA'Ia}IlliI1e CAYlWI1 nOIT[TTOK 11~leHHO (J:nIJ-JClJ-ICOBbIX xpyroa CiliA BOCrrpeTIHTCTBOlld'J'b Ae51TeAJ,HOCTn Asrropra OTHOC5ITGI K nonsrrxe Ac" COl.\l1a.lJ;HH MeXOBllII1KOll20 HbIO-l1opKil npeicparwn, MOHonOAbHoe :laBhllueHlle AMToproJ--l OHTOBbfX l.:(eH na PYCCKl10 MCXd_ AMepl1KdHCKI1e upeATIpHl-lI1NaTeAil .usrraAliCb ane..'IAHpOBaTb K caraoxry npe3IJAeHTY CllL"I. - I'yuepy, 1-10 6€3pe3YAbTiiTI-IO. AMepHKaJ-ICKOe 061l1eCTil0 ANTopr 3aJWI-lOll lie HiiPYllJdAO, a 3HalJ11T, ~IOrAO noxynari, H trpoaaaart, TO napsr oecuperHlTCTBeHHO_

EAI1HCTBellH011. HeYAdL[efi Axrropra B :;ITO!"'I OOJldCTU OCTClF!aAOCb ynopaoe corrponmJleHUe rocnena Cl.IlA rrOC€lJJ,eHI1I{) CoeAJil-[t~l nTbIX JJJTd-rOB KilKI-llVI-MJ60 KpynHbl;\l COBeTCKl-IM rrOAlITH'leCKl11H AeflT€Jlel\j. no ~lHeHnKl PYKOElONfTeAei1 AlI1TopTd, Til.KOi1 nJ-l3Wf eror Obl cyuiecrneaao H1-lTeBcHcpHlJ,lipOBaTJ, couercao-eerepmcancxyic TOpr-OBAlO, OABaKO a,MepnKillicKoe mreumenoJ\JlTIIQeCKOe BeAoMCTHO pas 3d _Pd30M OTKd- 31,IBaAO BO B'be3AJ-lliIX BIf3aX "areuras: Ko~1l-1HTepI-la21" - COKOAbCKOMY, KOJ\}\DH-rdii l-I f1srTdKOBY. nOCAe HeCKOAbKl-IX 06J-lAI-lbIX l-leYAdq22 Asrropr rrpexparnx nOAoGl-lhle noTIbTTf(H BIIAOTb AO YCTal-lOBl1eHIIJl AI1110TIIOwelmH C CJJJA B 1933 r'. EAlIHcTBeHHhIM llCKJlJOY.eJ·IT-!e,,'1 CTaA BH311T 3aMeCTI1TeAH npeACeAtrreMJ BCHX B.11. Me;>KlIa'\-'"T'a B 1929 r., pe3)'AbTdTOM xoroporo CTilAO nO1\" nncanue KOHTpdKTil C G!OPAOM Hd CTPOI1" TeAbCTIlO rOpbKOBCKOJ'O dBTo3aBoAd,iii

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• " ... 2) YC m.IABl1raeT KdJ-JAHAaTYPY AJI5!

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3) ,i'-y\lI oGcAY)KHBaHHH 3aJ<d.3011 HKBlVl IJOClICAHUii anpaec no Mepe pedAbI-wH I-IaA06HOCTH 1f]]0 COfAdCollMlH10 C A.HTOprOI\I BbJ:A!lI1l'i1T6 CF!OHX KaHAHAclTOF! COOTBeTCTaytouusx ClJel\HaM,HocTei1, KaKOBJ,JX AMTopr pasxemeer TI CBOeM anuepa're H coAepJKHT aa CBOi1 CqeT.

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80 l-ICrrOJIJ-Iei-CHe aroro COl·AdJJ.[eJmH B anpexe 1929 f. B Asrropr 6blAlI KO;,WHAHPOBdlibl FT. rOOdP25 [B OT/1,(," cAa6blX'l'OKOB) }! BJ1, Ey3aHOB2-1 fB XlIM.H'IeCKI'IH oTAeAj. K KOI-TIl;), wAa [[PH Axrropre 6blJl c03AaH annepar 0133 B COCTdBP (; 'teJ\OBeK,

TIOMHMO npoABJ1JKeIlHH COBeTCJ01X '1'0- napoa !-Iii ilMepHKaHcKHi-i PbJ HOK H saxyno« aMPpltKdHCKOH rrpO!\yKI\llH, A_MTopr oCYllJ,eCTBJlfI" CnpdBOY.J-1O - ~fH(I)opMal.\HOHHhle qJYHKqlHI. Peryxapno nsrnycxexc» "KaTaAOI' Asrropra", B JWTOpbIH IlXOAI1JIl1 peKJ\aHHble oOb5illJ\eHlUI H npocrrexrta ClMepl1KdHCKHX CPI1P~'I. npl1'IeM B31iOCbl OT CPHPM, JKel\.aBIIIHX 1l0MeCTHTb nacpopnaU;UlO 0 ceoe n Karaxore, COCTdBJ\5!AH orrpe/WAeHHYfO sacrt, OIOA/KeTil Ar-rropra.

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18 Ha rocynapcreenuov YPOBHe HX TO-IKY 3peHH>l asipaxan rysep_

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20 TO ecrt, TOprOBL\e8 nYWHHHOVi.

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24 B HeKOTOpblX AOKYMeHTax - Ynpaeneaae Ha'IanbHIIIKa cHa6lKeHIII~ (YHC). BVI,QVlMO. TO'lHOe Ha3BaHVle CTPYKTYpbl H€CKOJ1bKO pa3 MeH>lJlOCb 25 'IJleH OnblTOBOM KOMVlCCVIVI HVlIl1An PKKA

26 Ha'lanbHIIIK HaY'lHO-IIICnbITanmbHoro XIoTMIIIyeCKQro nonaroua PKKA, Exan nOA nCeS,£IOHIIIMOM A.H. Kapnos,

34

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soneocu BTOPOroTYPA (IKYPHan "BolKaK" Ns 23·24, 1930)

Pl1c. 1. ~TO co6"paeTCQ tlenaIb 6oe!! c co(!am,l " 'iTO 33 o6na'lKa Hvl';;:HbJ K~ ropM3()HT~?

Pl1c. 2, nO~eMY MeeD II1lXO,lI>ll'Cff il"Oe nNJ!Wii, mK cttx-u«: O,lIe"fbJx ~ BOOPY)I(elmbIX? Ka~ 1J83bJOaeTCR ~a;;:tJ.bl~ ~3 H~X?

p"c. 3. 4ro 3TO 38 MilW11113? nmeMY olla OGf8HOBMaCb" nO'leMY 38 MawMHol't H8 3eMJ7e B'WHO 06na~KO?

Pnc. 4_ OT'Jero oeryr" nMalOr COJ1ljBTbl" MacK1lX? KB.K flB3uBa.IOTCR M8WI1>1b/ Nil J!,opore 11 ,eM DIm orlrM~aIOrC!l Of M8wl1t1I'1B tx«: 37

Pile, 5, ~TO am 3a Ilyw~a, KOropylO MOryr neperaCK"BaTb rpoe 60_~UOB? tlnR 'Iero olla Tpe6yeTCQ?

Pnc . .6. l7o'eMY KaB8nepHCT" K[IHb npHIIRJ711 T8"YIO ctpaHIIYIO nosy?

