Pediatrics MCQs:

You are awakened in the night by your 2-year-old son, who has developed noisy
breathing on inspiration, marked retractions of the chest wall, flaring of the nostrils,
and a barking cough. He has had a mild upper respiratory infection (URI) for 2 days.
The most likely diagnosis is
1. Asthma
2. Epiglottitis
3. Bronchiolitis
4. Viral croup
5. Foreign body in the right mainstem bronchus

A 7-year-old child is noted to have 2+ protein on urinalysis. A 24-h collection of

urine reveals a protein excretion of 2.5 g/24 h. A thorough history might reveal
ingestion of which of the following medications?
a. Tetracycline
b. Streptomycin
c. Trimethadione
d. Diazepam

A 2-month-old child is evaluated for failure to thrive. During the examination, the
child has a seizure. Stat serum chemistries demonstrate severe hypoglycemia,
hyperlipidemia, lactic acidosis, and ketosis. Physical examination is remarkable for
hepatomegaly, a finding confirmed by CT scan, which also reveals renomegaly.
Which of the following diseases best accounts for this presentation?
(A) Gaucher disease

(B) McArdle disease

(C) Niemann-Pick disease
(D) Pompe disease
(E) Von Gierke disease
A 6 year old girl is being evaluated for short stature. She is at the 12th percentile for
height and the 34th percentile for weight. Vital signs are within normal limits. And
physical exam shows widely spaced nipples and a high arched palate. Karyotyping
shows 45XO. Which is she most at risk of developing?
a. Bipolar disorder
b. Breast cancer
c. Mental retardation
d. Mitral valve prolapse
e. Osteoporosis
A 14-month-old infant receives chronic total parenteral nutrition for short gut
syndrome. Which of the following is the most common complication?
1. Sepsis
2. Liver disease
3. Pulmonary emboli
4. Air emboli
5. Irreversible atrophy of the mucosa of the small intestine

While rounding in the neonatal nursery, a routine physical exam on an infant reveals
aniridia and genital malformations. For which condition should this infant be screened?

a. Endocardial cushion defects

b. Hypercalcemia
c. Hypocalcemia
d. Tay-Sachs
e. Wilms tumor
An 8 yr. old female child following URTI developed maculopapular rash on the jaw
spreading onto the trunk which cleared on the 3rd day without desquamation and tender
post auricular and suoccipital lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis is
a. Kawasaki disease
b. Erythema infectiosum
c. Rubella
d. Measles

An 8-year-old boy is found to have progressive corneal vascularization, deafness,

notched incisors, and a flattened nose. The most likely cause of these changes is
congenital infection by ?
a. Toxoplasma
b. Rubella
c. Cytomegalovirus
d. Herpes simplex virus
e. T. pallidum
A 4-yr-old boy is noted to have stereotypic body movements and poor verbal and
nonverbal communication, with absence of empathy. At daycare, he has not made
any friends. The most likely diagnosis is:
a) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

b) Dysthymic syndrome
c) Deaf-mutism
d) Autism
e) Cerebral palsy
An infant is noted to have epicanthal folds, a broad nasal bridge, a large tongue, small
ears, hypertelorism, Brushfield spots, a single palmar crease on each hand, and a harsh
holosystolic murmur. What is the most common cause of this syndrome?
a. Deletion in the short arm of chromosome 5
b. Maternal meiotic nondisjunction
c. Paternal meiotic nondisjunction
d. Robertsonian translocation
e. Triploidy
An infant is rushed to the ER for profuse vomiting and you are asked to evaluate
him. You notice that the vomitus is bile tinged, and you become concerned about a
possible congenital anomaly. What is the most likely diagnosis?
a. Esophageal atresia
b. Hypertrophic pyloris stenosis
c. Imperforated anus
d. Midgut malrotation with volvulus
e. Pulmonary hypoplasia

An infant is noted to have epicanthal folds, a broad nasal bridge, a large tongue, small
ears, hypertelorism, Brushfield spots, a single palmar crease on each hand, and a harsh
holosystolic murmur. What is the most common cause of this syndrome?

a. Deletion in the short arm of chromosome 5

b. Maternal meiotic nondisjunction
c. Paternal meiotic nondisjunction
d. Robertsonian translocation
e. Triploidy

Pastia's lines are seen in?

A. Kawasaki disease
B. Scarlet fever
C. Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome
D. Syphillis

which vitamin deficiency is not present in newborn

[Biochemistry MCQs Q.2079]

A deficiency of vitamin B12 causes:
a. Cheilosis
b. Beriberi
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Scurvy
e. Rickets
A recovering premature infant who weighs 950 g (2 lb, 1 oz) is fed breast milk to
provide 120 cal/(kgd). Over ensuing weeks, the baby is most apt to develop?
1. Hypernatremia
2. Hypocalcemia

3. Blood in the stool

4. Hyperphosphatemia
5. Vitamin D toxicity

While bathing her 2-year-old son, a mother feels a mass in his abdomen. A
thorough medical evaluation of the child reveals aniridia, hypospadias, horseshoe
kidney, and hemihypertrophy. The most likely diagnosis for this child is
1. Neuroblastoma
2. Wilms tumor
3. Hepatoblastoma
4. Rhabdomyosarcoma
5. Testicular cancer
A 2-day-old infant is brought to your office by his mother, who says she has been
noticing copius amounts of blood in his stool for the past 2 days. The patient is
tachycardic but has not been experiencing any pain. What embyronic structure is
likely to be responsible for this patient's condition?
a. Ductus Arteriosus
b. Ductus Venosus
. Umbillical Artery
d. Urachus
e. Vitelline Duct