STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS for TRANSPORTATION MATERIALS and METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING Eighteenth Edition 1997 PART II TESTS Adopted by the AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALSNew editions are published annually. © Copyright 1997, by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This book, or parts thereaf, may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the publishers. With permission of ASTM, portions of this book have been reprinted and/or adapted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, copyright 1997 and earlier, American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Permission to further reproduce any of this material must be obtained in writing from ASTM, The current, ‘original editions of the ASTM standards are available directly from ASTM. ISBN: 1-56051-076-5 (Part I) ISBN: 1-56051-077-3 (Set) Published by the [American Association of State Highway and Transportation Olficials 44 North Capitol Steet, N.W. Suite 249 ‘Washington, D.C. 20001 (202) 624-5800AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 1995-1996 President: William Burnett, Texas Vice President: Darrel Rensink, lowa Secretary/Treasurer: Clyde E. Pyets, Maryland Regional Representatives Region | Carlos Pesquera, Puerto Rico Region Il Robert L. Robinson, Mississippi Region If Robert A. Welke, Michigan Region IV Marshall Moore, North Dakota Immediate Past President: Wayne Shackelford, Georgia Executive Director: Francis B. Francois, Washington, D.C.AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND ‘TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS HIGHWAY SUBCOMMITTEE ON MATERIALS 1995-1996 Michael Lackey, KANSAS, Chairman Katherine L. Holtz, TEXAS, Vice Chairman ‘Terry M. Mitchell, FHWA, Secretary ALABAMA—Larry Lockett, Materi- Charles E. Dougan, Manager of Shortridge Road, Indianapolis, ‘als and Tests Enginect, Alabama Research and Materials Indiana 46219 Highway Department, 1409 Coli. DELAWARE—Wayne Kling, Chief IOWA—Champak L. Narotam, Materi- scum Boulevard, Montgomery, Materials and Research Engi- als Engineer, Iowa Department Alabama 36130 neer, Department of Highways and of Transportation, 836 Lincoln “Stanley R. Armstrong, Geotech: “Transportation, PO. Box 778, Way, Ames, Towa 50010 nical Engineer Dover, Delaware 19903 KANSAS—Lon S. Ingram, Bureau ALASKA—David Esch, Research DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA—Wasi U. Chief, Bureau of Materials and Applications Engineer, Depart- Khan, D.C. Department of Pub: Research, Kansas Department of ‘ment of Transportation and Public lic Works and Transportation, “Transporation, 10th Floor, State Facilities, 3132 Channel Drive, 2000 1th Street, N.W., Room Office Building, Topeka, Kansas Tuneau, Alaska 99801-7898 N-401, Washington, D.C. 20009 66612 Tony D. Barter, Materials FLORIDAL. L. Smith, State Mater. KENTUCKY—James D. Stone, Direc: Engineer als Engineer, Florida Depart- tor, Division of Materials, Kentucky ARIZONA—Douglas A. Forste ‘ment of Transportation, 2006 “Transportation Cabinet, Frankfort, ‘Assistant State Engineer, Mate N. E. Waldo Rd,, Gainesville, Kentucky 40622 rials Section, Arizona Department Florida 32609 LOUISIANA—Jarvis J. Poche, Mater of Transportation, 1221 North Jimmy Lairscey, Director, als Engineer, Louisiana Depart 2st Ave., Phoenix, Arizona 85009 Office of Construction ‘ment of Transportation and ARKANSAS lim Gee, Engineer of GEORGIA—Ronald Collins, State Development, PO. Box 94245, Materials Division and Materials and Research Engi- Capitol Station, Baton Rouge, Research, Arkansas State High- reer, Georgia Department of Louisiana 70804-9245 ‘way Department, P.O. Box 2261, Transportation, 15 Kennedy MAINE—Warren T. Foster, Engineer Little Rock, Arkansas 72203 Drive, Forest Park, Georgia 30050 ‘of Technical Services, Maine —Ralph Hall, Assistant Chief HAWAI—Frank Uyehara, Materials Department of Transporation, Engineer, Operations ‘Testing and Research Engineer, State House Station 16, CALIPORNIA—Roy Bushey, Chief, Department of Transportation, ‘Augusta, Maine 04333 “Office of Materials Engineering 2530 Likelike Highway, Hono- MARYLAND—Samuel R. Miller, and Testing Services, California, lulu, Hawaii 96819 Deputy Chief Engineer, Office Department of Transportation, IDAHO—Everett L, Kidner, Materials fof Materials and Research, Mary 5900 Folsom Blvd, Sacramento, Engineer, Idaho Department of and State Highway Administra- California 95819 ‘Transportation, PO. Box 7129, tion, 2323 West Joppa Road, COLORADO— Warren Cramer, Sait Boise, Idaho 83707 Brooklandville, Maryland Construction and Materials ILLINOIS —I. G. Gebler. Chief of 21022 Engineer, Department of Trans: Materials and Physical MASSACHUSETTS—Leo C. Ste- portation, 420] East Arkansas Research, Illinois Department of vens, J, Materials and Research ‘Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80222 ‘Transportation, 2300 S. Dirksen Engineer, Massachusetts Highway CONNECTICUT—Keith R. Lane, Parkway, Springfield, Llinois Department, 400 D Street, South “Assistant Manager, Division of 62764 Boston, Massachusetts 02210- “Materials Testing, Connecticut INDIANA—Richard K. Smutzer, 1983 Department of Transportation, Chief, Division of Materials and MICHIGAN—-Roger Till, Supervising 280 West Street, Rocky Hill, Con- Tests, Indiana Department of Engineer Structural Services, necticut 06067 ‘Transportation, 120 South Michigan Department of Trans-portation, Materials and Tech- nology Division, PO. Box 30049, Lansing, Michigan 48909 Calvin Roberts, Engineer of Materials and Technology MINNESOTA—James A. Lilly, Mate- rials Engineer, Minnesota Department of Transportation, 1400 Gervais Avenue, Maple- \wood, Minnesota 55109 MISSISSIPPI—Jimmy W. Brumfield, State Materials Engineer, Mis- sissippi Department of Transporta- tion, B.}O. Box 1850, Jackson, Mississippi 39215-1850 MISSOURI—William L. Trimm, Divi- sion Engineer, Materials and Research, Missouri Highway and Transportation Department, PO. Box 270, Jefferson City, Mis souri 65102 MONTANA—James Walther, Chief Operations Engineer, Depart- ment of Highways, 2701 Prospect ‘Avenue, Helena, Montana 59620 —Ken Neumiller, Acting Chief, Materials Bureau NEBRASKA-Eldon D. Orth, Engi reer, Materials and Tests Division, Department of Roads, PO. Box 94759, Lincoln, Nebraska 68509) NEVADA—Dean Weitzel, Chief Mate- rials Engineer, Department of ‘Transportation, 1263 S. Stewart Street, Carson City, Nevada 89712 HAMPSHIRE—Alan D. Raw- son, Materials and Research Engineer, Department of Trans- portation, PO. Box 483. Stickney Avenue, Concord, New Hampshiee 03302-0483, NEW JERSEY—Henry Justus, Chief, Bureau of Materials, New Jersey Department of Transportation, CN-607, 1035 Parkway Avenue, ‘Trenton, New Jersey 08625 NEW MEXICO—Fred Cooney, State Materials Engineer, New Mex= ico State Highway Department, PO. Box 1149, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504 fim Stokes, Ma ing Engineer NEW YORK—Paul J. Mack, Director, ‘Technical Services Division, Department of Transportation, State Campus, Building 74, erials and Test- Room 210, 1 rue, Albany, New York 12; Wesley P. Moody, Dircctor Geotechnical Engincering Bureau NORTH CAROLINA—Richard W. Reaves, State Materials Engi reer, North Carolina Department ‘of Transportation, P.O, Box 25201, Raleigh, North Carolina 2611 Cecil L. Jones, State Materials Quality Engineer NORTH DAKOTA—Ron Homer, Materials and Research Engi- reer, North Dakota Department of Transportation, 300 Airport Road, Bismarck, North Dakota 58508 ‘OHIO—Stuart Schwotzer, Ad tor, Office of Engineering Pol- icy, Department of Transportation, 1600 West Broad Steet, Colum- bus, Ohio 43223, —Don Conaway, Deputy Director OKLAHOMA—Jack D. Telford, Materials Engineer, Oklahoma Department of Transportation, 200 NE 21st Steet, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73105 OREGON—Ronsald T. Noble, Materi als Unit Engineer, Oregon Department of Transportation, Highway Engineering Labora. tory, 800 Airport Road, SE, Salem, Oregon 97310 PENNSYLVANIA—Charles A. Kline, Chief, Division of Materials and ‘Testing, Bureau of Construction and Materials, Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, 1118 State Street, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120 —Roger L. Apple, Engi Tests PUERTO RICO—Orlando Diaz-Quir- {ndongo, Chief, Materials Testing Office, Department of Transpor- tation and Public Works, Box 3909 G.PO, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936 RHODE ISLAND—Mark Felag. P.E.. ‘Chief Civil Engineer (Mater als), Rhode Island Depastinent ‘of Transportation, Two Capitol Hill, Room O18, Providence, Rhode Island 02903 —David Amalfitano, Civil Engi reer (Materials) 10 Washington Ave- of Colin A. Franco, Managing Engineer SOUTH CAROLINA— Richard L, Stewan, Research and Materials, Engineer, Department of High- ‘ways and Public Transportation, Box 191, Columbia, South Caro- lina 29202 SOUTH DAKOTA—Lany E, Engbrecht, Chief, Materials and Surfacing Engineer, Department ‘of Transportation, 700 Broad- way Avenue East, Piere, South Dakota 57501-2586 ‘TENNESSEE—Floyd E. Petty, Engi neering Director, Division of Materials and Tests, Department of Transportation, 6601 Centen: nial Boulevard, Nashville, Tennes- see 37243 —Gary D. Head, Assistant Execu- tive Director, Bureau of Operations ‘TEX? S—Katherine L. Holt, Director, Materials and Tests Division, Department of Transportation, 125 E-Lith Street, Austin, Texas 78701 US. DEPARTMENT OF TRANS- PORTATION—Terry M. Mitch- cll, Chief, Materials Division, Federal Highway Administra tion, 6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean, Virginia 22101 —Richard J, Worch, Federal Aviation Administration UTAH—Gerald Barrett, Engincer of Materials, Department of Trans- portation, 4502 South, 2700 West, Salt Lake City, Utah 84119 VERMONT—Robert F. Cauley, Mate- Fials and Research Engineer, ‘Agency of Transportation, State ‘Administration Building, 133 State Sweet, Montpelier, Vermont 05602 VIRGINIA—Walton L, Hayden, Mate- rials Engineer, Department of Transportation, 1401 East Broad Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219 WASHINGTON—Dennis Jackson, Materials Engineer, Department WEST VIRGINIA—Gary L. Robson, Director, Materials Control, Soil and Testing Division, Division of Highways, 312 Michigan Ave-Charleston, West Virginia Si WISCONSIN—Stephen F. Shober, ‘Chief Pavements and Research Engineer, Wisconsin Department ‘of Transporation, 3502 Kins ‘man Boulevard, Madison, Wisconsin 53704 WYOMING—Rick Harvey, State Materials Engineer, Wyoming High way Department, PO. Box 1708, Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002 AFFILIATE MEMBERS GUAM—Marlon DeLeano, Depart ment of Public Works, Govern- ‘ment of Guam, PO. Box 9121 ‘Tam Uning, GU 96931 KOREA—Iung Hoon, Executive Vice President, Korea Highway Con- struction, CPO. Box No. 5147, Seoul, Korea NEW BRUNSWICK Gerard H. Kee nan, Director, Materials and Research, New Brunswick Depart ment of Transportation, PO. Box 6000, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B SHI NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS—David M. Sablan, Special Assistant to the Governor for Planning and Budget, Office of the Governor, Saipan, CM. 96950 NORTHWEST TERRITORIES—P. Vician, Department of Public Works, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada X1A 2L9 NOVA SCOTIA—Frank A. Gervais, Department of Transportation, PO. Box 186, Halifax, Nova Sco- tia BJ 2N2 ONTARIO—Guy Cautillo, Senior ‘Manager, Engineering Materials Office, Ministry of Transportation and Communications, 1201 Wi son Avenue, Room 313, Central Building, Downsview, Ontario, Canada M3M U8 SASKATCHEWAN-R. A. Widger, Director of Geotechnical and Materials Branch, Highways and ‘Transportation, 1610 Park Street, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada S4P 3V7 ASSOCIATE MEMBERS MASSACHUSETTS METROPOLI- ‘TAN DISTRICT COMMIS- SION—Terrence Johnston, Director of Laboratory, Massachu- setts Metropolitan District Com- mmission, 148 Newton Street, ‘Waltham, Massachusetts 02183 NEW JERSEY TURNPIKE ‘AUTHORITY —Howard L. Brynes, Assistant Project Engineer, New Jersey Turnpike Authority, ‘Administration Building, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 ‘THE PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW ‘YORK AND NEW JERSEY. Casimir Bognacki, Engineer of Materials, The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, One World Trade Center, 54 South, New York, New York 10048INTRODUCTION PART II METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING This eighteenth Edition of Transportation Materials is published in two parts, Part I contains specifications for materials, and Part Il includes methods of testing and specifications for testing equipment. Part I contains approximately 127 test methods and equipment standards, of which most contain both English and Metric units of measure. Revisions have been made in over 122 of the test methods or equipment standards since the Seventeenth Edition, 16 test methods ‘or equipment standards have been discontinued, and 5 new test methods or equipment standards have been added. A umber of test methods and equipment standards have been included in this publication atthe request of the AASHTO Subcommittee on Bridges and Structures Many of these test methods and equipment standards agree with those of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). In all cases where the Association and ASTM test methods and equipment standards are technically identical, or substantially identical with some changes, reference to the ASTM designation number is shown in the heading of the specification In past editions, AASHTO has printed ASTM test methods and equipment standards which have been adopted by AASHTO and given an AASHTO designation. This was done under a long-standing copyright arrangement between AASHTO and ASTM, After the Sixteenth Edition, ASTM withdrew a number of its test methods and equipment standards from that copyright arrangement, and accordingly, they did not appear in the Seventeenth Edition, However, printing of approximately 50 AASHTO-approved ASTM test methods and equipment standards has been reinstated in this Eighteenth Edition, These specifications appear in this edition as the actual ASTM test method or equipment specification preceded by a cover page with the AASHTO designation number. Any AASHTO exception to the ASTM test method or equipment standard is indicated on this cover page. The numerical order of the test methods and equipment standards has been retained, A list of the affected AASHTO test methods and equipment standards is included following the Table of Contents. General jurisdiction over Association standards in this field rests with the AASHTO Highway Subcommittee ‘on Materials, which has members representing each of the 50 States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia, that constitute the Member Departments of the Association, and the U.S. Department of Transportation, In addition, the Subcommittee has representation from several ofits Associate Members, including the Massachusetts Metropolitan District Commission, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, and the New Jersey Turpike Authority. Also represented on the Subcommittee are most of the Association's AMiliate members from other nations, including the Canadian Provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Saskatchewan, and the Northwest Territories. Three additional Affiliate Members represented are Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and the Korea Highway Corporation ‘Beginning in 1993 with the Sixteenth Edition, material specifications and test methods are published by AASHTO ‘ach year. Annual revisions are voted upon by the Association's 52 Member Departments prior to the publication of each new edition of this book, and if approved by at least two thirds of the Member Departments, they are included in the edition as standards of the Association ‘Comments regarding these specifications are welcomed and should be addressed to the Executive Director of AASHTO, 444 North Capitol Street, N.W., Suite 249, Washington, D.C. 20001PART Il TESTS ‘Table of Contents SUBJECT SEQUENCE Number Tule Page HYDRAULIC CEMENT T 98-95 Fineness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter ss 293 T 105-96 Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement 322 T 106.96 Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar (Using S0-mm or 2in. Cube Specimens). 352 T1079) Autoclave Expansion of Portland Cement... . 357 112790 (1990) Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement 395 T 128-92 (1996) Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the No. 100 (150-sum) and 200 (75-yum) Sieves 401 T 129-88 Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement 404 T3193 ‘Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle . . 406 132-87 (1994) Tensile Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars von 409 T 133-91 (1996) Density of Hydraulic Cement 414 1137-96 Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar 432 7133.96 Fineness of Portland Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus 464 T 154-91 (1996) Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Gillmore Needles 470 F 162.96 Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency S01 Early Sulfening of Portland Cement (Mortar Method) 570 Early Stiffening of Portland Cement (Paste Method) von STB Evaluation by Freezing and Thawing of AiEntraining Additions to Portland Cement 583 Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-yim (No. 325) Sieve susan SM BITUMINOUS MATERIALS T 40-78 (1996) Sampling Bituminous Materials os st T 44.96 Solubility of Bituminous Materials se 66 T 47-83 (1996) Loss on Heating of Oil and Asphaltic Compounds vo 68 T 48-96 Fish nd Fre Pons by Cleveland Open Cap 1 7 49-96 Penetration of Biturainous Materials 9 750.93 Float Test for Bituminous Materials cs 84 T5194 Ductility of Bituminous Materials 87 753.96 Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus) ce . OL 7 55-89 (1996) Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation 97 759.96 Testing Emulsified Asphalts 103 T 60-84 Discontinued—Sampling and Testing Wood Preservatives . 1 T 61-87 Discontinued—Coke Residue of Creosote .. 12s T 62-86 (1996) Distillation of Creosote and Creosote-Coal Tar Solutions vnnnnnnn 26 T 72-00 (1995) Saybolt Viscosity 200 73-89 (1995) Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester 208 174-86 Discontinued—Specifie Gravity of Creosote Fractions and Residue vn 223 T 78-94 (1995) Distillation of Cut-Back Asphaltic (Bituminous) Products 224 T 79-96 Flash Point With Tag Open-Cup Apparatus For Use with Material Having a Flash Less than 93.3°C (200°F) 20 T 8-87 Discontinued—Xylene-Insoluble Mater in Creosote von 248 T 82-86 Discontinued—Specific Gravity of Creosote and Oil-Type Preservatives 29 T 83-86 Discontinued—Dehydration of Oil-Type Preservatives renin 250 ‘T 102-83 (1996) Spot Test of Asphaltic Materials se otNumber T1094 T LLL83 (1996) T 115-84 (1996) T 16498 T 165-91 T 166.93 T 16795 T 168.96 717093, 1172.93 T 179.93 T 182-84 (1993) 1 195.67 F 200-79 (1994) 7201-94 T 202.91 7209-94 T2793 7 230.68 7240.98 7245.98 1246.93 T2793 269.98 7270-94 127591 7 283-89 7 287-93 T 300.95 T 30195 7302.95 T 87-86 (1996) T 88.93 (1996) 789.96 7 90-96 92-88 (1995) T 93.86 (1996), 799-95 T 100.95 T 13495 Ti3s.95 T 136.95 T 144-96 TT 146-88 (1995) T 176-86 (1996) T 180.95, 7 190.95 F 191.98 (1996) 7193.93 Tile Moisture or Volatile Distillates in Bituminous Paving Mixtures, Inorganic Matter or Ash in Bituminous Materials Distillation of Petroleum Products ‘Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen from Bituminous Paving Mixtures Effect of Water on Cohesion of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Balk Specie Gravity of Compared Biwminous Mistres Using Surad Sac Dry Specimens ns . Compressive Suength of Bituminous Mixtures Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures... Recovery of Asphalt from Solution by Abson Method Bituminous Mixing Plant Inspection Effect of Heat and Air on Asphalt Materials [Thin Film Oven Test] Coating and Stripping of Bitumen-Ageregate Mixtures Determining Degree of Particle Coating of Bituminous-Aggregate Mixtures Hl of Aqueous Solutions with the Glass Electrode 7 Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts (Bitumens). Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer ‘Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), oF API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method rss ns Specific Gravity of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method) Determining Degree of Pavement Compaction of Bituminous Aggregate Mixtures Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin Film Oven Test) Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus, Resistance to Deformation and Cohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Hveem Apparatus Preparation of et Species of Binion Mixes by Meas of ClfomiaKrewing ‘Compactor ve Percent Air Voids in Compacted Dense and Open Bituminous Paving Mixtures Centrifuge Kerosene Equivalent and Approximate Bitumen Ratio... Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Paraffin-Coated Specimens Resistance of Compacted Bituminous Mixture to Moisture Induced Damage .. en ‘Asphalt Cement Content of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures by the Nuclear Method Force Ductilty Test of Bituminous Material... Elastic Recovery Test of Bituminous Materials by Means of a Ductilometer Polymer Content of Polymer Modified Emulsions SOILS Dry Preparation of Disturbed Soil and Soil Aggregate Samples for Test Particle Size Analysis of Soils .. ve Determining the Liquid Limit of Soils Determining the Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils Determining the Shrinkage Factors of Soils Determining the Field Moisture Equivalent of Soils The Moire Density Relons of Soils Using a 254g 38) Rammer and « 305. (2sin.) Drop w Specific Gravity of Soils “Moisture-Density Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures Wetting-and-Drying Test of Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures Freezing-and-Thawing Tests of Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures Cement Content of Soil-Cement Mixture ‘Wet Preparation of Disturbed Soil Samples for Test Plastic Fines in Graded Agetegates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent Test Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.55-kg [10-16] Rammer and a 457-mam [18-in.] Drop Resistance R-Value and Expansion Pressure of Compacted Soils Density of Soil n-Place by the Sand-Cone Method ‘The Califomia Bearing Ratio . Page 360 365 370 518 157 m0 837 862 867 977 079 1040 1049 1s m7 1120 262 2 219 281 284 307 416 24 28 42 4s S44 360 58 591 597Number T 194-87 (1996) T 203-82 T 204-90 (1996) T 205-86 (1996) T 20687 T 20787 T 208-92 T 211-90 (1996) 1215-70 (1993) T 21698 7 217-87 (1996) T 218-86 (1996) T 219-87 (1995) 7220-66 7221-90 7 235.90 (1993) 1236.92 T 238-86 (1996) 7 239-91 (1996) T2SL-TT 125288 7254-80 T 25881 T 265.93 7 267-86 7272-86 1273-86 728891 T 289.91 T 290-95 291-94 729291 7294-94 7295.02 7 296.94 1297-98 7298.93 7291 (1996) Tot T 197 19-93 T 21-91 (1996) 127-93 73093 731-95 17193 Tile Determination of Organic Matter in Soils by Wet Combustion Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings Density of Soil In-Place by the Drive Cylinder Method Density of Soil In-Place by the Rubber-Balloon Method Penetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils... Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil Determination of Cement Content in Cement Treated Aggregate by the Method of Titation Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Heat) ssn (One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Determination of Moisture in Soils by Means ofa Calcium Carbide Gas Pressure Moisture Tester Sampling Hydrated Lime ‘Testing Lime for Chemical Constituents and Particle Sizes Determination of the Strength of Soil-Lime Mixtures Repetitive Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements Nonrepetitve Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components for USE in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements ve Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive Soil . ‘Correction for Coarse Particles in the Soil Compaction Test Diamond Core Drilling for Site Investigation Triaxial Compressive Stzength of Undrained Rock Core Specimens without Pore Pressure Measurements Determination of Lime Content in Lime-Treated Soils by Titration . Density of Soil In-Place by Block, Chunk, or Core Sampling Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load on Spread Footings Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate In-Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) Moisture Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate In-Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) Soil Investigation and Sampling by Hollow-Stem Auger Boring Measurements of Pore Pressures in Soils Installing, Monitoring, and Processing Data ofthe Traveling Type Slope Inclinometer Determining Expansive Soils... « Laboratory Determination of Moisture Content of Soils Determination of Organic Content in Soils by Loss on Ignition Family of Curves—One-Point Method Soil Suction Determining Minimum Laboratory Soil Resistivity Determining pH of Soil for Use in Corrosion Testing Determining Water Soluble Sulfate fon Content in Soil Determining Water Soluble Chloride fon Content in Soil Resilient Modulus of Subgrade Soils and Untreated Base/Subbase Materials, Resilient Modulus of Unbound Granular Base/Subbase Materials and Subgrade Soils-SHRP Protocol P46 Specific Gravity or API Gravity of Liquid Asphalt by Hydrometer Method Standard Method of Tet for Unconsoliated,Unaned Compressive Suen of Cohesive Soils in Triaxial Compression os Consolidated, Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cahesive Soils Standard Method of Test for High Strain Dynamic Testing of Piles AGGREGATES Sampling of Aggregates Materials Finer Than 75-um (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates Mechanical Analysis of Extracted Aggregate Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler for Road and Paving Materials sfect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Sttength of Mortar 64 705 70 16 m3 ns Bi TM BB m4 165 70 73 mm 787 793 881 883 891 915 951 975 1032 1056 1038 loss 1068 oss oa 1087 1093 10s 197Number 1 sis T8591 (1996) 196-94 T 103-91 (1996) T 104-94 Tat 1 22.92 723.93 T2493 126.79 197-86 T 119.93 Ti294 T 126.93 7140.93 T1193 T 148-88 T1S293 T1591 T5794 T 158-91 T 159-88 T 160.93 T 161-98 TIT 1178-83 T 196.95 T 19798 T 198.93 T1993 7231-90 7259-80 T 260.95 T2783 127691 T2793 7285-89 7299.95, 7303-96 132.96 742.96 T 187-92 (1996) Title Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate y “Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine vs Soundness of Aggregates by Freezing and Thawing ‘Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Aggregate Lightweight Pieces in Aggregate ‘Aggregate Durability Index Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size ‘Total Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates Using the British Wheel .. Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate . CONCRETE Compressive Stength of Cylindrical Conerete Specimens Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete Quality of Water To Be Used in Concrete Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Thied-Point Loading) Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete Mass per Cubic Meter (Cubic Foot), Yield, and Air Content Gravina) ‘of Concrete Making and Curing Conerete Test Specimens in the Laboratory . vs Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Portions of Beams Broken in Flexure Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete Measuring Length of Drilled Concrete Cores Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method Water Retention by Concrete Curing Materials AicEnwaining Admixtures for Concrete Bleeding of Concrete ‘Comparing Concrete on the Basis of the Bond Developed With Reinforcing Steel... Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic Cement Mortar and Concrete. ses Resistance of Conerete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam With Center Point Loading] Cement Content of Hardened Portland Cement Concrete vs Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance Spliting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens ‘Air Content of Freshly Mixed Conerete by the Chace Indicator spping Cylindrical Conerete Specimens Resistance of Conerete to Chloride lon Penetration Sampling and Testing for Chloride Ton in Concrete and Concrete Raw Materials Density of Plastic and Hardened Portland Cement Concrete la-Place by Nuclear Methods Developing Early-Age Compression Test Values and Projecting Later-Age Strengths Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride Ton Penetration Bend Test for Bars for Concrete Reinforcement... Rapid Identification of Alkali Silica Reaction Products in Conerete Accelerated Detection of Potentially Deleterious Expansion of Mortar Bars Due to Alkali-Silica Reaction BRICK Sampling and Testing Brick JOINT FILLER AND ASPHALT PLANK Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete Construction Concrete Joint Sealers xi Page 251 255 285 33 316 366 368 on 870 898 1022 1126 Is 2 2 3 201 382 384 387 435 437 47 456 473 477 481 485 490 495 582 554 609 6M 617 760 924 926 988 1006 tout loss up ue 38 0 516Number T 241M-95 7249.95 7 230.94 7281-94 T 6SMIr 65.95 768.96 T 68M-96 110.96 780.96 T2391 Tw ‘T 243M-92 (1996) 7 244905 1 253-76 7 266-96 1 67-96 T 143-91 (1996) T IS1-81 (1996) T3773 7250-98 7256-77 257.86 282.90 286-90 7263-78 7264-78 T4295 T 60-84 ToL-87 T 62-86 (1996) T7486 T 81-87 T8286 T8386 Title CULVERT PIPE AND DRAIN TILE, Helical Continuously Welded Seam Corrugated Steet Pipe Helical Lock Seam Corrugated Pipe Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tle Vitrified Clay Pipe .. ses METALLIC MATERIALS Mass of Coating on tron and Steel Articles with Zine or Zine-Alloy Coatings “Tension Testing of Metallic Materials : ‘Tension Testing of Metallic Materials Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials ' Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials Weight of Coating on Aluminum-Coated Iron or Steel Articles ns Sampling Procedure for Impact Testing of Structural Stee! ‘ Mechanical Testing of Steel Products Coated Dowel Bat Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials MISCELLANEOUS. ‘Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines... ‘Sampling and Testing Catcium Chloride for Roads and Structural Applications ‘Testing Drying Oils ‘Testing Epoxy Resin Adhesive ‘Thermoplastic Traffic Line Material. Pavement Deflection Measurements Instrumental Photometric Measuremeats of Retroreffective Materials and Retroreflective Devices Calibrating a Wheel Force or Torque Transducer Using a Calibration Platform (User Level) “Measurement of Vehicular Response to Traveled Surface Roughness ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS ‘Chemical, Biological, and Physical Analysis of Water Collection and Preservation of Water Samples PAVEMENT SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS Frictional Properties of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tite x. Measuring Texture Depth of Portland Cement Concrete Using a Tire Tread Den Gage Side Force Friction on Paved Surfaces Using the MU-Mete eo. Surface Frictional Properties Using the British Pendulum Tester PAINTING AND TRAFFIC MARKING AND SIGNING Discontinued—Sampling and Testing Wood Preservatives Discontinued—Coke Residue of Creosote Distillation of Creosote and Creosote-Coal Tar Solutions Discontinued-Specific Gravity of Creosote Fractions and Reside Discontinued—Xylene-Insoluble Matter in Creosote Discontinued--Specific Gravity of Creosote and Oil-Type Preservatives Discontinued—Dehydration of Oil-Type Preservatives Page 301 374 1026 1032 132 14 166 188 233 684 810 8b 888 953 136 439 449 781 876 1036 1046 943 946 805 942 916 1017 14 Rs 126 223 248 249 250Number T 151-81 (1996) 7237-73 Tile ‘Testing Drying Oils ‘Testing Epoay Resin Adhesive ‘Thermoplastic Traffic Line Material DISCONTINUED SPECIFICATIONS Ly and Ly, Noise Determination Page 449 781 876Number T 2.91 (1996) 711-91 1996) T 197 19M93 721-91 (1996) T 40-78 (1996) 742.96 T4496 T 47-83 (1996) 148.96, 749.96 50-93 TSL94 1 53.96 T 55-89 (1996) 759.96 T 60-84 T6187 T 62-86 (1996) T OSMIT 65.95, 767-96 T 68.96 T68M.96 170-96 T7193 T 72.90 (1995) T 73-89 (1995) T 74-86 T 78-94 (1995) 179.96 T 80.96 T 81-87 T8286 T8386 T8495 85-91 (1996) T 87-86 (1996), T 88-93 (1996), 789.96 1 90-96 ART HL TESTS Table of Contents NUMERICAL SEQUENCE Subject Page Sampling of Aggregates... Materials Finer Than 75.jum (No. 20) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing 6 Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate 9 Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete se . B Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens 15 Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field... 2 ‘Obvaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete - 27 ‘Quality of Water To Be Used in Concrete ve sen 31 Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates . 32 Mechanical Analysis of Extracted Aggregate 36 Sampling and Testing Brick 38 Sieve Analysis of Mineral Filler for Road and Paving Materials, 9 Sampling Bituminous Materials vo 31 Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for Concrete Construction oo Solubility of Bituminous Materials 66 {Loss on Heating of Oil and Asphaltic Compounds os Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup 1 Penetration of Bituminous Materials n Float Test for Bituminous Materials 84 Ductlty of Bituminous Materials vo ST Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus) vo 91 ‘Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation 7 ‘Testing Emulsified Asphalts 103 Discontinued—Sampling and ‘Testing Wood Preservatives, . 124 Discontinued—Coke Residue of Creosote Rs Distillation of Creosote and Creosote-Coal Tar Solutions 126 Mass of Coating on Iron and Steel Attcles with Zine ot Zinc-Alloy Coatings 132 Standard Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines . 136 “Tension Testing of Metallic Materials . 144 ‘Tension Testing of Metallic Materials 166 Brinell Hardness of Metalic Materials vn 188 Effect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Suength of Mortar 197 Saybolt Viscosity ' 200 Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester ' mo 208 Discontinued —Specifie Gravity of Creosote Fractions and Residue Pov 223 Distillation of Cuc-Back Asphaltic (Bituminous) Products 224 Flash Point with Tag Open-Cup Apparatus For Use with Material Having a Flash Less ‘Than 93.3°C 00°F) 230 Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials 23 Discontinued—Xylene-Insoluble Matter in Creosote ' 248 Discontinued-—Specitic Gravity of Creosote and Oil-Type Preservatives 249 Discontinued—Dehydration of Oil-Type Preservatives . : 250 Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate 251 Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate ' 255 Dry Preparation of Disturbed Soil and Soil Aggregate Samples for Test 260 Panicle Size Analysis of Soils ve rene 262 Determining the Liguid Limit of Soils 273 Determining the Plastic Limit and Plasticity Tadex of Soils 279Number 7-92-88 (1995) 7 93-86 (1996) 196.94 197-86 198.95 799.95 7 100-95, T 102-83 (1996) T 103-91 (1996) T osos T 105.96 T 106.96 T0791 T 110-94 T 11183 (1996) T 112.91 (1996) 1113-96 T 115-84 (1996) T 119-93, Ti294 T 128-92 (1996) 129-88 (1995) T1393 1132-87 1994) 7133-91 (1996) T 13495 T 135.95 T 136.95 T3796 7140.93 T1193 T 143.91 (1996) T 14496 T 146-88 (1995) T 148-88 T 151-81 (1996) 152-93 7133-96 T 15491 (1996) 7135.91 1157-94 T3891 7159.88 T 160-95 T 161-94 T 162.96 T l6to4 1 165-91 T 166.93 T 16795 T 168-96 T7003 T 172.93, T 176-86 (1996) TITS T7883 Subject Page the Shrinkage Factors of Soils .. 281 Determining the Field Moisture Equivalent of Soils 284 Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading) jeness of Portland Cement by the Turbidimeter 0. ‘The Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2'5-kg (55-1b.) Rammer and a 305-mm 12ein.) Drop ses _ ns Specific Gravity of Soils Spot Test of Asphaltic Materials Soundness of Aggregates by Freezing and Thawing ‘Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar (Using or 50-mam or 2 ‘Autoclave Expansion of Portland Cement . - Moisture or Volatile Distllates in Bituminous Paving Mixtures Inorganic Matter or Ash in Bituminous Materials Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in Ageregate Lightweight Pieces in Aggregate . Distillation of Petroleum Products Slump of Hydraulic Cement Conerete Mass per Cubic Meter (Cubic Foot), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetic) of Concrete ‘Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement ... Fineness of Hrd Comet bythe No, 100(180;an) and 20 Cam) Sives [Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement os Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle Tensile Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars Density of Hydraulic Cemen Moisture-Density Relations of Soil-Cement Mixtures ‘Wetting-and-Drying Test of Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures Freczing-and-Thawing Tests of Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Portions of Beams Broken in Flexure ‘Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete ‘Sampling and Testing Caleium Chloride for Roads and Structural Applications Cement Content of Soil-Cement Mixture ‘Wet Preparation of Disturbed Soil Samples for Test ~ ‘Measuring Length of Drilled Concrete Cores ‘Testing Drying Oils ‘Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method .. ineness of Portland Cement by Air Permeability Apparatus ‘Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Gillmore Needles . ‘Water Retention by Concrete Curing Materials 7 ‘AirEniraining Admixtures for Concrete Bleeding of Concrete ‘Comparing Concrete on the Basis of the Bond Developed With Reinforcing Steel Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic Cement Mortar and Concrete Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency ‘Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen from Bituminous Paving Mixtures Fect of Water on Cohesion of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures ... Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Saturated Surface Dry ‘Cube Specimens) Specimens o . 32 Compressive Strength of Bituminous Mixtures 523 Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures . ' 530 Recovery of Asphalt from Solution by Abson Method 534 Bituminous Mixing Plant tnspection 338 Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent Test ae) Flexural Strength of Concrete {Using Simple Beam With Center-Point Loading] 552 cement Content of Hardened Portland Cement Concrete 554Number 1179-93 T 180.95 T 182-84 (1993) T8591 T 186.96 T 187-92 (1996) T 188-75 7 190.93, T 191-93 (1996) 7192-96 T 193.93 T 194-87 (1996) T 195.67 T 196.95 7197.98 T 198.93, T 199-82 ‘T 200-79 (1994) T 201-94 202-91 7 203-82 T 204-90 (1996) T 205-86 (1996) T 206-87 7 20787 T 208-92 T 209.98 721095 211-90 (1996) T2391 T 215-70 (1993) 7216.94 T 217-87 (1996) ‘T 218-86 (1996) 219-87 (1995) 220-66 T 221-90 T2281 1 223-76 (1990) T 224-86 (1996) T 225-83 (1996) 7 226-90 T2798 T2894 T 229-85 (1993) 7 230.68 7231.90 7 232.90 (1995) T 233-86 (1996) 7 235.90 (1993) 7236-92 237-73 T 238-86 (1996) 239-91 (1996) 7240.94 Subject Effect of Heat and Air on Asphalt Materials {Thin-Film Oven Test] Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 4.54-kg (10-Ib) Rammer and a 457-mm (18:in,) Drop Coating and Suipping of Bitumen-Aggregate Mixtures Early Stiffening of Portland Cement (Mortar Method) Early Stiffening of Portland Cement (Paste Method) Concrete Joint Sealers Evaluation by Freezing and Thassing of Air Entraining Additions to Porand Cement Resistance R-Value and Expansion Pressure of Compacted Soils Density of Soil In-Place by the Sand-Cone Method enn Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-yum (No, 325) Sieve ‘The California Bearing Ratio Determination of Organic Matter in Soils by Wet Combustion Determining Degree of Pasticle Coating of Bituminous-Aggregate Mixtures Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete By the Volumetric Method ‘Time of Seting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance .. Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens ‘Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Chace Indicator pH of Aqueous Solutions withthe Glass Electrode Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts (Bitumen) ses Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum Capillary Viscometer Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings Density of Soil In-Place by the Drive Cylinder Method Density of Soil In-Place by the Rubber-Balloon Method Penetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils ‘Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity and Density of Bituminous Paving Mixtures Aggregate Durability Index Determination of Cement Content in Cement Treated Aggregate by the Method of Titration Weight of Coating on Aluminum-Coated fron or Steel Anicles Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head) One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Determination of Moisture in Soils by Means of « Calcium Carbide Gas Pressure Moisture Tester : Sampling Hydrated Lime Testing Lime for Chemical Constituents and Particle Sizes Determination of the Strength of Soil-Lime Mixtures Repetitive Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements Nontepetitve Static Plate Load Test of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavement. Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive Soil Correction for Coarse Particles in the Soil Compaction ‘Test... Diasmond Core Drilling for Site Investigation Triaxial Compressive Strength of Undrained Rock Core Specimens without Pore Pressure Measurements Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), of API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Lid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method Specific Gravity of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method) vo Determining Degree of Pavement Compaction of Bituminous Aggregate Mixtures ‘Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens Determination of Lime Content in Lime-Treated Soils by Tiation ... Density of Soil In Place by Block, Chunk, or Core Sampling Bearing Capacity of Soil for Static Load on Spread Footings Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions Testing Epoxy Resin Adbesive Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate In-Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) Moisture Content of Soil and Soil-Aggregate In-Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) Effect of Heat and Air on a Moving Film of Asphalt (Rolling Thin Film Oven Test) Page 337 560 367 370 573 576 383 584 Sol 594 397 603 605 61 617 620 626 637 645 on 632 656 659, 663 on 6st 684 688 694 705 707 no 116 3 ns BL BS ma 744 750 758 137 760 765 70 ™ m7 781 787 13 1Number T241M95 1242.95 Toy T 243M-92 (1996) T 24495, T 245.94 1246.93, T2793, T4895 T 249M.95 7250.98 T2SL77 7252-84 7233-76 7261-78, 7263-78, 7264-78, 7265.93, T 266.96 T 267.86, T 268-91 7269.94 127094 271-83 T7691 T2778 1278.90 1279-91 "F 280.98 T2894 T 282.90 7 283.89 7 28589 T 286.90 7287.93 T 28891 T 280.91 7290.95 T201-98 T2291 T0408 T 295.92 7206.98 7297.98 T 208.93 7 299.93 300.94 Subject Helical Continuously Welded Seam Corrugated Steel Pipe Frictional Properties of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tire Sampling Procedure for Impact Testing of Structural Steel ‘Mechanical Testing of Steel Products Resistance to Plastic Flow of Bituminous Mixtures Using Marshall Apparatus Resistance to Deformation and Cohesion of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of Hiveem ‘Apparatus Preparation of Test Specimens of Bituminous Mixtures by Means of California Kneading ‘Compactor Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size Helical Lack Seam Corrugated Pipe ‘Thermoplastic Traffic Line Material Soil Investigation and Sampling by Hollow Stem Auger Boring Measurements of Pore Pressures in Soils Coated Dowel Bars Installing, Monitoring, and Processing Data ofthe Traveling Type Sloe Inclinometer ‘Total Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying Pavement Deflection Measurements Instrumental Photometric Measurements of Retroreflective Materials and Retroreflect Devices Determining Expansive Soils Resistance of Conevete to Chloride fon Penetration Sampling aad Testing for Chloride Ton in Concrete and Concrete Raw Materials Measuring Texture Depth of Portland Cement Concrete Using 2 Tire Tread Depth Gage Chemical, Biological, and Physical Analysis of Water vs Collectio and Preservation of Water Samples Laboratory Determination of Moisture Content of Soils Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials (CVN) Determination of Organic Content in Soils by Loss on Ignition Side Force Friction on Paved Surfaces Using the Mu-Meter Percent Air Voids in Compacted Dense and Open Bituminous Paving Mixtures Centrifuge Kerosene Equivalent and Approximate Bitumen Ratio Density of Plastic and Hardened Portland Cement Concrete in Place by Nuclear Methods Family of Curves—One-Point Method Soil Suction [Bulk Specitie Gravity of Compacted Bituminous Mixtures Using Paraffin-Coated Specimens Developing Early-Age Compression Test Valves and Projecting Later-Age Strengths Electrical Indication of Concrete's Ability to Resist Chloride fon Penetration Surface Frictional Properties Using the British Pendulum Tester ‘Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates Using the British Wheel Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile Vitrified Clay Pipe Calibrating a Wheel Force or Torque Transducer Using a Calibration Platform (Usee Level) Resistance of Compacted Bituminous Mixture fo Moisture Induced Damage Bend Test for Bars for Concrete Reinforcement Measurement of Vehicular Response to Traveled Surface Roughness Asphalt Cement Content of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures by the Nuclear Method Determining Minimum Laboratory Soil Resistivity pH of Soil for Use in Cortosion Testing Water Soluble Sulfate fon Content in Soil Determining Water Soluble Chloride Lon Content in Soil Resilient Modulus of Subgrade Soils and Untreated Base/Subbase Materials Resilient Modulus of Unbound Granular Base/Subbase Materials and Subgrade Soils SHRP Protocol Pa6 Specific Gravity or API Gravity of Liquid Asphalts by Hydrometer Method Unconsolidated, Undrained Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soils in Triaxial Compression Consolidated-Undrained Taiaxial Compression Test on Cobesive Soils High Strain Dynamic Testing of Piles Rapid Identification of Alkali Silica Reaction Products ia Concrete Force Ductilty Test of Bituminous Materials Page 801 805 810 813 857 862 953 975 976 on 79 988 1008 1006, 101 1017 1022 1026 1032 1036 1040 1044 1046 1019 os2 1056 1058 1063 1068 1083 1088 1087 1093 10s ne 1sNumber 7301-94 0! 303-96 308-96 7262-82 Subject Elastic Recovery Test of Bituminous Materials by Means of a Ductilometer Polymer Content of Polymer Modified Emulsions ‘Accelerated Detection of Potentially Deleterious Expansion of Mortar Bars Due to ‘AlkaliSilica Reaction ' Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate DISCONTINUED SPECIFICATIONS Lip and Ly Noise Determination Page ur 1120 122. 1126As an aid to the user of this volume, the following tabulation shows equivalences between AASHTO and ASTM specifications, Where lan asterisk ) follows the ASTM muniber there is a difference between the two specifications. These diferences are explained under each Individual specification. AASHTO Designation 1291 11-91 (1996), T 1977 19M-93 721-91 (1996) T2292 123.93 T2493 T7793 13296 137-95 T 40-78 (1996) 742.96 T 41-96 747-83 (1996), 148-96 149.96 T5093 T5194 153.96 T 55-89 (1996) 159.96 7 62-86 (1996) T6SMIT 65-95 167-96 T6896 68M.96 770-96 T7193 1-72.90 (1995) 773-89 (1995) 78-94 (1995) 80:96 T 88.95 85-91 (1996) 796.94 197.86 98.95 F 100.95 105.96, 7 106.96 Tir Thos T 11291 1.996) T1396 T 115-84 11996), P1993 Tio ASTM Designation D 75-87 (1992) 117-90" € 29/0 29M.91a © 40.92" 29.86" © 31-900" ©4290 © 136-84a" © 67.94" D546.93¢ D 140.93 D S45-84 (1993)¢ 2042.93" 6-80 (1990) 92.90 ps9 139.90 D 113-86 (1992)* D 26-86 (1993)* 1D 95.83 (1990)* Daa D 246-89 AOA. 90M-93" E494 E8950" E 8M.95a¢ E1093 87-83 (1995)" D sour 93.94 402.94 B ig.oat 128.93" © 127-88 (1993)¢ 131-89" crt c1is.93 1 8s4-43¢ Cras © 109-94 151-93 D 161-85" © 142-78 (1990)" © 123.94 86-93 © 143.902 13892 AASHTO Designation 112693 7 127.90 (1995) T 128-92 (1996) T 129-88 (1995) Tis 1 132-87 (1994) 7133.91 (1996) T1495 7137.96 7140.93 Tist93 T1291 7143-91 (1996) 7 144.96 T 148.88 T5181 (1996) 115293, 153.96 T 154-91 (1996) T1s5.91 157.94 TIs8.91 715988 160.93, T6194 7162.96 T6494 T 165.91 T1679 168.96 T7093 Times T7781 T7883 T7935 T 182-84 (1993) Tissot 146.96, TT 187-92 (1996) T 19093, ‘T 191.93 (1996) 1192.96 7195.67 T 19695, T 197.98 T 198.93, "F 200-79 (1994) ASTM Designation © 192-902 C 183-88 C 18494 187-86 (916) 191-92 C 190-85 C 188.89 (1995) D 558-82" c1as.94 € 116-90 172-90" © 70-79" 345.90" D 806.96 c 174.87 D 555-84 (1992)" c2a1-91 C 204-948 © 266-89 C 156-89 © 233.93 C287 287 157-89 6665-92 C 305-98 D 2172.88" D 1075-94" D 1074-934 D 979-96" D 1836.95a" D 290-913" 293-79 85-66 (1973) D 1754.83 D 1664-80 350.89 45-89 D 1191-84 (1994) D 2844-69 (1975) D 1556-64 (1982) ca3098 1 2499.67 (1980) c173.94 403-92 €496.90 £70.90AASHTO Designation T2010 T2901 T0382 7 205-86 (1996) 7206-87 ‘7207-87 7 208-92 210-95 rust 7215-70 (1993) 1216.94 1221-00 7226.90 7207.93 728-08 7 220.85 (1993), rat 7235-00 (1993) 7236-92 1 238-86 (1996) 7239.91 (1996) T2094 ASTM Designation 2170-92" 2171-92 D 1452-80 2167-66 (1984) D 186-84 D 1587-83" D 2166-85 D 3744-94" A 28.89 D 2434-68 (1994) D 2435.90 D 1195-64 (1987) 1D 2664.86 D 1298-85 (1990)" 1D 70-82 (1990)* D1 617-87 D 1198-72 (1994) 3080-72 (1979y" ba2-71 2017-72 (1978) D 2872-88 xx AASHTO Designation T2295 "T243/T 2436.92 (1996) T2402 Tas.04 124693, 1247-93 T4895 1255.92 7266.96 7268.91 7269.94 T2094 T2691 T2890 T2091 7280.94 7281-94 7282.90 7286.90 7287.93, 1297.94 ASTM Designation © 274.90" A 673A 673M.906 A37092 D 1359-76" D 1560-81" D 1561-81 702-93 C 566.89 E 23.045 E 670.87 D203-91 D 5148-90 CoIs-88 F 303.93" 3319.90 (© 497-9410 497M-94 © 301-93" 556-82 1082.90 4125.92" D 4767-88ASTM Designation A908 90M.93° A31092 A889 A 673A 673M-905 C291 29M-91a 31-900" 39.86" © 40.92" C8290 C6794 70-79" cms © 85.66 (1973) © 87-83 1995)" © 109.94 cc a9a 115.93 c 11690 cu790" C1304 12788 (1993)¢ nsx 1BEKo* Bestar 13892 142-78 (1990)* 143-900 151-934 136.89 157-89 172.90" 113.94 17487 183-88 © 184-94 © 185-94 © 187-86 te) © 188-89 (1995) © 190.85 © 191-92 © 192-90, © 204-948 c2191 223287 £233.93 223487 © 266-80) 293-79 5451-89" AASHTO Designation T OSMIT 65.95 T2492 T2391 “T2470 243M-92 (1996) T1977 19.93 123.93 T7292 T 21.91 (1996) 12493 732.96 Ti 197-86 T1783 T7193 7 106.96 7 105.96 198.95 7140.93, T1191 (1996) 111396 T85-91 (1996) Tasos 196.94 ry Tig 7112-91 (1986) T1993 T1791 T 155.91 T1093 Tatss T 19595, Tiss 7 127-90 (1995) T 128-92 (1996) 1137-96 “T 129-88 (1995) 1133.91 (1986) T 132-87 (1994) TIL T 12693 1153-96 115293 Tise91 Tastes 7159-88 T 154-91 (1996) vist TasLos 7 162.96 T1591 1197.98 1192.96 1136.96 ASTM Designation © 496-90 ca97-941C 497M. 94 © 566-89 c617-87 666.92 cm2.93 co18-88 Ds. D 6-80 (1990)" D 36-86 (1993)* D 70-82 (1990)* D778 D 75.87 (1992) D863 Dagod 92.90" D994 1D 95-83 (1990)* D 113-86 (1992) D 139.90 D 140.93 Dosaor 246.89" D 290.914" D 345.90" Daast D 545-84 1993)" D 546.93 D 555-84 (1982)" D 558-82" D 806-96 854-83 979.966 D 1074-93 D 1075.94" D 1191-84 (1994) D 1198-72 D 1195-64 (1987) D 1298-85 (1990) D 1452.80 D 1461-85" D 1556-64 (1982) D 1559-76" D 1560-81" D 1561-812 D 1586-84 D 1587-83" D 1668-80 D 1788.83 D 1856.952" D 2082.93 2166-85 1D 2167-66 (1984), 2170-92" AASHTO Designation T9393 T280.98 7255-92 7231-90 T6194 7218.95, 727691 799.96 7-47-83 (1996) 153.96 722894 7 220-85 (1993) 7291 T 115-84 (1996) 772.90 (1995) 148.96 773-89 (1995) T 55.89 (199) Tio 150-93 40-78 (1996) 759.96 62-86 (1996) T1293 7143.91 (1996) 78-94 (1995) 142.96 37-95 TISL-8I (1996) T3t95 T 14496, 1009s 7 168.96 167.95, 165.91 T187-92 (1996) T.235.90 (1993) Trio T2793 T2034 Tosa T 191-93 1996) Tas.04 7246.93, Tans 120687 120787 T 182-84 (1993) T7993 Ti93 Ta496 T2082 7 205.86 1996) T2194ASTM Designation 271.92 D 2172.88" D 2434.68 (1994)* 2435.90 2489-67 (1980) D 2664-86 D 2844-69 (1975) D 2872.88" 2022-71 3017-72 1978) D 3080-72 (1979) 3203.91 D 3319-90 D 374494" D 425.92 AASHTO Designation T0291 T 16494 7215-70 T1694 7195.67 7226.90 T 19093 T2a098 T2886 T2091 1236.92 7269.94 T2991 T2095 Tas793 1993) (1996) 1996) ASTM Designation 4767-88 D 148-90 5494 E89sat EaMsat E 10-93 E 18-94 23-045 E 70:90 £274.90" 5 30393" E 556.82" E 67087 1082.90 AASHTO Designation 7297.94 T2094 167-96 768-96 T68M.96 170-96 780.96 7266.96, T 200-79 (1994) T2295, TI 7282.90 7268-91 7286-90Standard Specification for Sampling of Aggregates AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 2-91 (1996) AASHTO T 2.91 is identical to ASTM D 75-87 (1992) except that all references to ASTM Standard C 702 contained in ASTM 1D 75-87 shall be replaced with AASHTO Standard T 248.2 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 12 Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates" 75 - 87 (Reapproved 1992)" wwercay sociery Fon TESTING AND MATERIALS Sains ere apmey we aeporaon ‘Saat Sans stones? tiie face Se Prisca Pot “This standardised under the fed designation DS; the number immediately following the designation indies the yar of craial adoption or, nthe case of evson, the year ofl revision. A nme in parentheses indicates the ear oft approval. A ‘Sperscrptepalon (0) indices an etoral change sce the last revision o eapproval This pacice has been approved for ase by agencies ofthe Deparment of Defense. Consult the DoD Index of Speications an ‘Standards for he specie ear of feuewhih ha been adopted by the Deparment of Dees ‘Nera Eaiodal ange woe male ouput in September 192, 1. Scope* L1 This practice covers sampling of coarse and fine aggregates for the following purposes: 1.1.1 Preliminary investigation of the potential source of supply, 1.1.2 Control of the product at the source of supply, E13 Control of the operations at the site of use, and L.L4 Acceptance or rejection of the materials. [Nore 1—Sampling plans and acceptance and control tests vary with the type of construction in which the material is used. Attention is Annual Book of ASTM Standard, Vo 055. + Antual Book of ASTM Standard, Vat O03. * Annual Book of ASTM Standard, Vo 102. 3. Significance and Use 3.1 Sampling is equally as important as the testing, and the sampler shall use every precaution to obtain samples that will show the nature and condition of the materials which they represent, 3.2 Samples for preliminary investigation tests are ob- tained by the party responsible for development of the potential source (Note 2). Samples of materials for control of the production at the source or control ofthe work at the site of use are obtained by the manufacturer, contractor, or oth :r parties responsible for accomplishing the work. Samples for tests to be used in acceptance or rejection decisions by the purchaser are obtained by the purchaser or his authorized representative. Note 2—The preiminary investigation and sampling of potential segregate sources and types occupies very important pace in deter ‘ining the avalability and suitability ofthe largest single constituent entering into the construction. It influences the ype of construction {rom the siandpoint of economics and governs the necesary material control to ensue durability ofthe resulting structure, fom the ageregate Sandpoint. This iavesigation should be done only by a responsible trained and experienced person. For more comprehensive guidance, see the Appendix. 4. Securing Samples 4.1. General—Where practicable, samples to be tested for quality shall be obtained from the finished product. Samples from the finished product to be tested for abrasion loss shall, not be subject to further crushing or manual reduction in particle size in preparation for the abrasion test unless the size of the finished product is such that it requires further reduction for testing purposes. 4.2 Inspection—The material shall be inspected to deter- mine discernible variations. The seller shall provide suitable ‘equipment needed for proper inspection and sampling. 43 Procedure: 4.3.1 Sampling from a Flowing Aggregate Stream (Bins or Belt Discharge)—Select units t0 be sampled by a random method, such as Practice D 3665, from the production Objain ‘at least three approximately equal increments, se- lected at random from the unit being sampled, and combine to form a field sample whose mass equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in 4.4.2. Take each increment from the entie cross section of the material as itis being +A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this practice.2 METHO! SAMPLING & D TESTING ) o75 discharged. It is usually necessary to have a special device constructed for use at each particular plant. This device consists of 2 pan of sufficient size to intercept the entire cross section of the discharge stream and old the required ‘quantity of material without overflowing. A set of rails may be necessary to support the pan as it is passed under the discharge stream. Insofar as is possible, keep bins continu- ‘ously full or nearly full to reduce segregation. [Note 3—Sampling the initial dicharge oF the final few tons from 3 bin or conveyor bet increase the chances of obtaining sxgreated ‘material and should be avoided, 43.2 Sampling from the Conveyor Belt—Setect units to be sampled by a random method, such as Practice D 3665, from the production, Obtain ai least three approximately equal increments, selected at random, from the unit being sampled and combine to form a field sample whose mass cquals or exceeds the minimum recommended in 4.4.2. Stop the conveyor belt while the sample increments are being ‘obtained, Insert two templates, the shape of which conforms, to the shape of the belt in the aggregate stream on the belt, and space them such that the material contained between ‘them will yield an increment of the required weight. Care- fully scoop all material between the termplates into a suitable container and collect the fines on the belt with a brush and ddust pan and add to the container. 4.3.3 Sampling from Stockpiles or Transportation Unit Avoid sampling, coarse aggregate or mixed coarse and fine aggregate from stockpiles or transportation units whenever possible, particularly when the sampling is done for the purpose of determining aggregate properties that may be ‘dependent upon the grading of the sample. If circumstances Imake it necessary 10 obtain samples from a stockpile of ‘coarse aggregate or a stockpile of combined coarse and fine aggregate, design a sampling plan forthe specific case under consideration. This approach will allow the sampling agency to use a sampling plan that will give @ confidence in results obtained therefrom that ig. agreed upon by all parties concerned f0 be acceptable for the particular situation, The sampling plan shall define the number of samples necessary to represent lots and sublots of specific sizes. General principles for sampling from stockpiles are applicable to sampling from trucks, rail cars, barges or other transporta- tion units. For general guidance in sampling from stockpiles, sce the Appendix. 434 Sampling from Roadway (Bases and Subbases)— Sample units selected by a random method, such as Practice 1D 3665, from the construction. Obtain at last three approx- imately equal increments, selected at random from the unit being sampled, and combine to form a field sample whose mass equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in 4.4.2, Take all increments from the roadway for the full depth of the material, taking care to exclude any underlying material ‘Clearly mark the specific areas from which each increment is to be removed: a metal template placed over the area is a definite aid in securing approximately equal increment weights 444 Number and Masses of Field Samples. TABLE ase o Pi Somes crore eae Wa 8 2:36 a) Boo FOS Genrse greg Bi) 3505) Me (190mm 35,25) (250 am) $1060 f. 675m) 16579) 2a Oem) 220 100) Phin Coren) 2754125) Sn omm 20 050) an orm) 385 075) 7 For processed aggregate sora maze sc of prea serge ‘ve same ited fw appa spocteaton Upon WEN any MSI Sete ob mr ‘Trex conned coarse an foe agrgetes (x exare, base of suboase) ere wo Sabo corso ane Phs 2889 (10K 4.4.1 The number of field samples (obtained by one of the ‘methods described in 4.3) required depends on the criticality ‘of, and variation in, the properties to be measured, Designate ‘each unit from which a field sample is to be obtained prior to ‘sampling. The number of field samples from the production. should be sufficient to give the desired confidence in test results, [Nore 4—Guidance for determining the number of samples required to obtain the desired level of confidence in tex results may be found in Test Method D 2234, Practice F 108, Practice E122, and Practice Eva 44.2 The field sample masses cited are tentative, The ‘masses must be predicated on the type and number of tesis to which the material is to be subjected and sufficient ‘material obtained to provide for the proper execution of these tests Standard acceptance and control tests are covered by ASTM standards and specify the portion of the field sample required for each specific test. Generally speaking, the amounts specified in Table 1 will provide adequate ‘material for routine grading and quality analysis, Extract test portions from the field sample according to Practice C 702 or as required by other applicable test methods. 5. Shipping Samples 5.1 Transport aggregates in bags or other containers so constructed as to preclude loss or contamination of any part of the sample, or damage to the contents from mishandling during shipment. '$.2 Shipping containers for aggregate samples shall have suitable individual identification attached and enclosed so ‘that field reporting, laboratory logging, and test reporting may be facilitated. 6. Keywords 6.1 aggregates, exploration of potential sources; aggre gates, number and sizes needed to estimate character, aggregates, samplingAPPENDIXES (Nonmandatory Information) XI. SAMPLING AGGREGATE FROM STOCKPILES OR TRANSPORTATION UNITS X11 Scope XILL1 In some situations it is mandatory to sample aggregates that have been stored in stockpiles or loaded into rail cars, barges, or trucks. In such cases the procedure should ensure that segregation does not introduce a serious, bias in the results ‘X1.2 Sampling from Stockpiles X1.2.1 In sampling material from stockpiles it is very difficult to ensure unbiased samples, due to the segregation which often occurs when material is stockpiled, with coarser particles rolling to the outside base of the pile. For coarse or mixed coarse and fine aggregate, every effort should be made 10 enlist the services of power equipment to develop a separate, small sampling pile composed of materials drawn {from various levels and locations in the main pie after which several increments may be combined to compose the field sample. If necessary to indicate the degree of variability existing within the main pile, separate samples should be ‘drawn from separate areas of the pile. X12.2 Where power equipment is not available, samples from stockpiles should be made up of at least three incre- ‘ments taken from the top third, at the mid-point, and at the bottom third of the volume of the pile. A board shoved vertically into the pile just above the sampling point aids in preventing further segregation. In sampling stockpiles of fine aggregate the outer layer, which may have become seere fled, should be removed and the sample taken from th ‘material beneath. Sampling tubes approximately 1Y.ir (G0-mm) min by 6 ft Q-m) min in length may be inserte into the pile at random locations to extract a minimum ¢ five increments of material to form the sample. X13 Sampling from Transportation Units X1.3.1_In sampling coarse aggregates from railroad cars ¢ barges, effort should be made to enlist the services of powe equipment capable of exposing the material at various level and random locations, Where power equipment is ac available, a common procedure requires excavation of thre for more trenches across the unit at points that will, fror visual appearance, give a reasonable estimate of the charac teristics of the load. The trench bottom should be approx! ‘mately level, at least I f1(0.3 m) in width and in depth belov the surface. A minimum of three increments from approx. ‘mately equally spaced points along each trench should b taken by pushing a shovel downward into the materia Coarse aggregate in trucks should be sampled in essentiall the same manner as for rail cars or barges, except fo adjusting the number of increments according to the size ¢ the truck. For fine aggregate in transportation units, sam pling tubes as described in X1.2 may be used to extract a: appropriate number of increments to form the sample. 