M BiiOBb nepBble ,lIeCilTb ~eJlOBeK, npaBHJ1bHO OTBemsw!<e HJ see 'leTbJpe sonpoCB nepsora lYpa KOIIKypca, "MeIDT iuenc non)"IHfI" 6e3- B<J3Me;3,llHr! (T,e, ,n,8pOM) QljMH W3 noCY!e,n,ylO~l1x BbinycKoB "l7o.nHroHfJ",

no BAWHM nHCbMAM

YSB)f{BeMblifr MVlXBW1.

Eionbwoe Cn8Ct100 B8M 38 HOBblM !KypHarl.

Y3Han ,IJ,f1R ce6R" MNOro 1'1080ro_ )/(ellalO BaM TBopc;eCKIIIX ycnexoe, a ceiie 1-IOBbIX nnteoecHblX MBTepI4Bf10B H8 B8W14X ctpennusx ..

Ho BOT KaKoifr eonooc K B8M ecru. Ceifr'iBC B ,83eTe "i43I3eCTt1f1" Bbl ny61111Kyere BOCI70- Ml4al-lMH eerepenoe, «aropue 6blnl1 6i:>IWlTeoecnu 14 ,lJ,nH 'iMT8Tellei1 «Iloruorone». He MOml1 Obi Bbl onY0f1MKOB8Tb VI 3,lJ,eCb «ero-ro nOAOOJ-lOe7

MMX8MII J1YKbR"HOB, BOpOHe)f{.

Cnac~60 BaM 38 no_efl8HM~_ Baws npocb6a 0 ny6J1HK8l1,Vlt.1 BOCrtOM~HaHI1~ He OAt.1HOKa, n03TOMY Mbl nnaHf1pyeM 06pa6oT9Tb f1 ony6fllllK08ClTb Te 1-13 ~I~X, 'lTO K8C81OTCA pa3nvl'lHbiX 06P8311,OB BQ€HHOiii TeXH~KIII_

C yB3)KeH~eM, M.CB~PI-1H.

YBB)f{BeMaH pe,lJ,aKLjI4~!

C MHmpeCOM tuio-mten nepBblM HOMep )f{ypHan8 "nOJll!1rOH". K B8weMY I7peAIIO)f{eI-lIi1JO 0 ny6flIllK2IJ.!MI1 ,lJ,OKYMeHTOB H2I croeHMLjaX )l(YPHana OTHOWyCb aonox« reru-n Q. Be,tJ,b /l.8)Ke CBMble IilHTepeCHbJe CTBnl1 /-13- n8rBiOT H8M TD'iKy 3peHVI>l I1X C1BTDpOB. A scerAa uurepecno 3H8Tb 0 nepBOIIICTO'i~IIIIK8X, OTKYA8 noeennec» 3Ta TO'!Ka spenn«.

B.K8pBBaeB, MOCKB8,

Mbl 6blfllll O'leHb paLlbl nOHYYIi1Tb MHoro nO.Qo6Hb.lX no}!(eJl3Hllliii Ii1 nJlClr'!lIIpyeM B KCI'--I8- CTBe lI!JlnIOCTpaL1l-1.iii K MHO,IIIM .CTClTbI1M ny6- nnxceare BblAep}!(KI-1 113 nOAfi~HHbrX .QOKyM8HTOB, H/HJlll! I1X penpnar. EiYLleM P8.)J,bl, ecfllll ::lTO OK"B;;(eTC~ none3HbiM B8M.

35

YB8!KaeMbIM mcnOAMH CBIilPIilH

npMo6pef1 H€/l.BBHO nepBblifr eutivc« ~(/)pOH1'OBOf1 I1JlIl/oCTpaI.jI1W' 0 Tpo<$eflX KP8CHOiii APMIi1I1_ C y,llIllBfleNI1€M He neuien esc B 'iIllCfle aBTOpOB 3TO,0 1il3AClHI4f1, TaK KaK p8Hbwe DHO BHOHClllpOBanOCb C BBWI1M y'l8CTl1eM, O,llHBKO cpe,ll11 onYOlllilKOBBHHblX <$OTOrpa<$I1M ecn B3f1Tble 113 S8wef1 KOflneKI.jI1I1 .. _ He Moml1 6bl Bbl oeccxeset» nononpotinee 0 <$oTOrpa<$1il14 c peMoHTHblM T8HKOM Ha W8CCIil PzlI?

AHToH BaclllflbeBwi CTapOCTI1H, XapbKos_

YBa)!(aeMbli1 AHTOH Bac~nbeBI1,"!

Bce ¢OTO, yKB3ClHHbie 8 1113)J.BH 1-1111 , 83>1TblMIi1 1113 Moe~ KOflIleKL1HI-1, CT8IlIII )J,Jl.11 MeH~ 60J1bWoiii HeO)!(Ii1,1:1aHHOCTblO. HM O.QHa 113 H'~X B Moeiii KOJlJleKL\'~H H~KOr.o.a He 6blJ18, 06 ~cTO'1HI1KBX Ii1X nO~B/leHIII>1 B 1i13A8HI111 R He IIIM810 HI-1 MClfle~wero nOH~TIi1>1_

C YBa_eH/i1(;M_ M.CBIi1PI-1H.

... C'IJ

I

I-

}'v[Horue U3 MOUX 31Wl<OilHoLX MogeJlucmoB-meopemUKOB Ol11AU'WlOlllCf! cnocotiuocauao nocmonnno gOKy<wmh Bce1'l, xmo 301l(illwemCfl U3blCKOHlleM i"talllepllO,1011 gllf! liMucaHUfl pasnux KHl1JKeK U cmameii, nWKlIJ'W f30npOCaMU 0 mOH1{QCl11fIX B KOHcmpYKIJ,UU moro UIlU UHoro maHKO, 'uno tipocmo gIJH)I goeWbCjj. COM.oe iuunepecnoe, '1l110 60AbUHUlCGU3,l' U3 HUX' 31110 He CWlhRO uaqo, KOK rosopsun B Oqecce. VIM "npocina uumepecno", '1m 06bl npu cAyttOe '(jecegy tioqqepieam» ", nOXBaCm ClIIlJ>Cfl nepeg cetie nog06Hbl~W unOMe'lmamb 0 moil "JWBepH}'111Ou" HOBUHKe, 'lflW OHU co6epym KOtga-Hu6ygb (u, KORe'!1-10, 11OAy<lam 30 Ret: COMblU.Kpymou nepBblUl1PU3 U 6ewel-lhle geHH'IJ),

Ilpasqa, 11 nO('IlegHee epen« no HOMel'lKAOmype BonpOCOB om HUX He omcmCllOlll U npOKlllUKU, 'I1no nocmonnuo "nepescesusasom IM.OCmlll(", nepenususast U CKAeUBOR xnxue-mo l!3geAW!, '-WIO B mpug<lamb l1R11lb pas sseuuuu: opurw-1Cl/la. Ux eonpocu, KOHe'lHO, HeCKOAbKO 60Aee «onepemns: U He cmOAb sasoeupucuus no CmUllJO, KOK y "meopemuxos ", HO «ocmo J<ygo tionee C;IO);(Hbl BBUgy HeXBamKU cjJQKmU'leCKoro «unepuasa.

Hy 0 llOCKOAbKY u me, U gpyrue OKmwmo uumepecviomcn T-34, netupyqno qoroqomucs, ttlllO 60AbUlUHcmBO sonpocoe, JogoBaeMblX BceMU, KacoromcfI unenuo 3flWii 6oenoii MQWUHbl. Bonpocos HClKOIlUAOCb cmOAbJ(Q, '-lllO soopy omxpunauu, CIle!IUQAbl~y1O py6puxy, 'I.mo-Hu6ygb Bpoge "KAy6 T-34" (1-10 MC/lWP "a3pogpoM.l-!0I1 meX1-1UKU COPOKOBblX", "lIDO Bell II "fIII-Xoo6u" Kons: Ilosusapnoe, oFt)l(e - "gllglOWKO no"). I1 Becmu amy py6pUKY II K01<OJl-!-AI160 nepuaqusecsat« u3g0Huu .sce n.OCAegY;OllJ,ue rogbl.

