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Lvwj
Dmjj wdKn
wdKn kvi gjbxwZ
cv_wgKfve ejv hvq Dmjj wdKn (
) Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm ev
wfw wbq AvjvPbv Ki| Aek bij Avbvqvi M jLK kL
Avng` Beb Ave mvC` (whwb gvjv wihIqvb bvg LvZ Ges mgvU
AvIiRei MnwkK) DjL Kib h, GK`j AvBbwe`i gZ Dmjj
wdKn Bmjvgx AvBb I AvBbi Drm `Uv welq wbqB AvjvPbv Ki|
Dmjj wdKn [Dmj (
) njv AvQj (
)-Gi eePb] njv Bmjvgx
AvBbi wfw| GB kvi gvag Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm _K AvBb
cYqbi cwZ evLv Kiv nq| GB A_ Dmj njv cwZ Ges wdKn
njv Gi DcRvZ ev dj| mZivs Dmjj wdKn njv Bmjvgx AvBb ev
kwiqvni gjbxwZ (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence)|
Dmj wdKn Bmjvgx AvBbi cv_wgK Drm KiAvb I mbvn wbq
AvjvPbv Kiv nq| A_vr Dmj KiAvb I mbvni ewk wbq chvjvPbv
Ki Ges KiAvb I mbvn _K AvBb cYqb cwZ eYbv Ki| AvBb
cYqb cwZ evLv KiZ Dmj KiAvb I mbvni wewfb k weklfve
Ges Aviwe fvlv mvaviYfve chvjvPbv Ki _vK|
Dmjj wdKn (
) Bmjvgx AvBbi gvawgK Drm wbqI
chvjvPbv Ki _vK| hgb
BRgv ( mwZ),
wKqvm (
mv`kZvi AvjvK wmv MnY),
BmwZnmvb (
AvBbMZ cvavb) Ges
BRwZnv` (
MelYv I hwi cqvM)|
AvBb cYqbi GmKj gvawgK Drm Aek cZ ev civfve KiAvb
I mbvni Dci wbfikxj| D`vniY^ic ejv hvq, wKqvmi wZbwU gj
Dcv`vb AvQj (gj NUbv), Kg (AvQji cwZ ivq) Ges Bjvn
(KvhKi KviY) cv_wgK Drmi Dci wbfikxj| Dmjj wdKn Bmjvgx
(BKvj 747 wn.), ZvRDwb Avj mewK (BKvj 771 wn.) Ges Bgvg
Avj kvwZwe () cgL|
cv_wgKfve Dmj cvVi `Uv aviv weKvk jvf Ki ZvwK I Avivnx|
ZvwK cwZi weKvk NU Bgvg kvwdCi gvag whwb mmsefve
KwZcq bxwZ cYqb Kib Ges Zvi wfwZ BRwZnv` Kib Ges dZvqv
`b| Abw`K cv_wgK nvbvdx cwZMY KiAvb I mbvni wfwZ
dZvqv `b Ges m me dZvqvq hme bxwZ AbmiY Kiv nqwQj Zvi
wfwZ Dmj cYqb Kib| hvnvK, cieZx cwZMY `Uv avivK
mgw^Z Kib Ges eZgvb GB mgw^Z aviv cPwjZ iqQ|
KiAvb
Dmji KwZcq civbv ^xKZ M (hgb kL Avng` Beb Ave mvC`
iwPZ bij Avbvqvi ev kL Avej evivKvZ Beb Avng` bvmvwd iwPZ
gvbvi Mq) Dmji ewkifvM Ask nQ wKZvejvn A_vr KiAvb
wkivbvgi Aaxb| G wkivbvgi Aaxb AvjvwPZ welqmgn njv
KiAvbi ki kwYwebvm (A_ev Aviwe fvlv), KiAvb I mbvni
evLvi cqvRb cqvRbxq Aviwe evKiY|
AvjvP M KiAvb Aavq Aviwe fvlv ev evKiY AvjvwPZ ne bv|
eis KwZcq AvawbK Dmj wekli Av`j evLvi cwZ GB
wkivbvgi Aaxb KiAvb I nvw`mi k evLv I kwYwebvmi cwZ
wbq AvjvPbv ne| AvMnx cvVKi cwZ Abiva iBj Zviv hb Aviwe
fvlv I evKiY wfbfve cvV Ki bq| AvjvP cwiQ` KiAvbi
KwZcq ewk I Gi fwgKv wbq chvjvPbv Kiv ne|
KiAvb njv Ggb M hv Avjvni evYx wnme ivmj gvnv` (m.)-Gi
wbKU bvwRj nqQ| KiAvb gvU 114wU Amg AvqZbi miv iqQ
Ges mivwji mwP welqvbmvi web bq| Avjvni evYx ev Iwn `B
cKvi| h_v Iwn Rvwni Ges Iwn evwZb|
Iwn Rvwni (
cKvk Iwn): KiAvb cKvk Iwni (Iwn Rvwni)
mgw hv Avjvni fvlvq gvbli mv_ Zvi mivmwi hvMvhvM|
Iwn evwZb (
AcKvk Iwn): Iwn evwZb (AcKvk Iwn) Iwn
