Karen Chronology Karen

unDzd'D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.
fpdRwJpdR
w>frReD.frRCgtzk.fwz.f
(1947 = 2008 eH.f)
uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFH
cd.fe>fwz.fv> p>zSd.fxD.fto;v> KNU w>fwDcd.f&d.frJ
ph.q
f x
l JG (y'd.b
f ;oh.pf .h f ok;cd.u
f s>>fb.d rf ;F ok;cd.u
f s>>f.G q
f > uD>cf .d rf gb;p.f y'd.pf uDRv>>fwD
ok;cd.u
f s>>fup>>f'.d )f vD>cf w
H usdR =ph.q
f x
l JG y'd.b
f ,
D Rl zD ok;cd.u
f s>>fr.D rf .D f y'd.o
f .fy;HF
unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f
unDzd'D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.fpdRwJRpdRw>frReD.frRCgtzk.f
(1947 = 200*)eH.f
w>f u wd R v>ng
unDzt
d w>ft.d rf l 'D;xH&>l u
f >D o
f ;J w>f[;l w>f*RJ Ckm'f ;D unDw>fy>>fq>w>f
pH.pf Rd wJpRd w>frReD.rf RCgtzk.f v>w>fx>zS.d f ymfz.dS t
f RD v> vHmw
f bh.t
f RH tylR
e.f rh>fw>foh.feD.f tw>fyeD.f wcgv> w>frRvRuyDRuhR unDw>fy>>fq>rk>feHR
ySJRxD.f (60) 0Dw0DzJvg,ElRtg&HR (31) oD 2009 eH.ftHRt*D>ftCd b.f
w>fxk;xD.f&RvDRtDRv>rk>fweHRtHRe.fvDR$ rh>fw>fx>zSd.fymfzSd.fuhR w>f*h>f
w>fusdRrd>yf >S w
f z.f';D w>fux
J .D t
f o; rk>ef RH rk>o
f w
D z.fvRD $ w>fynd.v
f > w>fx;k
xD.f&RvDRvHmfwbh.f tHRe.frh>f0J =
(1) rh>fw>frRvRuyDRuhRunDw>fy>>fq>rk>feHR ySJRxD.f (60) 0Dw0D
(2) rh>f'fod;unDzdwz.f uz;b.fuhRunDw>fpH.fpdRwJpdRt*h>fzk.fudmfwz.ftHR
'D;rReD.rf RCgw>frRto; wuwD>b
f .fwuwD> v
f RD wH>v
f RD qJ;uoht*D>f
(3) 'fod;ySRw*Rv>fv>f rh>ftJ.f'd;Ckoh.fnguhR w>fuJxD.fto;rk>feHRrk>foD
wz.fe. f uuJxD.fvHmfzdwbh.fv> urRp>RtDR'D; 'd;oeRto;t*D>f
(4) 'fod;w>fqd;ugtDR v>uFdv>uD.frh>f*hR v>w>f[h.fw>fod.fvdv>w>fu&>
u&dtylRrh>f*hR v>ySRw0>w>frRvdt*D>frh>f*hR'D;v>w>fvDRw>fu&>u
&dt*D>f rh>f*hRe.fvDR$
ypH;bsK;pH;zSd.fb.f y'd.fpDR'D;vhrk>f eJ.f&J.G foCJR (2) v>t[H;rl'g'D; x>zSd.f
ymfzSd.fuhR w>f*h>fw>fusdRwz.ftHR'D; &J.fusJRuhR0J'fod; uuJxD.f0JvHmfw
bh.ftHRt*D>fe.fvDR$ ypH;bsK;pH;zSd.fb.fph>fuD; zkpuDRv>>fwD'd.fr; v>t0J
&J.u
f sJRxk;xD.f uG;J ymfvRD wJmef > yf RS v> unDw>fy>>fq> tw>fp.H pf Rd wJpRd wkRv>
1974 eH.ftCd y[H;e>fx>zSd.fuhR w>f*h>fw>fusdRwz.fv> t0JtvHmfylRe.fvDR$
pH;bsK;b.fuhR ySRv>tymfCkmfv>w>fx>zSd.fymfzSd.fuhR w>f*h>fw>fusdRwz.f
p;xD.fv> 1975 eH.f wkRv> 2008 eH.f wz.ftHR'd.fr;v> t0Joh.ftw>f[h.f
vDR tq>uwD>f tCde. v
f RD $ ypH;bsK;b.fp>h u
f ;D ySRv>t'dvmH 'f ;D &J.u
f sRJ b.fuRh
vHmf'd&J.fusJR 'fod;uuJxD.f vHmfwbh.ft*D>fe. fvDR$
2

yChun;b.fph>fuD;ySRz;vHmfzdwz.f ud;*R'J; v>w>f*h>fw>fusdR utd.f'H;
0JweDR v> wymfCmk v
f > vHmt
f RH tylRoh.o
f .h ef . v
f RD $ w>f*>h w
f >fusdRtd.v
f RD wJmf
rh>ftd.f'H;wz.f rReD.frRCguhRtDR'D; wkRv>w>fxk;xD.fuhR unDw>fpH.fpdRwJpdR
qlngwbsDe. f uymfCkmfuhR0J'.fzJe. fvDR$
ClClqlyw>frRe>RtzDw>.f
unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.fu&>
vD>fc>.fo;
tq>'d.f 1? unDzdtw>f[JvDRp>R eH.fvgw>frReD.frRCg

cs$c$e (2617) = unDzdwz.fp;xD.f[;xD.fv>rD>fudv,>f (Mongolia)
cs$c$e (2013) = unDzw
d z.f[v
J RD 0JwRk zJ rk>x
f .D x
f >.fc.H pf w.f (Turkistan)
cs$c$e (1866) = unDzdp;xD.fok;tvD>fv>rk>f xD.f x>.fcH.fpw.f
(Turkistan)
cs$c$e (1864) = unDzdwz.f [JvDRwkRzJwHbJ; (Tibet)

cs$c$e (1388) = unDzdwz.f p;xD.fok;vD>fok;usJv>wHbJ; (Tibet)
cs$c$e (1385) = unDzdwz.f [JvDRwkRv>,l.fe>f/ w&l;uD>f (Yunnan in
China)
cs$c$e (1128) = unDzdw>w'l.f v>td.fv> ,l.fe>fok;tvD>ftusJql

th&S.frk>fxD.f uvHRxH;
cs$c$e (1125) = unDzdw>w'l.f v>[JwkRvDRv> th&S.frk>fxD.fuvHRxH;
cs$c$e (741) = unDzdcH'l.fw'l.f v>td.fv>,l.fe>f'D; [JvDRwkRv> th&S.f
rk>fxD.fuvHRxH; (uD>fy,DRylR)
cs$c$e (739) = unDzdcH'l.fw'l.f [JvDRwkRv>cHuw>>fv> th&S.frk>fxD.f
uvHRxH; (uD>fy,DRylR)
ce (1813) = July 16 oD 1813 eH.f = Rev . Dr. A.Judson [JEkmfvDRuD>fy
,DR [Jpdmfc&Hmfw>fbl.fw>fbg
c$e (1824) = tJuvH; 'D; y,DRw>f'k;w>wbsD tJuvH; (British) rR
e>f0J (&>>fc>.f'D;weDo&h.fuD>fcD)
ce (1828) = May 16, 1828 eH.f zkud.fo.fzFL.f'd;bs>to;v>xHv>o
&.fbd;rh tpkylR v>'0J>f'D; uJxD.f ySRc&Hmfzdtqduw>>fv>
unDzdtusgvDR
(1852) = tJuvH; 'D;y,DRw>f'k;cHbsDwbsDtJuvH; (British) rRe>f0J yud
uD>pf .J f
(1881) = yunDcd.fe>f'ftrh>f= o&.fxH.fo.fzF.f o&.frF;p>fzdc.G f tlvl>feH.f
o&.fpRD wh 'D;tlp.fvw
d z.f 'k;td.x
f .D 0f u
J nD'u
D vkmu
f &> (Karen National
Association) 'D;u&>tHRtw>fusJ;p>; tw>fynd.frh>f0J'fod; unD'Duvkmf
utd.f'D; w>fcJ;G w>f,mf utd.f'D;w>fCkx>v>xH&l>fuD>foJ;'D; uuJxD.f b.f
4