HCErOAH5I MHE XOLJ:ETC5I ITOronoprrrs C Bd~m 0 rpaxax T-34, 'ITO 113- TOTdSAH'BaAHCb H IIpllMeH5lAHCb B rUAl,1 BoiiHbL Cpasy OfOBOPlOCb - pe'Ib B crarse IIOHAe1' 1'OAbKO 0. Tex rpaxax, 'ITO 6b.IAll 0CPHJJ;HaAbHU rrpmrsrrsr IIpIiKd3dM11. HKTIT B 1'e fOAhl, l.J:ep1'eJK11 na TpaKH T-34 ecex pa3HUBHAHo.C1'eH ~'iHe Ao6bJTb I-Ie YAfu\OCb 11. IIo.TOMY IIPMIlOJKY TOAbKO puCyHI<H, BUCCTaHOBAeHI-lble C cpOTorpaqlHll,

¥I3Ha<IaAbHO TpdKU T-34 6bIAII IIUAOOHhI no KUHCTPYKL\J.tH 'j'PdKdM HX rrpeAJIIeCTBemHfKo.B - ET-7 - A-20 H ARlTIh He3Ha'ilI1'eAbHO O'I'l\_H'IdAHCb cr IUIX. OHH ll\"IeJIJJ. ill 11 PH H Y 550 Nt]"I (0.1'HlOAh He 500, KaJ( 1l111.lJyT uetco'ropi.re I1HUC1'PaHHhie dB1'OpbI) 11 COCTOSIAH 113 IIITaMrrOBaHHOrO ocHOBa.HH51 C rP¥H'J'03ao;eIIdl-IH na ARn;eBoii CTOPOHe J.l R30fHyrOH paOOLIeH nOBepXIWCThlO sa 113- HaHU'lHuH. Paooxae TpdKJI UMeAH rperierrs AJUI 3au:eIIAeHlUI C BeAyn~I4M KOAeCUM, K01'uphlfr nepBOHd'ffu"lJ,I-IO npaaapaaaxca K IIITa~IIIoBiiIiHOMY «6aUlMdKY». Me>KAY C06UH YpaKI1 COeAI1l-H1Al1Cb ASYJ'.H[ II oAynaAhU: aiVm , xo-ropr.re q)JolKCl1pUBaAliCh B CBOEIX Hle3Aax 1l1lIT nOMo.IqII BRHTOB (c ocean 1940 1"', - IIIIIAHHTo.B, 11lI.H 'KAH-El.f,e13), J\ll-

36

I1eBd5I cropoaa Tp<u<a Me>KAY rpyrrroaanenasra 6b.llId r:AaAKOH, .'ITO rrpHBOAl1AO K IlAoxoi1 rrpoxoAWMOCTIT TdHKa B rpH3H H B CHery no CpaBHe-

1. TaHK A-34, '06}'TblJ;J" S rna,D.Klote urraeanoeaaasre TpaKI'I. MapT 1940 r,

The A-34 tank fitted with the track made of "smooth" pressed links. March 1940.

2. ¢loToKom ... saeonceoro ~epTe)l(a Tpal(OS T -34 .. 3 allb60Ma TaHKa (CnOnYTOpHOH CepHHl). OceHb 1 940 r,

The photocopv of the manufacturer's blueprint for the T- 34 track link made in fall 1940.

3. 3axsa'leHHb,i1 HeMlIaM .. T -34, OGHal.1leHHbli1 IIIUbIM" TpaKaM .... c "pa3SI'lToi1 pa6o'leiia noaepxaoc'reso», J1eTo 1941 r,

Tile T ·34 captured by Germans in summer 1941 has cast trac k Ii n KS wi 111 «improved surface".

4. MacwTa6Hbli1 p .... CyHOK 'tpasoa T -34 AosoeHHoro sbmycKa. Cllesa~~r:naAI(&<1"» LUT3MnoBaHHblH 'rpax c np"sapHblM IUlbIKOM. cnpasa - IIIITO>; Tpal< c ~cpa3u"'To~ noaepxnoc reeo». W",pI'IHa vpaxoa - 550 MM.

Two T-341raCK links drawlnqs - tile pressed steel «smooth. type and cast type with "improved surface».

HlllO C TpilKa;lo1l1 T-26, rranpar.iep. TO, LITO C'IIITdxocs 1-IOPl\IaAbHbI]\1 ,1I,IVl AeUITI1-rrHTHilAn;aTMToI-lHOM ?-lillIIHHb" Mil;\O nOAxoAHAO nosrra BAFlOe 00- J1.ee T5I)KeAoti:.

HeAoCTdTO<IHYlO 3¢¢eKTJ.J lIHOCTb TPaKOB na MHPKHX FI paCKMClllHX rpyirrax.. a TaK>Ke no JlliAY TI caery npeAIIOAar'aAOC:L cxorerrencapoee'n- ycTaHOBKO.n Ha HlIX AOilOAHlITeAbHGIX 1J.n10p. B COOTBeTC1'BHH C npUKa30M Hapxosra. PAilAKUH UJTilMilOBaHHblH rpax C npxaaptrsn« rpeOHeM OUA nprncrr K BaJl.OBOMY rrpoFl3BOACTBY 13 ;o.·w.pTe 1940 P. 11 llO'lTH 6e3 H3MeHeHUl1 asrrryckaxcn Hil XT3 AO oceau. «Haxxenan,» HX ycnexn AOBOAbHO M uoro H 6oAbrnoe K0hl1'J.eCT·l30 B BIIAe POTOBOH npOA)'Kn;HI1 HAil nOAycj)a6pHKaTOB BbIBe3M1 rrpn 3BaKyan;HH ua BOCTOK B HU)KfIl1K Ta rHA H '-IeJUl6J.J HCK.

TIPOH30I1lJl.O 3TO llOTO~ly,LfTO C CeHTHOp5I 19401'. rrpnxaao» no HapKOMa1Y,1l,lVl T-34 S80- AHACH rpax C oOAee pa3BHTOf! paoO'{E'M rtonepxHOCThlO H H3MeHeHHoM umopoii. A rrOCKOAbKY j/.:>Ke rrpoH3BeAeHHble rAilAKHe TpaKH He rroMe>KaAH AOpa6oTKe, HX LL[TaMTIOBal-mble 6awMaKJ!! CKAilAHpOBaJlH, 'lT06bI IIOTOM ornpamm, rra rre-

pepa60TKY. CK0I1l1BllIHCC)'1 TaJ{HM 06pa30IvI ocernrne aerracsr 6blMI peaAH30BaHbI B 1942 r., KOPAa «rAaAKHe» TpaKH, B YCAOBH51X -roraxsnoro Ae¢HL\I1Ta 3illf1l:aCTefl, C paapeurenna napxoste ornpaaxaxncr, na ¢pOIl'l" 13 pewrorrrmae noxpaaAeAeHH£.

