Spencer Redmond

Research and Tech

Jan Lee
Annotated Bibliography
Why are performance enhancing drugs illegal in Major League Baseball?
1.)
Radomski, K. (2009). Bases Loaded: The Inside Story of the Steroid Era in Baseball
by the Central Figure in the Mitchell Report. Hudson Street Press.
This book that was written by Kirk Radomski and it talks about his life working
in a Major League clubhouse and how the use of steroids are not an uncommon thing
around baseball. This relates to my topic because its about steroid use in baseball. There
is no bias in this book it just ones mans opinion on the game of baseball with steroids. On
page 211 Kirk, the author of the book, asked a player, Glenallen Hill, if he had used
performance enhancing drugs and he replied with yes but they did not work properly. The
source is up to date. The book was published in 2009 so its somewhat current.
This book would be written for an audience who loves baseball and reading about
how things worked back in the time of Pete Rose. This also would be helpful to anyone
that is writing about or researching for the topic of steroid use in major league baseball.
Kirk has been around baseball and worked in the New York Mets clubhouse. I agree that
everything said in this book is very well supported. I dont know of any other credentials
this writer has other than being an author to this book. I would give this book a 5. I would
love to read about what a man who has been on the inside has to say about such a big
topic like PEDs and from working for the Mets I bet he knows a lot about penalties and
what could happen to ones career.

2.)

Lemyre, P. (2004). Cheating in sport. In C. Spielberger (Ed.), Encyclopedia of

applied psychology. Oxford, United Kingdom: Elsevier Science & Technology.
Retrieved from
http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/estappliedpsyc/cheating_in_sport/0
This article is about Cheating in Sports per say or using performance
enhancing drugs to gain the upper edge in a specific sport. This article gives us
examples of what cheating is, how people or athletes cheat in there sport, the
motivations that they have to lead them to cheating and how your body and
personality changes because of how you cheated.
The source would be for someone my age or older because we are able to
understand what they mean in the article when they say performance enhancing so
yes it is appropriate. This source relates to my topic because using performanceenhancing drugs is cheating in a sport and that is what they are talking about. It
tells me that there are many forms of cheating in baseball but PEDs are the
biggest concern. There is no bias in my article. They writer wants us to understand
that cheating is not good in an circumstance whether its through drugs or other
substances. Yes everything the author says its backed up either by a chart
explained what he said or backed up from other references. It is not up to date but
it is very relevant because it explains where PEDs all began and how they began
to affect players. There are no other qualifications from my author other than that
this article came from Oxfrod University in the UK. I would rate it a 3 just

because it has everything that I need to have to support my information but it

doesnt tell me much about the writer where he is from or what he does.

3.) Dickey, J. (2014). The Persecution of Alex Rodriguez. Time, 183(3), 23.

This article is about Alex Rodriguez and everything he went through as a

player who used performance-enhancing drugs. It goes on to explain to us about
what will happen when Alex receives his full season ban which include: missing
out on checks, missing out on at-bats, and being at least 100 homeruns behind
Barry Bonds record.
This article is perfect for my topic because it gives me accurate information
on a player whom I know and watch, and what he went through after being caught
with PEDs. This source relates to my topic because Alex was a big part in the use
of PEDs and him being banned for a year of baseball made for a big story for
everyone to learn about how bad PEDs are. There are no biased opinions in my
article. The author really supports his detail one because everyone knows about
Alex Rodriguez and what he has done. This source is up to date. Its a good source
because it actually talks about someone who I know about, and what he went
through after being caught with PEDs. The author writes for Time magazine that
is all I know about his qualifications. I give this article a 5 because it tells me who
got in trouble using PEDs and gives us a background story on what happened.
4.)

Brisbee, G. (2015 April 3). The face of performance-enhancing drugs in Major

League Baseball. Retrieved from
http://www.sbnation.com/mlb/2015/4/3/8339207/mlb-peds-steroids-arodysvizcaino
This article is about who could be the face of performance-enhancing
drugs? It gives me a list of players that have used PEDs and it talks about what
they have gone through and the consequence process.
This article works perfect and it suitable for my paper because it gives me a
list of players who have done PEDs and what happened to them. This relates to
my topic because no a days players in the MLB are getting caught more and more
for the use of PEDs. The attended audience for this article would be the general
public or baseball lovers who want to keep up on the latest news. There is no bias
to this article; it is just all facts about players and what had happened. All his
information is backed up by evidence from the Braves organization. The source is
up to date. I do not know the qualifications of my writer only that he writes for SB
nation. I would give this article a 3 for the fact that I want to know more about my
writer, where he is getting his information and where he stands with the use of
PEDs.

5.)
Woerner, A. (2016 August 6). MLB players Use of Performance Enhancing
Drugs Comes With Serious Health Risks. Retrieved from

http://www.foxnews.com/health/2013/08/06/mlb-players-use-performanceenhancing-drugs-comes-with-serious-health-risks.html
This article talks about who had been banned from baseball for using PEDs
and what major health risks could come with taking performance-enhancing drugs.
There are serious health risks that come with using PEDs that include damaging
the heart and liver because of how much testosterone the body uses while on these
metabolic steroids.
The intended audience for this article would be any baseball lover or people
who want to know about the risks of PEDs. This relates to my topic because it
talks about what MLB players have used the drugs. There is no bias in my article
it just talks about what the drug is, who used it, and the risks. There is another
writer or other outside source that backs up everything she has put in her article.
The source is up to date within the last year and is a good source because with
using the PEDs it also gives us the side affects. I dont know any other
qualifications of my writer except that she writes for Fox News. I will give this
article a 4 out of 5 because I would like to know more about the writer, but she
does a very good job in her article talking about PEDs and the negative side
affects it has on people.