y.fvH.fr.fu&>zd 'fod;'D; unDzdwz.f uohymfzsgxD.ftySRuvkmf t*h>ftusdR
uoht*D>fvDR$ 'Duvkmfu&>tw>frRv>wcsK;[D.fcd.fw>f'k;tcD.fxH;wbsD 'H;
b.fe. f tgwuh>f rh>fw>ful.fb.ful.foh w>fqJ;w>fvR unDzdtvHmftvJ>f
tw>frRvdrR'd;t*h>ft0Dwz.feh.fvDR$ unD'Duvkmfu&>'D; unDbs>xHc0h
&S>.f rRoud;w>ftCd unDzdwz.ftvHmftvJ>f tw>fy&>yp>>fwz.f tg
xD.f *kRxD.yf oDx.D 'f ;D ohx.D b
f .fx.D f xd.t
f zHb.fc.d 'f ;D uvkm*f Rwz.f oh0v
J >
w>f*h>fweDR'D; zsd;pd0Jv>xHzduD>fzd uvkmf*Rwz.ftrJmfng'.fvJmfe. fvDR$ 'Du
vkmftw>f*JRvdmft*RwrHR rh>f'fod; unDzdwz.f ue>fb.ftgxD.ft cGJ;t,mf
v> w>fy>w>fjy;tylRt*D>f unDtuFdtuD.fwz.f utd.f'D; unDySRuG>fuFd
wz.f'D; v>'Duvkmftw>fusJ;p>;tCd unDzdekmfvDRrRy'd.fyyS>fw>frRv>
w>fy>w>fjy;tylR tgxD.fySD>fySD>f'D; wbsDCDph>fuD; unDwz.f td.fxD.f'D; unD
ySRuG>fuFd (yn.ftl;) wz.fe. fvDR$ (KNA) w>frRv>trRwh>f0Jwz.f rh>f'fvmf
tHRtod;e.fvDR
(1) unDzdtuFdtuD.fv>tb.fw>f'k;td.fxD.ftDRwz.f wDRzk.f wDRc>.fo;'D;
wDRxDuFdwz.f xHuD>fy'd.fuoh.fngymfuJtDR
(2) w>furRtgxD.f [h.ftgxD.funDtuFdwz.f
(3) unDzdwz.f urRvdb.funDusdmf v>unDuFdwz.ftylR urRvd u
nDusdmf v>vHmfy,DRtvD>f
(4) rhwrh>b
f .fv>vHmyf ,DRb.f';D unDzw
d z.f ue>rf Rvdb.f vHmw
f z.fcv
J >mf
v>unDusdmf 'D;w>f'k;td.fxD.funDuFdpJmfeDR (pHjyausmif;)wz.f
(5) w>fuymfunDySRuG>fuFdwz.fv> unDuFdwz.ft*D>f
(6) unDpSDRwz.f ue>fol pDR 'D; eD>f v>trHRtrJmfng'D; unDySd>fwz.f
ue>f ol p 'D; eg v>trHRtrJmfng
(7) w>f'k;td.fxD.funD'Duvkmftw>fo;0H.f (tzs>.fb.fw>f uGJ;tDRv> o&.f
p.fb; 'D;t,k>fv>y'd.fo.fthuFH) 'D;ymf*>>fymfus>RtDRv> 'Duvkmfw>f
td.f zSd.f'D; xHuD>foh.fngymfuJtDRph>fuD;vDR$
(8) w>f'k;td.fxD.funD'DuvkmfuluRv> ydmfrk.f'D;ydmfcgG t*D>f 'D;unDrk.ft
*D>feH.f'D;qhrd>fol (w>frR*hRxD.ftDR'fchcgw>fqJ;w>fvRtod;)
5

(9) 1938 eH.f unD'Duvkmf (KNA) pDRuFDep>.f'H.fzdrh qS>xD.f0Jv> u
nDeH.fxD.foD urh>f0J ovhRvgxD.fwoDe. f xHuD>fy'd.ft>.fvDRwl>fvdmft
Cd b.fw>fp;xD.frRvRuyDR unDeH.fxD.foDtqduw>>fwbsDzJ 1939
eH.f p;xD.f';G 0Jv>unDteH.frh>f0J (ce 1939 csce739 ]2678) eH.f
rh>fph>fuD; xHuD>f'Dbh.fteHRobsweHRe.fvDR
(10) unDteD.fw,>f usd.f'D;rk>f,JR (9) ,JRe.f b.fw>foh.fngymfuJtDR'fu
nD'DuvkmfteD.fw,>ftod;e.fvDR
(1885) = tJuvH;'D;y,DRw>f'k;o>bsDwbsD = (British) rRe>fy>b.f0JuD>f
y,DRx;cD 'D;uD>fy,DR'Dbh.fngtd.f0J'.fv>tw>fy>tzDvmfvDR$
(1886) = (British) bd;b.f&RvDR0J'.fv> uD>yf ,DRrh>0f J uD>t
f .h 'f ,
H .f (India)
tuhwuh'D; b.ftd.f0J'.fv> (British) tw>fy>tzDvmfvDR$
(1927) = Sir p.fpH.fzduJ;G xk;xD.f&RvDR0JvHmfwbh.fv>trh>f (uD>fy,DR 'D;
unDzd =Burma and the Karens) 'D;v>vHmfw>fuJ;G tylR ChxD.f0J
w>fuymfyeD.f weDo&h.f uD>'f .d f 'ftrh>f unDu>D pf mJ v
f RD qD wbh.f
(1928) = Sir p.fpH.fzdymfzsgxD.fu'D;tw>fChwz.fql British y'd.fwz.f t
td.fv> uuG>fqdrd.fe> ftw>fChxD.fwz.fvDR$ b.fq.f'D; p.fpH.fzd t
w>fChxD.ftzDcd.f w>fwpH;uwdRt*h>feDwrHRb.f$
(1937) = uD>fy,DRtd.fuhRvDRqDqD'D; td.f0J'.fv> British tw>fy>tzD vmf
e.v
f RD $
(1939) = w>fxD'g British uvkmf'd.fpdtw>f[l;w>f*JRv> uD>fy,DR'Dwbh.f
ngtylR'D; w>fftd.fzSd.fz;'d.fwz.f b.fw>frRtDR'D; w>fymfzsgxD.fw>f
b.fo;v> ue>fb.fuhRxHuD>fw>fobst*D>fe. fvDR
(1941) = udwdmfcd.fus>>f tlpD vJRxH.fvdmfto;'D; (British) 'D;zJe. ftcg
uD>fy,DR b.fw>fy>tDRv> uD>ftJuvH;vDR$ zJvg'H.fpJb>.f (8) oD
e.f [D.fcd.fw>f'k;z;'d.fcHbsDwbsD uJxD.f0Je. fvDR$ uD>fy,DR (BIA)
ok;[JuhRud;0Jzk.fcD.f (uF.fy.f) v>u'k;zsd;uGHmf (British) t*D>fvDR
(1942) = (BIA) ok;wz.f [H;e>f0J (Victoria Point) 'D;0h>fwul.fe. fvDR 'D;
zJe. f ySRv>tqD.fxJG British y'd.fwz.f b.fok;to;qlrgwvh'D;
[;xD.fuHmG fql uD>f India e.fvDR$ unDok;*H>fbgutd.fySR (2000)
vJRCkm'f ;D British e.v
f RD $ = B.I.A ok;wz.fp;H 0Jv>unDzw
d z.fr>h 0f J
6

British tw>frJmfcsH'D; rRp>RtJu vH;tCd t0Joh.fvJRqlunDzd'l
o0Dwz.f';D zD.u
f nDc.d ef >fwz.f weDRrRoH uGmH 0f J weDRrRt>rRoD
0J *kmfql.fysdql.funDtw>fzdw>fvHRwz.f rRw&Dwyg unDrk.fw
z.f'D; 'GJ.ftluHmG funDt'lo0Dwz.fv> w>fvD>ftgylRtgwDR'ftrh>f
v>xHx.fpw
G uyR yoH.f rFDrF; [Duw; rD.fbH.f'D; v>rk>fxD.f
wuyR'ftrh>f z.fyl.f &Gh.fuFh.f oxl.fwz.fe. fvDR cDzsdv> B.I.A
ok;wz.ftw>frRt>rRoDtCd v>xHx.fpw
G uyR ySRv>t wDc.d f
&d.frJ unDwz.frh>f0J rg&Gh.fxluF.f 'D; 'k;q>uhR B.I.A wz.fe. fvDR
(1943) = Central United Karen Association b.fw>fu&>u&dxD.ftdDRv>
u[H;C.funDzd t&l>ftoJ;'D; tw>fcJ;G w>f,mf'D; urRoud; w>f
'D; uF.fy.fv> urRClrRzd;vdmfto;'D; y,DRt*D>fe. fvDR rgpDbl;
rh>funDcd.fe>fw*Rv> *JRvdmfw>fv> w>fClw>fzd;t*D>foyS>fyS>fvDR
w>ft>.fvRD tw>fu;JG eD.u
f ;JG Cgwbh.f b.fw>fq>S tDRql British y'd.f
ttd.fv> unDok; (2000) *Rv>vJRydmf British tcHqluD>f India
wz.f ChxD.f0J'.fv> w>fuuG>fxHqdurd.fe> fw>fv> unDzdwz.f
u'd;e>fb.fuD>fpJ.fvDRqDwbh.ft*D>fe. fvDR$
(1945)
(1945)= (1) 1945=vg,lR (29) oD wkR ,lRvH (5) oD w>frRunDurs>>f
w>ftd.fzSd.fz;'d.f (u) w>ftd.fzSd.fwbsDtHR u&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f unD
xH & l > f u D > f o J ; u&> v>trh > f (KCO-The Karen Central
Organization) (c) w>fChxD.fv>w>fuymfyeD.f weDo&h.fuD>f'd.f
'ftrh>f unDuD>fpJ.fvDRqDtod; (*) w>fq>wJmfv> w>fuqS>c>.f
p;wz.fql (UK) (2) Chx.D 0f v
J >y&Jvmd u
f sdr>k x
f .D w
f uyR (Sittang
River) w>fuymfyeD.f e>ftDR'ftrh>funDuD>fpJmfe. fvDR$
(1946) = 3$2$46 unD'DuvkmfcDu&J; b.fw>frRtDRzJ 0h>fwul.fe.fvDR$
w>f q>wJmfv>ngwz.fe. f w>fqDwvJuHmG ftDRvDR$ weDo&H.fuD>fcD
'D; th.f,.f0wH>fuD>fcDwz.f w>fChxD.fv> w>fuuG>fqdurd.fe> ftDR
'ftrh>f unDuD>fpJmfvDRqDt*D>fe. fvDR$
vgtDu>;=vg'H.fpJb>.f = unDc>.fp;wzk (Good will Mission) b.fw>fysJ
vJRtDRql uD>t
f u
J vH; v>uSyJ ;F wJe>fy>>ftu
J vH;y'd.'f ;D uD>t
f u
J
7