Rvwni _K wfb GB A_ h Iwn evwZb AbciYvwfwK| ivmj (m.)Gi nvw`m Iwn evwZb chvqf|
nvw`m K`wm: hLvb AvjvnK ivmj (m.) DZ KiQb, hv KiAvbi
chvqf bq, cKZc GmKj nvw`mi mb` (nvw`m eYbvKvix`i
AvbwgK) h_v_ wKbv Zv hvPvB mvc welq| hw` mb` (AvbwgK)
`ej _vK Ze nvw`mwU `ej ej weewPZ ne hw`I nvw`mwU nvw`m
K`wm chvqf nq| GwU DjL Kiv cqvRb h ivmj (m.) nvw`m K`wm
I Abvb nvw`mi ga cv_K wbicY Kib wb|
mbvn
Aviwe fvlvq mbvn ki kvwK A_ njv c`wP (beaten track) ev
AvPiYi cwZwZ aviv| Bmjvgce Avieiv mbvn k viv cvPxb A_ev
cPwjZ AbkvmbK eSvZv| nvw`mi Avjg`i gZ ivmj (m.) nZ
ewYZ ee, Kg Ges bxie mwZ GB wZbi mgwB njv mbvn| Dmj
ev AvBbkv AvBbi Drm wnme mbvn kwUi eenvi `Lv hvq|
D`vniY njv ivmj (m.)-Gi we`vq nR Ges gqvR Beb Rvjvj (iv.)K Bqvgb cvVvbvi eYbvq|
AvBbZ mbvn kwUi mPbv nq wnRwi c_g kZKi kl| DjL Kiv
`iKvi h wZxq kZKi klva Bgvg kvwdC mbvn kwU ivmj (m.)Gi mbvnZ mxgvwqZ Ki `b| Dmjj wdKnZ mbvnK kwiqvni wZxq
Drm wnme evSvbv nq KiAvbi ci hvi vb| wK wdKvni
Ijvgv`i KvQ mbvn ejZ cv_wgKfve kwiqZi mB AskK evSvq
hv Aek KiYxq chvqf bq, Ze Zv gv`e ev Abgvw`Z chvqf| G
welq Kg kiqx Aavq `Lb| wK kwiqZi Drm wnme mbvn Kvbv
wKQK IqvwRe, nvivg ev gvKin ej NvlYv KiZ cvi| mvaviY
eenvi mbvn Ges nvw`m Dfq kB ivmj (m.)-Gi AvPiYi mgv_K
wnme eeZ nq| mbvn Kvbv wKQ cwZvi Rb GKwU cgvY
(vn)| KiAvb mv `q h, mbvn Avjvni wbKU _K ciYvgjK
(KiAvb, 53:3)| KiAvb ivmj (m.)-K gvbZ wb`k KiQ (KiAvb,
4:59, 4:80, 33:36, 59:7)| ivmj (m.)-K wePviK gvbZ Avjvn
wekvmx`iK Av`k w`qQb|
GK aibi kwYwebvm Abhvqx mbvnK wZbfvM fvM Kiv hvq:
KvDwj ( ) gwLK DPviY,
dBwj ( ) eve Kg Ges
ZvKwiwi (
) bxie Abgv`b|
wewaMZ Ges AwewaMZ mbvn G `B fvMI mbvnK fvM Kiv hvq|
Rvwni (
),
bvm ( ),
gdvm&mvi ( ) Ges
gn&Kvg ( )|
Rvwni ( ): Rvwni njv mB aibi k hvi A_ Ges _nxb,
Z_vwcI Zvweji Rb Db Kb bv GmKj ki A_ cmi mv_
mvgmkxj bq|
bvm ( ): bvm njv _nxb k Ges cmi mv_ mvgmkxj|
GwUI Zvweji Rb Db|
Rvwni Avi bvm kqi ga cv_K wbfi Ki DwjwLZ kwUi A_
cmi mv_ mvgmkxj wK-bv wKsev kwUi A_ gL bv MY Zvi
Dci| Rvwni Avi bvm kmgni A_ MnY KiZ ne| wdKn kv
bvm kwUi ce AvjvwPZ A_i evBi AviKwU iZcY A_ eenvi
Kiv nq, hvi A_ KiAvb Ges mbvni wbw` cvV (Text)| GLvb Aek
G A_ bvm kwU eeZ nq wb|
gdvm&mvi (
) Ges gnKvg ( ): gdvm&mvi (_nxb) Ges gnKvg
(cvj) k ejZ mme kmgnK evSvq hv mvweKfve Ges
G Zvweji Avkqi cqvRb nq bv| Rvwni Avi bvm kmgni
mv_ gdvm&mvi Avi gnKvg kqi cv_K GLvbB| Zvi w`K _K
gdvm&mvi Avi gnKvg kqi gvS Kvbv cv_K bB| Ze
AvBbwe`iv kqi ga wfbZv Avivc KiQb bvmL (
)-Gi
cwZ| Gi BsiwR cwZk njv Abrogation ev cwieZb-cwieab
wKsev mshvRb-weqvRb| AvBbwe``i gZ gnKvg bvmLhvM bq, Avi
gdvm&mvi bvmLhvM| Ze G cv_Ki Le GKUv cvqvwMKZv bB| Kb
bv GLb bZb Ki Avi bvmLi AeKvk bB|
A k: A k (
Avj AvjdvR MvBi Iqvw`nvn)
Pvi kwYf| h_v:
Lvwd ( `eva),
gkwKj (
Avqvmmva),
gRgvj (
msw A_evaK) Ges
gZvkvwen (
RwUj I cQb)|
Lvwd ( ): Lvwdi D`vniY njv mvwiKv ( Pwi) kwU AvswkKfve
10