B OKT5I6pe-HOH6pe 1940 T. BJI>leCTO 'rpaxa C npanapusn« ppe6HeM B npOH:1BOACTBO nonrex u,eAbHOlll.TaMnOBaHl-lh1.H rpex, pa3pa6oTaHHblH cneuaaxaao AAJl ~'laCCOBoro nsnrycxa aa MapnyI10AbCKO]\-13ilBo,'\e, a [J03>Ke H n;eAbHoAHTOH rpax Buemae Tpa K nO'4TH IIOAHOCTbJO [JOB'l"OPHA caoePO npeAUJecTBeHHHKa, l-lO 6bl,\ 60Aee IIpOCT H rrpo-reu Hd paapsra. OAl-laxo rrpoH3BoAHAOT 01-1 HeAOArO, TaK xa K ncxope BBHAY I-I€AOCTaTKa rrpeccoaoro o60PYAoBaHuR, OH ObV' IlOBceMeCTno 3il~1eHeH hl1TbIM.

Brtepnsre Al1TOH: 'rpax AAJl T-34 6bUl. BH€,L\pel-l B np0I13BOACT130 erne B c.eHT5I6pe 1940 J". TaR xaK Al1TbI€ AeTaAH OTAlI'4aJU1Cb J'v10IH>I.oen rrpoxaocTbIO I-W paapsm, rpopssarpaxa 6blAa HeMHOrO BHAOH3MeHeHa. BO-00P.l3hIX, na 3-5 (AO 8) J'vIM 110 cpasneamo co lJ.naMrrOBaHl-IbIJI>m TpaxaM V1 6blAa yneAl1'IeHa ero T01l.II\HHa H aa 8-15 ~lM - nsrcora

37

rpYHT03au;enOB. B U;8I-lTpaAbI-IOM qaCTI1 patio-tero 'lpaKa (rAE~ H~'lb\JCb ImJAHI-lilO'l" rpe6l-1n) !l0J'1 npeaorapauteuna naxrepaanna 130 Brra_p,HHeB 3H!«lHee Bpt'Mlf «nranrea» lI3 cnera II ,\bAa, a TaK)Ke N'ill A y-mrero cuenxenna C rro'IBOI~I A06aB1ll\.I1 HeOOl\.bllIY10 I'pe6el-IKY 113 ABYXAonOl\_j-II1TE'Jl.bHblX 3y61;,el;1. B TaROM 13l'fAe TpaKr'l ,orpaHH4eHHO nowAll Ha TaHKll T-34 1I0A)'TOPHOfi cepmr (c OKTHEipH 1940 r.] If BTOPOM cepnn [c cepeAHHbI AeKai5pH 1940 r .J. DOAbWaH 'IaCTb AI1TblX 'rpaxoa mxa na KO~inAe}(TOBalHte MaWI1H, BbIIlY1U:8IHlblX eraAMHrpap,cKHM TpilKTOpHbIM 3aBOA(JM (CT3), TilR KaK B CTaAHHrpap,e lllTaMiiOB He XBaTClJ'lcO 11 pauee 11 HX AMTbe OCBO!1A11 B nepsyro rOi\OIlY_ ,\11- Tbl.e TPaKH 1940 r 6blJlH (J'lel-LT, HeTIAOXI1MH HOTAI1'l:aAIICb or nrrarerroaanmrx. B OCHOBHO]\1, 60l\.bIlleH MaccoH il 60Aee Tpy60H IIoBepXHOCTbEO.

Il poeKTHble pa60Tbi 11 nOAToToBKa K 1'1aCCOBOjVlY rrpoI13!JoAC'J'BY TcUIKa A-43 (T-34 KilrulTil/l.hHOki MOAepHM3C111HH), npOB(JAHMble Becl-loii 194 I r·., nprfBeA!1 K TOMY, '-ITO rpaxn nocAeAHero, HMeBWIfe lllIIPIIHY 450 MM (B]\1eCTO 550 ]';]]\1 Y T-34). ncm-rranmae ua T-34, IIOKo.3aAI1 XOpOllI~W

3cjXP £ KTIfl3l-10 CTb , II K YAI1BA£HHIO BoeHHhlX pe{lAbl-ldll [J pOX·OAH M OC'I'h TO. 1-1 Ka npa I1pl1NeH£I-IHH OOAee Y31(llX rycermu IIO'lTH He YMeHbIIlHAaCb.

Tpax A-43 I1MeA paaunryto OIIOPHYro 110- BepXl-IOCTb, 60Ablllyto rrpo-raocrt, na paspsm n 3Hd'{HT8AbHO Jvl8HbllIYIO Maccy. KPOI'I£ roro, Ohl)\0 OT~·re4eH-O, 41'0 KOlIC'I'PYJ<.I.Il15J ['yce!-JI1'Il-1blX u;eneH aroporo BapnClHTCI IB HilX AJI5I CDeAHHeHIf'il C ce6enoAOOHbIMH llCIIOAb30BaJl.C'il OAHH II aJl.eI.\ , .Kpen'illl.\IIfICH llII1A1IHTOl'l) Hal'lHOTO 60- /l.0!" YA.aqHa, qeM TaKOB],JX y T-34 C TO'IKIf3peHlI5I axooeson 3KcHAyaTa_qIfH. BbIl1YCK TpaKOlj A-43 Ha'IaJl.C51 na XT3 C KOHL\d aIIpeMI 1941 T. II npoAOA>KilAC5I AO KOIU\{l i\eTo. (no-rm AO Ho.'IaJl.a 3Bo.KYilL\HH),

i\eTOl'-l 1941 r. no OOpa311Y 450-1<111-1 TTlaKa A-43 ObIA c03Ao.H II OTpaHH'IeHHO IIPOH3BOAHACH 500-MM Tpill( AJI5I T·34_ I-Io Ha'Io.Bllla5101 3BaKya- 1.\1151 OCTJ}IODI1A{l ero np0l13BOACTBO B Xapsxose, OAHClKO 6YAY4H BOCCTaHOBAel-iO HJ Ky_~e6aRCKOM 3aBOAe, IIPOAOAJKClAOCb Tdl'>-I ,11,0 BeCHbI 1943 r.

OOCKOAbKY B xOAe BOHHhl 550-MM TpaKOB AMI T-34 He XBaTClAO, a N'ill neocnoenaoro nposuaur-

38

5. npoeKT TaHKa A-43 (T-34M). BecHa 1941 r.

rile A-43 (T -34M) design. Spli~g 1941.

6. MacwTaIJHh,i< P"'CYHO.K rpasoe T -34 C "KOCh,M" pe6paM"". Cnesa - n"Toi< TpaK TaHKa A-43 W11P"'HOi< 450 M,,!,.cnpasa - n11Toi< rpas TaHKa T - 34 W"P11HOi< 500"'M.

Tile drawings off the T -34 track links with -inolinad ribs". Left - the cast track link of the A-43 with 450 rnm width, righi ·500 mm-wide cast-type link of tile T-34.

7-8. KOrr.neKll"''' 'rpaxoa T-34 nO"CKOBoro oTp"Aa ~(3K...., n rut(j).,

The collection 01 differellt T -34 tracks belonging to "Equipage" military arcneologygroup.