vH;xHzu
d >D zf w
d z.f b.fC;'D;unDz*d >h 0f eD . v
f RD $ zJvged.0f b
h >.f (11)
oD 1946 eH.f c>.fp;wzk tHR xk;xD.f0JvHmfbd;b.foh.fng w>f*h>f
w>fusdRv> unDzdt*D>fymfCkmf'D; w>fouGH>fun;ql (HMG) 'D;
tJuvH; xHzu
d >D zf v
d > u[h.w
f >ft.k u
f RD v> unDzt
d *D>v
f > u[h.f
tDRv>uD>fpJmfwbh.f ymfCk.f'D;ubDoee. fvDR
(1947) = 17147 =tD.fqgvJRqluD>ftJuvH;'D; qJ;vDRtD.fqgtJ;wvH
vHmfCH;C.f w>ft>.fvDRvDR tD.fqgtJ;wvHvHmfCH;C.ftylR u
nDu>D t
f *h>'f ;D unDzt
d cG;J t,mf wymfw>feD wrHRb.ftCd unDzd
xD'g0Je.fvDR
tq>'d.f 2?
'D;unDw>fy>>fq>tw>f[l;w>f*JR weH.fb.fw
eH.f w>frReD.frRCg (1947 = 2008)eH.f
KNU
(1) (5247) w>fu&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f KNU unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.f u&>

KNU cDu&J;tqduw>>fw0D (wd>feD.f = weH.fCDtwD>fylR w>fud;
KNU cDu&J; 3 0D) KNU cDu&J;tqduw>>fw0D
= (5247) eH.f unD'Duvkmfw>ftd.fzSd.fz;'d.f b.fw>frRtDRzJpgcFD 0h>fwulmf
vDR unDu&>'ftrh>f KNA, BKNA, KCO, KYO wz.fymfzSd.fxD.ft
o;'D; u&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f0JunD'Duvkmfp>zSd.fu&> (KNU) e.fvDR w>f
Ckx>xD.f u&>cd.f = p.fzdoh.f u&>cd.f (2) tlv;zh.f eJ.f&J.G f =o&.f
o.fxd.f eJ.f&.JG foCJR = rguFhxdtD.f 'D;urH;wHmft*Rwz.fvDR
= (12247) tD.fqgud;w>ftd.fzSd.fv>yh.fvd.f'D; ,dR ucFh.f cFDcd.fe>f wz.f
vJRxD.f'D; t>.fvDRoud;0Jv> urRoud;w>f'D; (zqyv) y'd.fe. fvDR
w>fweDRz; uD>frd>fyS>f'D; up>>fuvdtb>.fp>Rb.f'D; u'd;e>fCkmf w>fo
bswbsDCDt*D>f td.f'D;w>ft>.fvDRv>yh.fvd.fe. fvDR$ (vHmfCH;C.ftHR b.f
w>fo.h n
f gtDR'ftrh>f yh.v
f .d v
f mH C
f ;H Cmf vHmC
f ;H C.ftylRymfCmk 'f ;D uvkmf
'l.w
f z.f urRoud;w>f teH.f (10) rh>yf RJS xD.f rh>t
f .J 'f ;d xk;z;to; xk;z;
to;ohvDR p;xD.fol.fvDR0J zJ.f'&J.f uD>fp>zSd.ftcD.fwC.fe. fvDR
= (31347) (KNU) ChxD.fw>fqltJuvH;y'd.fv>unDzdueh>fb.ftgxD.f
w>fcJ;G w>f,mfv> bsD.f'd.ftylR w>fChwz.frh>f0J =unDzdc>.fp; utgxD.f
8

v>[D.u
f 0DRwz.f udwmd u
f tgxD.f 25%, unDo;k utd.'f v
f >D v
f >D f w>f
ymfo;v> u[h.funDuD>fub.ftd.f w>fux> unDz;zDrk>fp&D w>f
rh>fwwl>fvdmf w>fChxD.fb.f (KNU) uxD'gvHmfCH;C.f pDRb;tluFH u
[;xD.u
f mHG v
f >udwmd t
f vD>f tJuvH;'D; zqyv wl>v
f md 'f .fxJ w>fux>
z;zDr>k pf &DwcgtCd (KNU) xD'gtJ;wvHvmH C
f ;H C.fvRD rh>v
f > (KYO)
tcd.fte>fwz.f wb.fo;w>fxD'gb.ftCd [;xD.fuHmG fv>w>ftd.fzSd.ft
ylR p.fzdoh.f v>trh>f (KNU) u&>cd.fw*R ydmfxD.fCkmfySRcHe. fvDR
= (14447) w>f u d ; (KNU) *h > f * D > f t l c D u &J ; KNU) cD u &J ; (2)
0Dw0D=w>ftd.fzSd.f b.fw>frRtDRzJ0h>fwul.f rh>fv>p.fzdoh.fw*R [;
xD.fuGHmfv> u&>cd.ftvD>ftCd (KNU) ud ; *h > f * D > f t l w >f t d . f z S d . f
w>ftd.fzSd.ftw>fq>wJmf w>frh>f rRb.f'dunDzdw*R*RteD>fup>f tcGJ;
t,mfeh.f rh>fw>frRb.f'd unDzdcJv>mf unDzdv>tekmfvDR bsD.f'd.f
w>fCkx>wz.f wrh>funDzd tc>.fp;b.ftCd w>fwwl>fvdmftDRb.f
w>fxD'gbsD.f'd.fw>fCkx>'D; pDRb;tluFH [;xD.fv> udwdmftvD>ftCd
w>frRvRuyDRtDRvDR w>fCkx>xD.f pDRb; tluFH v> KNU u&>cd.fvDR
(p.fzdoh.f vJRuJxD.fuhRudwdmfv> pDRb;tluFH tvD>fvDR
= (16747) = w>fu&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f (KNDO) weHRtHR rh>fv>w>f
ChxC
H u
h >D t
f RH w>fz.h q
f >uql.x
f .D 'f ;D uwkRqlw>fpu
k 0JRw>f';k tCd w>f
u&>u&dxD.f (KNDO) v>uuJxD.fpk'k.fpkwDRv> (KNU) t*D>f u'D
o'> urs>>fto;orlt*D>f w>feDRz;vDR[D.fu0DRwcgurh>fok;uhwcg
rk>fxD.f = u&h.feH.fok;uh wDtlok;uh cs>.fvH>G fxl.fok;uh oxl.fok;uh
rD.fvrFJ.fok;uh wz.f rhrh>fxHx.fpw
G cD w>fuud;xHx.fpcG d.fe>fwz.f t
w>ftd.fzSd.fzJ nD.fwl'D; u&>u&dxD.f ok;uhwz.fvDR
= (19747) = tD.fqg'D;tudwdmfwz.fb.fw>frRoHtDR 'D;tlEl;uJxD.f
udwdmfcd.fus>>fvDR
= (15947) = bsD.f'd.ftylRoJp;w>fbs>tq>zd (180=181) ymfzsgCkmf0J
v> w>fu[h.u
f nDu>D t
f *D>f (zqyv) u[h.0f u
J >D u
f &h.ef .H 'f ;D uD>zf .fy.l f
b.fq.f unDcd.fe>f'D; u&h.feH.fcd.fe>fwz.f wwl>fvdmfb.f (tD;uxdb>.f
1947) =tlE;l uJx.D u
f w
d md cf .d u
f s>>f';D vJRqlu>D t
f u
J vH;'D; rRvHmC
f ;H C.f
'D;tJwvH'D; b.fw>foh.fngtDRv>tlEl;tJ;wvHvHmfCH;CmfvDR
9

= (101047) KNUcDu&J;(3)0Dw0D = b.fw>frRtDRzJ 0h>frD.fvfrFJ.f
cDu&J;wbsDtHR w>fuwD.fxD.funDuD>ftw>f*h>fqlbDrk>fp>zSd.f w>fu
xk;xD.fxHuD>fw>fbs>oJ;p; w>fymf*>>fymfus>RweDo&H.f uD>fcDv>
ymfCkmf'D;wDtl th.f,.f0wH>fuD>fcD thph.f'D;[.fo.f0wH>fuD>f&h.f'D; nD.f vh
yh.fuD>f&h.fcD'ftrh>funDuD>f w>fuymfuJ'D; olunD'DuvkmfeD.fw,>f
= w>ftd.fzSd.f0HRtd.f'D; unD'D;rd.f cd.fe>fw>ftd.fzSd.f w>ftd.fzSd.f wbsDtHR
tw>ft>.fvDRwz.frh>f0J = unD'D;rd.f u'k;oud;w>fClCl wkRv> unD
'D;rd.f e>fxHuD>fwpk w>fqJ;usd;w>frR xH&l>fuD>foJ; xH*kRuD>f*Rw>frR
urRoud;w>f'D; 'k;oh.fngvdmfo; uolphwrHRCD w>frh>frRqgunD
rh>fw>frRqgrd>f w>frh>frRqgrd>f rh>fw>frR qgunDvDR
=(17$10$47)
=(17$10$47)=tD.fqgtJ;wvHvHmfCH;C.ftylR tJuvH;u[H;zD.f*>>fCmf
'H; w>f'Dw'>'D; rk>fusdR0JRuGmf*h>f0DvDR$
(2) uD > f y ,D R eh > f w >f o bsh
(1948)
KNU
weH . f w bsD w >f t d . f z S d . f 0h > f w ul . f
= (4148) = uD>yf ,DRe>w