11
12
13
Av`k, wblavv I i`
Av`k (
): Av`kK msvwqZ Kiv hZ cvi DaZb KZci
wbKU _K Aatb KZci wbKU wKQ Kivi gwLK `vwe wnme|
Av`k bvbvb aibi nZ cvi| Av`k gvbB G KZZi ebv
_vKe| Aviwe ixwZ Abhvqx wKQ wbQK AZxZKvj ewYZ Kvbv
ee Kvbv wKQ Kievi Rb Av`k wnme weewPZ nZ cvi
(KiAvb, 2:178)| bwZK Acivai wb`v wnmeI KiAvvbi Kg
bvwRj nZ cvi (KiAvb, 2:189)| KiAvbi Av`k Kvbv civi I
kvwi cwZkwZ c`vb wnmeI AvmZ cvi (KiAvb, 4:10-14)|
iZcY ck njv, GKwU Av`k wK _vK? Av`k cvjb wK
evaZvgjK, mcvwikgjK A_ev aB AbgwZ bvwK Av`k viv Gi meB
eSvq? AwaKvski gZ Av`k viv evaevaKZvB evSvbv nq hw` bv
G Ab wKQ Kivi mhvM _vK| KD KD ejZ Pvb h, Av`ki
viv a evaevaKZv Ges mcvwik wb`k Ki| Ab AbK ejb Av`k
viv a KvbvwKQ Kivi AbgwZ evSvq| cwivifve ejZ Mj
ejZ nq, AwaKvski gZvgZB h_v_ Ges hwK| A_vr Av`k viv
gjZ evaevaKZv evSvq, ewZg Qvov|
Av`k viv Kvbvmgq AbgwZ (Permission) evSvZ cvi|
D`vniY^ic ejv hvq, KiAvb hLb ejv nq LvI Ges cvb Ki
(KiAvb, 7:31), ZLb eYbv _K aviYv cvIqv hvq h GwU wbQKB
AbgwZ| Abic D`vniY cvIqv hvq KiAvbi 5:2 bs Ges 62:10 bs
AvqvZ| wKQ Av`k viv mcvwik Kiv nqQ| hgb KiAvbi
2:282 bs AvqvZ| ^msLK Av`k viv gwK c`kb Kiv
nqQ| hgb Kvbv wekl wKQ KvR _K weiZ _vKevi Dc`k
msewjZ AvqvZ (KiAvb, 24:33) Ges Av`k viv Ave`b ev cv_bv
evSvZ cvi (KiAvb, 2:286)| hvnvK, Av`k viv gjZ
evaevaKZvK wb`k Kiv nq (diR, IqvwRe)| GwU wbfi Ki cvV Ges
Gi A_ `UvB KvZC wKsev KvZC wKbv Zvi Dci|
14
MQ| bvm&Lj Kwg IqvZ wZjvIqvn ejZ evSvq cvV Ges weavb
DfqB evwZj nq MQ| Dcii wZbwU kwYKiYi ga bvm&Lj Kgi
wKQ wfw AvQ wK evwK `Uvi wfw LeB `ej| mvBq` Avej Avjv
gI``x Zvi ivmvqj Iqv gvmvqj M DjL KiQb Kb bvm&Lj
wKivAvn MnYhvM bq|
bvm&L ( ) Ges ZvLwmmi (mvaviY cvVi weklvqY A_ev Yvivc)
ga cv_K AvQ| ZvLwmm bvm&L bq| GUv nQ AvgK weklvwqZ
Kiv| AviKwU wePvh welq njv ZvwR` (mshvRb) evwZjhvM wKbv?
AwaKvski gZ Di njv bv, Ges G gZB h_v_|
mevcwi Avwg gb Kwi GB mKj welq W. Ave`j nvwg` Ave mjgvbi
AwfgZ weePbvi `vwe ivL|
15
BRgv
Aviwe k AvRAvgv-Gi wekl ic njv BRgv ( )| kwUi `Uv
A_ AvQ| c_gZ, Kvbv welq wmv MnY Kiv Ges wZxqZ gZK
cQvbv| KiAvb I mbvni ci BRgvK Bmjvgx kwiqZi ZZxq cgvY
ev mv wnme weePbv Kiv nq| BRgv kwiqZi hwK mv| GK
A_ev KwZcq wekl KZK MnxZ BRwZnv` ev evLv hLb
mveRbxbfve MnxZ nq Zv-B BRgv|
Dmji weklMY BRgvi h evLv c`vb KiQb Zv njv gmwjg
weki mKj wekl Kvbv welq mvweKfve HKgZ cvlY Kij Zv
Pov BRgv ej weewPZ ne| cv_wgK hMi DmwjDb`i gZ GKgv
GBic Pov BRgvB mKji Rb evaZvgjK| hvnvK, Gic mvweK
BRgvi NUbv LeB weij| Kvbv wbw` welq hv BRwZnv` ev Zvweji
Rb Db m BRgvi NUbv NUv cKZB `i|
wekliv BRgvi h D`vniYjv Zj aib Zv njv mvnvweMY KZK
MnxZ BRgv| Dmji AwaKvsk Ijvgv gb Kib h BRgv ` (``)
Bev`vn I AvwK`v msv welq nZ cvi| c_g BRgv MnxZ nq
mvnvwe`i gvS| wKQ welq gmwjg Dvni gvS GKZv eRvq ivLevi
Rb cv_wgK chvq BRgv mnvqZv Ki| Kvbv weavbi KZZ BRgvi
gvag ewcv nq| Kvbv wbw` mgq Kvbv welq Avjg`i gvS