6.)

Hayes, S. (2014 August 10). Mark Bocek You Cant Call PED Abuse Cheating
When Everyone Is Doing It. Retrieved from
http://www.bloodyelbow.com/2014/8/10/5989667/ufc-mark-bocek-you-cant-callped-abuse-cheating-when-everyone-is-doing-it.
This source is about a fighter who had retired after his last fight because of
his major use of PED use and how it has affected him. He goes one to explain to
us that the use of PED in the sport of MMA is common and its just what the
people use.
I would say this source could help me because everything so far in my
paper is about how PEDs are illegal and how people who use them in the Major
Leagues will get suspended or worse if tested positive. The intended audience for
this article would be for people like me. People who are looking for answers and
what PEDs are all about and how the uses of them are either good or bad. I dont
know if Stephanie has any more credentials other than writing for SB nation. I
would say this article has a bias and it is that PEDs are useful.

7.)
Lenehan, P. (2003). Anabolic Steroids and Other Performance Enhancing
Drugs. Taylor and Francis Inc.
This is a great book that I could use for my article because it gives me
information on what anabolic steroids and what performance-enhancing drugs
really are. The introduction talks about anabolic steroids, then it goes on by

chapter first giving me history of the steroid, the medical aspects of the steroid, the
sporting perspective, and lastly the regimes, counterfeits, and profiles of the
steroid.
The book was published in 2004 but I feel like it could be really helpful to
use in my research topic because of the information it gives me. It does not
necessarily tell me who used the steroids but it tells me why and what reason they
used the steroid. The intended audience I say would be people doing research or
even people who are going through medical school. I dont know the credentials to
this author but I am sure he is somewhere in the medical field given all the
information in the book has to come from a medical standpoint.

8.)
Verducci, T. (2013 October 24). To Cheat or Not To Cheat. Retrieved from
http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2012/magazine/05/29/baseball.steroids
/index.html.
This article written by Sports Illustrated writer Tom Verducci, to
tell a story of four pitchers in the Minnesota Twins Organization who
were drafted late in MLB draft. These pitchers came to realize that they
were not big enough or had the velocity to make it in the MLB so they
turned to performance-enhancing drugs. One pitcher too these drugs,
which in turn made him, gain fifty pounds and gain ten miles an hour
on his fastball, which would put him at 100mph. This raised some

questions and later he was tested and tested positive for PEDs which
in turn drove his career into the ground.
The intended audience would be for ones who love sports.
Sports Illustrated reaches out all the way from kids to adults and it lets
the reader keep up with information on professional athletes. I know
that Tom Verducci is a writer for sports illustrated and is also
incorporated with ESPN. This is a great article because it gives us a
reason to why the athletes take the drugs, and in return if they get
caught the repercussions it has on their future.

9.)
Savulescu, J. Foddy, B. Clayton, M. (N.d.) Why Should We Allow
Performance Enhancing Drugs In A Sport. British Journal of
Sports Medicine, 38 (6). DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2003.005249.
Retrieved from http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/38/6/666.full
This article from the British Journal of Sports medicine is filled
with information on performance- enhancing drugs. It gives us the ins
and outs of why the drug is good and why it is bad. It gives us many
topics like children, test for health not drugs and many more headlines
that give us information on the use of PEDs in a sport.
This article is very helpful because it tells me something about
PEDs that I havent already read. All I read about is how you shouldnt
take it, or how it should be banned from sports but this journal article

gives me insight on why it should not be banned. Three journal authors

wrote it and they are all writers for the British Journal of Sports
Medicine. Everything that is said in this article is backed up or have
come from other scholarly articles given in the citations below the
articles. I dont know when it was published or if it is up to date but it is
very helpful article that I would give a 5 on.

10.)
Green, G. (2001). NCAA Study of Substance Use and Abuse
Habits of College Student-Athletes. 11(1), 51-56. Retrieved
from
http://journals.lww.com/cjsportsmed/Abstract/2001/01000/NCAA_Study
_of_Substance_Use_and_Abuse_Habits_of.9.aspx
The objective is to find out how many substance users and the patterns
of the athletes who use them in the NCAA. They tested for many
different kinds of drugs other than just steroids. They did testing in all
three divisions in the NCAA and found that alcohol was the highest
abuse at eighty-five percent. Division three had the highest abuse rate
for most drugs, and they found that Caucasian student athletes has the
highest abuse rate of smokeless tobacco, alcohol, ephedrine, and
marijuana. This is strictly research found in a twelve-month study,
done by the NCAA.

I think this article is very useful for the facts that if we focus on
professional athletes and lose sight on the younger generation who
want to become professional they will also fall into the drug habit. I
dont just mean steroids but in college any drug can ruin a career but
steroids can be the biggest cause. I dont know if this article is up to
date but I know that the writer writes for the NCAA. There is no bias in
this article it is just helpful to know that they are cracking down in the
NCAA as well.