Caloocan Campus

College of Engineering
EE Department

EXPERIMENT # 5
Transformers

Instructor: ENGR. ANTONIO C. REBONG

Name: HERRERA, MARK KENNETH R.

Student number: 20111128871

Subject and Section: NEE 419 1ECM

Date Performed: February 24, 2016

Date Submitted: March 09, 2016

LIST OF INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT AND THEIR

DESCRIPTION
o Transformer Module (EMS 8341)
- Provides isolated and Step-down 120/208/240 V AC outputs.
o AC Voltmeter
- A device that measures the (peak) oscillating current I0 across a
large resistor R0 that is attached to leads whose tips, 1 and 2, may
be connected to some other circuit.
o DC Voltmeter
- A DC voltmeter measures the current passing between two
points. The normal use of a voltmeter is to check the power in an
electrical circuit.
o Connecting Wires
- An adaptor used to effectively bring together dissimilar connectors.

DATA
RUN 1
Rated Voltage
Terminals
Terminals
Terminals
Terminals
Terminals
Terminals
Terminals
Terminals

1
3
3
7
8
5
5
9

and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and

Measured Voltage

2
4
7
8
4
6
9
6

RUN 3
A.) Terminals 2 and 6 shorted

B.) V12= ______V

C.)V56= ______V
D.)V15= ______V
E.) Terminals 2 and 5 shorted

F.) V12= ______V

G.)V56= ______V
H.)V16= ______

I.)

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

1. In run 1, are the measured values of voltages the same as the rated
values. If not, state the reason why.
o No, though the measured values of voltages arent the same with
the rated values, they are approximately the same; the reason is
due to hysteresis loss and eddy current loss.
J.)
2. State Lenzs law.
o If an induced current flows, its direction is always such that it will
oppose the change which produced it.
K.)
3. Differentiate a step-up from a step-down transformer.
o The main difference between a step-up transformer and a stepdown transformer is the number of turns in the secondary
windings of the transformer, in step up transformers the number
of turns in the secondary windings is higher compared to the
primary

windings,

while

on

the

other

hand,

step-down

transformer has lower number of turns in the secondary windings

as compared with the primary windings.
L.)
4. In your own words, what is meant by transformer polarity?
o It refers to the direction of current flow induced on the secondary
winding with respect to the primary windings.
M.)
5. Give as many applications as you can where the transformer polarities
have to be considered.
o Three phase supply, three phase motors, basically transformer
polarity

should

be

considered

transformers are applied.

N.)

in

any

application

where

6. In run 3, explain the reason behind the voltages measured by the

voltmeters.
o The voltage output depends on the polarity of the windings
where the leads of the voltmeter are tapped, same polarities
cancel out, while opposite polarities add up.
O.)
P.)

Q.) DISCUSSION
R.)

In this experiment, we are able to understand the operating

principle of transformers, to the importance of its polarity and to learn
the proper way of connecting transformer windings.

S.) Transformers are probably the most universally used pieces of

equipment in the electrical industry. They range in size from miniature
units in transistor radios to huge units, weighing tons, used in central
power distributing stations. However, all transformers have the same
basic properties which you are about to examine.
T.)

An Electrical power transformer is a static device which

transforms electrical energy from one circuit to another without any direct
electrical connection and with the help of mutual induction between two
windings. It transforms power from one circuit to another without changing
its frequency but may be in different voltage level.
U.)
The working principle of transformer is very simple. It depends
upon Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Actually, mutual induction
between two or more winding is responsible for transformation action in an
electrical transformer

V.)
W.)
X.)

Y.) CONCLUSION
Z.)

After doing the experiment, I conclude that transformers are

Device that converts an alternating (A/C) current of a certain voltage to an

alternating current of different voltage, without change of frequency, by
electromagnetic induction. As we increase the voltage for a transformer, the
current will decrease but as we decrease the voltage for a transformer, the
current will increase. A key application of transformers is to increase voltage
before transmitting electrical energy over long distances through wires.
Wires have resistance and so dissipate electrical energy at a rate
proportional to the square of the current through the wire. By transforming
electrical power to a high-voltage (and therefore low-current) form for
transmission and back again afterwards, transformers enable economic
transmission of power over long distances. Consequently, transformers have
shaped the electricity supply industry, permitting generation to be located
remotely from points of demand. All but a tiny fraction of the world's
electrical power has passed through a series of transformers by the time it
reaches the consumer. Transformers are used extensively in electronic
products to step down the supply voltage to a level suitable for the low
voltage circuits they contain. The transformer also electrically isolates the
end user from contact with the supply voltage.
AA.)

AB.) REFERENCES

AC.) http://www.electrical4u.com/
AD.)
AE.)

www.lselectric.com