f >fobsv>tJuvH;tpkyRl unDb;d b.f&RvDR0J
v> unDtw>fobsrk>feHR (5148)
f w>fb.fo;'D; w>fCx
h .D u
f nDu>D f ySRxD.f
= (11248) = unDzyd mfzsgxD.t
'k; eJ.fo;wbsDtHR td.fySRvGH>fuvD>fbsJ.f (w>fChxD.fwz.f = [h.funDuD>f
wbsDCD 'k;eJ.funDwb;y,DRwb;wbsDCD ywo;vDuvkmfw>fo
bH.o
f bk.b
f .f ywo;vD xHv>D u
f >D yf Rl w>f';k w>f,Rb.f) w>fymfzsgwbsD
tHR xH&l>fuD>foJ;tcDynD = rh>fw>fxd.f*JRxD.funDzdwz.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;t
w>fxH.f rh>fw>fymfzsg xD.funDzdwz.fo;vDtuD>f (w>fobs) o;vD
'H.frd>fu&h.fpH.fcJ;G ,mf (w>fwkRod;xJod;) w>fClw>fzd; w>frkmfw>fck.fwz.f
vDR rh>fw>fymfzsgxD.funDzdwz.f w>fol.f'lo;'lrh>fw>fymfzsgxD.f w>f[H;
e>fqd xH&l>fuD>foJ;w>fcJ;G w>f,mf'D; rh>frk>feHR weHRv> [D.fcd.foh.fngtgxD.f
unDzd vDR
= (3348) = KNU weH.fwbsDw>ftd.fzSd.f b.fw>frRtDRzJ0h>fwul.f w>f
td.fzSd.fpH.fnD.ft>.fvDRv> usJxJwbd{dRv>ue>funDuD>frh>fw>f'k;tusJ
w>ft.d zf .dS t
f cgtlE;l uGt
J .D b
f ;tlut
HF rhR'D;pH;0J w>fue>u
f nDu>D t
f *D>f usJ
10

td.f cHbdvDR (1) EkmfvDRChv>zgvhrJbsD.f'd.ftusJ (2) w>fpku0JRw>f'k;
tusJvDR tlEl;oq.fxD.fv> w>fuChtDRv>zgvrJbsD.f'd.ftusJvDR
= (vgr;&S; (10) oD 1948) = (KNU) 'D; (zqyv) xH.fvdmf u'D;
toDwbsD tlEl;pH;0JunDChuD>fy[h.fwohb.f unDrh>f'k;y,DR y,DR
u'k;q>uhRvDR ySRvJRw>fwz.f rh>0f pJ RD b;tluHF o &.fo.fx.d f pDRo.f'.h f
rguFhxdtD.f pDRbJvh.f'D; zqyv wuyRtlEl; tlzdud tltd tl0hzh.f
wz.fe. fvDR$ (p;xD.fzJe. f y,DRw>fy&>yp>>fwz.f uGJ;t>uJ;G oDunDzdt
uvkmfuvkmf vDRqD'.fw>f (KNU) u&>vDR
= (vgr;&S; (28) oD = (Auy) ,JbD.fzFL.fwz.f*JRq>x>.fxD'guhR
(zqyv) y'd.f'D; EkmfvDRqlyS>fylR
= vg,lR (14) oD = od.f'l0g (&Jabmf_zL) xD'guhR (zqyv) ud;uhR
trHRv> (BCP)
= vgtDul;= (zqyv) ok;&h.f (1) ok;&h.f (3) v>o,J; rhRuvR'dR
y>>fq>xD'guhR (zqyv) y'd.ftCd (zqyv) tw>fbH.fw>fb>w
td.fv>Rb.ftCd Chw>frRp>Rv> (KNU) (KNDO) v>u[H;e>ftDR
w>fbH.fw>fb>v> uy>R0h>fwul.f'D; tcd.ftC>Rw>fvD>fwz.fvDR$
= vgtDul; 31 oD =pJ;yxhb>.f (1) oD =(KNDO) ymfzSd.fxD.fo;'D;
(MNDO) 'D; xD.f[H;e>f rD.fvrFJ.f oxl.f &Gh.fuFh.f v>>f'd.fwz.fvDR$
(zqyv) xH.fvdmf'D; (KNU) cd.fe>fwz.f'D; Ch0Jv>w>fu[h.fuhR 0h>fw
z.f'D; t0Joh.f w[H;e>fv>R unDzdwz.ftpku0JRv>Rb.ftCd unDzd
wz.f[h.fuhR0h>fwz.f rkmfrkmfvDR$ (q>uwD>ftHRunDzdwz.f [H;e>fy>b.f
0h>ftcg toGH.fuzdxD.f w>fymf'd.fvDRo; w>frRxD'gurs>>ftd.fxD.f 0J
'.fph>fuD;vDR$ (w>fzh.fq>wz.fql.fxD.f wqDb.fwqD'D; (zqyv) tySR
wz.f rRt>rRoDunDzdwz.f,HmfxD.ftgxD.fvDR$
= (vg'H.fpJb>.f 1948) = (zqyv) vlR[H;e>f (UMP) 'D;unDy>R
oh.fyS>fwz.f tpku0JRcJv>mfvDR$ w,Hmfb.f w>fzD.f (KNDO) cd.fe>fv>
rD.f vrJF.f bsH;'0J>f o.f,.f0wH>f [Duw;'D;w>fvD>ft*RweDRvDR$
= (25$12$48) =bsH;'0J>fuD>f&h.f yvD;o0D zJySRrRc&Hmftd.fzsJ.ftcg
(zqyv) vJbH ok;zdwz.fEmk v
f RD owl>u
f vmf';D c;oHyRS v>bg,GRwz.f
ySRoH (100) bsJ.f zdo.f'D;ydmfrk.fwz.foH0J'.fvDR$
11

(3) unDw>fy>>fq>p;xD.f thph.fw>f'k; (1949)
=(vg,lRetg&HR 1949) = (zqyv) bd;b.f&RvDR0Jv> KNU wzd;
oJp;b.f';D Ekmv
f RD [H;e>q
f .l u
f nDtpku
k 0JRwz.f';D unDc.d ef >fwz.fp>h u
f ;D
b.f w>fzD.fCmftDRe.fvDR$
= (20$1$49) = oe;cFDw>f*h>f y,DRok;vJbHoh.fwz.fvJRrRt>rRe; u
nDzdzJ oe;cFD wz.f *kmfql.fysdql.funDtw>fzdw>fvHR'D; rRql.frRpd; u
nDrkmfwz.f rRoHuHmG f unDzdwbsK;*R'D; 'GJ.ftlxD.fuHmG f'lo0DvDR
= (28148) [g = (zqyv) vJRu0DR (KNU) vD>fc>.fo; 'D;unDtd.f
w>fvD>f'ftrh>f tvd>f pgcDF oxhulwz.f uwdRw&Dwygw>ftgr; c;
egpdRusd unDr.k cf gG oH0J (10) *R *kmef > q
f .l w
f >fzw
d >fvRH wz.f';D 'G.J t
f u
l nD
[H.fCDweDRvDR
= (31$1$49) *DR= (zqyv) bd;b.f&RvDRv> KNU wzd;oJp;b.f'D;
EkmfvDRp;xD.f'k;unDzdtd.fw>fvD>f'ftrh>f orJ'D; (KNDO) tvD>fc>.fo;
thph.f e.fvDR v>cHuw>>f unDzdwz.fv>w>f'Do'>vDRuhRto;t*D>f
p;xD.fy>>fq>xD'g (zqyv) e.fvDR$ (zqyv) ok;wz.f ymfvDRto;
v> uxD.f'k;rRe>f (KNDO) vD>fc>.fo; thph.fv>o>oDtwD>fylRvDR$
b.fq.f unDzw
d z.f cD.q
f >'k;q>e>*f Rh *hR'D; qD.zf sd;uGmH 'f .k 'f gwz.fvRD $ [H;
e>fuhRthph.fCdmf vh.frh.ftlpJ;u[.fvD>f zFg bk;pJ;*D>frk>fv>vJ>f (vSdkif) usd
eHRcJv>mfvDR$
= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (2) oD = (KNU) EkmfvDR[H;e>frhRuvR'd.f ubD,lR
oe'D; rRe>fubD,lRcJv>mf'D; ok;tvD>ftusJcJv>mf b.fq.f wrR[;*DR
0Jb.f$
= vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f 1949 eH.f = ucFh.fok;v> (Ist Karen) ok;cd.feD.fqJ
'D; tySRwz.f EkmfvDR'k;p>RunDtw>f'k;vDR
= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (2) oD 1949eH.f = ucFh.fok;cd.feD.fqJ EkmfvDR'k;yFD.fbJG.f
rRe>f0h>f'Dzs>.f'D; xk;xD.fuhRunDtok; (UMP) ySR (150) *RvDR
= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (3) oD 1949 eH.f = unD'D;ucF.fok;ymfzSd.fo;'D;
xD.f'k; 0h>frh;xH;v.f rRe>f0JnDu'.f'D; zD.fe> fy,DRok;cd.fweDR weHRCD t
wD>yf Rl y,DR tubD,Rl [Jp>D v
f RD (2) bh.f v>0h>rf ;h xH;v.f ok;cd.ef >D pf zJ .D ef > f
12