HKgZ BRgvi Rb cqvRbxq| H mgqi mKj Ijvgv cwivi
gZvgZi ga w`q mwZ c`vb Kie| mKj gRZvwn`i mwZi
wfwZB BRgv cwZwZ, hw`I AbK gb Kib mKj bq AwaKvski
mwZZB BRgv cwZwZ ne|
AwaKvski mwZ kwiqvn AvBbi GKwU `wjj nZ cvi wK Zv
evaZvgjK bq| Kbbv evaZvgjK BRgvi Rb nvw`m hmKj kZi
DjL AvQ Zv ciY nZ ne (mKj gvbli BRgv, wb`bc mKj
wekli mwZ)|
mKj IjvgvB gb Kib h BRgv cwZvi ^c cvVMZ (Textual) h
16
wKqvm
kvwK A_ wKqvm ejZ evSvq Kvbv wKQi evw, IRb A_ev
Yvejxi cwigvcKiY A_ev wbwZKiY| wKqvm ejZ Aviv evSvq
`Uv `ei ga mvg Ges mv`k cwZv KiZ Zjbv Kiv| Dmji
fvlvq wKqvm njv gj NUbv ( Avmj) _K bZb NUbvZ (
dvi) kwiqvn AvBbi mcmviY, KviY bZb NUbvi KvhKviY (BjvZ)
Avmj NUbvi Abic|
wKqvmi iZvivci welq njv gj NUbv Ges bZb NUbvi gvS
mvaviY KviY LR ei Kiv| wKqvmi gvag MwVZ AvBbK AvBbwe`iv
bZb AvBb wnme weePbv Kib bv| hvnvK, mKj eve cqvRb
wewfb welq wKqvm bZb AvBbi gZvB|
wKqvm AvBbwe``i viv DvweZ GK aibi cwZ hvi gvag bZb
MwVZ AvBb KiAvb I mbvni wbKUeZx nq| KviY GmKj bZb
AvBb h KvhKviYi (BjvZ) Dci wfw Ki Mo DVQ Zv KiAvb I
mbvni weavb _K DvweZ|
wKqvmK hw` cqvM Kiv bv nZv Ze bZb iwPZ AvBb KiAvb I
mbvn _K Aviv `i Pj hZ| GwUB wKqvmi h_v_Zvi hw|
wKqvm njv hwK gZev` (KviY ewew evcKfve BjvZ AlY
eeZ nq)| wK wKqvm ewMZ gZvgZ (ivq) Iwni ekZv ^xKvi
Ki (KiAvb I mbvn _K BjvZ DvweZ nq)| wKqvm KiAvb wKsev
mbvni Kvbv AvBb cwieZb Ki bv| wKqvm GKwU cwZ| wKqvmK
AvBbwe`iv GB A_ ^xKwZ w`qQb h kwiqvni weavb KwZcq Dk
(
gvKvwm`) AbmiY Ki hv hwi mv_ mvgmcY| Rvwnwi
(
) AvjgMY wKqvmK MnY Kib wb| wK AwaKvsk Avjg
wKqvmi evcvi h_v_ wmv MnY KiQb|
wKqvm wbqZv c`vb Ki bv| wKqvm ZvB Abgvb wbfi| KiAvb I mbvn
_K MnxZ AvBbi Abic KZZ wKqvm _K MnxZ AvBbi bB|
wKqvmi gvag MnxZ AvBbi evcvi bvbviKg gZ AvQ, hgb
17
dvi ( )
(bZb welq)
PZbvbvkK
gv`K
BjvZ ( )
(ivqi KviY)
gv`KZv
Kg ( )
(ivq)
wblavv
18
19
mvnvwe`i dZvqv
kwiqvn msv welq mvnvwe`i dZvqv LeB iZcY Ges mevP
weePbvi `vwe ivL| KviY njv mvnvweiv ivmj (m.)-Gi AwZ wbKUeZx
wQjb Ges Zv`i vb mivmwi ivmj (m.) _K MnxZ nqwQj| Ze
mvnvwe ejZ Kv`i evSvbv ne Zv wbq gZvbK AvQ| AwaKvski
gZ wekvmx hvivB ivmj (m.)-Gi mv_ mvvr KiQb Zviv mKjB
mvnvwei ghv`vf| msLvjwNi gZ Kvbv ewK mvnvwei ghv`v
cZ nj mnevZ (
msmMi avivevwnKZv) GKwU cqvRbxq
Dcv`vb| `Uv gZiB hwKZv AvQ Ges KvbvwUKB AMvn Kivi
Dcvq bB| Kvbv ew mvnvwe wKbv Zv cwZv cZ cvi Ab Kvbv
mvnvwei mZvqb ev mv`vbi gvag ev wbR KZK `vwei gvag
(G mB ewwUK mZev`x nZ ne)|
mvnvwe`i dZvqv ejZ Zv`i gZvgZK evSvq hv Kvbv mvnvwe
BRwZnv`i gvag DcbxZ nqQb| mvnvwe`i dZvqv cieZx
eskai`i Rb cvgvY| G welq wZbwU gZvgZ AvQ|
c_g gZ njv GwU Aekvex cgvY| G gZcxiv KiAvbi 3:110 I
9:100 bs AvqvZqK Ges Avgvi Abmvixiv ZviKvi gZv I Avgvi
mvnvwe`iK mvb Ki nvw`mqK DjL Kib| G gZi Abmvix
njb Bgvg gvwjK| Bgvg kvwdC Ges Avng` web nv^jKI G gZi
^c DjL Kiv nq| G gZi weivax hviv Zviv ejZ Pvb GmKj Dw