1X2. EXPLORATION OF POTENTIAL AGGREGATE SOURCES X21 Scope 2.1.1 Sampling for evaluation of potential aggregate sources should be performed by a responsible trained and ‘experienced person. Because of the wide variety of condi tions under which sampling may have to be done it is not possible to describe detailed procedures applicable to all ‘circumstances. This appendix is intended to provide general guidance and list more comprehensive references. X2.2 Sampling Stone from Quarries or Ledges X2.2.1 Inspection—The ledge or quarry face should be inspected to determine discernible variations or strata. Dif ferences in color and structure should be recorded. X2.2.2 Sampling and Size of Sample—Separate samples having a mass of at lest 50 Tb (approximately 25 kg) should be oblained from each discernible stratum. The sample should not include material weathered to such an extent that its no longer suitable forthe purpose intended. One or more pieces in each sample should be atleast 6 by 6 by 4 in, (150 by 150 by 100 mm) in size with the bedding plane plainly marked, and this piece should be free of seams or fractures. X2.23 Record-—In addition to the general information accompanying all samples the following information shoub accompany samples taken from ledges or quarry faces: ‘X223.1 Approximate quantity available. (If quantity i very large this may be recorded as practically unlimited.) X22.32 Quantity and character of overburden. X2233 A detailed record showing boundaries and loca tion of material represented by each sample. Note X2.1—A sketch, plan, and elevation, showing the thicknes and loeation ofthe different layers is recommended for this purpose. X23 Sampling Roadside or Bank Run Sand and Grave Deposits X23.1 Inspection—Potemtial sources of bank run sane land gravel may include previously worked pits from whicl there is an exposed face or potential deposits discoveres ‘through air-photo interpretation, geophysical exploration, 0 ‘other types of terrain investigation. X23.2 Sampling—Samples should be so chosen fron cach different stratum in the deposit discernible to th sampler. An estimate of the quantity of the different mate rials should be made. Ifthe deposit is worked as an open-fa0 bank or pit, samples should be taken by channeling the fac& vertically, bottom to top, $0 as to represent the materials proposed for use. Overburdened or disturbed material should not be included in the sample. Test holes should be ‘excavated or drilled at numerous locations in the deposit 10 determine the quality of the material and the extent of the deposit beyond the exposed face, if any. The number and depth of test holes will depend upon the quantity of the material needed, topography of the area, nature of the deposit, character of the material, and potential value of the ‘material in the deposit. If visual inspection there is considerable variation in the material, individual samples should be selected from the material in each well defined stratum. Each sample should be thoroughly mixed and quartered if necessary so that the field sample thus ‘obtained will be at least 25 Ib (12 kg) for sand and 75 Ib (35 X3. NUMBER AND SIZE OF INCREMENTS NEED! X3.1 Scope X3.1.1 This appendix presents the rationale used by the responsible committee in the development of this practice. X3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard X3.2.1 field sample—a quantity of the material to be {cated of sufficient size to provide an acceptable estimate of the average quality of a unit X3.2.2 lot—a sizable isolated quantity of bulk material from a single source, assumed to have been produced by the same process (for example, a day's production or a specific ‘mass or volume), X3.2.3 fest portion—a quantity of the material of suffi- cient size extracted from the larger field sample by a procedure designed to ensure accurate representation of the field sample, and thus of the unit sampled. X3.2.4 unit—a batch or finite subdivision of a lot of bulk material (for example, a truck load or a specific area covered), SUMMARY This section identifies the location of selected changes to ‘this practice that have been incorporated since the last issue. For the convenience of the user, Committee D-4 has high- lighted those changes that may impact the use of this PLING AND TESTING D75 kg) if the deposit contains an appreciable amount of coarse aegrceate. X2.3.3 Record—In addition to the general information accompanying all samples the following information should accompany samples of bank run sand and gravel: X2.33.1 Location of supply. X2.3.3.2 Estimate of approximate quantity available X2.3.3.3 Quantity and character of overburden. 2.3.3.4 Length of haul to proposed site of work. 2.3.3.5 Character of haul (kind of road, maximum srades, ete.) 2.3.3.6 Details as to extent and location of material represented by each sample. Nore X22A sketch of plans and elevations, showing the thickness and location of different layers, is recommended for this purpose ED TO ESTIMATE CHARACTER OF UNIT SAMPLED. X3.3 Test Unit, Size, and Variability X3.3.1 The unit to be represented by a single field sample should neither be so large as to mask the effect of significant ‘variability within the unit nor be so small as to be affected by the inherent variability between small portions of any bulk ‘material, X3.3.2 A unit of bulk material composed of graded aggregate or aggregate mixtures might consist of a full truckload. If it were possible, the entire load might be tested; 8a practical matter, a field sample is composed of three oF ‘more increments chosen at random from the material as iti, loaded or unloaded from the truck. Research has shown that such a procedure permits an acceptable estimate to be made of the average gradation that might be measured from 15 of 20 increments from the truck. X3.3.3 Significant variability with a lot of material, where it might exist, should be indicated by statistical measures, such as the standard deviation between units selected at random from within the lot OF CHANGES practice. This section may also include descriptions of the ‘changes or reasons for the changes, or both. (1) Appendix X3 was added. ‘The Aca Sachty or Testing un Matias aes 90 poo epecig ie vay oy ater rit asserted hn connection wth any Ro mort bi tart Users ots sarc wr expressly wad tat Stemi ha abaya ch Pater hs, nd the ko guert Fuca eahdy Onc rename. Tes tnd sb frst nyt ty te respon ciclcomates sd want b reviewed evry yours nd {nat ried, ts ragrore crwth, Yor commarts ar ned lif oon of tha ward ok wore! caer ‘2d std be adres 19 ASTM Headers. You conmerts Wi Tce cased cnaiberaton at ¢ meatg ot rsponstie ‘cit commtes, Wich you may ated. you hl at Yor oars herent recede ak wr You shal mse yout ‘vows own oth ASTM Conan on Sours, 1016 Race St, Peden PA 19702.Standard Specification for Materials Finer Than 75-m (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 11-91 (1996)! {ASTM DESIGNATION: C 117-90°) LOPE T 248 Reducing Field Sam- the total amount of material finer thar ples of Aggregate to 75 jum by washing, plus that obtainec L.A This test method covers determi Testing Size by dry sieving the same sample. is re nation of the amount of material finer 2.2 ASTM Standards ported with the results of T 27, Usually than a 75-zm (No, 200) sieve in aggre= CHIT Test Method for Mate: the additional amount of material fine: gate by washing. Clay particles and other sials Finer than 75. than 75 jm obtained in the dry sieving regal particles that are dispersed by jum (No, 200) Sieve process is a small amount. IF it i large the wash water, as well as water soluble in Mineral Agere the efficiency of the washing oper rmateriats, wll be removed from the ag gates by Washing should be checked. It could, also, be o¢ sregate during the test. € 670. Practice for Prepari indication of degradation of tle 1.2 Two procedures are inchided, Precision Statements _ageregate ‘one using only water for the washing for Test Methods for 42. Plain water is adequate to sepa ‘operation, andthe ether including a wer Construction rate the material finer than 75 yum from ting agent to assis the loosening of the Materials the coarser material with most aggre ‘material finer than the 75-jum (No. 200) gates. In some cases. the finer materia sieve From the coarser material, Unless is adhering to the larger particles, suck otherwise specified, Procedure A (water 3. SUMMARY OF METHOD a some clay coatings and coatings or fon) shall be wsed, .gregates that have been extracted from 1.3 The values stated in SI units ae 3.1. A. sample of the agsregate is bituminous mixtures. In these cases, the to be regarded as the standard washed in a prescribed manner, using fine. moteiat will be separated more 1.4 This standard may involve haz- either plain water or waler containing 9 feadily with a wetting agent in the water andous materials, operations. and equip- setting agent. as specified. The decanted rent. This standard does not porpert wash water, containing. suspended and to auldress all of the safety problems dissolved materil, is passed through a associated with its use. Its the responsi--_75-ym (No. 200) sieve. The loss im mass APPARATUS AND. bility of the user of this standard to ceslling from the wash treatment is cal MATERIALS establish appropriate safety and health culated as mass percent of the original pracices and determine the applicabiity sample and is reported a the percentage 1 Relamce—The balance shalt Of repultory limitations prior to use. of material finer than a75-ym (No. 200) ave sufiiem capacity, be readable i sieve by washing. 01 percent ofthe sample mass, o better and conform 10 the requitements of M REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 21 4. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 52. Sieves—A nest of two sieves 2 AASHTO Standards the lower being a75-ym (No, 200) sieve M92. Wire Cloth Sieves for 41. Material finer than the 7S-am and the uppee being sieve with open ‘Testing Purposes (No. 200) sieve can be separated from ings inthe range of 2.36 mm (No. 8) tc M231 Balances Used in the larger particles much more efficiently 1.18 mm (No. 16), both conforming tc Testing of Materials and completely by wet sieving than the quirement of M 9 12 Sampling Aggregates through the use of dy sieving. Therefore, $3 Contamer—A pan or vessel of T 27 Sieve Analysis of Fine when accurate determinations of material a sie suicient to contain the sample and Coarse finer han 75 ymin fine or coarse aggre- covered with Water and 10 permit vigor Agerezates sate are desired this est method is used ous agitation without loss of any part ot ‘on the sample prior to dry sieving in the Sample or water accordance with AASHTO T 27. The Sb Oven-—An oven of sufficien si oicesmrhatiiswiar FESUKS ofthis fest method are included size, capable of maintaining a uniforr inthe calubtion in AASHTO T 27, and temperature of 110.4 SC O30 = OF}55° Weuing Agent—Any dispersing agen. such as liquid dishwashing deter gents, thot will promete separation of the fine materials NOTE 1 the wef amechanical appara 1s to perform the washing persion 18 prec, provided the res Sth those obtained sing manval operas. ‘The use of some mechanical washing equip nent wit sone samples may cause degrada om of the sample 6. SAMPLING 6.1 Sample the aggrepate in accor: dance with T 2. Ifthe same test sample Js to be tested for sieve analysis a¢ cording to T 27, comply withthe applica ble requirements of that method, 62 Thoroughly mix the sample of aggregate to be tested and reduce the ‘quantity o an amoont suitable for testing using the applicable methods described in T 248, IF the same test sample is 10 be tested according to T 27, the minim ‘mass shall be as described in the applica- ble sections of that method. Othersise the mass of the test sample, after drying, shall conform with the following: 0mm 7,181 age sone he test sample shall be the end result of the reduction. Reduction to an exact predetermined mass shall not be permitted. 7. SELECTION OF PROCEDURE 7A Procedure A shall be used, un: less otherwise specified by the specifica tion with which the test results are t0 bbe compared, or when dirccted by the rency for which the work i performed, 8. PROCEDURE A—WASHING WITH PLAIN WATER BAL Dry the test sample 40 constant mass at a temperature of 110 = 5°C METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING (230 & 9'F), Determine the mass to the fearest 0. percent of the mass of the ple. 2 [the applicable specification re: quires thot the ammount passing the 75: jum (No. 200) sieve shall be determined fn & portion of the sample passing 2 seve smaller than the nominal maxiravim size ofthe aggregate, separate the sample fon the designated sieve and determine the mass ofthe material passing the ds: ignated sieve 1 0.1 percent of the mass (of this portion of the test sample. Use this mass as the original dry mass of the test sample in Section 10.1 NOTE 2--Some specifications for ager: ates with 3 nominal maxim size of 50 fm or greater, for example, provide 9 limit or material passing the 75-4m (No. 200) seve determined on that portion ofthe sample passing the 25 Om sieve. Such procedret se necessary since iis smpacicl to wash samples ofthe size required when the same teat sample isto be sed for sieve analysis by AASHTO 27 3 After drying and determining the ‘mass, place he test sample in the container and add sufficient water to covert. No de- tergent. dispersing agent, or other sub- stance shal beaded tothe water. Agitate the sample with sufficient vigor to result, incomplete separation of allpatices finer than the 75-ym (No. 200) sieve from the ‘courser particles, and wo bring the fine ma- teria into suspension. The use ofa large spoon or other similar toot 19 str and agi tate the ageregate inthe wash water has been found satisfactory. Immediately pour the wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids over the nested sieves, arranged withthe coarser seve on top. Take eae to avoid, as much as feasi- be, the decantation of coarser particles of the sample 84 Adda second charge of water to the sample in the container, agitate, and decant as before. Repeat this operation nti the wash wate is clea. NOTE 3-1f mechanical washing eavip- rent suse, the charging of water, sitting fd decanting maybe a comiows operation, NOTE 4—A spray morale or a picce of rubber tobing attached toa water facet may te used to rinse any of the material which may have fallen onto the sieves. The velocity ofthe water which nay be increased by iach: ‘ne the tubing, shold not be suiiient tease any splashing of the sample oser the sides of the seve 8S Rew all ma the ested sieves by flushing to. the washed sample. Dry the washed aggre ciained on gate to constant mass at 2 temperature of 110 + SC 230 = OF? and dotermine the mass to the nearest 0.1 percent oft fonginal mass of the sample NOTE SFollowing the washing of the Sample and ashing. any materias retained fon the 75-ysm (No 200) sieve back into the container, no water should be decanted from the container except trough the 75am seve to avoid loss of material Excess water from ashing shoold be evaporated from the sample in the drying process. 9. PROCEDURE B—WASHING USING A WETTING AGENT 9.1 Prepare the sample in the same ‘manner as for Procedure A, 92 After drying and determining the mass, place the test sample in the con: tainer. Add sufficient water to cover the sample, and add wetting agent 10 the water (Note 6). Acgitate the ssmple with sufficient vigor to result in complete sep aration of all particles finer than the 75 tam (No, 200) sieve from the coarser particles, and to bring the fine materiat into suspension. The use of large spoon ‘or other similar too! to sti snd agitate the aggregate in the wash water has been found satisfactory. Immediately powr the wash water containing the suspended and dissolved solids aver the nested sieves arranged with the coarser sieve ox 107 ‘Take care to avoid. as much as Feasible the decantation of coarser particles of the sample, NOTE 6—There should be enouch wetting agent to produce small amount of suds When the sample ie aptated. The quantity ‘sll depend onthe hardness of the ater and the quality of the detergent. Excessive suds may overflow the sieves and cary some mate fil with them 93. Add a second charge of water (without wetting agent) to the sample in the container. agitate, and decant as before. Repeat this operation until the wash water is clear 94 Complete the test as for Proc dure A.8 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING vu _ Precision 12, PRECISION AND BIAS Stand Deviation To Rests BLA. The estimates of precision 0 (0S) Pecent (DIS, Pecen this test method listed in Table 1 are Coarse usenet based oo results from the AASHTO Ma Simple operator pression o10 om terials Reference Laboratory Proficiency Muluiboeatoey presion on 062 Sample Program. with testing conductec by ts tested aod AST CIT Te venta deco beeen te inoue ate tie he da wee a Ghiedis tha 11 quel and ASTM Ream on RTE SE arte is that Tt remie, an ASTM ace cner eos nm Be gaat tad onthe aa Peco estimates anc bse an ie agrees having 1010-30 pect rer than he 7S ym (No. 200)see. of more than 100 paired test results from ‘ot 10 tones ‘Single opertoe precision ons oss Matulabraery precision 0, os 10. CALCULATION © = dey mass of sample after wash- ing, 128 prom tome is wo cinta mci rt 101 Ce he smn mat cate rs maa sae re salgusng Sum Re MO) ey. REPORT tiie Ba fo fe roe 11 age epg fmt A= UB CyH) x 100 ie ate eset of ma secre carne A= pocenapsot ml fie ans ei esl 1 pe Tatnee noch Sammeete = Cetlay assole gant tide where:Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate Standard Specification for AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 19/T 19M-93 (ASTM DESIGNATION; C 29/C 29M-91a) 1. SCOPE LA This method covers the determi- nation of unit weight in a compacted or loose condition, and calculated voids in fine, coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination. The method is ap. plicable to aggregates not exceeding 150 ‘am (6 in. in nominal maximum size NOTE 1—Unit weight is the traditional terminology used to desenibe the property de termined by this test method, Some believe he proper term is nit mass oF density oF ‘uk density, but concensus om this alternate terminology has ot been obained 1.2 The values stated in either inch: pound units or acceptable metric units are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a specification with which this test method is used. An exception is with regard to sieve sizes and norninal size of aggregate, in which the metric values sae the standard as stated in M 92. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore Jn system must be used independently af the other, without combining values in any way. 13 This standard may involve haz- ardous materials, operations, and equip- ‘ent. This standard does not purport to acdeess all ofthe safety problems associ ated with its use. tis the responsibility af whoever uses this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regula ‘ory limitations prior to use, 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2A AASHTO Standards: M 92° Specification for Wire-Cloth sieves for Testing Purposes 2 Sampling Agregates TBI Specific Gravity and [Absorption of Fine Agate TAS Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate TDL Weight per Cubic Foot, Yield and Air Content (Gravimetic) of Concrete 248, Reducing Field aan ples of Aggregate to Testing Size 22 ASTM Standards © 29) “Unit Weight and Voids 20M in Aggregate © 125. Terminology Relating to Conerete and Con crete Aggregates © 610. Preparing Precision Statements for Con struction Materials D 123 Terminology Relating to Textile Materials 3. TERMINOLOGY 3A Definitions Definitions. ate in accordance with ASTM C 125 unless otherwise indicated, BLL Mass, n—the quantity of mat- ter in a body. (See also weight) BLL Discussion—Units of mass ate the kilogram (kg), the pound (Ib), oF ‘units derived from these. Mass may also bee visualized as equivalent to inertia, or the resistance offered by a body to change ‘of motion (acceleration). Masses are com. pared by weighing the bodies, which amounts to comparing the forces of gravi tation acting on them. ASTM D 123, 3A2 Unit weight, m—weight per unit volume. BALA Discussion—The tem weight means the force of gravity acting on the mass, 3.3 Weight, n—the force exertedon a body by gravity. (See also mass.) BABA Discussion—Weight is equal to the mass ofthe body multiplied by the ‘acceleration due to gravity. Weight may be expressed in absolute units (newtons, poundals) or in gravitational units (kgf, Ib), for example: on the surface of the earth, @ body with a mass of 1 kg has a weight of 1 kgf (approximately 9.81 N), ‘ora body with a mass of | Ib has a weight of 1 Ibf (approximately 4.45 N or 32.2 ppoundals). Since weight is equal to mass times the acceleration due to gravity, the weight of a body will vary with the loca- tion where the weight is determined, ‘while the mass of the body remains con: stant. On the surface of the earth, the force of gravity imparts to a body that is fire to fall an acceleration of appeoxi- mately 9.81 mvs? (32.2 fs"). ASTM D 123 32 Descriptions of Terms. 3.2.41 Voids, n—in unit volume of ag- regate, isthe space between particles in an aggregate mass not occupied by solid ‘mineral matter. 3211 Discussion—Voids within particles, either permeable or imperme- able, are not included in voids as deter- mined by T 19. 4. SIGNIFICANC! AND USE 4.1 This test method is often used to determine unit weight values which are necessary for use for many methods of selecting proportions for concrete mixtures10 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 119 4.2. Theunit weight may also be used 152 Requirements for Measures for determining massolume elation- nes Na ne ships for conversions in purchase agree- ae ne ments. However, the relationship. be ee inde ot tween degree of compaction of agsre- Capacity of Mesure Bon Wall ‘wall fates in @ hauling unit or stockpile and |S ee ee Tess han 04 & 020 010 010 that achieved inthis method is unknown, MSIMRDS 020 in 020 in 012 in Further, aggregates in hauling units and yer $40 28 8 not 0.0 in 025 in O45 in stockpiles usually contain absorbed and Quer 2840 40 fine 030 in 0m on surface moisture (the latter affecting tes dun I! L 50 am 25 mm 25 om bulking), while this method determines 11 t0 421, inc 50 mm 50 mm 30 mm the unit weight on a dry basis. Over 42 t0 80 1 int 100 mm 6am 38 mm “43. A procedure is included for com- Over 80 0 133 L. inc 130 om 26 mm 50mm ppating the percentage of voids between ~The aad oko i he myer porn OF We wal ay be Oh By pcg w nice Han wun the aggregate particles based on the unit wp of te ese ‘weight determined by this method. the measure shall conform to the limits tbe calibrated. A supply of water pump in Table 1 for the aggregate size to be of chassis grease that can be placed on APPARATUS: tested. ‘The thickness of metal in the the rim of the container prevent <1 bak measure shall be as described in Table leakage fhe balance shall >The tp im sll be smooth and plane te sen eae be ale ‘0 within 0.25 mm {0.01 in.) and shall be percent of the sample mass, or betet. parallel to the bottom within 0.5° (Note 6, §; x . a SAMPLIN and conform to the sequizements of 3), ‘The imerior wal ofthe measure shall “ M 231 be a smooth and continuous surface 5.2 Tamping RodA round, staight 64 Sampling should generally Le stat ro 16 mm (iy in} In dametet_ NOTE 2The top si is sstenty —_S000plhed in eocordance with T 2 and approximately 600 mm {24 in] im plae fs 025 mm {001 in fener gage AN stp rection in accordane with length, having one end rounded to a cannot be inserted between the rim and aT 248. hemisphere ip of the same Gameser pew of 6am 0] ocr ple iss tether Ue ones te men The pa tx findrical metal af stisfactoily parallel the slope between 7, SAMPLE pieces of plate glass in contact with the top fd bottom doce not exceed 0.87 percent in 53 Measure—A measure, preferably provided with han- dles. It shall be watertight, with the top 384 Eaton & AL The size of sample shall be ap- and bottom true and even, and suffi.