'D; 'd;xD.u
f bD,Rl wbsC
D D ucF. o
f ;k wbh.f unDo;k wbh.'f ;D vJRxD.q
f l
rh>frFd;'D; EkmfvDR'k;w>f'D; tk.fuhRcD.fuhRunDcd.fe>fv> w>fzD.fC.ftDRzJ 0h>f
ylR wz.fe. fvDR
= (KNU) rRvdmf (Karen Rifle 1) v>wDtl'D; (Karen Rifle 2) v>yFH.fv>
u[JrRp>R (KNDO) v>thph.fvDR ok;&h.f (1) [JwkR (bk&m;-uD;) 'D;
wdqlng we>fb.ftCd b.f*kRuhRto;vDR ok;&h.f (2) [JwkR (-udK yif
aumuf) 'D; (zqyv) 'k;tDRv>usJtCd vDR_yHvDR_ygzJe. fvDR
= vgthjzhR(4)oD = (zqyv) uGJ (KNU) v>urRw>frkmfw>fck.ft*D>f
'fod; w>fuJGtw,>>fuC>t*D>f tlEl;r>tJuvH;rD>foD (Mr Broker)
th',.f rD>foD (Dr Rauf) ymfuH.fpw.frD.foD (Mr.M.D.Ali) wz.f 'D;
(tJuvH;zSx
H b
H &H ;DS Bishop West) v>uuG;J vHmq
f pl RD b;tlut
HF td.f v>
uwl>fvdmfw>fuJv
G DR$ wkRpDRb;tluFH rguFx
ltD.f'D; pDRbJvh.fwz.f vJR
wkRwcD tlEl;pH;b.ftDRv> unDuD>fw>f*h>fe. f p>.fb;tl cD.frH;&S>.f ok;
usJR0JvH w>fvd.f'd.frh>fw>fuqduwD>f w>f'k;w>f,RtCd pDRb;tluFH u
ymfvDRw>fpku0JRv> t'd.fpSRcd.fvDR$ v>cHuw>>f pDRb;tluFH t>.fvDR wl>f
vdmf (zqyv) tw>fusJRe.fvDR$ wkRrh>ft0Joh.f [JuhRwkRv> (KNU)
vD>fc>.fo;wcD rgb;p.f'D; (KNDO) cd.fe>fwz.f wwl>fvdmfb.ftCd rg
b;p.fvRJ u'guhR'D; ymfzsg0Jv> wwl>v
f md 0f t
J *h>'f ;D w>ft>.f vDR[;*DR'D;
v>cHuw>>f w>f'k;w>f,Rp;xD.fu'guhRvDR$ =zJw>fywkmfw>f'k; uwD>f
(zqyv) *km[
f ;H e>w
f >fc;JG w>f,mf CkrRe>w
f >fpu
k 0JRv>uD>t
f 'h ,>f xD.f
[H;e>fqdw>fvD>fv>vJ>fusdu>>fcd.f'D; p;xD.fc;unDt0JRvD>fcd.foh.f thph.f
v>rsdmfwz.f ql.fql.fuvJmfvDR
= vgrhR (21) oD = uD>fy,DRx;cDunDok;wz.f rRe>f0h>ftgzs>.fb.fq.f
wrh>f0h>fwz.fv> unDzdtd.fqd;b.ftCd [h.fvDRu'guhR0Je. fvDR$
= rh>v
f > (KNU) uG>v
f >f (Karen Rifles) wz.f tusb
J .fq.f t0Jo.h [
f w
J zd sd
w>fwe>fv>Rb.ftCd (KNU) b.fu>G fq>.frJmf'D;w>fuDw>fcJv> usdcsH
usdo.f w>fpku0JRyD;vDtCd v>cHuw>>f vgrhR 21 oD teHR (KNU)
b.f*kRuhRto;v>thph.fvDR$ w>f'k;,Hmf0J (111) oDvDR$
= (vg,lR (14) oD =(KNU) *kRuhRto;wqDb.fwqDqlwDtl'D;w>frR
w>ft.d zf .dS zf w
J t
D l w>f';k td.x
f .D u
f >D o
f v
l Rh y'd.'f ;D Ckx>xD.u
f w
d md w
f z.f (ud
13

wdmfcd.fus>>f = pDRb;tluFHxH*kmfuD>f8R0ucd.f=tlv;zh.f'D;udwdmft8R
wz.ffvDR (v>cHw>fymfyeD.fuhRrk>feHRtHR 'ftrh>f uD>folvhRrk>feHR) vDR
= (vgpJ;yxhb>.f (20) oD = w>f'k;td.fxD.fuD>folvhRok;w>fy> ud;0Jv>
(CAS) w>fynd.frh>fw>f'k;tq>uwD>fub.frh>f'.fok;w>fy> (wkRw>fymf
vDRok;w>fy>wpke. f ok;cd.fwz.f [H;e>fw>fpdurDRv>w>fcJv>mf'D; w'd
ue.fv>Rurs>>fwz.f tw>fx.H b
f .f ySR8h>0f cD ;GJ ,mfw>frRb.f'q
d gtd.t
f gr;
vDR$)
= 1949 eH.f bl;uv>mf 'k.f'grRe>fuhR0h>ftgzs>.f 'ftrh>fxluFH p.fblwD
bDvJ>f nD.fwl ygweD.f 'El;zFl.f pvd.f o.f,.f0wH>fwz.fvDR
= 1949 eH.f'H.fpJb>.f (12) oD ytd; (wDol) w>fy>>fq>uJxD.f0J'.feh.fvDR$
(4)
(KNU)
cDu&J; (4) 0Dw0D'D; uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHtw>foH (1950)
= (vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f1949) = 'k.f'grRe>fuhR 0h>ftgzs>.fymfCkmf 'J;tl

yFl.f wp.fwz.fvDR
= vgzhR-bLRtg&HR 19 oD 1949) = 'k.f'grReh>fuhR0h>fnD.fvhyh.f rRe>fuhR
unDtrsdmf'D;w>fpku0JRtgr;vDR
= (vgr;&S; 17 oD 1950) = 'k.f'grReh>fuhR0h>fwDtlv>trh>fuD>folvhR
t0h>cf .d f unDwz.fb.fymfw>h u
f mHG u
f Rd vdmu
f sdr>k Ef mk cf v
J >mf';D ok;xD.t
f o;
ql rdRcHvDR
= (vg,lRvH 17 = 19oD 1950) w>fud; (KNU) z.fyl.fcDu&J;ySR
y>R vD>fqh.feDR = pDRb;tluFH ySRu,Ju,>w>ftd.fzSd.f = puDRv>>fwD
pDpDRb;tluFH tw>fuwdRrRvdmfydmf'd;v>cHuw>>f zJz.fyl.fcDu&J;
tq>uwD>f=
= unDw>fy>>fq>tHRrh>t
f cD.x
f ;H uw>>fwbsD';D rh>pf >h u
f ;D tuw>>fwbsDvRD $
= rhwrh>fv>unDw>fy>>fq>zdcJv>mfvJRvDRql0h>f wul.f'D; 'd;vDRtudmfv>
'k.f'guusDwJmft*D>fb.fe. f &SlwohvhRwuhRb.f$
= unDue>fuD>fusJtd.f (3) bd (1) 'k.f'gu[h.fySRv>w>fo;td.f (2) y'k;
e>R'k.f 'g (3) w>ft.d t
f o;wz.ftw>fq.D o
f eH;tCd yrRe>yf uD>o
f v
h RD
14

= y*H>fybgrd>fyS>fv>w>fy>>fq>e.f rh>furs>>ftCd vd.fb.furs>>futJ.fySR
ysHR ySR ymfuJySR
= yb.fu>G C
f x
k .H o
f .h n
f guhRyw>fv>D w
f ml v
f RD u.fwz.f';D bS*D Rh xD.u
f Rh tDR w
z.f eh.f vDR$
pDRb;tluFHymfvDRwJmf0Jtw>f*h>frd>fyS>f (4) xH.f
(1) unDtpku0JRub.ftd.fv>unDpkylR
(2) w>fymfvDRpku0JRt*h>fw>fwb.fuwdRtDRb.f
(3) unDtbl.ftwD>funDub.fpH.fnD.fwJmf'.ftw>fvDR
(4) unDuD>fub.fw>foh.fngymfuJtDRvDR$
= (vgtDu>; 12oD1950) = uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFH[;xD.fv>yH>fwc;o0D
w>f-uJ>f uD>fq.f z.ft.fuD>f&h.f'D;vJRqlxd.fuDRudo0D'D; rHzJxHusdeHR pHmf'J
w zs>.f tcg 'k.f'gtok;v>td.fv> (ebl) wzk[Ju0DRc;tDR'D; uD>f cd.f
pDRb;tluFHok;cd.fus>>fpJch.f 'D;od.f'lweDR [h.fvDRuGHmfto;orlv> xH
uD>ft*D>f'frRxl&R tod;e.fvDR (zqyv) ySRwDcd.f7d.frJok;wzktHR
rh>f0Jok;cd.f ph.fv.G f vDR
= 1950 eH.f pJ;yxhb>.f 24 oD =ok;cd.fus>>frhrD>fud;w>ftd.fzSd.fzJrdRcH
v>>fCgvdmf ySRcJv>mfb.fto;v>tlv;zh.f uuJxD.fuD>fcd.ft0JrRrh>f
woh uFH.fzlnd.fuuJxD.fuD>fcd.f uFH.fzlnd.fwl>fvdmf0Jv> uD>fcd.ftvD>fb.f
q.f wb.fo;0Jv> w>fu&>u&dxD.f (KNU) b.f w>fy>>fq>uwD>f
ub.frh>f '.f ok;w>fy>vDR$
(5) unD w >f y >>f q >tw>f [ l ; w>f 8 J R (1951)
= (vg,lRetg&H.f 8 oD 1951) = ok;cd.fus>>frhrD>fud;w>ftd.fzSd.fzJpgG vdmf
w>ft.d zf .dS f w>f*>h rf >d yf >S rf >h w
f >fuCkx>xD.u
f >D cf .d w
f >f*>h f (1) w>fuCkx>xD.f
uD>fcd.f v>ySRw*R (2) w>fuCkx>xD.fySRpSR*Rwzkv>uD>fcd.ftvD>f w>f
[h.w
f >fz;'D; q>wJmf ySRpSR*RwzkrRe>Rw>f = ySRpSR*RwzktRH w>fu;d tDRv>
(Kawthoolei Governing Body) ySRy>RvD>fqh.feDR (2) rh>f0J = ok;cd.fus>>f
rhr.D f
15