viv mvnvwe`i ghv`vi DjL Kiv nqQ| mvnvwe`i Av`k gvbv
evaZvgjK Zvi ^c GmKj cgvY KvZC chvqf mv bq|
wZxq gZ njv, mvnvwe`i BRwZnv` kwiqvni Kvbv cgvY bq Ges
cieZx eskai`i Rb Zvi AbmiY evaZvgjK bq| nvbvdx AvBbwe`
Avej nvmvb Avj KviwL, Bgvg Avng` (Zvi GK gZvbmvi), Avkvwi Ges
gZvwRjv wekliv G gZ aviY Kib| G gZcxiv hw `b h h
AvqvZ viv BRwZnv`K evaZvgjK Kiv nqQ Zv hvM mKji Rb
chvR| GLvb mvnvwe wK mvnvwe bq Zvi ga cv_K wbicY Kiv
20
BmwZnmvb
BmwZnmvb (AvBbMZ AMvwaKvi):
kvwK A_ BmwZnmvb (
) njv Kvbv wKQK AMvwaKvi `qv|
AvBbMZ A_ BmwZnmvb njv AvBbi kvwK cqvM _K DfZ
KVviZv Ges A^QZv cwinvi Kivi cwZ| aviYvMZ w`K _K
BmwZnmvb cwgv AvBb eeZ mvg (Equity) ki KvQvKvwQ| cwgv
AvBb mvg kwU cvKwZK AvBbi Dci wfw Ki Mo DVQ, wK
BmwZnmvb Mo DVQ Iwni gj mii Dci wfw Ki|
BmwZnmvb kwiqvn nZ ^vaxb bq eis kwiqvniB GKwU AweQ` Ask|
mgvRi cwieZbkxj cqvRbxqZvi Pvwn`v gUvbvi Rb BmwZnmvb
AvBbi GKwU Acwinvh Ask| nvbvdx, gvwjKx Ges nv^jx gvRnvei
AvBbwe` KZK BmwZnmvb ^xKwZ cqQ| Avevi kvwdC, wkqv Ges
Rvwnix gvRnvei AvBbwe` KZK BmwZnmvb ^xKwZ cvqwb| hvnvK,
eveZv njv AwaKvsk Ijvgv KZK BmwZnmvb ^xKZ|
BmwZnmvbi D`vniY w`Z wMq nRiZ Igi (iv.) KZK `wfi mgq
Pwii Aciva `a AvBb `wZi nvZ KvUvi kvw wMZ Kivi D`vniY
Dcvcb Kiv nq| GLvb GKwU ewZgx cwiwwZZ Bmjvgi GKwU
wbw` AvBbK ewZgx c`c wnme wMZ Kiv nq| GKRb AbZg
AvBbwe` Avj mvivLwm (
) BmwZnmvbK MY Kib Ggb GKwU
cwZ wnme hvi gvag KiAvbi mv_ msMwZ iL AvBbx KgK
mnR Kiv nq (2:185)| W. nvwkg Kvgvwj DjL KiQb mvnvwe Ges
ZvewqMY agv AvwiK AbmiYKvix wQjb bv| cvqB Zv`i c` ivq
kwiqvni gj BQv Ges Dki AvjvK c`vb KiQb Zviv| W. nvwkg
Kvgvwj BmwZnmvbi GKwU bZb D`vniY w`qQb| Bmjvgx AvBb
Kej gwLK mv cgvY wnme weewPZ nq| wK eZgvb wKQ
AvjvKwP, iKWKZ k Ges MelYvMvi KZ weklY AwaKZi
wekvmhvM cgvY wnme eeZ nZ cvi| G BmwZnmvb cwZi
gvag Avgiv mv MnYi gwLK mvi Pq AvawbK cwZK
AwaKZi cvavb w`Z cvwi|
21
gvmjvnv gimvjvn
gvmjvnv gimvjvn (
):
kvwK A_ gvmjvnv (
) A_ DcKvi ev jvf| hLb kwU gvmjvnv
gimvjvn (
) wnme weklvwqZ nq ZLb Gi A_ `vovq AevwiZ
Rb^v_| gvmjvnv gimvjvn BmwZmjvni cwZk Ges GwU gvmjvnv
gZjvKv wnmeI eeZ nq| Bgvg Mvvwj (iv.) gb Kib gvmjvnv
cvPwU welqK aviY Ki hv msiY Ki Rxeb, ag, ewew, esk I
mw Ges G Dcv`vbjv DcKviK msiY Ki Ges nvivgK
cwZiva Ki|
gvmjvnvi wfwZ Zvewqbiv g`v cYqb, RjLvbv vcb Ges LvivR
(LvRbv) Avivc Kivi wmv MnY Kib| Dmjwe`MY BmwZmjvni
evcvi HKgZ nqQb h Bev`Zi welq Ges kwiqvni Kvbv mwbw`
Kgi , hgb DivwaKvi AvBb, BmwZmjvni cqvM bB|
AwaKvsk Ijvgv gb Kib BmwZmjvn AvBb cYqbi GKwU h_v_
cwZ| Avj kvwZwe `Lvb h GwU miv Avj Avw^qvi 107 bs AvqvZi
Dk mvab Ki hLvb ejv nqQ Avgiv ZvgvK RMZevmxi
ingZ ^ic ciY KiwQ| gvmjvnvi mg_b KiAvbi 5:6 AvqvZi
DjL Kiv hvq| AvjgMY gvmjvnvi mg_b wbgv nvw`mmgn DjL
Kib:
1. Bmjvg Kvbv Amweav AvivwcZ ne bv ev mn Kiv ne bv|
2. `Uv weKi ga ivmj (m.) mnRwUK MnY Kib hZY bv GwU
cvci KviY nq|