“ proximately 125 to 200 percent of the ciently rigid to retain its form under 5.5.4 1g he mmeasore may also be uanlty required to fill he measure, and rough usage. The measure should have height approximately equal tothe diam- eter, but in no case shall the height be less than 80 percent nor more than 150 percent of the diameter. The capacity of used for testing for unit weight of con- Shall be handled in a manner to avoid rele according to T 121, the measure S¢8fegation. Dry the sample of aggregate should be made of steel or other suitable © essentially constant mass. preferably metal not readily subject to attack by im an oven at 110 = S*C (230 = 9. ‘cement paste TABLE L NOTE $ Reactive maeals suchas ala- 8 CALIBRATION OF Nomina ‘minum alloys may be ued where, aba conse MEASURE sui ‘quence of an inal reaction, a surface fm area city of Me fuicrcaroson Measures ayer tan nom, 14‘ the measure with water at tenet Tee inter capeeny shoul be made arom emperature and cover with apiece mm_im__L mt) _f__ el frig, othe minimam thicknesses of plate glass in such @ way as to elimi 15% 2800028 Vw of metal sted in Table 7 should be suit nate bubbles and excess water aso 93400095) Shy inteased 2. Determine the mass of water in RS MW oo the measure using the balance described TES mst S4_ Shovel or Scoop—A shovel oF in Section 5.1 12 His G07) 2 scoop af convenient size for filling the 83 Measure the temperature of wa- measure with aggregate ter to determine its density’ from Table Tenia ue wncawe Ral ectwet "SS" Calibration Equipment—A piece 3, interpolating if necessary. couegic tem! aaa rs tl of plate glass, preferably atleast 6 mm "84 Caleulate the volume, V. of the mee oe Geum SS Tasim| thick and atleast 25 mm (1 in,] measure by dividing the mass of water tne tne Jarger than the diameter of the measure required to fill the measure by its densityT19 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING in TABLES Density of Water “Tonperaure © r eit ew) MOF 1363 aRSE 82.336 21m 98797 2.30 30) TSH G27 BOTS 7 DBL 267 8 98659 pa 8S ons Altemately, calculate the factor for the measure (1/V) by dividing the density of the water by the mass required to fil the measure NOTE 4For the calculation of unit weigh, the volume of the measure in acept able meric units shouldbe expressed in cubic metres, of the factor as Veubie metres. How cc, for convenience the size ofthe measure may bo expressed in les (qual to m0) 8S Measures shall be recalibrated at least once a year or whenever there is reason to question the accuracy of the calibration, 18 procedure for loose unit weight shall be used only when specifically stipulated. Otherwise, the ‘compact unit weight shall be determined by the rodding procedure for aggregates hhaving a nominal maximum size of 37.5 ‘mm [1'% in. or less, or by the jigging procedure for aggregates having & nomi nal maximum size greater than 37.5 mm, {1% in] and not exceeding 150 mm (6 in. 10, RODDING PROCEDURE 10.1 Fill the measure one-thitd full and level the surface with the fingers. Rod the layer of aggregate with 25 strokes of the tamping rod evenly distrib: uted over the surface. Fill the measure ‘wo-thirds full and again level and rod 4 above. Finally, fil the measure to ‘overflowing and rod again in the manner previously mentioned. Level the surface of the aggregate with the fingers or a staightedge in such a way that any slight projections of the larger pieces of the coarse aggregate approximately balance the larger voids in the surface below the top of the measure, 102 In rodding the first layer, do ‘not allow the rod to strike the bottom of the measure forcibly. In rodding the second and third layers, use vigorous cffort, but not more force than to cause the tamping rod to penetrate tothe previ fous layer of aggregate NOTE 5—tn rodding the larger sizes of, coarse aggregate it may not be possible 10 penctrate the layer being consolidated. espe- vialy with angular aggregates. The inten of the procedure wll be accomplished if vigor: fous efor is used 10.3 Determine the mass of the mea: sure plus contents, and the mass of the measure alone and record the values to the nearest 0.05 kg [0.1 Ib} IL. JIGGING PROCEDURE TA Fill the measure in three ap- proximately equal layers as described Section 10.1 compacting each layer by placing the measure on a firm base, such a a cement-conerete floor, raising the ‘opposite sides altemately about 50 mm (2 in}, and allowing the measure to drop in such a manner as to hit with a sharp, slapping blow. The aggregate particles, by this procedure, will arrange them: selves ina densely compacted condition. Compact cach layer by dropping the ‘measure 50 times in the manner de- scribed, 25 times on each side. Level the surface of the aggregate with the fingers fr a straightedge in such a way that any slight projections of the larger pieces of the coarse aggregate approximately balance the larger voids in the surface below the top of the measure 11.2 Determine the mass of the mea- sue plus contents, and the mass of the measure alone, and record the values t0 the nearest 0.05 ke (0.1 Ib. 12, SHOVELING PROCEDURE TA Fill the measure to overflowing bby means ofa shovel or scoop, discharg- Ing the aggregate from a height not to exceed $0 mm {2 in. above the top of the measure. Exercise care to prevent, s0 far as possible, segregation of the particle sizes of which the sample is ‘composed. Level the surface of the ag~ _sregate withthe fingers ora straightedge in such a way that any slight projections of the larger pieces of the coarse aggre gate approximately balance the larger voids in the surface below the top of the measue, 12.2 Determine the mass ofthe mea sure plus contents, and the mass of the ‘measure alone, and record the values t0 the nearest 0.05 kg [0.1 Ib] 13. CALCULATIONS IBA Unit Weight—Calculate the unit weight for the rodding, jigging, or shoveling procedure as follows: M=(G- DW w G-DKF where: M = unit weight of aggregate, kg/m’ fibva'} G_ = mass of aggregate plus the mea sure, kg {Ib} T= mass of the measure, kg {Ib} V_ = volume of measure, m (10) F = factor for measure, m”* [f!] AB The unit weight determined by this method is for aggregate in an coven-dry condition. Ifthe unit weight in terms of saturated-surface-dry (SSD) ‘condition is desired, use the exact proce: ‘dure inthis method, and then determine the SSD unit weight by the following formula: Mg = MUL + (A/100)]—@) where: Msso = unit weight in SSD condition, gf! (Ub) ‘A= absorption, percent, deter ‘mined in accordance with T 84 or T 85, 132. Void Conten—Caleulate the void content in the aggregate using the unit weight determined by either the rod- Ging aking, oF shoveing procedure,2 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND T (ING T19 100 (S x W) ~ Mi Voids, % SW where M = unit weight of aggregate, ke/n tube’) = bulk specific gravity (dy basis) as ‘determined in accordance with T 84 or T 8S, W = density of water, 998 kp/m! (62.3 Wt} 14, REPORT LA Report the results for unit weight to the nearest 10 kg/m’ (1 Ib] a8 follows: 14.1.1 Unit weight by rodding, oF 14.1.2 Unit weight by jigging. o 14.1.3 Loose unit weight 142 Report the results for void con- tent to the nearest | percent as follows: 142.1 Voids in aggregate compacted by rodding. percent, oF 1422 Voids in aggregate compacted by jigging, percent, or 142.3 Voids in loose aggregate, percent 18, PRECISION AND BIAS 15.1 The following estimates of pre~ cision for this method are based on re- sult fom the AASHTO Materials Refer ence Laboratory (AMRL) Reference Sample Program, with testing conducted by this method and ASTM C 29. There ate no significant differences between the two methods. The data are based on the analyses of more than 100 paired test results from 40 to 100 laboratories. 15.2 Coarse Aggregate (unit weight} 15.21 Single-Operator Precision— ‘The single-operator standard. deviation has been found to be 14 kg/m’ [088 Ive} (1S). Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests by the same ‘operator on similar material should not differ by more than 40 kgf’ [2:5 lly 1) (028). 152.2 Mulilaboratory Precision— ‘The multilaboratory standard deviation has been found to be 30 kg/m’ {1.87 Ibe} (1S). Therefore, results of 180 properly conducted tests fom two differ ent Inboratories on similar material Should not differ by more than 85 kg rm [5.3 Ibi} (25). 15.2.3. These numbers represent, = spectively, the (1S) and (D2S) limits as described in ASTM Practice C 670. The precision estimates were obtained from the analysis of AML reference sample data for unit weight by coding of aor- tmal-weight aggregates having a nominal maximum aggregate size of 25.0 mm {1 in}, and using a WL [yf] measure 15.3 Fine Aggregate (unit weight) 1531 Single-Operator Precision— ‘The single-operator standard. deviation hhas been found to be 14 kg/m’ (088 Tht] (1S). Therefore, results of wo properly conducted tests by the same ‘operator on similar material should not differ by more than 2.5 tiv’ (40 key sm (28). 1532 Multilaboratory Precision — ‘The multlaboratory standard deviation thas been found to be 44 kg/m’ (2.76, Ib} (1S). Therefore, results of wo properly conducted tests from two differ ‘ent laboratories on similar material should not differ by more than 125 kg/ sm? (7.8 Ibi] (D25). 15.3.3 These numbers represent, re- spectively, the (1S) and (D2S) limits as described in ASTM Practice C 670. The precision estimates were obtained from the analysis of AMRL reference sample data for loose unit weight from labora- tories using a 2.8:L [g-f] measure 184 No precision data on void con tent are available, However as the void content in aggregate is calculated from unit weight and bulk specific gravity, the precision of the voids content reflects the precision of these measured parameter given in Sections 15.2 and 15.3 of this method and in T 84 and T 8S, 185. Bias—The procedure in AASHTO T 19 for measuring unit ‘weight and void content has no bias because the values for unit weight and ‘oid content can be defined only in terms of a test method.Standard Specification for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for Concrete AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 21-91 (1996)! (ASTM DESIGNATION: C 40-92) SCOPE 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5. REAGENT AND REFERENCE STANDARD COLOR 1.1. This est method covers the pro- 3x This test method is of signif SOLUTION cedure for an approximate determination cance in making a preliminary determi ofthe presence of injurious organic com- nation of the acceptability of fine agere- 5.1. Reagent Sodium Hydroxide So- pounds in fine aggregates that are to be gates with respect to the requirements tutian (3 percent)-—Dissolve 3 parts by used in cement mortar oF concrete of M6. weight of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 1.2. This standard may involve haz- 3.2. The principal value of this test 97 parts of wate. rdous materials, operations, and equip- method is 10 fumish a warning that or 5.2. Reference Standard Color Solu: ment. This standard does ‘not purport Sanic impurities may be present. When sion~Dissolve reagent grade potassium Ww address all of the safety problems a sample subjected to this test produces dichromate (K,Cr,0:) in concentrated sociated with ts use. Is the responsi- color darker than the standard color sulfuric acid (sp gr 1.84) at the rate of bility of whoever uses this standard to Solution (see Section 5.2, itis advisable 0.250 4/100 mL of acid. The solution consult and establish appropriate safety (© perform the tst for the effect of ot- must be freshly made fo the color com- an health practices and determine the €afc impurities onthe stength of marar parison using gentle heat if necessary 10 applicability of regulatory limitations accordance with T 71 effect solution. Preparation of the refer- prior to use fence standard color solution is waneces- sary when the allemative procedure is used 10 determine the color value 4. APPARATUS 4.1 Glass Boutes-—Twelve of 16-02 & SAMPLING ents (US. Muid) (approximately 350 or 470 NTS) nominal apy cles glans G1 The sample sal be sels in graduated botes of approximately oval general accordance with T 2. ross section, equipped with watertight Stoppers of caps, not soluble in the spe fied reagents. In no case shall the maxi- 7 TEST SAMPLE mum outside thickness of the bots, measured along the line of sight used 7.1 Obtain a test sample of fine ag- forthe color comparison, be greater than gcgate weighing about | pound approx: 2 in (60 mm) o less than 15 in. imately 450 gram) in accordance with {40 ton), The graduations on the bottles T 248, Sample drying prior t testing. shall be in ounces (U.S, ud) o milili- if necessary, shall be done by air dry: tues, except that unmarked bottles may ing only be calibrated and scribed with gradua- ‘ions bythe usr tn such cas, graduation tmatks are required a only three points & PROCEDURE as fllows 2. REFERENCED DOCU 2 AASHTO Standards: M6 Fine Aggregate for T2 Sampling Aggregates TTI Blfect of Organic Im- purities in Fine Ag- regate on Strength ‘of Mortar 248 Reducing Field Sam- ples of Aggregates to Testing Size 22. ASTM Standards D 1544 Test for Calor of Transparent Liquids 4.1L Reference Color Solution —_8A_Fill-a glass botle (0 the 4!- (Gardner Color Scale) evel 2. 07 (U.S. fluid) (75 mL, fluid (approximately 130-mL.) level 4.1.2. Fine Aggregate Level—/s 02 with the sample ofthe fine aggregate to (US. fluid) (130 mL, and be tested Farwihd mes wi astar Canoe gua AWB” NQOH Solution Level—7 02 82 Add a 3-percent NaOH solution SE (W's. uid) (200 mb) in water until the volume of the fine4 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING Ta aggregate and liquid, indicated after color to that of the reference standard, ofthe lass color standards mounted in 2 shaking, is 7 fluid o2 (approximately Make the color comparison by holding plastic holder. The instrument is provided 200 mL). the two bottles close together and ooking With all ive organic plate number colors. ‘83 Stopper the bottle, shake vigor- through them: ‘ously, and then allow to sland for 24 9.2. Alternative Procedure—To.de- hours fine mote precisely the color of the liquid of the test sample, five glass standard 10, INTERPRETATION OF colors may be wed as described in Table RESULTS 1 of ASTM D 1544, using the follow- ing colors: 10.1 Ifthe color of the supernatant tiquid is darker than that of the reference 9, DETERMINATION OF Cards Cole standard color solution, the fine aggre- COLOR VALUE __‘Stnird No. _Oraic Pe No.__—_gate-under test shall be considered 10 5 1 Possibly contain injurious organic com 9.1 Standard Procedure—At the end 5 2 Pounds, and further tests should be made of the 24hour standing period, fill a u 3 Ganda) before approving the fine aggregate for lass bottle tothe 2!/-Muid 0” (approx. “ ! tse in concrete ‘mately 75-mL.) level with the fresh refer ence standard color solution, prepared rot longer than 2 hours previously, as The comparison procedure described in resented in Section 32. Thencomare Section 9.1 shall be used, except that 1], PRECISION AND BIAS the color ofthe supernatant liguid above thé organic plate number which is nearest the test sample with that of the reference the color of the supernatant liquid above IL1 Since this test produces no w- standard color solution and record the test specimen shall be reported. merical values, determination of the pre- eter is lighter, darker, of of equal NOTE 1A suitable instrument consis cision and bias is not necessaryStandard Specification for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 22-92! (ASTM DESIGNATION: C 39-86!) 1. SCOPE 22. ASTM Standart: in accordance with Methods T 23, 7 24, C683 “Test Method for Com- 126, T 231, and ASTM C 873. LA This test method covers determi- pressive and Flexural 43° The results of this test may be nation of compressive strength of cylin Strength of Concrete used as a basis for quality contol of tical concrete specimens such as Under Field Conditions concrete proportioning, mixing, and molded cylinders and drilled cores. Its © 873. Test Method for Com- placing operations; determination of Timited to conerete having a unit weight pressive Strength of compliance with specification; control im excess of 800 kay (30 Ih’ Conerete Cylinders for evaluating effectiveness of admix 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound Cast in Pace in Cylin- tres and similar uses unit are tobe regarded as the standard, deal Mole 1.3. This standard may involve haz- E74 Methods of Calira- adous materials, operations, and equip: tion of Force-Mea- 5. APPARATUS rent. This standard does not purport suring Instruments for associated with its use. It isthe responsi ication of Testing machine shall be ofa type having suffi bility of whoever uses this standard to Machines cient capacity and capable of providing the rates of loading prescribed in See tion 7.5. 3. SUMMARY OF METHOD 8.11 Verification of calibration of the testing machines in accordance with 3. This method consists of applying Method T 67 is required under the fol 1 compressive axial load to molded cyl- lowing conditions: inders or cores ata rate which is within S.L4LL After an elapsed interval a prescribed range until failure occurs. since the previous verification of 18 ‘The compressive strength of the speci- months maximum, but preferably after men is calculated by dividing the maxi- af interval of 12 month. consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory imation Prior to use 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2A AASHTO Standants: T 23 Making and Curing Concrete Test Speci- um Joa attained during the test 1.2. On original instalation or re- mens in the Field ‘rot sccionl mea ofthe specimea, "cation of the machine 724 Obtaining and Testing 5.1413 Immediately after making r- Drilled Cores and pais of adjustments which may in any Sawed Beams of 4. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE way affect the operation of the Concrete (sieighing) system or the values dis- T 67 Load Verification of 4.1 Care must be exercised in the played, except for zero adjustments that Testing Machines Ierpretation ofthe significance of com- compensate for the weight of tooling, or 126 Making and Curing pressive strength determinations by this specimen, or both, or Concrete Test Speci- method since strength is nota fundamen-— SL.LA Whenever there is reason to mens in the tal orintinsc property of conerete made doubt the accuracy ofthe results, without Laboratory from given materials. Values obtained regard to the time interval since the 7231 Capping Cylindsical will depend onthe size and shape of the last verification. Conerete Specimens specimen, batching, mixing procedures, S.L2._ Design —The design of the ma the methods of sampling, molding, and chine” must include the following fabrication and the age, temperature. and features ‘moisture conditions during curing. S121 The machine must be power 4.2 This test method may be used operated and must apply the load contin: Shines hs ws metal h skates asrare fo determine compressive strength of cy- uously rather than intermittently, and s lindrical specimens prepared and cured without shock. If thas only one loading.lo METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING TR rate (meeting the requirements of Section 7.5), it must be provided with 2 supple ‘mental means for loading at a rate suit. able for verification, This supplemental means of loading may be power ot hhand operated. 51.2.2 The space provided for test specimens shall be large enough to ac- ccommodate, in a readable position, an elastic calibration device whichis of suf- ficient capacity to cover the potential Joading range of the testing machine and ‘which complies with the requirement of ASTM E 74, NOTE 1—The 1ype of elastic calibration device most generally available and most ‘ommony used for this purpose is dhe circular proving ing. $13 Accuracy—The accuracy of the testing machine shall be in accor- dance with the following provisions: SALBL The percentage of error for the loads within the proposed range of use of the testing machine shall not ex ‘ceed * 1.0 percent of the indicated load, 113.2 The accuracy of the testing machine shall be verified by applying five test loads in four approximately ‘equal increments in ascending order. The Uifference between any two successive test loads shall not exceed one-thid of the difference between the maximum and ‘minionumn test loads S.1.3.3 The test load as indicated by the testing machine and the applied load ‘computed from the readings ofthe vei cation device shall be recorded at each test point. Calculate the error, E, and the percentage of error, Ep, for each point from these data as follows E©A-B Ep = 100 (4 ~ By where: A= load, Ibf (oF N) indicated by the ‘machine being verified, and B= applied load, Ibf (or N) as deter- mined by the calibrating device. 5.1.34 ‘The report om the verification of a testing machine shall state within ‘what loading range it was found to con form to specification requirements rather than reporting a blanket acceptance of rejection, ln no case shall the loading range be stated as including loads below the value which is 100 times the smallest change of load that can be estimated on the load-indicating mechanism of the testing machine or loads within that por tion of the range below 10 percent of the maximum range capacity S135 In no case shall the loading range be stated as including loads outside the range of loads applied during the veri- fication tet 5.1.3.6 The indicated load of a test. ing machine shall not be corrected either by calculation or by the use ofa calbra~ tion diagram to obtain values within the required permissible variation. 