1.

Nucleus- The most prominent cellular organelle, the nucleus contains genetic material: genes,
DNA, and chromosomes.
2. Cell Membrane- This outer boundary of the cell consists of a thin sheet of fatty molecule with
embedded protein. In addition to structural proteins, some of these proteins provide pathways for
transport and regulate flow of materials into and out of the cell. Some serve as receptors for
chemical signals coming from other cells, others serve as enzymes.
3. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of tubes and
flattened sacs, formed by membranes, that is distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The Rough
ER has a granular appearance because of attached ribosome particles. These are sites for
synthesis of proteins designated for organelles, for cell membrane components, or for secretion
to the cell exterior.
4. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum- The smooth ER lacks attached ribosomes. It is commonly
involved in lipid metabolism, but it can also serve in detoxification of drugs and deactivation of
steroid hormones. In muscle cells, smooth ER sequesters large amounts of calcium, which are
used to trigger muscular contraction.
5. Golgi Apparatus- Sets of smooth membranes forming flattened, fluid-like sacs that are stacked
like pancakes. It is involved in modifying, sorting, and packing proteins for delivery to other
organelles for secretion out of the cell.
6. Vesicle- Numerous membrane-bound vesicles are frequently found around the golgi apparatus,
carrying material between the golgi and other organelles of the cell.
7. Mitochondria- These power houses of the cell are the sites where chemical energy contained
within nutrients is trapped and stored through the formation of the ATP molecules.

8. Lysosome- These membrane bound vesicles contain many enzymes capable of digesting
cellular products or damaged organelles, as well as bacteria brought into the cell via endocytosis.
9. Vacuole- An organelle that stores the cells water, nutrients, and waste.
10. Ribosomes-Structures that are required for protein synthesis.
11. Nucleolus- The nucleus also contains a smaller body, the nucleolus, that consists of densely
packed chromosome regions together with some protein and some RNA strands. The nucleolus
initiates the formation of ribosomes.
12. Cytoplasm- Occupying space between the nucleus and the plasma membrane, the cytoplasm
contains membrane-bound organelles, ribosomes for synthesizing cytoplasmic proteins, and a
complex network of filaments and tubules called cytoskeleton.
13. Cytoskeleton- The cytoskeleton consists of arrays of protein filaments that form networks
within the cytosol, giving the cell its shape. These filaments also provide the basis for movement
of the entire cell as well as internal movements of its component organelles and proteins. The
tree major types of cytoskeleton filaments are microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate
filaments.