Herzbergs

Motivation-Hygiene
(Two Factor)
Theory
IE 31
LEMUEL TEH

Frederick Herzberg

April 18, 1923 January 19, 2000

PhD, University of Pittsburgh
Known in American business circles
for introducing the idea of job
enrichment and MotivationHygiene Theory
Augmented Maslows Hierarchy of
Needs by proposing the latter
Done the latter after interviewing
203 engineers and accountants

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The Man behind the Theory

About the Theory

The Two-Factor Theory states that there
is a certain set of factors that cause
satisfaction in the workplace, while a
separate set causes dissatisfaction
Satisfaction is mostly affected by the
motivators. These factors help
increase satisfaction.
Dissatisfaction stems from the absence
of hygiene factors. Their presence has
little effect on long-term satisfaction.
[External Factors = KITA]

Motivators:
Work itself, responsibility
Recognition
Achievement
Advancement
Personal Growth
Promotion
Hygiene factors:
Pay benefits
Working conditions
Job security
Quality of supervision
Company Policy
Relationships with Co-Workers

Additional Notes
*Note: Herzberg reasoned
that because the factors
causing satisfaction are
different from those causing
dissatisfaction, the two
feelings cannot simply be
treated as opposites of one
another.

Despite its wide acceptance, the theory has its

detractors. Some say its methodology does not
address the notion that, when things are going
well, people tend to look at the things they enjoy
about their job. When things are going badly,
however, they tend to blame external factors.
Another common criticism is the fact that the
theory assumes a strong correlation between job
satisfaction and productivity. Herzberg's
methodology did not address this relationship,
therefore this assumption needs to be correct for
his findings to have practical relevance.