5.2 The testing machine shall be equipped with two steel bearing blocks with hardened faces (Note 2), one of Which is a spherically seated block that will bear on the upper surface ofthe spec: men, and the other solid block on which the specimen shall rest. Bearing faces of the blocks shall have a minimum dimen. sion at least 3 percent greater than the diameter of the specimen 10 be tested Except for the concentric circles de- seribed below, the bearing faces shall not depart from a plane by more than 0.025 ra: (0.001 in.) in any 152 mm (6 in.) of blocks 6 in. in diameter or larger, or by ‘more than 0.001 in, in the diameter of any smaller block; and new blocks shall, bbe manufactured within one-half of this, tolerance. When the diameter ofthe bear- ing face of the spherically seated block exceeds the diameter ofthe specimen by ‘more than 13 mam (> in.), concentric circles not more than 0.8 mm (> in.) deep and not more than 1.2 mm (Yj in.) Wide shall be inscribed to facilitate proper centering. NOTE 21 ie desirable thatthe beating faces of blocks used for compression testing ‘of concrete have @ Rockwell hardness of not less than 55 HRC. 5.2.1 Bottom bearing blocks shall conform to the following requirements: 5.2.1.1. The bottom bearing block is specified for the purpose of providing a readily machinable surface for mainte- nance of the specified surface conditions (Note 3). The top and bottom surfaces shall be parallel to each other. The block may be fastened tothe platen of the test ing machine. Its least horizontal dimen- sion shall be at least 3 percent greater than the diameter ofthe specimen to be tested. Concentric ciecles as described in Section 5.2 are optionat on the bottom, block, ‘52.1.2 Final centering must be made with reference to the upper spherical block when the lower bearing block is used to assist in centering the specimen, The center of the concentric ings. when provided, or the center ofthe block itself ust be directly below the center of the spherical head. Provision shall be made ‘on the platen of the machine to assure such a position, ‘52.1.3 The bottom bearing block shall be atleast 25 mam (I in.) thick when ‘new, and atleast 22-5 mm (0.9 in.) thick. ater resurfacing operations, except when the block is in full and intimate contact with the lower platen ofthe testing ma- chine, the thickness may be reduced to 10 mim (yin). NOTE 3-If the testing machine i 30 de- signed that the platen itself can be readily ‘maintained in the specified surface condton, 1 bottom block i No reguite. 5.2.2 The spherically seated bearing block’ shall conform 10 the following requirements: 52.2.1 The maximum diameter of the bearing face of the suspended spheri cally seated block shall not exceed the values given below: avian Diameter Damoce Test Specimens of Bearing Fase mm (in) rom in) 312) 102 «8 7613) 17.6) 10218) 165 (6's) 15216) 25410) 2038) zit) NOTE 4—Squae bearing faces are permis: sible, provided the diameter ofthe largest pos sible incrbed circle does not exceed the above diameter 52.2.2 The center ofthe sphere shall ‘coincide with the surface of the bearing face within a tolerance of * 5 percent of the radius of the sphere. The diameter of the sphere shall be atleast 75 percent of the diameter ofthe specimen tobe tested. ‘52.23 The ball and the socket must be so designed by the manufacturer that, the steel in the contact area does not per ‘manently deform under repeated use, with loads up to 82.7 MPa (12000 psi) fn the test specimen (Note 5)T METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING fo & WAY vO A \\Y loads below the value which is 100 times shipment, when flexible single use molds are W rit Seman he dl fer _ 62_ Neer of ome et ‘hall be of sufficient length to reach the specimens when tested shall depart from ‘graduation marks; the width of the end _perpendicularty to the axis by more than ‘of the pointer shall not exceed the clear 0.5" (approximately equivalent to a dif- distance between the smallest gradua- ference in height of "Vg in. for & 6 tions. Each dial shall be equipped with a diameter cylinder). The ends of compres- zeto adjustment which is easly accessi-. sion test specimens that are not plane ble ffom the outside ofthe dil case, and within. 0.050 mm (0.002 in.) shall be with a suitable device that ar all times capped, sawed, or ground in accordance tun reset will indicate fo within one per- with T 231 or if the ends meet the re= cent accuracy the maximum load applied quirements of A6, then neoprene caps FIGURE 1 Schematic Sketch of a aS to the specimen. with stel controllers may be used instead ‘Typical Spherical Bearing Block of capping. The diameter used for calcu NOTE Puig sal hs sate e hae shal “NOTE @—As close as can reasonably be lating the cross-sectional area of the test he ce a ‘ewhe eadiconsideredio he 0 mm/h along_ specimen shall be determined to the near sang mabe the are described by the ent ofthe poimer.eg¢ 0.25 mm (0.01 in) by averaging 660 ‘suo one-half ofthe scale ienl i8aboit—Giameters measured at right angles 10 asin cine ay cab reasonbly Be fad when the Such pthoc at abet midlet oF tl “1 Spacing on the oa indicating mechanism is S264, OE st AbowE mid of he erwcen I um (Von) and 1mm ini). “Pecimen When the spacings between Lémmand32 63 The number of individual cyin- 224 The curved surfaces of the jun. in- andy in) oneabcl ofa sale des measured for determination of aver- socket and the spherical portion shall be jnerval can be ea wih reasonable ceraimy, age diameter may be reduced to one for kept clean and shall be lubricated with a When the spacing '/in.orrmreonefouth each ten specimens of three specimens NOTE $—The prefer contact, the form of a ring (esenbod as pete ‘earing” are) as shown in Figure petroleuntype oil such as conventional of a sale inlevalcan be read with reaon- per day, whichever is greater, if all extin- ‘motor oil, not with a pressure type grease rains ders are known to have been made from ‘After contacting the specimen and app a single lot of reusable or single-use cation of small initial load, further titing_ $32. Ifthe testing machine load is molds which consistently produce speci- ofthe spherically seated block isnot in indicated in digital form, the numerical mens with average diameters within a tended and is undesirable display must be large enough tobe easily range of 0.51 mm (0.02 in). When the ‘32.25 {tthe radius ofthe sphere is fad. The numerical increment must be average diameters do aot fall within the smallerthan the radius ofthe largestspee- equal to of less than 0.10 percent of the range of 0.02 in, ot when the cylinders imen to be tested, the portion of the bear- full scale load of a given loading range. are not made from a single lot of molds, ing face extending beyond the sphere lane case shall the verified loading range each cylinder tested must be measured ‘hall have a thickness not less than the inelude loads less than the minimum mi- and the value used in calculation of the difference between the radius of the mericalincrement multiplied by 100."The unit compressive strength of that speci- sphere and radius of the specimen. The curacy of the indicated load must be men. When the diameters are measured [eat dimension ofthe bearing face shall Within LOpercentforany value displayed atthe reduced frequency, the crosssec- be at least as great as the diameter of the within the verified loading range. Provi- tional areas of all cylinders tested on sphere (see Figure 1) sion must be made for adjusting to iadi- that day shall be computed from the ‘5.226 The movable postion of the cate tue zero at zero Toad. There shall average of the diameters of the thrce oF bearing block shall beheld closely inthe be provided a maximum load indicator more eylinders representing the sroup Spherical seal,butthe design shall besuch that at all mes untl eset will indicate ested that day that the bearing tace can be rotated freely within one percent system accuracy the 6.4 The length shall be measured to fand tlted at least 4 in any direction, ™aximum load applied to the specimen. the nearest 0.05 D when the length to $3 Load Indication: diameter ratio is less than 1.8, oF more S31 If the load of a compression 6, SPECIMENS. than 2.2, or when the volume of the ‘machine used in conerete tests is regis cylinder is determined from measured tered on a dial, the dial shall be provided 6.1 Specimnens shall not be tested if’ dimensions. with a graduated scale tht can be read any’ individual dameter of cylinder to at least the nearest 0.1 percent of the differs fom any other diameter of the {ul scale oad (Note 6). The dal shall he Same cylinder by more than 2 percent readable within | percent ofthe indicated (Nowe 7) 7. PROCEDURE load at any given load level within the loagingrange. Inno case shlltheloading NOTE 7—This may oscur when single 7-1 Compression tests of moist lof a dial be considered to include wse mols ae damaged or deformed during cured specimens shall be made as soon18 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING TR TT 9, REPORT \/ \ / 1 | \ f ' 9.1 The report shall include the K A A / HE] fotowing /\ ry /\ i 9.1.1 Identification number, 1 942 Diameter (and length, if out- core coemdson cred Ser Sur Cismeer side the range of 1-0 t0 2.20), in inches ‘eh is) co ny ey oe millimetres. 91.3 Cross-sectional area, in square inches or square centimetres, 9.14 Maximum load, in pounds- force or newtons, FIGURE 2 Sketches of Types of Fracture 8s practicable after removal from be maintained at least during the later "9.1.8. ‘Compressive strength caleu- moist storage: half of the anticipated loading phase of Jaied to the newest 10 psi or 69 KPa, 72 Test specimens shall be kept the testing cycle. 9.1.6 Type of fracture if other than ‘moist by any convenient method during _7-5.2__Dring the application of the the usual cove (see Figute 2) the period between removal from moist first half ofthe anticipated loading phase "9.47. Defects in cither specimen of storage and testing, They shall be tested a higher rate of loading shall be cape, and in the moist condition permitted. ‘18 Age of specimen. 73. All test specimens for a given 7.53 Make no adjustment in the rate test age shall be broken with the permis of movement of the platen at anytime sible time tolerances prescribed as while a specimen is yielding rapidly im: 7.6 Apply the load until the speci- 10. PRECISION <_etse__femte re mon fly ad esr tn 101. The pion ofthis method % seem Sey ean a ee eee ie ihajiees Meruegete ston called anda preson st 90 days 2 days 2:2 percent formulated.” 74. Placing the Specimen—Place the ® CALCULATION plain (lower) bearing block, with its hardened face up, on the table or platen _ 4 Calculate the compressive ofthe testing machine directly under the S#0gth of the specimen by dividing the ANNEX spherically seated (upper) bearing block. ™4Ximum load carted by the specimen Wipe clean the bearing faces ofthe upper uring the test by the average cross. and lower bearing Backs and ofthe eet Seetional area determined ax described Compressive Strength of Specimen and place the test specimen on im Section 6 and express the result to Cylindrical Concrete Specimens the lower bearing block. Carefully align nearest 69 KPa (10 psi Using Neoprene Caps the axis of the specimen with the center ‘8.2 If the specimen length-to-diame- of thrust of the spherically seated block. ter ratio is less than 1.8, correct the result na of the er eG Ha AL, SCOPE rotated immediately prior t0 testing, to the appropriate correction factor shown assure the freedom required in Section if the following table: ALL This method covers the proce- 5.2.26, dure for compressive strength testing of 78 Rate of Loading—Apply the UD 175130125 4.00 in, (152 mm) diameter by 12 in. (305 load continuously and without shock, _Fittor, 98-096 083087 amy concrete cylinders using neoprene 2.54 For teing machines of de ‘caps with stel extrusion controllers, Pro: screw type, the moving head shall trave visions are made for alternate reusable a Frat apeximaly 13 mm (003 NOTE SMe cocina tn ty ovacnswachusercoer sls ‘© lightweight concrete weighing between 600 and 1920 tole (Os att ‘Sing fC pads and extrusion controllers than ft} and to normal weight concrete They are Neoprene and steel applicable to concrete dry or soaked at the time of loading. Vals nt given in the table in.min when the machine is running idle. For hydraulically operated ma- chines, the load shall be applied at a rate of movement (platen 10 crosshead sneasurement) corresponding toaloading atl be deermine by inergeanon Thceer, 7S -Cansee Seg i Seats” yD fate on the specimen within the range esi factor are applicable for nominal con SM=M. ACT Houma Ma hcp Tae of 0.14 10 0.34 MPs (20 (0 50 psi/s). crete strengths from 13.8 t0 41.4 MPa (2000 patna decease yess wae ‘The designated rate of movement shall 10 6000 psi in beesDOCUMENTS. ART AASHTO Standart T 231 Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens AL2_ ASTM Standard 1D 2000 Rubber Products in ‘Automotive Appli- 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE ABA Use of neoprene caps should be considered as a sitable alternate for ‘compressive strength testing. Alternate reasoble cap systems must be verified in ‘accordance with paragraph All through AI2. Ad, APPARATUS AAT Two steel extrusion controllers shall be used. An acceptable configura- sion for extrusion controllers is shown in a8 Eonnoties 1D Corrie a Any seid igure Al. Other modes of manufacture ‘may be used such as steel casting. or ‘machining in one piece from round stock provided the inside diameter, minimom wall thickness. and minimum bearing surface thickness comply with the di- ‘mensions shown in Figure Al. All bear- ing surfaces of the controller, both inside and outside, shall be machine planed to within 0,05 mm (0.002 in.. During use, the outside bearing surface shall be main- tained free of gouges, o dents larger than 0.25 mun (0.010 in) in depth or 32 mm? (0.05 in) in surface area. Prot sions of any kind will nt be allowed. ‘A42 Caps made from neoprene rmecting the requirements of ASTM D 2000, ine call-out M2BC514A 14814 ‘The dimensions of the caps shall be 155.6 mm (6" in.) im diameter and 12.7 sm ("J in.) thick, ‘A43_A.compression testing machine meeting the requirements of the main test method METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING ue CONTINUOUS WELD FIGURE AL AS. PRECAUTIONS AGA. Bach end ofthe concrete eylin- der shall be plane within 3.2 mm [ASA Conciete cylinders tested with it) across any diameter; ie. there shall neoprene caps rupture more intensely YE 0 depressions in the concrete sur- than comparable eylinders tested with faces which are deeper than 3:2. mm sulphor-mortar caps. As a safety precau- (‘4 i8.)- Cylinders, which donot tion, the eylinder testing machine should meet this tolerance shall not be tested tre equipped with a protective cage. unless the surface ieregularity is first ‘AS. The loading rate for some test. comected ing machines may have wo be adjusted AG2 Neither end of compressive when using neoprene caps. test specimens when tested shall depart from perpendicularity 1 the axis by more than 2.0" (approximately equal to a dif ference in height of ie inches for 2 inch diameter cylinders). Cylinders ‘The test specimens shall be that as not meeting this tolerance shall ot be batch willbe random ied. One set of new pads shall be used for all tests within each strength level AC the option of the manufacturer, one set of new pads may be used for al tests at all strngth levels; but sequence of testing for capping method > batch x strength level cells shall be eandemized, ‘AI23.3. Specific statistical equiva- Jencies to be demonstrated by the manus facture shall be as Follows: AIZ3.3.1 The analysis of varian of each strength level shall show to significant effect of capping. method. ‘AIZ3.3.2 The estimate of average difference in strength between capping methods wtilizing the cell averages for ‘each capping method x hatch X level ‘of strength cell shall not be significantly different from zero, The paired + test at a level of significance of 0.10 shall NOTE One reference describing Fast Design of Experiments by Chares 8 Ticks, Hott, Rines Winston. AIZA Agency (or Purchaser) Verif: cation of Altemate Reusable Cop A241. Prior to implementation of 2 reusable cap system, the agency (or purchaser) shall conduct an in-house evaluation comparing compressive strength and variability for sets of field cylinders: manufactured from the same samples of concrete: the reusable cap system shall be compared to T 231. The paired 1 test shall be used at a level of significance of 0.10. ‘124.2 A minimum of 30 sets of ceslinders shall be compared for compres: sive strength for one evaluation with one set of reusable pads; however. the nom ber of Sets may be increased (t0 deter mine usable life) if the reusable capsT2 hhave not developed visible damage such 4s spliting, gouging, or permanent com: pression set in the bearing arca in thirty repetitions. The evaluation shall be re- peated at least once with a new set of feusable caps. Job control cylinders of ‘wo oF more per set cast from the same METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING sample may be used. Ufeylinders are cast from successive batches in a laboratory, selection of cylinders shall be random: ized among batch capping method ‘AI24.3” The agency (or purchaser) shall reject a reusable cap system if the in-house evaluation shows significant a difference in compressive strength or variability as compared to T 231 ALLA The agency (or purchaser) shall reserve the right o reject a reusable cap system if the number of possible repetitions or life of a set of eaps is not acceptable to the agency (or purchaser.Standard Specification 4 for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 23-93! (ASTM DESIGNATION: C 31-90a) 1. SCOPE smens in the 4. APPARATUS Laboratory LL This method covers procedures TIAL Sampling Freshly 4.1 Molds, General—Molds for for making and curing cylindeieal and Mixed Concrete specimens or fastenings thereto in contact prismatic specimens using job concrete ‘T 152 Air Content of Freshly withthe concrete shall be made of steel, that ean be consolidated by redding or Mixed Concrete by cast ron, or other nonabsorbent material, vibration as described herein the Pressure Method onreactive with concrete containing 1.2. The concrete used to make the 196 Air Content of Freshly poland ‘or other ‘hydeaulic cements molded specimens shal have the san Mixed Concrete by Molds shall hold their dimensions ard levels of slump, air content, and percent the Volumetric shape under conditions of severe us age of coarse aggregate as the concrete Method ‘Molds shall be watertight during use as being placed in the work, except as modi- T 231 Capping Cylindrical judged by their ability to hold wate fied in Section 5.1 Concrete Specimens poured into them, Provisions for tests of 1.3. The values stated in inch-pound 2.2 ASTM Standard: ‘watertight are given in Section 6 of units are to be regarded asthe standard © 1064 Test Methods for Specification M 205. A suitable sealant, ‘The metric equivalents given in the stan ‘Temperature of such as heavy grease, modeling clay, or dard may be approximate Freshly Mixed Por aicroerytalline wax shall be used where 14 This standard does not purport Jand-Cement Concrete necessary to prevent leakage through the joints. Positive means shall be provided to hold base plates firmly to the molds Molds shall be lightly coated with min eral oil or a suitable nonreactive form release material before use. 42 Cylinder Molds: 42.1 Molds for Casting Specimens Vertically—Molds for casting concrete REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 34 This method provides standard- {65 suecimens shall confor othe te, ized requirements for making, curing, quirements of M 205. to address the safoty problems associated with its use. IL is the responsibility. of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices ‘determine the applicability of regu tory limitations prior to use. 3. SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 2A AASHTO Standards protecting, and tansporting conerete test 4S Reym Molds-Beam molds shall M201 Moist Cabinets, Moist specimens under field conditions. te rectangular in shape and ofthe dimen Rooms, and Water 32 If specimen preparation is con- sions required lo prodoce the specimen Storage Tanks Used in iolled as stipulated herein, the speci- Stipulated in Section 5.2, The inoue oe the Testing of Hy mens may be used to develop informa faces ofthe molds sell be sont, The draulic Cements and on for the following purposes: sides, bottom, and ends shall be at right Coneretes 32.1 Checking the adequacy of Ib- angles to eachother an shall be straight M 205 Molds for Forming Conerete Test Cylin ers Vertically T 119. Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrere T 126 Making and Curing Concrete Test Spe ‘oratory mixture proportions for sttength. and true and free of warpage. Maximum 32.2 Serve asthe basis for compari-- variation from the nominal cross section son with laboratory, field or in-place shall not exceed 3.2 mm ("fy in) for fests, asthe basis for safety and in struc- molds with depth or breadth of 152 mim ture performance evaluation, and as basis (6 in) or more. Molds shall produce for form and shoring removal time specimens not more than 1.6 mm ("ie requirements in) shore than the required length in 323 Determination of compliance accordance with Section 5.2. bul may m8 inks Satna with stength specifications, and exceed i by mote than that amount SES aoe caer 3.24 Determination of time when a" 44 Tamping, Rods—"Two sizes ate {ho 1, T 28 cme structure may be put in service. specified. Each shall be a round, steaight123 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING. 2B stcel rod with at least the tamping end shall be cylinders of concrete cast and 7, SLUMP, AIR CONTENT, AND rounded to a hemispherical tip of the hardened in an upright position, with a ‘TEMPERATURE same diameter as the rod. Both ends may length equal to twice the diameter. The be rounded if preferred. standard specimen shall be the 150 by 7.1. Slump—Measure the slump of 4A. Large Rod—16 mm Cg in.) in 300 mm (6 by 12 in.) eylinder when the each batch of concrete, from which spec: diameter and approximately 610 nm (24 maximum size of the coarse aggregate mens are made, immediately after re- in) long does not exceed 50 mm (2 in). When nixing in the receptacle as required in 44.2" Small Rod-—10 mm (iin) in the maximum size of the coarse aggre- 119. mee diameter and approximately 305 mm (12 gate does exceed 50 mm (2 in.), either 7.2. Air Content—Determine the ait in) long the concrete sample shall be treated by content in aceordance wit either T 152 ‘4S. Vibrarors—Imemal vibrators wet sieving as described in T 141 or the Gp T 196, The concsete used in per may have rigid or exible shafts, prefera- diameter of the cylinder shall be atleast forming the air content test shall not be bly powered by electric motors. The fre- three times the nominal maximum size yred in fabricating test specimens. ‘quency of vibration shall be 7000 vibra- of coarse aggregate in the concrete. 7.3» Temperature—Determine the tions per minute or greater while in use. When the nominal maximum size of the temperature in accordance with ASTM ‘The outside diameter or side dimension coarse aggregate does not exceed 25.0 © 164, of the vibrating clement shall be a least mm (I in.) the specimens may be 100 19 mm (0.95 in.) and not greater than by 200 mum (4 by 8 in) eylinders. 38 mm (1.50 in.), The combined length 8 MOLDING SPECIMENS ‘of the shaft and vibrating element shall ‘exceed the maximum depth of the section _ NOTE 1—The maximum size isthe small”. Place of Molding—Mold speci est sieve opening tough which the entire being vibrated by at feast 76.mm (3 in). Sh eve evening rae wih he mens promptly ona level, rigid, horizon- ‘When external vibrators are used, they tal surface, free from vibration and other should be the table or plank type. The disturbances, ata place as near as practi frequency of external vibrators shall be $2 flexural Strength Specimens ble 0 the Tocation where they are 10 atleast 3,600 vibrations per minute. For pigrvral strength spocinens shall be rex. sted both table and plank vibrators provision EhVStar beams of concrete cast and hand. 82_ Placing the Concrete—Place the Shall be made for clamping the mold Shey with long axes horizontal, The coverete in the molds using a scoop, Securely to the apparatus. A vibraing- flv hall be af east 30 mm (2 in) ited towel, or shovel. Select eae teed tachometer shouldbe used to check reer than three times the depth ae ®0Bfl, trovselfl, or shovelful of eon- the frequency of vibration, weed. The rato of width to depth ay ct from the mixing pan fo ensure that 4.6 Maller—A mallet with ¢ rubber ee nen tt stan, itis tepresentative of the batch, Remix or rawhide head weighing 0.57 0.23 pean shall be 152 by 152 mm (6 t€ coverete in the mixing pan with a kg (1.25 * 0.50 Ib) shall be used, ty 6 ma) in ese section, and shall be S80¥eL oF towel fo prevent Segregation “4.7 Small Tools—Tools and items (2.8 for concrete arith maximum sire dufing the molding of specimens. Move which may be required are shovels pail, Soarse aggregate up to 50 min (2 inp, 86 S000, towel, or shovel around the roves, wood float, metal float, blunted Wher ence euscioum cee of tee Perimeter ofthe mold opening when add- tuowels, straightedge, feeler gage, UCN eyrewut encceds SD am (2 in), i cOverete t ensure an even distibu- scoops, and rules. : the smal crenesectcnal dimension of on of he coneree and 0 misinine 48° Slump Apparatus—The appara- vin shall be at Teast tee times se@regation. Further distribute the con- tus for measurement of slump shall cone Beam stall be a feast thee i crete by use of a tamping rod prior to form to the requirements of T 119. the start of consolidation. In placing the 49° Sampling and Mixing Recepta final layer the operator shall atempt to cle—The recepacle shall be a suitable ‘add an amount of concrete that will ex- heavy gage metal pan, wheelbarrow, oF actly fill the mold after compaction. Do the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate, Unless required by project specifications, beams made in the field shall not have a width or depth of less flat, clean nonabsorbent mixing board of | "™" 6 not add nonreprescntative concrete to an sufficient capacity to allow easy remix. underfilled mola ing of the entire sample with a shovel 82.1 Number of Layers—Make or trowel specimens in layers as indicated in Ta- 4.10 Air Content Apparatus—The ble apparatus for measuring ar contet shall 6 SAMPLING CONCRETE 83. Consolidation: conform 10 the requirements of T 196 BBL Methods of Consolidarion— or T 152, 6.1 The samples used to fabricate Preparation of satisfactory specimens te- test specimens under this standard shall quires different methods of consolida- be oblained in accordance with T 141 tion, The methods of consolidation are unless an alternative procedure has rodding, and internal or external vibra ‘TEST SPECIMENS been approved. tion, Base the selection of the method 62 Record the identity ofthe sample of consolidation on the slump, unless the SL Compressive Strength Speci- with respoct to the location of the con- method is stated in the specifications ‘mens--Compressive stength specimens crete represented and the time of casting. under which the work is being. peruM METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 123 TAHLE-L_ Number of Layers Required fr Specinens is applied ater vibration, add only enough ‘Specimen Type and Size Mode of Number of Layers ‘concrete with a trowel to overfill the mold 3 Toul Depth em Coogan or Deh of tan about 3 mm Cin). Work it ino the er ene Surface and then tke it of Sine ‘osing ‘cal men B31 Ineral Vibration —The di- de sot Her Im) ph as gear eter ofthe wating elemento tick as pace ness ofa square vibrating element, shall er 300 (12) 4041) vibation 2 ea yes be in accordance with the requirements Ove 60 18 baton 200 mm (in) depth as near of Section 4.5. For beams, the vibrating rca element shall not exceed ofthe width eam ofthe mold. For eslinders, the rai of 15016) 20008 roitng 2 ea ys the diameter ofthe eylindr tothe diame- Over 200 8) rein oom (4 in) depth as near tr of the vibrating element shall be 4.0 ss pastahe ‘or higher, Ia compacting the specimen, 152 6 20008) xxi Tf dep yer the vibrator shal not be allowed to rest Over 200.8) bein 20 mn ( in) dep os tear the bottom sides af the ol 2 prntiable ‘Carefully withdraw the vibrator in such 8 manner that no air pockets are left in the specimen formed. Rod concretes with a slump upper layer allow the rod to penetrate 833.2. Cilinders—Use tee inser greater than 75 mm 3 in). Rodor vibrate shout 2 mm (Jin. nto the underiying tons of the vibrator at diferent points onerstes with slump of 25 10 75 mm layer when the depth of the layer is less f0r cach layer. Allow the vibration to (10 3), Vibrate coneretes with slump than 100 mm (4 in), and about 25 mm penevate through the layer beng vibrated, of less than 25 mm (I in). Concretes (1 in.) when the depth is 4 in. or more, and imo the layer below, approximately of such low water content that they ean- After each layer is rode, tap the out- 2S mum (in). After cach layeris vibrated, sot be propery consolidated by the meth- sides ofthe mold lightly 1010 15 times tap the oulsides of the mold lighly 10 os described herein, or requiring other with the mallet, to close any holes left 15 times withthe mallet, wo close any sizes and shapes of specimens o repe- by rodding and to elease any large air oes left by vibrating and to release any Sent the product or sircture, are not bubbles that may have been trapped. Use large air bubbles that may have been covered by this method. Specimens for an open hand to tap ighi-gage single-use trapped. Use an open hand to tap lght- such coneretes shall be made in accor- molds which are susceptible to damage if gage single-use molds which are suscepti dance withthe requirements of Method tapped with a mallet. After tapping, ble to damage if tapped with a mallet. T 126 with regard to specimen size and spade the conerete along the sides and 833.3 Beam-—Inser the vibrator at shape and method of consolidation fends of beam molds with a towel or intervals not exceeding 150 mm (6 in) 83.2 Rodding—Place the concrete other suitable tool. along the eentertine of the long dime in the mold, in the required mumber of $3.3. Vibration Maintain a uniform sion of the specimen. For specimens layers of approximately equal volume. time period for duration of vibration for wider than 150 mum, use allerating inser. For cylinders, rod each layer with the the particular kind of concrete, vibrator, tio along two lines. Allow the shaft of rounded end of the rod using the number and specimen mold involved. The dura- the vibrator to penetrate into the bottom of stokes specified in Table 2, The num ion of vibration required will depend layer approximately 25 mm ( in). After ber of roddings per layer required for ypon the workability of the concrete and each layer is vibrated, tap the outsides beams is one for each 13 cm? (2 in.”) the effectiveness of the vibrator. Usually, of the mold lightly 10 to 15 times with top surface area of the specimen. Rod sufficient vibration has been applied as the mallet, to close any holes left by the bottom layer throughout its depth. soon as the surface of the concrete has vibrating and to release any large air Distribute the strokes uniformly over the ecome relatively smooth. Continue vi- bubbles that may have been trapped. cross section of the mold and for each * ., Wien bration only long enough to achieve 8.34 External Vibration—When ex: Proper consolidation of the concrete. Ov- ternal vibration is used, take care to en- TABLE 2 Diameter of Rod and Number of crvibration may cause segregation. Fill sure that the mold is rigidly attached to odings to be Used in Mokting Cylinder the molds and vibrate in the required or securely held against the vibrating Tet Specimens ‘number of approximately equal layers. element or vibrating surface, Duameter of Dumstrof—Namer af Place all the concrete for each layer in 84 Finishing-—After consolidation, ink, Ke, mm Stoke) the mold before stating vibration of that unless the finishing has been performed cwmny ind ‘Layer layer. When placing the final layer, avoid during. the vibration (Section 8.3.3), oH or ‘overfilling by more than 6 mm ("), in.) strike off the surface of the concrete and 132 6) 160 Finish the surface either during or after float or trowel it as required. Perform 200 16 0 50 ibration where extemal vibration is used, all finishing with the minimum manipa- 250 10) eo 25 Finish the surface after vibration when — fation necessary to produce a flat even intemal vibration is used. When the finish surface tha is level with the rim or edgeT23 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING fof the mold and that has no depressions ‘or projections larger tha 3.2 mM 0.) 84.1 Cylinders—After consolida- tion, finish the top surfaces by striking them oft with the tamping rod where the consistency of the concrete permits or with a wood float or trowel, If desired cap the top surface of freshly made cylin ders with a thin layer of stiff pontand cement paste which is permitted 10 harden and cure with the specimen. See section on Capping Materials of T 231 84.2 Beams—After consolidation of the concrete, strike off the top surface to the requited tolerance to produce @ flat even surface, A wood float may be used 8S Initial — Storage—Immediately after being stack off, the specimens shall bbe moved to the storage place where they will remain undisturbed for the tial curing period, If specimens made in single use mold are moved, lft and sup- pot the specimens from the bottom of the molds with a large «rowel or simi lar device. 9. CURING 9.1 Covering After Finishing— Immediately after Finishing, precautions shall be taken to prevent evaporation and Joss of water from the specimens. Protect the outside surfaces of cardboard molds from contact with wet burlap of other sources of water. Cardboard molds may ‘expand and damage specimens at an carly age if the outside of the mold ab- sorbs water. Cover specimens with a aon- absorbent, nonreactive plate or sheet of impervious plastic. Wet burlap may be used over the plate or plastie sheet to help retard evaporation, but the burlap must not be in contact with the surface of the concrete. 92. Curing Specimens for Checking the Adequacy of Laboratory Mixture Pro- portions for Strength or as the Basis for Accepiance or Quality: Contr 921 Initial Curing—Atter molding, the specimens shall be stored in atemper- aruce range between 16 to 27°C (60 to 80°F), and in a moist environment pre- venting any loss of moisture up to 48 hhours (Note 2). At all times the tempera- ture ig and between specimens shall be controlled by shielding from direct rays ff the sun and radiant heating devices. ‘Specimens that are to be transported to the laboratory for standard curing (see Section 9.2.2) before 48 hours shall re- ‘main in the molds in a moist environ ‘ment, until they are received inthe labo= ratory, demolded and placed in standard curing. If specimens are not transported within 48 hours, the mold shall be re ‘moved within 24 * 8 hours and standard ‘uring used until transported, (See Sec- tion 10.1.) NOTE 2—Ie may be necessary to create an environment during inital caring to provide satisfactory moisture and to cont the tem perature. The specimens may be immersed ‘immediately in saturated limewate, andlor stored in tighly constucted wooden boxes, damp sand pits temporary buildings at com struction sites, under wet burlap, or in heavy ‘weigh closed plastic bags. Immersing i sat fated limewater isnot acceptable for speci- ‘mens in cardboard or other mods tha expand when inmersed in water Other stable meth ods may be used provided the foregoing quirements Timiting specimen temperature and movsare loss are met. The temperate ray be contlled by ventilation, or thermo Saucally contlled cooling devices, of by heating devices such as stoves, ight bulbs, oF thermostatically controlled beating elements Temperature record ofthe specimens may be ‘stablshed by means of maximum-miaimum thermometers. Early age rests may be lower when stored acar 16°C (60°F) and higher When store neat 27°C (80°), 92.2 Standard Curing: 92.21 Cylinders—Upon completion ‘of inal curing and within 30° min- tte ater removing the mokds, store speci- ‘mens in a moist condition with free water ‘maintained on their surfaces at all times at a temperature of 23 + LTC (734 23°F). Temperatures between 20 and 30° (68 and 86°F) are permitted for a period not to exceed 3 hours immediately prior to test if free moisture is maintained on the surfaces of the specimen at all dimes, except when capping with sulfur mortar capping compound, When capping. with this material, the ends ofthe cylinder will be dried as described in T 231, Specimens shall not be exposed to dripping or runing Water. The required moist storage can be joblained by immersion in saturated lime: water and may be obtained by storage Jn. a moist room or cabinet meeting the requirements of M 201 9.2.22 Beams—Beams are 0 be ‘cured the same as cylinders, Section 92.2.1, except fora minimum of 20 hours prior © testing, they shall be stored in Saturated limewater at 23 + LTC (134 + 3). Drying of the surfaces of the beam shall be prevented between removal from lime water and completion of testing (ote 3, [NOTE 3—Relatively small amounts of dy- ing ofthe sure of lxaral specimens indace tensile stceses in the exreme fiber that will markedly reduce the indicated Nexuralstreagth. 93 Curing Specimens for Checking the Adequacy of Laboratory Misture Pro portions for Strength or as the Basis for ‘Acceptance or Quality Control at Re. mote Sites 9.3. Specimens prepared and stored ‘a remot sites which do not have facilities for conoling temperature within the tol erance of 23 + LPC (73.4 + YF) shall ‘be cured in accordance with the provisions of Section 9.2 except as modified by See- tion 93. 932 Iutial Curing at Remote Sites Specimens shall be cued in acordance with Section 9.21 321 Specimens not to be wanspoe ted oro be transported alee 48 hours age may be cured without demolding povided that ss of moisture is prevented in accor- dance with Section 9.21 util He time of tcansportation or testing. 933 Standard Curing at Remote Sites—Specimens tobe stored at a remote site and shipped to a laboratory for test orto be tested athe remote site shall be ‘ered in accordance with Sections 9.3.1, 9332, and 9321 unit the tine of ship: ament or test. Specimens shall not be ex: posed to dipping or inning water 933.1 Beam specimens to be stored and tested at remote sites shall be cured in accordance with Section 9.3, except that for a minimum of 20 hours prio to texting, they shall be stored in saturated lime vater at 16 t0 27°C (6) to 80°) Drying of the surfaces of the beam shall be prevented between removal from the lime water and completion of testing (Note 4} NOTE 4—Curing of specimens at remote csi accordance sith Section 93 may yield ‘ignficandy diferent results as compared © specimens cured in acconance with Section 92.26 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING TR 9A Curing for Determining Form Re- ‘moval Time or When a Structure May be Pat into Service: 94.1 Cylinders—Store cylinders in or fon the structure as near to the point of ‘deposit ofthe concrete represented as pos sible, Protect all surfaces of the eylinders from the elements in as near as possible the same way asthe formed work. Provide the cylinders with the same temperature and moisture environment as the structural work. Test the specimens in the moisture Condition resulting from the specified cur ing treatment, To meet these conditions, specimens made for the purpose of de- termining when a stracture may be put in service shall be removed from the molds atthe time of removal of form work 94.2 Beams—As nearly as practice: bie, cure beams in the same manner 3s the concrete in the structure. At the end of 48 + 4 hours after molding, take the ‘molded specimens to the storage location and remove from the molds. Store speci- mens representing pavements or slabs on grade by placing them on the ground as ‘molded, with their top surfaces up. Bank the sides and ends of the specimens with earth or sand that shall be kept damp, leaving the top surfaces exposed to the specified curing weatment, Store spec: ‘mens representing. structure concrete as rear to the point in the structure they represent as possible and afford them the samme temperature protection and moisture environment as the suucture, AC the end of the curing period leave the specimens in place exposed to the weather in the Same manner as the structure. Remove all beam specimens from field storage and store in lime water at 23 © 28°C (34 = °F) for 24 * 4 hours immediately before time of testing to ensure uniform ‘moisture condition from specimen to spec- jimen. Observe the precautions given in Section 92.2.2 to guard against drying between time of removal from curing t0 testing. 10. TRANSPORTATION OF ‘SPECIMENS TO LABORATORY 10.1 Prior to transporting, specimens shall be cured and protected as required in Section 9. During transportation, the specimens must be protected with suitable cushioning material to prevent damage from jaring and from freezing tempera- tures, or moisture loss. Moisture loss may be prevented by wrapping the specimens in plastic or surrounding them with wet sand or wet sawdustStandard Specification for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 24-93 (ASTM DESIGNATION: C 42-90) 1. SCOPE T 231 Capping Cylindrical coarse aggregate. In general, the concrete Concrete Specimens shal be [4 days old before the specimens 1A This method covers obtaining, «22 ASTM Standards. tare removed. When preparing strength preparing, and testing (1) cores drilled © 670 Practice for Preparing test specimens from samples of hardened from concrete for length or compressive Precision and Bias concrete, samples that show abnormal ‘or spliting tensile strength determina- Statements foe Test defects or samples that have been dam. tions and (2) beams sawed from concrete Methods for Con- aged in the process of removal shall not for flexural strength determinations. struction Materials be used. 23. ACI Standards: 301-89 Specifications for Structural Concrete 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound Units are to be regarded as the standard 1.3 This standard does not purport 4.12 Specimens containing embed. ded reinforcement shall not be used for specimen. their average part from perpendicutarity to the longitu 6.7.1 Ifthe ratio of length to diame- 6.9.2 The multi-taboratory coeff inal axis by more than 5 degrees, and ter of the specimen exceeds 2.10 it shall cient of variation on cores has been found 62.3 The diameter ofthe ends shall fe reduced in length to all within the tobe 1 percent forarange of compres ‘not depart more than 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) ratio limits of 1.94 to 2.10. Specimens sive strength between 32.0 (4500 psi) from the mean diameter ofthe specimen. within these ratios require no correction. and 48.3 (7000 psi) MPa, Therefore re- 6.3 Moisture Conditioning--Subm- 6.7.2 If the ratio of the length to sults on two properly conducted tests on crge the test specimens in lime-saturated giameter of the specimen is less than coves sampled rom the same hardened Water at 23 & 17°C (734 * 3°F) for 1.94, apply comection factors shown in. concrete (where a single testis defined as at least 40 hours immediately prior 10 the following table: the average of two observations (cores), making the compression test, Test the ‘each made on separate adjacent drilled specimens promptly after removal 0M aig of Length of Ste 100 mm (4 in.) diameter cores), and water storage During the per between Cynder to Dust Coan tested by. ‘two. different laboraiories removal from water storage and testing, toe keep the specimens moist by covering O98 With 2 wet blanket of burlap o other 096 SSSR ATpem mip te po suiuble absorbent fabric 093 ele 63.1 When the specifying authority om Sonr24 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING or § \ & SS eLEvarion = mS m te a os ot FIGURE 1 Suitable Capping Device for Splitting Tensile Strength Test should not differ from each other by ‘more than 13 percent’ of their average. 