= (vgthjzhR 4 oD 1951) =w>fud; (KGB) w>ftd.fzSd.fweH.f (2) bsD w>
wbsD vgthjzhR cHbsDwbsDvged.f0hb>.f (uD>folvhRtoElv> (KGB)
tpdRe.f rh>f'DuvkmfoElv>toehRxD.fto;v> 'H.frd.fu&h.fpH.fv>w>fu
wdRwbD{dRrh>f unDoEl (Karenism) The policy of Kawthoolei is
Nationalism based on Democracy in one word) oEltHR 'd;oeRxD.f
to;v>w>f*hRw>f0gz;'d.f (5) rHRv>trh>f (1) w>fwDw>fvdR (Truth)
(2) w>fpDw>fqSH (Purity) (3) w>ftJ.fyk>f tJ.f0J>f (Brotherhood) (4) w>f
tD.o
f ud;rRoud; (Cooperative Living) (5) w>fo.l w
f o
D ;&R (Loyalty)
v>w>f*hRw>f0gz;'d.f (5) rHRtHRtzDcd.f w>fymfvDRw>fzH;w>frRoElb.f C;
xH&l;uD>foJ; rk>fusdR0JRuGmf uvkmf*h>f0D 'D;b.fxJ'G D; xH*kmfuD>f8R wz.fcJ
v>mf vDR$
(6) unD w >f y >>f q >w>f [ l ; w>f * J R (1952)
= (vg,lRetg&H.f 15 oD 1952) =w>fu&>u&dxD.f (KNU) t*D>f
rg b;p.fu;d w>ft.d zf .dS zf ,
J >G o
f .ful uFu
D u
l >D q
f .f c>.fp;v>uD>&f .h cf v
J >mf
[JxD.fw>ftd.fzSd.f ySRcJv>mf (200) bsJ.f w>ftd.fzSd.ft>.fvDRv> uu&>
u&dx.D f (KNU) w>f 'k;td.x
f .D o
f ;k uhwz.fv>xHx.fp'Gh ;D yud&rd ;'D; w>f
wl>fvdmfrRxGJ ok;w>fy>oemfuh xH.f0Jv>ymfwH.fu&>v> twDcd.f&d>frJ
w>fy>>fq> ub.ftd.feh.fvDR$
= (vgzhR-bLRtg&HR) = 'k.'f gxD.'f ;k xHx.fpo
hG ;k uh (1) w>fv>D w
f z.fv>xHv>
cd0HR xD.f'k;0Jok;uh (4) 'D;ok;u h(2) ys.fusdrk>fekmfw>fvD>fwz.fvDR
= (vgthjzRh ) = (KGB) t>.fvRD v>u'k;td.x
f .D o
f ;k uh (2) cDv>rk>x
f .D w
f cD';D
xH x.fpw
hG cDe. fvDR
= 1952 eH.f bl;uv>mf 'k.f'gxD.f'k;rReh>fysh.fusdrk>fekmf rk>fxD.fcJv>mf ok; cD
cd.f bd.yf ;l [h.v
f RD to;'D;tySRwpSRb.f (xHx.fpw
hG uyRw>fC;H w>fu'D .d rf ;
w>fy>>fq>cd.fe>f wz.fb.f[;td.fuql;uwhR w>fyJmfz;eDRz;v>rh>f v>
xH&l>f uD>foJ;tuJsvDRwH>fvDRqJ;wtd.fb.f'D; w>fymfvDRusJrh>f'.f ok; w>f
y>w>fjy; tCde. fvDR
16

(7) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDcDz&J;'D; uD>folvhRcDu&J; (5) 0Dw0D z.fyl.f (1953)
= (vg,lR 9 oD 1953) = [>x>.f'D;rgb;p.fud;w>ftd.fzSd.f v> xH
x.fph'G D; ymfvDRw>fy>>fq>tusJcHbdwbd ymfvDR0Jw>fy>>fq>tw>fu>G fpd
'k.f'gcd.foh.f w>f'k;twuGD>f t*H>ftbg t0D>f&d tw>frR&J.fusJRw>f
ymfvDRw>fy>>fq>tok; (3) uvkmfrh>f0J= KPLA, KPGF, KNDO = xH
x.fprhG >h *f Rh rk>x
f .D f uD>o
f l vhRrh>*f Rh b.fu>G q
f >.frmJ 'f ;D w>fuD w>fczJ ;'d.t
f Cd
cd.ef >f tg*RuhR[h.v
f RD to; ymfCmk f pDvmd 'f ;D tJ.zf pD .d f (th.pf rd .hF )f v>wDtl
wcD v>rD.fvrFJ.fwcDxlnh'D; tok;&h.f'Dbh.f'D; v>w>fvD>ftgwDR
ySRuhR[h.fvDRySRo;e.fvDR
= w&l;0gwz.f[JekmfvDRv>uD>fy,DR'D;uJxD.fw>fuDw>fcJph>fuD;vDR
=(vged.f0hb>.f 18 oD) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDcDz&J; w>fCkx>xD.f rk>fxD.fuD>fcD
(KNU) urH;wHmfcd.frh>f0JyD>f&DpDRzdcFH; eJ.f&J.G f o&.ftlzh.fnl;'D; urHmf wHmf
wz.fvRD $
= (KNU) cDu&J; (5) 0Dw0D (vged.f0hb>.f 23 oD 1953eH.f = w>f
ud; uD>o
f v
l Rh 'Db.h f cDu&J; zJz.fy.l f ) ySRy>RvD>q
f .h ef RD puDRolc.d f (pDRo.f'.h )f
ySRxD.w
f >ft.d zf .dS cf v
J >mf (150) *R w>f*>h v
f >w>fp;H uwdRtDRwz.f = w>fu
&>u&dxD.fuhR (KNU) u&> ymfvDRw>fy>w>fjy;toD w>frR*hRxD.f ok;
oH.fwz.f urR*hRxD.fw>fcl.fv>>fcl.fvh w>ftd.fzSd.fpH.fnD.ft>.fvDR w>f*h>f
tug'd.f (3) xH.fv>trh>f = w>fuymf (KNU) u&>pdymf wHmf'ftrh>f
u&>zd;oJp;tod; w>fuwl>fvdmfu nDw>fy>>fq>tusJcHbdwbd w>f
t>.fvDRwl>fvdmfv>vg (Feb 11)oDteHRurh>funD'Duvkmfrk>feHR
e.fvDR
= w>f';k td.x
f .D u
f >D o
f v
l Rh y'd.f Ckx>xD.u
f >D cf .d =f [>x>.fo.frhG uD>cf .d cf >.fp;
puDRv>>fwD'D;0JRusdRcd.fe>fwz.f
= vged.f0hb>.f (25) oD cDu&J;0HRvg'H.fpJb>.f (8) oD = 'k.f'gubD,lR
(3) bh.f[Jc;vDRw>fv>0h>fz.fyl.f
(8) unDcd.fe>f&J.fusJRymfvDR vDRc>.fo;tvD>ftusJ'D; [h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;
w>f r Rvd (1954)
= puD>fv>>fwDusJRb.fuhRw>fvD>f w>fusJv>qDxH;uD>fq.f ok;cd.fus>>frhrD.f
qDvDRb.ftvD>fzJz.fyl.f[D.fu0DR
17

