Autonomic Innervation of heart

Heart Rate

Heart rate

Normal :- 60 80 beats / min.

Both symp. & parasymp. Cut :- 100 / min.
Vagal tone:- Keeps HR at 70 to 80 beats / min
Vagotomy:- HR becomes 160 to 170 / min.
Resting sympathetic tone - increase the HR
up to 120 beats/min

Tachycardia :- Increase in HR
Bradycardia :- Decrease in HR

Factors affecting HR
Age :- Inverse relation
Sex :- More in females d/t more symp. Tone
Exercise :- Direct relation with grade of
exercise.
Causes symp. Activity,vagal tone, body
temp. catecholamines, T4 & hypoxia,
hypercapnea, acidemia
Body temperature:- 10 beats for 1 F rise
Mareys Law:- Inverse relation with BP
Drugs:- Epinephrine ,Norepinephrine

Factors affecting HR..contd

Emotions:-Excitement, anger (),shock, grief
()
Respiration:- Sinus Arrhythmia - Inspiration
(),Expiration()
Sleep:-()
Meals:- ()
Athletes:-() due to vagal tone
Diseases:- Thyrotoxicosis (),Cushings
reflex(), anemia (), shock ()

Innervation Of Heart

Cardiac innervation
Sympathetic

Heart
1) rhythmicity of SAN i.e. HR (+ve chronotropic
effect)
2) speed & force of contraction of myocardium
(+ve ionotropic effect)
3) conductivity of tissue (+ve dromotropic effect)
4) excitability of heart (+ve bathmotropic effect)
Blood vessels binds to receptors
Vasoconstriction

Cardiac innervation
Parasympathetic
Effects:1) rhythmicity of SAN i.e. HR (-ve chronotropic
effect)
2) speed & force of contraction of myocardium (-ve
ionotropic effect)
3) conductivity of tissue (-ve dromotropic effect)
4) excitability of heart (-ve bathmotropic effect)

Membrane potential (mV)

Autonomic control - sympathetic

Sympathetic
stimulation
Resting
Threshold

Seconds

Norepinephrine acts on B adrenergic receptors of

heart
More +ve RMP due to permeability for Na+ &
Ca++ ions

Membrane potential (mV)

Autonomic control - parasympathetic

Parasympathetic
stimulation

Resting

Threshold

Seconds

Ach acts on muscarinic receptors

Hyperpolarization due to permeability for K+ ions

Which factors Change The Heart Rate?

Age
Athletes

Sex

Meals
Sleep

Exercise

Heart Rate

Respiration
Emotions
Diseases

Body Temperature
Drugs

Cardiac Output

Nerves

Brain Areas Involved in Control

Regulation of HR
Local :- Stretch, Temp., BMR, T4-Direct effect
Nervous : Central cortex, hypothalamus, VMC,
vagal centre
Reflexes :- e.g. Baroreceptors,
chemoreceptors, Bainbridge reflex
Hormonal :- Epinephrine, noepinephrine, T4

Thank You