6.10 Bias—Since there is. n0 av cepted reference material suitable for de- termining the bias for the procedure in this test method, no statement on bias is being made. 7. SPLITTING TENS STRENGTH 7A Test Specimens—The specimens shall conform to the dimensional require- ments in Scetions 6.1, 6.2.1, and 62. Ends are not to be capped, 7.2. Moisture Conditioning—Prior to testing the specimens shall be condi tioned as described in Section 6.3 7.3. Bearing Surfaces—The line of contact between the specimen and each Dearing strip shall be straight and free of any’ projections or depressions higher for deeper than 0.25 mm (0.01 in.). When the fine of contact is not straight or contains projections or depressions hav. ing heights or depths greater than 0.25, ‘mm (0.01 in.), grind o cap the specimen 50 as to produce bearing lines meeting these requirements. Do not use speci: mens with projections or depressions greater than 2.5 mm (0.1 in). When capping is employed, the caps shall be as thin as practicable and shall be formed of high-strength gypsum plaster. NOTE 3-Figure 1 itlustrtes a device suitable for applying caps to 150 emm (6 i) diameter specimens 7A Testing —Test specimens in ac~ ‘cordance with the applicable provisions of T 198; 18 Calculation and — Report— Calculate the splitting tensile strength and report the results as required in T 198, When grinding or capping of the Dearing surfaces is required, the diameter » shall be measured between the finished surfaces. Indicate thatthe specimen was 4 core and state its moisture condition atthe time of testing. SAWED BEAMS 8 FLEXURAL STRENGTH BL Test Specimens—A beam speci- men for the determination of flexural strength shall in general have a cross- section of 150 X 150 mm (6 by 6 in.) (Note 4). The specimen shal be atleast 530 mmm (21 in.) in length, but when two tests for flexural strength are to be made ‘on one beam specimen, it shall be at feast $40 mm (33 in.) i length. Perform the sawing operation so that the concrete will not be weakened by shock or by heating. The sawed surfaces shall be smooth, plane, parallel, and free from steps, ridges, and grooves. Take care in handling sawed beam specimens to avoid chipping or cracking. NOTE 4 in many cass, paul with prisms cut tom pavement slabs, the width will be governed by the size of the coarse aggregate and the depth bythe thickness of the slab, 82 Moisture Conditioning—Subm- cerge the test specimens in lime-saturated water at 23 + LTC (34 + YF) for at least 40 hours immediately prior to the flexure tes. Test the specimens promptly after removal from water storage, During the period between removal from wate storage and testing, keep the specimens moist by covering with a wet blanket of burlap or other suitable absorbent fabric. 8.2.1 When the specifying authority for the project so directs, beams shall be tested ina moisture condition other than that achieved by conditioning accordance with Section 8.2. Relatively small amounts of drying of the surface fof flexural specimens induce tensile sesses in the extreme fibers that will, ‘markedly reduce the indicated flexural strength 83 Testing —Test the specimens in accordance with the applicable provis- ions of T 9730 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING T24 NOTE S—The compressive strengths of portions of beams broken in flexare may be determined by testing such portions a6 modified cubes in accondance with T 140, (Modified Cube Method, NOTE 6—Sawing may greatly reduce the indicated flexural suength beams shal, there fore, be tested with a molded surface inten sion whenever posible. The location of the tension face with respect to the position of the concrete as placed and the postion ofthe sawed surfaces should be reported. 84 Report—Report the results in ac: ‘cordance with the applicable provisions of T 97 and the requirements of this method, including the moisture con- dition a the time of testing. Identify ‘orientation of the specimen’s finished, sawed, and tension faces with respect to their postions in the test apparatus 9. KEYWORDS 9A Compressive strength; concrete: concrete coring: concrete sawing; flex ural strength spliting tensile strengthQuality of Water To Be Used in Concrete 1. ACIDITY AND ALKALINITY LA The acidity or alkalinity sball be determined by one of the following methods, or B. If extreme accuracy is desired, the method under “B™ should be used, ‘A. The acidity or alkalinity shall be determined with standatd solutions of ‘one-enth normal alkali or acid, respec- tively, using not less than 200 ml of the water under exazmination. Phenolphiha- ein or methyl orange should be used as an indicator Excessive acidity oralkalin ty indicates the necessity for further B. (a) The hydrogen ion concentration shall be determined either by electeome- tnie of colonmetric method in eonjune tion with the necessary indicator, and shall be expressed in pH units (pH = fog Vi}. When pHt of the water is less than pH 45 or mote than pH 8.5 furher tests should be made. (The pH valve fof the solution is the logarithm of the reciprocal ofthe hydrogen 10n concentra tion H+) in moles per liter, Por exam- ple, a solution of 4.5 pH has a hydrogen jon concentration of 10"), (b) The procedure for securing pH values shall be regulated entirely by the method used: that is either by electome: tric oF colorimetric methods. The proce ddure to be followed in making the deter- ‘minations shall be based on the type of apparatus used and in accordance with ‘the methods and instruction furnished by the manufacturer for the particular type of apparatus in use. The apparatus used cither colorimetric or lectrometic. shall have a working range suitable for the test being performed. 1.2 Chloride ton Concenirarion The chloride ion concentration shall be Standard Specification for AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 26-79 éetermined by ASTM D 512, Chloride Ton in. Industial Water and Industrial ‘Waste Water. 2. REFEREE METHOD B 2A Sulphate fon Concentration— ‘The sulphate ion concentration shall be determined by ASTM D 516. Sulphate on in Industsial Water and Industriat Waste Water. Referee method (gravimetric) 3. TOTAL SOLIDS AND INORGANIC MATTER 3M Evaporate 300 mL of the water te dryness in a dish. Por this purpose a Platinum dish of 100 to 200 ma. capacity is found most convenient. The dish shall be nearly filed with water and placed fon a water bath, additional portions of the sample of water being added from time 10 time wil $00 mL have been used. The contents of the dish shall be evaporated to dryness. then placed in an ‘oven at 132°C (270°F) and baked for 1 hour. The dish and contents shall then be cooled in a desiccator and the mass determined. The mass of the residue in grams divided by 5 isthe percentage of {otal solids in the water 32. The total solids obtained as de- scribed may consist of orpanic matter, ‘or inorganic malte, or of combinations ‘of organic and inorganic mater. The plat jum dish shall be ignited at low ced Treat, and the darkening of the residue during the carly stage of the ignition ‘ually indicates the presence of organic matter ‘The percentage loss on ignition Game © a low red heat will usually be an indica tor of the amount of organic matter, but it should be noted that some mineral salts tend to volatilize or partly decompose on heating 33° The determination of the compo- sition of the mineral matter in the water requites a complete chemical analysis and is not generally undertaken except when the percentage of total solids is large, or the water appears to give abnor imal tests in other respects. When the mineral analysis desired the procedure starting on page 2388 of Scots Standart Methods of Chemical Analysis, Sixth Edition (1963), volume Tl, should be used. The results should be reported as the separate constituents in pats per mil tion, I the hypothetical combination into salts is desired. the method given by Scott, oF the method given on page 336, volume V. number 5, Industrial and En gineering Chemistr, should be used 3A Acomparison of the given waier ‘sith distilled water can be obtained b snaking Antoclave Expansion of Portland Cement. F107, Time of Setting of Hy raul Cement by Vicat Needle, T 131 ‘or Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Gilliore Needle, T 154 and Compres sive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mor tas, T 106 ests, using the same cement fof standard quality with each water (Suggested limits forthe ast named tests ate as follows: Any indication of un soundness, marked change in time-of- setting, of a reduction of more than 10 ined percent in stength from results o ‘with mixtures containing the water of satisfactory quality shall be sufficient cause for rejection of the water under test)Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates AASHTO DESIGNATION: T 27-93! (ASTM DESIGNATION: C 136-843) 1. SCOPE, 22 ASTM Standart: and conform to the requirements of M C670 Practice for Prepati 21. 1.1. This method covers the determi: Precision and Bias 5.2 Sieves—The sieves shall be nation of the particle size distribution of Statements for Test mounted on substantial frames con- Fine and coarse aggregates by sieving Methods for Con: structed in a manner that will prevent 1.2 Some specifications for aggre- struction Materials loss of matetial during sieving. Suitable gates which reference this method on sieve sizes shall be selected to furnish {ain grading requirements includin {he information required by the specifiea- Conceand fin acens come SUMMARY OF METHOD on covery te mera ob ested included for sieve analysis of such The sieves shall conform to M92, Sieves aggregates. 341 A.weighed sample of dry aggre. ith openings larger than 125 mam (S 1.3 The values stated in St units are gate is separated through a series of if.) shall have a permissible variation in to be regarded a8 the standaed sieves of prosressvely smaller epenings a¥€FAgE opening of + 2 percent and shall 44 This standard may involve haz- for determination of particle size HaV€ a nominal wire diameter of 8.0 mm ardous materials, operations. and equip- distribution, hy in.) oF larger iment. This standard does ct purport fo address all of the safety. problems NOTE. 1K is recommended that sieves associated with is use-1tis the responsi 4 SIGNIFICANCE AND USE, mounted in frames larger thin standard 203 bility of whoever uses :his standard to rm 8 in diameter frames he used for testing consult and establish apprapnate safety 4A. This method is used primarily come azzrezate and health practices and determine the [0 determine the grading of materials, applicability of reeulaio regclations proposed for use as aggregates or being 53. Mechanica’ Sieve Shaker—A prior o use. used as aggregates, The results ae used Mechanical sieve shaker, if used. shall tw determine compliance of the particle imparts vertical, or lateral and seri ‘ize disiibution with applicable specifi. motion ic the sieve, causing the particles 2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS cation requicemenis and to provide nec- thereon fo Bowne essary data for control of the production present different orientations to the siv 2A AASHTO Siondons fof varius aggevate products and min ng surface. The sieving action shall be M92 Wie Clath Sieves for tes containing ageterates. The date Sich thatthe entenon for adequacy of Testing Purposes ray also he wsefol in developing rela. sieving described in Section 7.4 i= met M251 Balances Used in the omhips. concerning porosity and in 2 reasonable time peciod Testing of Materials packing. Ri St Pratce “42 "Accutte determination of mate- NOTE 2Use of 4 mechanical seve 12 Sampling Aggregates ial finer than the 75m (No. 200) sieve shake is ecommended when the sizeof he TH Materials Fier than cannot be achieved by we ofthis method Sis 20 ky or eretes and maybe nec 75 nun (No. 200) lone. Test Method T-T1 for maternal {ot samples icing ne agpegate Sieve in Mineral Ag-—figer than 75:ym_sieve by washing EXCESS HE (ote han approximately 10 regaes by Wishing should be employed tes Geyatatin ofthe sample. The Sa 1 248. Reding Feld Sam tmecharcl ve sake may net be rata ples of Apgsegate to APPARATUS forall sizes of samples, since the are sieving anea needed for practical sieving of large nominal size couse aggregate very Ukely S41 Bolance—The balance shall Gould yeslt in Jos of 2 potion ofthe sample reinog ave sufficient capacity, be readable 10 Faced 0.1 percent ofthe sample mass. or better, pate otMETHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING 3 $4 Oven—An oven of appropriate By 100 220) NOTE 4--For control purpeses, pation size capable of maintaining 2 uniform “i 150 3101 larly where rapid results are desed, itis gene temperature of 110 = 5°C 230 = 9°F). i) 2 (ay ally nor necessary to dry’ coarse aggregate for ws 500 6 the seve analysis test. The cess ae Mle 500 (hy Meta by the mode tent es) the Aoi manure ata sb 125 mm (isin). 2) the cane aepeeste cease and Fine AEgreRtes ons april al fics an 45 cars The mas of he es ample Sova 0) che aE a we mass of the field Coarse and fine aggregate mixtures jishtyabsorpave (a lithweight agatepats, or dance with T 2. The mass of the field ha be the same a for coarse aBg0CH51° ay ahs cake wey Bede a te sample shal be the mass shown in T 2 in Section 64 higher temperature associated withthe use of or four tes the mass regue it Sec- "66 The size of sample requited for ht plas thou at Tots. proved dons 6.4 and 65 (except as modified in sesregatee with large nominal maximum eam escpes wit gros resus Section 66), whichever is greater Sires soch ast preclade testing except sfinto acre th pris and enpera 6.2 Thoroughly mix the sample and with targe mechanical sieve shakers. Us are not so great as to cause chemical 6. SAMPLING 65 Coarse and Fine Aggregates 6.1 Sample the aggregate in accor- reduce itt an amount suitable fortesting However the ineat af thie methad wilt breakdown of the gasepte Using the applicable procedures de- be saisfied for samples of aggregate seribed in T 248. The sample for test Jarger than SO-mm (2 in.) nominal maxi- 7-2 Suitable sieve sizes. shall_ be Shall be approximately ofthe mass de- fim sie if smuler mass of sample seleted to. furnish. the information sired when dry and shall be the end tesult ined) provided that the enterion for fequted by the specifications covering Of the reduction, Reduction fo an exact acceptance or rejection of the material the material to be tested. The use of Dredetermined mass shall mot be js ased on the average of results of ditional sieves may be desirable to pro permite. several samples, such that the sample vids ate infomation, ich as Genes here sieve analysis iactuding SE 4Sed times the number of samples "Hedulus, oF to regulate the amount of dena rcon or tee analysis including averaged equals the minimum mass of Material on a sieve. Nest the sieves in jum (No. 200) sieve, is the only testing pro- Sample shown in Section 6.4. ‘order of decreasing size of opening from Pore, the size ofthe sample may be reduced 67._Tn the event that the amount of 'p t0 bottom and place the sample, or inthe field wo avoid shipping excessive quan- material finer than the 75-um (No, 200) portion ofthe sample if ts to be sieved tes of ext mats to the laboratory sieve is to be determined by T 11, pro- i more than one incremeat, on the top ceed a follows sieve. Agiate the sieves by hand or by 63. Fine Aggregate—The minimam 627.1. For aggregates with a nominal mechanical apparaus fora sufficient pe ae ofthe test sample of aggregate after maximum size of 125 mm (sin) or ti, established by trial or checked by Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vo 803, Annual Bok of ASTM Standard, VoL OO “Annual Book ASTM Standandy. Vol 030 of other foreign materials unassociated with the manufac- turing process. 4.2 Number of Specimens 42:1 Brick—For the modulus of rupture, compressive strength, abrasion resistance, and absorption determinations, at least ten individual brick shall be selected for lots of 1.000.000 brick or fraction thereof. For larger lots, five additional specimens shall be selected from each addtional 500 000 brick or fraction thereof. Additional specimens may bbe taken at the discretion of the purchaser. 4.22 Structural Clay Tile—For the weight determination and for compressive strength and absorption tests, a least five tile shall be selected from each lot of 250 tons (226.8 Mg) or fraction thereof. For lager lots, five additional specimens shall be tested for each 500 tons (453.6 Mg) or fraction thereof. In no case shall less than five tle be taken. Additional specimens may be taken at the discretion of the purchaser. 43 Identfication—Each specimen shall be marked so that it may be identified at any time. Markings shall cover not more than 5 % of the superficial area of the specimen. 44 Weight Determination 4.4.1 Drying—Dry the test specimens ina ventilated oven at 230 to 239°F (110 to 115°C) for not less than 24h and until two successive weighings at intervals of 2h show an increment of loss not greater than 0.2 % of the last previ- ‘ously determined weight of the specimen. 442 Cooling—Afier drying, cool the specimens in a drying room maintained a a temperature of 15 15°F (24 + 80), with a relative humidity between 30 and 70 %. Store the Units free from drafts, unstacked, with separate place- ment, for a period of at least 4h. Do not use specimens noticeably warm to the touch for any test requiring dry units 4.42.1 An alternative method of cooung the specimens to approximate room temperature may be used as follows Store units, unstacked, with separate placement, in a venti- lated room fora period of 4 h, wth a current of air from an cleciric fan passing over them fora period of atleast 2h 443 Calcuations and Report: 4.43.1 Calculate the weight per unit area of a specimen by dividing the total weight in pounds by the average area in square feet ofthe two faces of the unit as normally lid in a wall 44.3.2 Report results separately for each unit with the average for five units or more 4.5 Removal of Silicone Coatings from Brick Units—The silicone coatings intended to be removed by this process are any of the various polymeric organic silicone compounds used for water-resistant coatings of brick units. Heat the brick at 950 + 50°F (510 = 10°C) in an oxidizing atmosphere40 METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TESTING T32 & cor for a period of not less than 3 h. The rate of heating and cooling shall not exceed 300°F (149°C) per h. ‘5. Modulus of Rupture (Flexure Test) 5.1 Test Specimens—The test specimens shall consist of whole dry full-size units (see 44.1). Five such specimens shall be tested 8.2 Procedure 5.2.1 Support the test specimen flatwise unless specified and reported otherwise (that is, apply the load in the direction ofthe depth of the unit) on a span approximately | in, (25.4 mm) less than the basic unit length and loaded at midspan. If the specimens have recesses (panels or depres- sions) place them so that such recesses are on the compres- sion side. Apply the load to the upper surface of the specimen through a stcel bearing plate Y in. (6.35 ram) in thickness and 1% in. (38.10 mm) in width and of a length at least equal to the width of the specimen 5.2.2. Make sure the supports for the test specimen are free to rotate in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the test specimen and adjust them so that they will exert no force in these directions 5.23 Speed of Testing—The rate of loading shall not exceed 2000 Ib (8896 N)/min. but this requirement may be considered as being met if the speed of the moving head of the testing machine immediately prior to application of the load is not more than 0.05 in. (127 mm/min, 5.3. Calculation and Repor: 5.3.1 Calculate the modulus of rupture of each specimen as follows: Se Wup ~ x ba? where S- = modulus of rupture of the specimen at the plane of failure, jin. (Pa), W = maximum load indicated by the testing machine, Ibf ), stance between the supports, in. (mm), net width, (face to face minus voids), ofthe specimen at the plane of failure, in. (ram), d= depth, (bed surface to bed surface) of the specimen at the plane of failure, in. (mm), and Xx = average distance from the midspan of the specimen to the plane of failure measured in the direction of the span along the centerline of the bed surface subjected 10 tension, in. (mm). 5.3.2 Report ‘the average of the modulus of rupture determinations of all the specimens tested as the modulus of rupture of the lot. 6. Compressive Strength 6.1 Test Specimens: 6.1.1 Brick—The test specimens shall consist of dry half brick (see 4.4.1), the full height and width of the unit, with a length equal to ‘one half the full length of the unit’ 1 in, (25.4 mm), except as described below. If the test specimen, described above, exceeds the testing machine capacity, the test specimens shall consist of dry pieces of brick, the full height and width of the unit, with a length not less than one quarter of the full length of the unit, and with a gross ‘cross-sectional area perpendicular to bearing not less than 14 in? (90.3 em’), Test specimens shall be obtained by any ‘method that will produce, without shattering or cracking, a specimen with approximately plane and parallel ends. Five specimens shall be tested 6.1.2 Structural Clay Tile—Test five dry til specimens in «bearing bed length equal tothe width + 1 in. (25.4 mm); or test full-size units. 62 Capping Test Specimens: 62.1 All specimens shall be dry and cool within the meaning of 4.4.1 and 4.4.2 before any portion of the capping procedure is caried out. 6.22 If the surface which will become bearing surfaces during the compression test are recessed or paneled, fill the depressions with a mortar composed of | part by weight of

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