3. AvjvnZvqvjv Zvi `qv KVvi wewa cvjbi bvq mweavRbK wewaI
gvbl DcfvM KiQ GwU `LZ fvjvevmb|
Dciv DwZmgn GwU wbwZ Ki h, AvnKvg Kvqg Kivi bvg
Kvbv AcqvRbxq KVviZvi Abgv`b bB Ges gmwjg`i DwPZ
kwiqvn c` bgbxqZv Ges mweav MnY Kiv|
22
23
AvPwiZ) GB `B fvM fvM Kiv hvq| KvDwj Did RbMYi gvS gwLK
gZKi mg^q MwVZ| dj cPwjZ A_ gL vb `Lj Ki Ges
kvwK A_ MY vb Pj hvq| wdqwj Did cbtmsNUbkxj Abkxjb hv
RbMY KZK ^xKZ, Zvi mg^q MwVZ nq|
Did KvDwj (
) Ges Did wdqwj (
) `UvB Avevi Aviv
`Uv DcfvM wef:
1. Avj Did Avj Avg (
): mKj vbi RbMY KZK Abkxjb|
2. Avj Did Avj Lvm (
): Kvbv wbw` vb, GjvKv ev `k
cPwjZ Abkxjb|
DidK Aviv `BfvM kwYe Kiv hvq| h_v:
1. Did mvwnn (
) KiAvb I mbvni AvjvK mvwnn|
2. Did Avj dvwm` (
) KiAvb I mbvni AvjvK ea bq|
W. Rvgvj Avj ev`vwe DidK wZb kwYZ fvM KiQb| h_v: BwZevPK,
wbic Ges bwZevPK| BwZevPK Didi D`vniY njv gnvbfeZv
A_ev AvwZ_qZv| wbic Didi D`vniY njv Ggb c_v hv Bmjvgx
AvBb I wkvi weivax bq| W. Rvgvj ev`vwe DjL KiQb h Kvbv
vbxq c_v hw` bwZevPK nq Ze Zv cwinvi Kiv evbxq|
Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm wnme Did Le kKvZi welq| G
Avgv`i DwPZ AwaKvsk eqvR Bmjvgx wekli gZvgZi Dci
wbfi Kiv| KiAvbi 7:199 Ges 22:78 bs AvqvZqi wfwZ Didi
bvhZv ai bqv nq| Ze Gme AvqvZ G KvZC bq| KwZcq
nvw`mI Didi mg_b DjL Kiv nq Ze Gme nvw`mI Didi mg_b
24
mv Avj hvivB
hvwiqv (
) ki eePb hvivB hvi A_ gvag| mv A_ cwZeKZv
Zwi| Dmj kv mv Avj hvivB Gi A_ `vovq cvci gvagK
cwZnZKiY| mv Avj hvivB cvqB eeZ nq hLb Kvbv ea gvagi
viv Aea djvdji mvebv cKvk cvq|
`g KvhKi nIqvi AvMB Zv cwZiva nIqv evbxq GB aviYvi Dci
wfw KiB mv Avj hvivBqi aviYv MwVZ nqQ| KiAvb mv Avj
hvivBqi D`vniY AvQ (2:104, 6:108)| gvag AekB ji
(kwiqvni Dk) mv_ mvgmkxj nZ ne Ges j AekB gvagi
Dci cvavb cve| gvag hw` kwiqvni Dk cwicx KvR Ki Ze
ZvK AekB cwZiva KiZ ne| kwiqvni cvV _K Gi Dk
wPwZ Kiv me|
AvBbwe`iv GKwU mvaviY bxwZ MnY KiQb Zv njv nvivgi
cwZeKZv DcKvi jvfi Dci cvavb cve| hw` Kvbv gvag
cvcK civwPZ Ki Ze Zv AekB cwiZvR| mv Avj hvivBqi
AbgwZ mbvnZI `Lv hvq| hgb nRiZ gnv` (m.) FY`vZvK
FYMnxZvi wbKU _K Dcnvi wbZ eviY KiQb (GUv m` MnYi w`K
civwPZ KiZ cvi)| GKBfve DZi ga msNl nZ cvi G
KviY wZwb gbvwdK`i nZv Kiv wbla Kib| Zgwbfve wZwb
m`ni ek h Kvbv nZv wbwl Kib|
Dci DwjwLZ ee mI Dmji AvjgMY mv Avj hvivBqi
evcvi GKgZ nZ cvibwb| KD KD GUvi ^xKwZ w`qQb Avevi
AbK ^xKwZ `bwb| hvnvK, Bgvg kvwZwei (i.) gZvgZ njv
AwaKvsk IjvgvB mv Avj hvivBK bxwZMZfve MnY KiQb| Ave
hvniviI gZvgZ GKB aibi|
Abvqi w`K civPbvi mvebvi Dci wfw Ki hvivBK PvifvM fvM
Kiv nqQ:
1. mmKj gvag hv wbwZfve cvci w`K civwPZ Ki| GiKg
25
Kg kviC
Kg kviC (
): Kg kviC njv AvBb `vZvi (AvjvncvK ^qs
Ges Avjvni c _K ivmj (m.)) c GKwU `vwe hv gKvjvdi (
hvi Dci AvBb cqvMhvM, GKRb m Ges eq ew) AvPiY
mwKZ, Zvi iZ wK chvqi Zv wK evaZvgjK, cQ`bxq bv gevn,
AcQ`bxq bv nvivg|
hw` `vwewU (Text) AvBb wewae Ki Ze Zv ne Kg Avj ZvKwjwd