}l.eHHOCTblO TaHKa A"43 Ha CKAaAdX HX CKOTIHAOCb AOBOAbl-IO ~mo1'o, 17 CeHT5IOp51 1941 1'. Hapxon TclHKOBOl1 rrpo MhlWJ\.el-ll-j (JCTlI OTAi:lA npl1Kd30 .K(J]VITIAE'KTOGilllMtI Ti:HH\OJI T -34 450<"1~'1 'I'Pal<ilMJ-l TdHKd A-43 (T-34M), ITpH'leM 3TH 'rpaxn "AO)KHAIT» B BOHCKax TIO KparlHeH r-repe AO 3HMhI 1941-42 1'1'., Till( KaK B cpeBpaAe 1942 r. B nepeIII1CKe I/O liKTTI rrpoxonnr pecnopnxceuue 0 1J13('A('.I-I.]HI «cHeI'OXOAHbJX l1AHTl( AJlH y,\yquteHMl-1 rrpoxoAriMOCTI-I TdHKOB T-34. YKOl\m_,\eKTOBilHH.bIX 45011500<\0'1 Tpa" Km'lH» , "ITAHTI:Ibl» HAM «IIAHIIhI» rrpeACTaB}l.5IAl-I C060H KOPbITOOOPd3HhI€ paClliMpHH:JU1, xpen tfBIl.lHeC5I K )U)I\OCTbl M TpaKi:ll'l IJO yCTal.lO[JKa~1 urnop {Al3y,;l}I 60A'l:a~'IHJ, YlWIIH4 t-l 13iJA VI IlIHP111-IY OIIOpl-IOn lTonepXI'IOCTH TpaKil Ao600-680 !v1M,

O,lVlilK(J npI-'!Menf'J-Ho:e l1AID\ Hil TilT-IKe l\lilCCOrl 60Aee 30 T.

OKil3il110Cb HeBbIrOAHhI~1. TIAI1l\bI llOl'lalUICb H HE' 6hlAH C'I'Oll.b 3c[xpeKTI1BI-lhlMH, KaK lid AerKl1X Ti:lllKdX T -60 DOJTOMY 13cKope OT HX GbJnYCJ<.d 1.·1 npHM(>il(:ilel,1 O'l"K0,10AelCb, " lei" CJ-lE'I'Y H)KlIA-

KOi1 rpaan ym.i'l PH/ill ryceUI1I\bl. c/leAyr-OUIHM 06pa30lo.! [nonce"\1eCTI-iO peK.(JMe.HAOBano HapKoMaToM 3111'-WH 1942/43 IT): Xo- 1I0CTOH: rpax C)1ew;aAH I-mpY'KY Hil rroAoBHHY umpnma, a o6pa- 30BbIBdlOW;HHC5I rrpm'le>KyroK 3dR P bUJaAH noxo BMI-LKO'I;t T[JilKa (c BBeA!o!l-[elCM ({ paspeau hlX 'rpaxon» TdT<l1e TIOAOBHHKH JvIO>KHO 6ullo Hal'iTH 5e3 lIp06AeM), I1pH 3TOM 3cpcpeK'I'HBHOCTb ryceHI1I1h1 tra cnery II >KllAKOi1 1'p5l3ll nsrpocxa 6e3 yCI\.O:>KJI e IrYl51 KOHCTPYKl\HIl TpaKd.

CerOAHll J-l11 AN! KOI,-'O J-Ie cekper, -rro B 1941 "42 rr, 'I'CtHKOB T-34 5b[AO Bbrrry:w;E'HO AOBOAbRO MHOI'O, HO I'1aAO KTO 3I-IaeT, QTO I1X oTI'pY3Ka Ha CPPOHT 31lAep)KHBaJl.dCb B TO~i 'lJoIcl\.e 113-30 oCTPo1'a Aeqmu;rlTa TpaKOB, I Ianpnxrep, BO 2-1'1 K Iwp'I'ilIIecjleBPd}l.5l 1942 I'. YT3 B HU)lUle~1 Taruxe 0101' OTr'py311'1"b ncero 63% lJ3 oou_\,e\'o 1,,)AeI'rE'CTlla BI·.IIIYIII,eHl-[UX Til nxoa. Tal< KaK OC'I'aJ\.b- 1,1 ble CTOIlAvl. « pa3yrbIMH». 3TO rrprraexo K TOJl.ry, 'ITO aa npousBOf\CTBO rpaxoa 6blAIT 6poweHhI nee ~'lClAO·~'lal\.hCKloj I1pM rOA-

39

Hble rrpeAflPvUrr!-Hl. Ka3aJ1.0Cb ObI - BOT OH, BbIXOA, 110 I1Tor ObI,," rrAa'IeBHhII1. Ao nOA013HHbJ rparron, rrOCTaBJl5IeMbIX nenporpnx bH blMI1 npearrprHITllRl>lI1, OKa3hlJ3d,\HCb HerrpllroAHblMH NUl 3KcnAyaTal.VII1 M3-3a MHOrO'IHCAeHHbIX aapyLUC}1ll11 TeXHOAorWleCKoro nponecca, Tpasu AOf1E1AHCb, naAbl.\bI Aecj:Jopl'nrp0J3aN1Cb l'l. PBElAlICb, TpaKH paaaux np0I13130AK'TeAei1 ynopao «ne )J(eAaAH») cn-ucosan-ca APYl' C APyrOM, XOTll 11 asrrrycxexucs Ka3aJ1.0Cb ObI no eAIIHbIM '3:epTe)Kaf\of (KCTilTH, nOAo6Ha5I «nerpymxa» HaOAfOAalI.aCb1l3TO BpeMR II C TpaKMn1 TdHKa T-60).

C RHBap51 no KONCU. MapTa 1942 r. rrpooxeM0l1 TpaKOB 3a l.il:lMaAaCb cAY)J(6a Txasnoro KQH-

crpyxrcpa HKTTI noz, PYKOBOACTBO]\'f C.A.fI1H3- 6ypra. COBMeCTHblMI1 YCllAlllliYlH OrK T-IKTfl C I1H)J(eHepili'IH H TeXllOJ\ordMH Maprrynoxscxoro 3aBoAil 1111'1. vlAhH'Ia, ObIBITlerO Xapsxoacxoro 'I'paxropuoro 3aBoAa M 'LleA5lOIIHCKOro KHPOUcxoro 6b1AM paapaocrama ABa U013bIX 'l'Mua J\llThIX. TPaROB, 1\1151 npOtl3BOACTBa KOTOPbIX He Tpe60BaAaCb BbICOKOAerI1pOBaHHilR Aecj:JHII.HTHill! eraAb. flOMHMO KOHCTPYKlIHI1 rpaxa 6b1Aa 'TilK7Ke paspaoorana TeXHOAOrH5I OTAHBKll ero rpyrmoasnr MeTOAOM (noAo6J-w na60pHl,\M 'rpaKaM B coaper-reum-tx nAaCTHKOBbIX MOAeMlX). 3TO TPYAHO nepeouena'n., TaK KaK rtpexcae Ka;KAhIH 'TpaK Mor OTAHBaTbC5I TOAbKO B HHAHlll1-

40

9. TaHK .. T -34, OCHall.l"eHHbie TpaKaMH

w .. p .. Hoiii 550 MM, BblXOAAT .. a BOpOT aaaozia N~ 112. BecHa 1942 r,

Prestine T -34s rrttec with 550 mrn-wlde tracks pass throuhq th ega tes of the Prod uctio n Plant N~ 112. Spring 1942.

10. MaCllJTa6Hb'>'i PMCYHOK «3MMHMX" 'rpaxoa T -34

W .. pMHO>'i 550 MM, BbmycKa 1942-43 rr.,

Lo'IMeHOB8BLUM_XCSI TaK)I(e «rpax .. YllY"weHHoo;

n POXOI\)'I MO-Cn·., ».

Cnes3 - T3K ltaablB3eMblo; «ropbKoBCK .... i1 'rp ax», cnpaaa - «ypallbcKIII~ 'rpax».

OTBepcTM .. nOA wnopbl YlKe YHI14>"U.I1POS3Hb' C TpaKaM .. WMPMHOo; 500 MM All"

eA .. Hoo6paa .....