= vgthjzhR= w>f[h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frRvdv>qH.fpd.fud qDxH;uD>fq.f
ySRxD.fw>frRvd (100) *R
= vg,lR = ,lRvH = w>f[h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frRvdv> v>>fx;uGH ySR v>
wDtl cs>.fvH>G fxl.f [JxD.f (100) *R
= vgpJ;yxhb>.f = w>f[h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frRvdv>bDuFd.fvJR (z.fyl.f)
ySRxD.fw>frRvd (60) bsJ.f
= vgtD;uxdb>.f = w>f[h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frRvdv>vhuh.f oxl.fuD>f
&h.f ySR[JxD.fcJv>mf (300) *R
= vD>fc>.fo;tw>f&J.fw>fusJRtd.fv> w>fucl.fph'hrJ'D;rD'hrJwz.fvDR$
zJeh.ftcg v>>ftyhSRtd.fwkRv>ww.f 8000 uF;vDR$
= vg'H.fpJb>.f = rlqu
d >D u
f p>f[x
J .D w
f Rk v>qDx;H uD>q
f .f';D [H;xD.zf .D x
f .D f
trl'g
(9) rlqdqS>Ekmfv> w>fu'k;td.fxD.f
(KRC)
(1955)
= vg,lRetg&H.f = rlqduGJw>fxH.fvdmftd.fy[> v>rDud>f cd.fe>ftg*R

vJR xH.f vdmt
f RD rlqyd mfzsgxD.0f v
J >ogtJ.'f ;d 'k;td.x
f .D w
f >fy>>fq>uD.u
f ;
(KRC) 'fuD>ftJ.fulywl;rR0Jtod; ySRtg*R b.fo;t>.fvDRwl>fvdmftDR
eh.f vDR$
= ySRy>RvD>fqh.feDR = [>x>.f ySRy>RvD>fqh.feDR (1) = rgb;p.f
ySRy>RvD>q
f .h ef RD (2) = ok;cd.u
f s>>frrh .D f eJ.&f .JG =f puDRv>>fwD eJ.&f .JG o
f CJR=
y'd.frgohrD.f
= vg,lR (10) oD =(KRC) cDu&J; (1) wbsDb.fw>frRtDRzJrDud>f cs>.f
vGH>fxl.fuD>f&h.f ymfyeD.fvD>fc>.fo;w>fvD>f (3) wDR = qDbSJ'> CJyR
rDud>f (uD>fz.fyl.f)
= vg,lRvH
v = xH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frRvdzJrDud>f vHmfw>frRvd= unDw>fy>>fq>
tusJ w>fu&>u&d w>fucJ .d u
f eJ >f xH*mk u
f >D *f R (ySRxD.w
f >frRvdcv
J >mf
(100) bsJ.f)
18

(10)
(KNU)
cDu&J;(6)0Dw0D rDud>f cs>.fvGH>fxl.fuD>f&h.f (1956)
= vgr;&S;= (KNU) uuGJrd>f u&h.feH.f ytd.f rhrh>f (Auy) e.f uuGJ0J

tv.feH.f yFH.fol;,JbD.f&>.fc>.fwz.fv>u[JxD.fw>ftd.fzSd.ft*D>f
= vgr;&S;tuw>>fwEGH= (KNU)/ rd>f u&h.feH.f ytd.f wz.fxH.fvdmf
td.zf .dS f ySRwDc.d &f .d rf w
J >fr>h rf gb;p.f w>fv>D rf >h zf pJ b
h yD >R (uvkmf (4) zktRH
rh>fuvkmfv>uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHp>zSd.fxD.fwh>ftDRv>ng'D; xH.fvdmfo;ySJR'D;
w>f o;ckeh.fvDR$
= vgthjzhR (4) oD =uvkmf (4) zktHR'k;td.fxD.f0Juvkmfp> zSd.fu&> v>
w>frRoud;w>ft*D>f ud;0Jv> ('vnw = 'Drkdu&ufwpfvlrsdK;pknD
nGwf a&; wyf^;D ) = DNUF(Democratic Nationalities United Front)
ySRwDcd.f &d>frJw>f = (KNU) = rgb;p.f rd>f =eJ.fxdoh u&h.feH.f
=eD>fohrF; ytd.f= bd.fch.f wz.fvDR
= (vg,l R 26 oD 1956) =uD > f o l v h R 'D b h . f c D u &J ; (6) 0D w 0D
b.fw>frR tDRzJ rDud>f ySR[JxD.fcJv>mfySR (150) *R (w>f8h>fv>w>f
pH;uwdRwz.f= puDRv>>fwD vHmfymfzsg rgb;p.ftxH&l>fuD>foJ;
tvHmyf mfzsg (KRC Constitution), w>fq>S Ekmf w>fy>>fq>tusJcb
H w
d bd
w>f'k;tusJuylR'D; ok;rk>f'd.f tw>fu&>u&d [D.fcd.fuyHmfoEl
w>fxH.fvdmf'D; zqyv 'f w>ful.fw&H;tusJtod; wz.fvDR
= vg,lRvH (5) =w>fymf*>>fymfus>Rw>fy>>fq>t usJ'D;ok;rk>f'd.f w>fu
&>u&d';D tusu
J ylRtrk>ef RH eh.b
f .fw>fymfyeD.t
f RD 'ftrh>f uD>o
f v
l Rh ok;rk>'f .d f
trk>feRH
= w>fy>>fq>tusJcHbdwbd = ue>funDuD>ft *D>f uvkmf'l.fwz.fueh>f
tuD>fpJmf'.f0Jpkmfpkmf uD>fp>zSd.ftoD pd&S>.fvH;bDrk>f 'k.f'gcd.foh.f = ySRrR
vJ>ftD.fuD>foEl'D; [D.fcd.fup>f w>f'k;wuGD.f = zqyv *H>fbgrh>f ySR
rR w>f zdwRD ywD>f ySRxlpmH v
f md yf RJS rh>*f >H b
f g w>fu&>u&d = pku0JRw>f';k
pku0JRw>fu&>u&d
= xH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frR = (KNUP) urh>fu&>pdv>wD cd.f&d.frJunDw>fy>>f
q> 'k;td.fxD.f'H.frd>fu&J;wH; uvkmf'l.fw>fClw>fzd;u&> w>frRv> ySR
wDRywD>f (4) ywD>ft*D>f w>f'k;td.fxD.f (KPLAF) td.f'D;ok; (3) zk
KNDO, KPGF, KPLA
19

= vgpJ;yxhb>.f = xH&>l u
f >D o
f ;J w>frRvd b.fw>frRtDR rF.h ef .H u
f d v>>f'.d u
f >D f
q.f ySRxD.fw>frRvdcJv>mf (100) bsJ.f
= vD>fc>.fo;xH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frRvdcHbsDwbsD b.fw>frRtDRzJrJR0hR ySRxD.fw>f
rRvdcJv>mf (200) bsJ.f tgwuh>frh>f'lowl>f rk>f-wDR
= vgtD;uxdb>.f (6) oD = rh,.ftD.fw>f'k;&J.fusJR p;xD.f 'k.f'gxD.f'k;
(KRC) 0JRvD>fcd.foh.fzJrDud>f'D; rReh>fw>ftgr; rReh>fCkmfw>f&RvDR w>f
uvk>fyD;vD w>f*DRrltpJ;e.fvDR
= vged.f0hb>.f = 'k.f'grRe>fq.frkmfy>R ph'hrJwz.f 'k.f'gqDvDRto;
'k.'f gxD.pf >h u
f ;D v> ou=5 ou=7 wz.fq.l q
f .l u
f vJmf (wkRrh>'f .k f
'gxD.frReh>f ou (3) 0J>fvD>f'D; (KRC) 0JRvD>feh.f rlqdymf'h.fymfur.f0J
ok;uhcd.f uFgrD.f 'D; xk;xD.fuHGmf0Jv>ok;uhcd.ftvD>f'D; Ckx>ymfxD.f0J
ok;cd.f-xlrJvDR$ ok;cd.f-xLrJ'D; ok;cd.fbd.frF; 'D; tok;wz.f ymfzSd.f to;
'D;ok;uh (2) 'D; [;'k;'k.f'gv> w>fvD>ftgwDR'D; rRe>f'k.f'gtw>fvD>f tg
wDR'D; rRe>fusd*D>frk>fvDR$ (rh,>ftD.f w>f'k;wHmfwmf0J (6) vge .fvDR$
(11) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDok;w>ftd.fzSd.f (1957)
= rk>fxD.fuD>fcDok;w>ftd.fzSd.fb.fw>frRtDRzJ rJRpH.fx.f rkmf-wDRuD>f&h.f ySRv>wD
cd.f&d.frJ &J.fusJRw>frh>f0Jok;cd.fus>>ftdzh.f rh>fv>'k.f'goh.fngqde> ftDRtCd
'k.f 'gtubD,Rl [Jc;vDRw>ftCd ySRb.fo;k w>ft.d zf .dS t
f vD>q
f l ,dRzdvmd f
w>ft.d zf .dS w
f bst
D RH t>.fvRD wl>v
f md 0f J rDu>d cf u
D &J; w>fp.H n
f .D t
f >.fvRD wz.fcJ
v>mfv> ok;rk>f'd.f ub.frRxGJt*D>feh.fvDR$
= w>f'k;ok;[D.fu0DR (1) =ou(2) ou(3) =ok;cd.f-xLrJ b.f
[H;rl'gvDR
= w>f'k;ok;[D.fu0DR (2) = ou(5) [D.fu0DR=ok;cd.fvhxh.fb.f[H;rl'g
= w>f'k;ok;[D.fu0DR(3)
(3)= ou(6) ou(7) ymfCkmfrk>f-wDRok;
[D.u
f 0DRcd.w
f z.f';D ok;cd.w
f >ft>.f u[H;rl'g (w>fo;k usRJ v>w>fujy>vdmf
o; v>w>f'k;w>f,RtylR ySRv>te>ftr;tguw>>f w>fu[h.ftDRcd.fz;
v>w>f'k;w>f,RtylR)
20