(
)| Avj Kg ZvKwjd (
) KgwU wewfb aibi nZ
cvi| h_v diR (
), IqvwRe (
), gv`e (
), gevn ( ),
gvKin () Ges nvivg (
)| AwaKvski gZ diR (
) Ges
IqvwRe (
) cii cwZk| hw` AvBb `vZvi wbKU _K wKQ Kivi
Rb evaZvgjK `vwe _vK ZLb ZvK IqvwRe ej| nvbvdx gvRnve
GwUK diR ejv nq| nvbvdx`i wbKU IqvwRe Ab GK aibi weavb
hvi cvV ev A_i Kvbv GKwU Rvwb chvqf nq| Zviv Kvbv `vweK
ZLbB diR AvLvwqZ Ki hw` cvV Ges Gi A_ DfqB KvZC nq Avi
GK IqvwRe chvqf Ki hw` cvV ev Gi A_i Kvbv GKwU Rvwb
chvqf nq|
Dci DwjwLZ IqvwRe, hv nvbvdx`i wbKU diR Ggb cgvYi wfwZ
MwVZ Kvbv evaZvgjK Av`ki A^xKvi Awekvmi chvq co|
evaZvgjK welqmgn wbgv chvq kwYf Kiv hvq:
1. IqvwRe AvBb (
mKj gKvjvdi Dci ewMZ
evaevaKZv) Ges IqvwRe wKdvqv (mwwjZ evaevaKZv, mgvRi
GKvski viv mvw`Z njB h_)|
2. IqvwRe gIqvvZ (
mgqmxgv viv mxgve, hgb bvgvR Ges
ivRv) Ges IqvwRe gZjvK (kZnxb IqvwRe hv KvbviKg mgq viv
mxgve bq hgb nR)|
3. IqvwRe gnvv` (
cwigvchvM IqvwRe, hgb RvKvZ Ges
bvgvR) Ges IqvwRe MvBi gnvv` (
AcwigvchvM IqvwRe,
26
27
28
ZvAvi`
ZvAvi` (
):
ZvAvi` (
cgvYmgni ev weavbi gvS weiva): ZvAvi` gvb
weiva| Dmj Avj wdKn ZvAvi` ejZ evSvq kwiqvni `Uv cgvY
GKB kwgvmb, Ze cgvY `Uv cii wecixZgLx| `Uv cgvYi
kw hw` Amg nZv Ze Gic weivai De nZv bv, Kbbv m
AwaKZi kwkvjx cgvYwUK `ej cgvYi Dci cvavb `qv nZv| G
KviYB KvZC I Rvwb cgvYi gvS Kvbv weiva bB|
hw` wecixZ gZi c KiAvbi `Uv AvqvZ A_ev KiAvbi GKwU
AvqvZ Ges GKwU gZvIqvwZi nvw`m A_ev `Uv Avnv` nvw`m mv
wnme _vK Ze weiva `Lv `q|
weiva agv ZLbB `Lv `q, hw` `Uv cgvYi c` ivqi gvS
Kvbvic mg^q mvab Kiv bv hvq| A_vr GKwUi welqe _K AbwUi
welqei wfbZv hw` bv Kiv hvq, wKsev cgvY `Uvi mgqKvji wfbZv
wbicY bv Kiv hvq (A_vr GwU wbwZ Kiv hvq bv Kvb cgvYwU cii)|
KvZC mvi gvS Gic weiva K`vwPr NU| weivRgvb AwaKvsk
weivaB eve bq eis cZxqgvb| Gme evn weiva wbimbi cwZmgn
njv:
1. mg^qmvaY,
2. wbw`KiY,
3. GKwUi Dci AbwUK AMvwaKvi c`vb|
bvm Avi BRgvi ga weiva AwPbxq Kbbv BRgv KLbv bvmK jNb
KiZ cvi bv|
GKRb gRZvwn`i AekKiYxq njv cZxqgvb Gme weivai
mg^qmvab Kiv| hw` weev`gvb mv `wU `B cwiwwZi Rb chvR nq,
Ze mfve evLv Kiv `iKvi| hw` GUv me bv nq Ze gRZvwn`K
weePbv KiZ ne Dfqi ga KvbwUK AMvwaKvi c`vb Kieb A_vr
29
`Uv LeB DjLhvM| c_g nvw`mwU njv hLvb gAvR web Rvevj
(iv.) ivmj (m.)-Gi cwZDi ejQb hw` wZwb KiAvb ev nvw`m
mgmvi mgvavb LR bv cvb, Ze BRwZnv`i vi neb Ges ivmj
(m.) GZ mwZ w`jb (Ave `vD`)| wZxq nvw`m njv hLvb ivmj
(m.) ejQb GKRb gRZvwn` `Uv mIqve cveb hw` wZwb h_v_ nb,
Avi GKwU mIqve cveb hw` wZwb fj Kib (Ave `vD`)|
BRwZnv`i Rb cqvRbxq hvMZvi welq KwZcq wekl DjL
KiQb| G welq KiAvb I nvw`m wKQi DjL bB| cg kZvxZ
Avej mBb Avj emix c_gevii gZv gRZvwn`i hvMZvi
gvcKvwVi welq AvjvKcvZ Kib Ges cieZxZ Mvvwj I Avwgw` Zv
MnY Kib| GUv wVK h BRwZnv`i Rb GKRb hvM wekli
cqvRb| BRwZnv`i Rb cqvRbxq hvMZv njv:
1. Aviwe fvlv mK fvjv vb|