Tile drawings of two 550 mill tracks links. Left - so-called "Gorkiy"-type link. Rigll t· «Llra!»- type.

11. TaHK T-34, YKOMnl1eKTOBaHHbl~

TpaKaM .. , np .. HHTbIM .. HKTn B 1943 r.

The T-34 equipped with the track links approved by NKTP In 1943.

12. MacwTa6Hbli1 P"CYHOK TpaKoB T -34 urap .. HOi1

500 MM, BblnycKa 1942-43. CJleBB - XOJlOCTOi1 TpaK, YTaep)K.QeHHbli1 one HKTn C RHBap" 1 943. Cnpaaa - XOJlOCTOi1 TpaK nOA OAH06oJlTOBYIO wnopy.

Tile drawings ot the 500-rnrn links produced In 1942-1943.

AYilAbHble H3J\OJKHH1J;bI (UJI 11 110 na pHD),

OnOpHaJlITOBepXI-J OCT1, Tpmw 110A )l'1l1A.a pl1qJAeB11e IlO T~1Try 1''PHMeHeHHoro aa Til II «ax PzKpwf TIl, I(B, T-50 H A-43 , 3TO rrpl1HONlJIO K 6oJ\J,11IE'i1 npO'llIOCTH 'rpaxa rrpn l]O'-!TJ.l HeH3J'.leliHBlIIefIcH Macce ('I'pClK IJOJlY'WJ\ 1IIHO)KeCTBO peGep JKeCTKOCTI1) J.I i\y'-!IHE'M}' CQerrAeHIlIO rpsxa C 'rro'IDOM, HeC~'1OTp>r na TO, qTO H3Ha'ldAbHO l-fOBhli1 TpilK O.bI1\ crrpoercrnpcnen IIIUPHHOH 550 MM, ero Macca OblAd COY.TefIa 113AHlIIHerr (T-34 H TaK Y)Ke «T~lIly"" era 30 T" I1p01'ill3 25 '1' pac-rernsrx) H sropon BapUaHT rpaaa GblA 3aY)KeH B npOVl3BoAcTBe AO 500 !>l~I, C 1'lE'CHbl-AeTa 19421'. SOO-MM TpaK C purpAeE-wi1 (BaCpeAbHon»

nOllepXHOCTE.1O ObIA npnnsrr K MaCCOBOl>'ry rrponal,lOl~CTBY BceJvll rrpoH3lIOAH'I'elI5IMH, XOTH R(~KOTOpbI~Hl npeArrpHlTI'H,)fMH BhTUYCKaACfl H panee,

Oceumo 1942 r. llOAKAIOtlllBIIIHii:C5J j{ BblnyCry T-34 YpaAMillIl3aBOA, lll'l.feBlIIH.ii xopouree KY3- lJe'-! H 0- npeccosoe o6opy ~\O no. I-!He, paapaborax CB010 KOHCTpy"l,L\HIO XOAOCToro TjJClKCl, U3rOTd 8- JlliBaeMUrU 'I 1 ITd.iVlnOBKOM. 3'1'01' Tpcu<' Hd:3bLBilACH «paapeaaurre», TaR KaR COCTOJIJI H3 /'I,ByX rrOAYTPaKOB, MeH<AY KOTOPWl'Uf UCT8BdAC5f rrpO.Me)KY"rOK BnpO'IeM, TClHKH 3HliVB1 TpaKClMU CFIa'Iill\d nO'lTH FIe KOMllAel<TonaJ\]{Ch, TaK KaK K MOMerfTY ero l"laCCOBOrO OCBoeHHfl (allpeAb-Md.i11943 T,), Y3TM nOAHOCTblO 6bUl. rrepeKJIH)'lf'H HCl npona-

41

BOACTBO CAY. TaX'-lTQ 60J\bllIdl'3 "aCTh 3THX «panHHX paspeanstx» TpaxOB nOIlIAa na caeroxozun.re YCTaHOBKH CY -122 11 CY -85. Ii TOAbKO orpafioTalillbrPr B npovr3DoACT!3e CY-85 ({1103AI-lK.ii Pd3- pe.urotr» T1JaK nourex B TOM 'lHC'\e H aa TaHKl1.

AdAbHefilllee Pd3BHTHe TpaKd T-34 6bl/I.0 np01l3BeAeHO Hi! 3aBoAe 174 B r, O~fCKe. HMeHHO 3A(!Cb OH 6blA AOB(o'Af='ll AO CI3O(o'.[O }\0T"Wl8CKO- 1'0 IW!!IJ,a- :)'1'0 )KC nrc.AI rpunrne C 1943 1'_ CTaHOBH.TC1l AVlAepOil'1 13 npOfl3BOACTBC rpatcon A_I\l{ T-34 n C/\Y Ha ero Oa3e.. Tpaxn OY[CKOrO 3dBOAa CTaHOBflTCfI CaMb[MH BblCOKOKa'leCTBe.HHblMH H MaCCOBhll'll1. OMCKOMY )Ke 3dBOAY n pHHaAAeJKHT H 'leCT!, oTpa60TKl1 YAY'ilJ1CllIlOrO llaAbL\d Pfl5l COCAl111etH1H TpaKOI; He TO;\I;.I(O T-34 D CAY 1-Ia

VlX oaele, HO IT AJ\fI ApyrHX TdHKOB. HacrHHa51 C ocenn 1943 r. nexoropsre MelU<:J1e npearrparrrna, f13rOTOBl15lBill11e '1'paKH P.JI5.f T-34, oCBo6o)KAaroT' 010"1" Aal-ll-lOro flHAd npOA)-[K[_~HH.

nOc'l.eAHee 113~-1eHeHlle. KOHCTPYKI:\HH -rpaKOB T -34 6.,[AO BHece.HO B Ha'IaAe 1945 r. A-l\5I YI-lJ--lrpUKd.qHllllX Y 'ranxos T-34 11 T-44.

OAllaKo Ita q)OTOrpaJj:lJ~llX Tal-llWB T -34 BpeM eJ-l flOl~ H bJ He peAlW ncrpe QalOTCl1 rpe t, VI, I-I e ormcattmre B AOKYMeHTdlJ,HIT HKTn. n08TOMY nacrosrnas CTdThH He MOJKe'1' npe.'1'eHAOBdTb na llC'1'lIHY B nOCACAHeil llHCTdHIJIIH.

Kpoxe 'roro, dBTOp IlpOC11'1' He OTI~OCl'lThCH K nOMelL\el-ll-JbI~j ;>1~eCb J1306pa)Ke!HUlM TpaKOlJ, l<;{iK K C"T"pOfH "I MaCIJ1TdGH bl M '-lep·T'e)]{diYl.

42

13. CY-12.2n .. o ,I1BOpe Y3TM. Cneea EU"AeK "pa3pe3Ko';; rpax»,

TIl8 Su-122P ill the UZTP backyard. No Ie l'he -spf [" track link at tile left

14. MacruHl6Hb'';; pl1CYHOK «pa3pe3Hb'.X" TpaKoB T -34 WI<P"KO';; 500 MM. Cnpa6a - pa:H!-tl1~ TpaK, Clleaa - XOllOCTOL1' TpaK, BBe,l1.eHHbliii neTOM 1943.

The drawings 01 the 500'lllm links produced by UZTM for SP & tanks. At the left there's ·Iink were produced from summer 1943.

15-16. Pa3HoBlilAHOCT!II uinop TaHKa T -34 "13 KOnneKL\lII!II no .. GKOBOrO OTp!!Aa "3K .. nasc». B!IIAHa TaK Ha3blBaeMaR I!OAH06ol1Toaag» umopa, a TaKlKe umopsr nOA 500-MM

H 550-MM TpaKH H "YHI<BepCallbHa,," wnopa n03AHero aapaa-rra KaK nOA 500-MM TpaK, TaK" nOA 550-MM.

The collection of different T -34 track ice cleats belonging to "Equipage- military arcneolouv group,

16. MaGWTa6Hbl" pl<CyHOK TpaKOB, sBeAeHHblX BO STOPO" nOIlOB!IIHe 1943 r. CJ1eB3 - H3rOTOBHTeJ1b

He .. 3BecTeH, cnpaBa - T.H. ~'YHL1:<PL1.u.LI!poBaHHbIW), TpaK. I1MeHHo B TaKo;; KOMnJ1eKT311 .... []OGTaBIlSlnHCb TpaKIII Ha

T -34 !II CAY Ha HX 6a3e

Ha .. 6oJ1ee MaGCOBO.

The drawinqs oi tile T -34 track links produced in second l1alt of 1943. Left - manufacturer is UIl known, ri 9 h t - th e «un i fved» link· lhe most mass-produced version.

43

&OEnPHnACbl

nOC.l\E OKOHLJAHVl5l TIEPBofr J\!l1'"'OB0i1 BOnHbl, KO'f'OpaH AdJ\a crepr T U H poxosry rrpHMt.:H P ~lHf{) Crrel.(J1dA J,H blX lTl1t'l'OAeTOB i'vl5l 3dflYCK1'J CnfHdJ\bHbiX H OCBeTH"l'eAbHblX PaK(2']', I! fepMaHJ1H i-l!cKO'l'opOe BpervnI He pa3paoaTblBdAH 1I0A061-Il>TX cpeACTB, C'UlTi'JS1 l1i\leBllI HeCll aa BoopY>KeHHH 06pa3:O;bT 191 Si918 IT, BDO/ill8 l1UN(ONIJ:qHMll, Ho B KOHl.(e 20-x rOAoB B Pi:llVll<JIX IUHPOl<oli ~lOAepHIBal.(HI1 soopyscerran pe~xcBepd, rrp0J13HON1TeAHM opy)KTIlf 6.WAHBbl,V1Flbl TeXlfrr'wCK~le 3J.AdHIUf IT AI\51 HOBblX CHI ']-[ aJlliHblX ITl1C'l"OJ\.(~TOB, vb 1IIJeA-A 0- )Kt<J.JllhLX pa3A11'II-lbli\IH I~H1pMaMI'! 06pa31\013 AMI ITpI'lHHT115l Ed noopyaceune BbIOpaAI'I CI1J'I-ldAbI-Iblf[ 1111CTO;\(2T (l)kIP~'lbl «Baxsrep» oop, 1928 r.

B XQA8 B01~Cl{oBOI";j: 3Fcrr}\y(na U.H1J aroro IlI1CTOAeTa, n 1929-30 IT. OU;\O BblCKa3aHO 1I1)(_~N 10- AO)KCllHe, uro OJ-I ~H»)I,e'l' HcnO}\b3013dT]'OI He TOAbKO, KdK «lVIeTClTCAb OCBem;aKlUIYlX ~'leCTHOCTb wapHKOB», lie) kl AA>l cTpe,'l.b6bl oo"ee cepi.esnu-

1VI11 OoenprmdCllivII1. t.:['I'OObI TOHKOCTelHlhl f1: CTBOA TII'!CTOAeTd A-J1d1'JCTpOM 26.7-1'11'1 (OXC)"I'I-(J.fYHH 4-n KdJ\H6p] ~mr' Ilbl,L\ep)KaTb COAH~\JTI,Il';j 3aplIA rropoxa, 1-ICo6xOll,HMbTl~I i'v\H BbJOpOCfI CKOAbKO-HHOYAb cepsearroro 60errpHTIaca, em cHa6AI1AH /\OlIOAHl1TeAbHbm1 BK'\i:lAllbJM CTBOAHKOM, HbIJIOJl.HeF-lRbIM B BHAC ~Je'Ta'VU'I'IeCKOH n~AI,3bl, MllHOl1 01' Kd3e.HII.OI·O AO AYAbHoro cpeaa.

nepBbli"1 ooenpxnaco» p;~5J MeTdHIUl !1~\ III1CTO .. WTd CTdAa CKOAf)'-II-I(lf1 rpaaara oop, J 924 r. «cropaa llMecro X(1 paxrepnort AepC1HlllHOI1: pyKOHTKH xpenn» acs rra cn8l.(Iila!\b 1.1 bll~ XBOCTOBHK, COAep)KaJ_II.I~ f1: Bb[llllI6HOll 3ap~IA 11 AHCTaHIJ,1I01-1- uoe ycrponcrao, TaKaH IlCpf'l-\eAdHl-laH rpanara H~1eHOBdAdCb vVllrfkorpf'r 358 LP, O/\JolflKO }KH3ffb 3TOfO 60enpHJlflCd OKd3aMlCh lIeAOArOH. Boxsuioe conponmxearre B IWACTe H cpamrnTeAbJ-JO MdAil5J 3(±JCpeFTITBHOCTb upn B3pbIBe 3dCTaflHAl1 HeJl.1eqKUX OPY)K(2HHHKOB HCKdTL 11111.le peureuua. OAHO pelJJ('I-IJ1e 6bIAO npei,,\O>KNiO

44

Y)KC 110CAe 60eB D nOAblIle H 3dKIIIO'-lil/lOCb J3 3dMelIe r·paHaThl o6p. 1924 r. ne m'.u:(eBHAH)'10 l'paHilTy oGp.1939 r. HoBaR ]l,;IeTdTe.1\hHaJl Mffila [lOAy<!HAd Ha3BalIHe vVl.rrfkorper 36:1 LP. Tlpa 3TOrvl C Y'H;TOM jlBeAH'H2JHI11 ,\1eTdTeAblioro aapH/:I,a AdJ\bHOCTb cTpeJ\b6bT (13 rpanerroMeTa nOBbICI1AaCb, a 6Il.dJ··0A1IPl1 AY"JIllHH a3pOA(1HdMIFleCKI1M Ka<reCTBalQ ~H1Hhl yXy<!lIlIlll.aCb (1 ee TOqHOCTb nOllaAaIHUI. B A.dJ\bHeJ1lJ.le~·l KOHCTpyl~U.HH XBOCTOBHxa 610 I,\(1 erne aer-iuoro nepepeooraue, ,{TO n03BOAllAO MCnOAb30BaTb rpanary 5e:3 BKAdAHOrO CTBOAllKa us /\alcbHOCTM AO 100 1>1 (W urfkorper 361 L P nA.).

Apyrl1M HHTepeCIJJ,fM fioerrpHIlaCOi''j, HcnOAb30BtlBlIlHl'IClI C CHrHdJ\bHbr~1 a VlCTOAeTOM, 6bIA C 1·1 eI:(l'IdJ\bHhli1 II dTpOH, C 0- i\ep>KaII:\HII rparrary co craOHAH3aTopaMIl Wurfgranatpatrone 326 LP. rIpem."lY-

1. Kampfpistole, 3apll>KeHHbli'i rpaH<iToi'i Wurlkorper 361 nepeA BblCTpeJlOM

Kamptpistola with Wurlkol·per 361 before shooting

2. n"CToneTHaSl rpauara co CTep>KHeM Wurlk.orper 358LP

Wurfkorper 358LP pistole grenade.