2. KiAvb, nvw`m Ges GZ`mwKZ welq AekB vbx nZ ne|
3. ceeZx gRZvwn` KZK MnxZ BRwZnv` welq vbx nZ ne|
4. kwiqvni gvKvwm` mK vbx nZ ne|
5. gRZvwn`K AekB mr cKwZi Ges mej I `ej mvi gvS
cv_K Kivi hvM nZ ne|
GUv AekB cZxqgvb nq h, cqvRbxq hvMZvi gvcKvwV AZ
KVvi| wK eve welq Zv bq| GKRb GKwb Ges hvM ewi c
GKwU wbw` mgqi ga Gme hvMZv ARb Kiv me| AwaKvsk Ijvgv
G gZ cvlY Kib h hw` GKRb ew GKwU BRwZnv`i
hvMZv ARb Kib Ze wZwb mKj B BRwZnv`i AwaKvi ivLb|
BRwZnv`i aib Ggb h gRZvwn` c_g KiAvb Ges mbvnZ mgvavb
LReb Ges mLvb hw` mgvavb bv cvb Ze wZwb BRwZnv`i iYvcb
neb|
AwaKvski gZvgZ njv BRwZnv` fj nZ cvi| msLvjN Ask gb
Kib Avjv`v ivqi cwZwUB Zv`i hvMZv Abhvqx wVK|
gRZvwn``i bvbvfve wefvRb Kiv me| Ze AbK gRZvwn``i
evSvi gZvi Dci wfw Ki kwY wefvRb KiQb| gwjK kwY
wefvRb njv wbgic:
1. DjLhvM gRZvwn` hviv wbRivB BRwZnv`i weavb Zwi KiQb
Ges evcK msLvq BRwZnv` KiQb|
BRwZnv`
BRwZnv` (
): gj k Rn` ev Rvnv`v (
) _K BRwZnv`
(
) kwU DcRvZ| BRwZnv` kwUi AvwiK A_ njv msMvg Kiv
ev AvZcPv| BRwZnv` ewewK cPvK aviY Ki| BRwZnv`
BmjvwgK AvBbi GKwU evcK Drm Ges KiAvb I mbvni ciB Gi
vb|
ivmj (m.)-Gi BwKvji ga w`q KiAvb Ges mbvn cwicYZv
cqQ| wK BRwZnv` Pjgvb welq bZb eveZvi mv_ DchvRb,
bZb wePvh welqK gvwbq bqvi gZv Ges KiAvb I mbvni ci GwU
Bmjvgx AvBbi GKwU iZcY Drm ev cwZ hv bZb AvBb mw Ki|
KiAvb Ges mbvni evBi Bmjvgx AvBbi Drm wnme BRwZnv`B
AvekKxqfve bZb bZb AvBb iPbv Ki| hw` KiAvb Ges mbvni
cvV cwivifve weavbi DjL _vK ZLb BRwZnv` KvhKi _vK bv|
BRwZnv` viv c` ivq AvewkKfve Rvwb cKwZi| BRwZnv`i
welqe kwiqvni cvqvwMK weavb hv bm KZK evLvZ nqwb|
BRwZnv` wekl`i `vwqZ| welqwU hw` Riwi nq Ze BRwZnv`hvM
wekl`i Rb Zv evaZvgjK (dvi` Avj AvBb ev IqvwRe Avj
AvBb)| hw` welqwU Riwi bv nq Ze Gi mgvavb mgwMZfve `vqe
(dvi` Avj wKdvqv ev IqvwRe Avj wKdvqv)|
GKRb wekl ZvKwj` (
Ab GKRb weklK A AbKiY)
cwinvi Kieb| mvaviY gvbli Rb ZvKwj` Abgvw`Z| Beb nvRg
gb Kib ZvKwj` Kviv RbB Abgvw`Z bq| kvn IqvjxDjvn DjL
KiQb h mvgvb wKQ njI Abmvbi hvMZv ivL Zvi Rb
ZvKwj` Abgvw`Z bq|
BRwZnv` KiAvb, mbvn Ges mvnvwe`i PPv viv cgvwYZ| BRwZnv`i
mg_b KiAvb DwjwLZ AvqvZmgn njv 4:59, 9:122, 29:69 Ges
59:2| GmKj AvqvZ cKwZMZ w`K _K Rvwb aibi|
BRwZnv`i ^c AmsL nvw`mi DjL Kiv hZ cvi| Gjvi ga
30
Mcw
1. wcwcvjm Ae BmjvwgK RwimcW, W. gnv` nvwkg Kvgvwj, w` BmjvwgK
UU mvmvBwU, 5 wMb wU, KvgweR, wmwe23RBD, BDK, 1991|
2. w` WKwUb Ae BRgv Bb Bmjvg, Avng` nvmvb, BmjvwgK wimvP BwUwUDU,
Bmjvgvev`, 1970|
3. w` wdjvmwd Ae RwimcW Bb Bmjvg, mewn ivRe gvngvmvwb, B R wej,
wjBWb, 1911|
4. Dmj Avj wdKni Dci iwPZ wewfb eB Ges wbe, W. Zvnv Rvwei Avj
AvjIqvwb, AvBAvBAvBwU, BDGmG|
5. Dmjj wdKn, Ave hvniv, W. Avj wdKi Avj Avivwe, Kvqiv, 1958|
6. Bjg Dmwjj wdKn, Av Avj Iqvnve Lvjvd, `vi Avj Kvjvg, KqZ, 12
Zg msKjb, 1978|
7. Dmjj wdKn, kvBL gnv` Avj Lvix, `vi Avj wdKn, Kvqiv, 1981|
31