3. nlllGTOneTHaSl rpaua'ra co CTep>KHeM Wurlkorper 361lP III Wurfkorper 361 LP na (Hoaoro o6pa3u.a)

Wurlkorper 361 LP & Wurfkorper 361 LP na pistols grenade

45

JJJ;eCTlla 3Toro narpoaa 3illV\IO'ld)lHCb B TOM, 41'0 N\5I ero II pHMeHeHH>l He 'rpefiosaxoct, xax-ro rOTOBHTb IIl1CTOAeT K Bhlcrpexy. OCTaTO'IHO 01>1110 BCTaBHTh naTpOH 13 IIdTpOHHl1K.VI n[lOH3BeCTll BbICTpeA 6 Hy>KHO~"l HanpaBAeHHH. Tlocxe 3:b1- crpexa rpanara BCTilBdJ\a ua 60eBOM B3BOA Ii B eE~ XBOCTOBOM '1aCTn pacnpesA5IAIICh Yf'Tbrpe I1ll.dCTI1H4aThIX cTa61111H- 3aTopa. 3dP5lA BB. COAep>Ktlllwi1Cl1 B rperrare, HeCMOTp51 na M.d.AYro Macey, 6hlA AOIlOAbHO Jr.WJJJ;HHIV! - 12 r. T3Ha. MaAblM AllaMeTp rpanarsr YAy'fllWA ee d3pOAJIHdJ;mQeCKOe KdLleCTBO H. AeTH co CKOPOCTbIO 6oJ\ee 70 Mle, rpana'ra. B OTAll'lHe OT n peAhlAy-m;HX, lie obIAa BHAHa B I10AeTe. AaAhH06oihJOCTb rpaaarsr Cocrasxnxe AO 400 M. Ha OCHOBe KOHCTpyKL(IDI MeTdTeMI OCKOAO'lHhIX 6oeIlpIllIaCOB 6h1A paapaooraa H npornsoraa-

&OEnpHnACbl

::.-' ,

'_ ..

'.-

I ................ ~vl

I

II !

"j !

I

I I

- .-

KOBbIH IIilTpOH Wurfgranatpatrone 326 I-:lL/LP ,C 1{Yl'lyA5lTI1B!-IO~1 rvuw,ofi, KO"l'Op,-,rH MOl' Hopa>KilTb opmno TOAID;HHOH AO 50-~.J! .. 1 na AaAbHOC'Tlf AD 300 H, HO '1'0'1- HOCTb CTPeAbObl TilKI:ll\\ O[)eIIpl1ndCO~1 6WAa 1-Il131{Ofi, 11 01-1 ue nauicx IIH1pOKoro npu ~!el-lE'H 1-111.

CM;Ayrom;eiT IIon:E.JTT<OH ncrroxt.aoBaTh nllCTOAeThl IIpOTllB TaHKOB CTdAd pa3pa6oTKa B 1943 r. ,AA5l ooeBoro [1IKTOAeTd lj:mpMJ.! "Ba,\!;rC)J", O·I'J\114aBU.t0- rocn GOAbLUOH i'lj)(J41-fOCTbI0, BblcTpella c KYl'IYA5fTHBHOit rpanaron THrra P\V1VI 1. 3Ta rpauara ~IaCCDBO npOlf3BOAI1AdCb AMI neXOTJ-Ih]x nOApa3N'M'J-H1!~ VI YCrIE'lJJ!-IO rrp VlME'HllllilCb I I pUT'l1 J3 -ra HKOB, rrpo-

OI1Bd5! 6pOJ-l[0 TOAIJ_\:vr! wit AO 150-)\o!",_ l13- l'OTOllAel-lI-Ihlti M51 nCnOllbJOBClHHH B rnrCTOAeTdX ee BdpHaHT IIOA':!'IW\. HCl3BdHI1e Vvurfmine H 62 LP, [-!O l-leC]\-lOTp51 ua ~1 I 10 roooe I J \(l1O I !.\11 e pe3y.~ bTdThl, rro» y-re H l-! bJ e Hil IfC fThlTill-il-fHX, H il nonpynce [-me npHHHT He 6 blll. , BI'lHOt! TOMY IIOCAY' )KITAd nee Ta)Ke HeAoCTaTO'lI-ld51 '1'0'·1' J-JOCTh IlO[]ClAill-Ll1t] na paccroanun AdAl>we]O M, ToK K(lK npl-1 Yl1eAJ.14f'H}lH Mf'TilTC'AJ,HOrO 3ilpllAil rpdHdTil Ha1:fHHilACi Ky-BhlPKdTbCH.

C Y'JeTOM outuook, nOA),,-IPHl-lblX lIP!'!

HJI'OTOJ1M~!-II~H OIII,t'l'llhIX rpeua'r, n 1<01-1- ue 1 ~j4 1 r. 6hlAil pa3paoo-rdl-ICl KOHCTPYKL1B5] r rrpl1:maHHdH YAa<lHoH. EIO CTaAil

46

4. nlllGTOlleTHaH rpaua'ra c onepeH"eM Wurfkorper 326 LP (cneea) .,

nlllCTOlieTHaR rpaua'r a C rOTOBMML-"I Hape38Ml1 Sprengpatrone (cnpaea)

Left: WurfkQrper 326 LP pistole grenade

Riglll: Sprenqpatrone

5. n.,CTOl1eTHaR npoT"ooTaHKooall KYMynATIOBHall rpauara Panzerwurfkorper 42 LP

Pallze rw u rl ko rp er 42 LP pi 5- tole AT QrP.rlade

6 .11 cn b!T a ,<0" ~ npo.raaorausoaoa n,""cTolleTHOItI rp3HaTbI Wurfmine H 62 LP

Wuril1line H 62 LP pistole AT qrenade durinq the testinq

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In SEARCH for the BEST (the armour)

by Alexey Isaev

The article tells the story of American and British desiqners work on th armor of the post-war J\.1BT. The data of the Korean war provided in the text.

8 pages, 10 photographs, 4 drawings and data obtained from artillery fi re Lrial of captured American IVlBTs.

The PzKpfw9/10- myth or reality?

By Michael Sviriv.

A 101 01 material was pubI ishcd about the development of the new armored fighting vehicles in Germany in '1944-45. The author researches the development of all-cast German pzKprw 9/10 heavy tank.

2 paqes, picture.

schemes.

Winged "Spartak"

by Michael Maslov

VikLor Bolkhovitinov is known as the designer of the DBA heavy bomber and Lhe Bi-l rocket-powered WW II fiqhter. This article describes his another design - the lesser known Iuqh-speed "5" C·Spartak") aircraft.

16 pages, 25 photographs, 6 drawings, performance table.

The leningrad Gun

by Michael Sviriv

Tbe story of now Iorqolten 45-mm mod 1941 an Litank gun which WilS developed and produced in sieged Leningrad.

3 pages, 5 photoqraphs.

AMTORG - the American Trace in Soviet Military Industry

by Michael Mukhin_

The first article in a series describi ng the activity of Ar-.IITORG - the organization which was in facl Soviet trade representative in USA .. In the first part the history of AMTORG and some interesting aspects of its activities are briefly desc ri bed.

The shoes for the T -34

by Michael Svirin.

The story of [he development and production of the T-34 track links illustrated wHh 9 photographs and sketches.

With a pistol against a tank

by Ivan Usytsyn

The story of the special munitions fOT the German Signal pistole and Kampfpistole. Drawings, photograph, grenades cutaway dawings.

•

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48

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The destroyed fitted wi th th e 500-mm track links of the A-43 type.

To the article on page 36_