(12) rk>fxD.fuD>fcD cDz&J; z.fyl.f (1958)
= 1958 eH.f w>fplRcgtq>uwD>f w>frRrk>fxD.fuD>fcDw>ftd.fzSd.f cDz&J;zJ
r; vhv>>f w>fynd.rf >h w
f >fuCkx>xD.u
f >D cf cD .d ef >ftoD';D ymfvRD w>fy>>fq>
w>fzH;w>frRqlngt*D>fvDR$ rh>fv>'k.f'goh.fngtCd w>ftd.fzSd.fp;xD.f w
,Hmfb.f'D; 'k.f'gtubD,lR[Jc;vDRw>fzJ r;vhv>>f vhcHtCd ySRb.f
'doHcH*R'D; 'k.f'gcD.fok;wz.f xD.fph>fuD;tCd ySRb.fok;w>ftd.fzSd.ftvD>f
qlok;uh (5) yDyD.fx.f vDR$ 'k.f'g[JxD.f'D;w>f'k;uJxD.f'D; y'd.ftJ;'0>;
ySR xD.f b.f'doHzJe. fvDR w>ftd.fzSd.ftvD>fb.fw>fok;tDRql rJmf*mfvdmfvDR
y'd.frgohrD.f (zkrgoh) b.fw>fCkx>xD.ftDRv> uD>fcDcd.fvDR t0JrRtrl'g
wkRvDRv> uqD0gcDu&J; (1963 eH.f zJw>fvDRz;td.fxD.f tq>uwD>f
e.fvDR
(13)
(KNUP)'D;ymfwHmfcDu&J;tcD.fxH;uw>>fw0D(1959)
= 1959 eH.fvgzhR-bLRtg&H.f ymfwHmfcDu&J; w>ftd.fzSd.ftq>uwD>f

w>f C k x >xD . f (1) u&>cd . f = [>x>.f o .f r G eJ . f & G J . f = rgb;p.f
ok;cd.fus>>frhrD.f ok;cd.fus>>fuD>fxl rg&S.fzvh; rgohrD.fwz.fvDR$
vcot*R (9) *R urH; wHmfy-wDmf (10) *R cJv>mf (25) *R (KNUP)
rh>u
f &>v> b.fwcD .d &f .d rf J w>fy>>f q>txH&>l u
f >D o
f ;J tCd ub.fwcD .d &f .d rf J
w>ft*hRuw>>fvDR
= w>fpH;uwdRyJmfz;eDRz; pkph.fpkxJt
G usJoElwz.f bsJ;bsJ;bsD;bsD; v>w>ftd.f
zS.d w
f bsDtRH vDR
= w>fpH;uwdRoud; w>fy>>fq>urRe>R w>ft*D>fpku0JRz;'d.f (3) rHRv>t
vd>frh>f0J= (1) ymfwHmfu&>v> uwDcd.f&d.frJw>f (2) ok;rk>f'd.fv>
u'k;rRe>R'k.f'g (3) u&>zSd.fv>uoll.fxD.fxHuD>fw>fpdw>furDRt*D>f
o =(Auy) (KNU)'D;rd.fcd.fe>fwz.fb.fo; wl>fvdmf'k;td.f
= vgrhR (19) oD
xD.f (r'nw) vDR v>cHu&h.ef .H 'f ;D cDEF mk v
f RD ph>u
f ;D = w>f*>h v
f >w>ft>.fvRD
wl>fvdmfrh>f0J=w>fobsh w>fwkRo;dxJod; w>fpH.fnD.fy>vDRo; v>usJt*R
wbd=(wl'gwGJvkyfrwl'gndkndSr&&ifcJGvkyf)
21
(14) w>f'k;td.fxD.f (vvrz) (1960)

= (vgthjzhR))=rlqduJw
G >ftd.fzSd.fb.fC; uvkmf'l.fwz.f tw>ftd.fzSd.fzJrJmfy&h
'D;'k;td.fxD.f (vvrz=vlrsdK;pkrsm; vGSwfajrmufa&; r[mrdwftzGJ)
td.0f u
J nD u&h.ef .H f ,dRwz.f ok;uh (5) [H;rl'gv>w>ft.d zf .dS w
f bsDtRH
= (vgthjzhR (28)oD)=w>f'k;td.fxD.f uvkmf'l.fw>fxl.fzsJ; w>f'Dod.f'DrSHRu&>
ymfCkmf0JunD u&h.feH.f ,dRwz.f t>.fvDRwl>fvdmf'D; qJ;vDRtrHRvDR
= (vgrhR 1960)
1960)=ok;cd.fvhxh.f'D; ok;cd.f-xLrJtok;usdR EkmfvDR'k;rJqD;rh>f
v>,dRrRuRusD>fwz.f vH.ftD.ftDRusd.fphtCdvDR$
(15) unDok;vJRxD.f'k;w>fv> ,dRuD>fpJ.f (1961=1962)

= (1962 vgr;&S; 2 oD) = e>f0h[H;e>fxHuD>fw>fpdw>furDRvDR
= 'fok;*h>f0Dw>ftd.fzSd.ft>.fvDRtod; unDtok;v> w>fwDcd.f&d.frJtDRv>
bd.v
f x
h .h 'f ;D bd.-f xLrJw&h.pf mk pf mk f vJRxD.q
f ,
l Rd uD>v
f > w>f';k oud;w>f';D
,dRvDRvJRwkRu& h.feH.fuD>f[d.fuFJ.f'D; 'k;vdmfto;'D;u,gy>RuD>fok;v>
td.fcd;w>fzJe. f'D; uvJR0JqlngvJRwohv>RtCd [JuhRvDRu'guhRvDR$
= (1962 eH.f) =(KPLA) ok;uh (7) ok;'hw'hv>bd.fp.fzh.f'D; ok;uh (3)
ok; 'hw'h v>bd.fpDR'l b.fw>fy>qS>tDRv> ok;cd.fb;&SJ 'fok;usdRcd.ftod;
'D;ok; cd.b
f v
D 'f G 'fo;k xH&;l uD>o
f ;J cd.t
f od; vJRxD.w
f Rk v> ,dRuD>pf .J f *hR*hR'D;
'k;oud;w>f'D; ,dRok;wz.fv>w>fvD>fwbsK;wDReh.fvDR$
(16) cDu&J;(7) 0Dw0D zJuqD0g e>f,dRx.fu&l>f rkmf-wDRuD>f&h.f

(1963)
= (vgthjzhR 201963 eH.f)=w>fud; (KRC) cDu&J; zJuqD0gw>fvD>f
rlqd wD.x
f .D w
f >fy>>fq>tusJtoDwbdv> txD'gvdmt
f o;'D; w>fy>>fq>
tuscJ b
H w
d bdtCd ySRwqD.x
f t
JG RD tgtgb.ftCd t0Jto;'d.x
f .D f w>f';D
pH;0Jrh>fv> yw>fxH.fw'fod;vdmfto;v>Rb.ftCd yrRoud;w>f woh
v>Rb.f (KNUP) u[H;xHx.fpHG yud,rd ;'D; (KRC) u[H;rk>x
f .D u
f >D cf D
uwdRw>f0HR[;xD.fuHmG f v>w>ftd.fzSd.ftbsD.f'd.ftylR'D; ySRydmfxD.ftcHt*R
(10) t0JtvD>fok;cd.fus>>ftdzh.f [H;e>fuhRySRy>RvD>fqh.feDRtvD>fvDR
22

= w>fxH.fw'fod;v> xH&l>fuD>foJ;tzDcd.fb.f'D; 'k.f'g*dmfpk*dmfcD.ftCd w>fvDR
z;td.fxD.f0J'.feh.fvDR$
= w>fx.H w
f vDRyvdmf v>usJcb
H w
d bdtzDc.d f rh>0f =J w>fymfyeD.'f .k 'f gcd.o
f .h v
f >
ySRrRvJ>ftD.fuD>fe. f t0Jwb.fto;b.f'D; xH.f0Jv>t0Jtd.fv> rk>fxD.f 'D;
b.f&'h ;D usd.u
f p>fpu
h p>f t0Jemf0v
J > rh>x
f 'D guhRusJcb
H w
d bde. f w>frRp>R
ueh>ftCdxD'guhRusJtHReh.fvDR$
= rlqt
d w>fymfo; y,DRe.f rh>'f .k 'f gtCd b.frRoH y,DRcJv>mfvRD w>fy>>fq>
tusJwcD ymfvRD 0Jy'k.yf 'grh>yf ,DR uvkm'f .d pf o
d El';D yb.f';k '.f y,DRy'd.f
v>ty>w>fvDR$
= 0h>foDwcD yw>fvd>ft'd.fuw>>frh>fphtCd 'fod;phueh>f t*D>fCktDRv>
usJud;bd'J; 8hRrh>f8hR t>rh>f*hRtCd w>f'dwrsmf w>frRb.f'dySRcGJ; ySR,mf
tgr;vDR$
= w>fymfvDRu&>u&d tuh>ft*DRwz.f wzsg&SJ&SJb.ftCd (KRC) rh>fvD>f
c>.fo;u&> v>tpdurDRxDuw>>f (KNUP) rh>fxH&l>fuD>foJ;u&>v>
twDcd.f&d>frJ unDw>fy>>fq>vDR$ (KRC) rh>fu&>v>tpdurDR xDuw>>f
b.fq.f b.f'due.f (KNUP) xH&l>fuD>foJ; w>fwDcd.f&d>frJe. fvDR$ w>ftHR
cd.fe>fwz.fwe>fy>>f 0JvDRwH>fvDRqJ;b.ftCd e.fvDR (KRC) pH;0Jv>og
pdurDR'd.f (KNUP) wcDpH;0J v>ogwDcd.f&d.frJ w>fy>>fq> u&>cHcgtHR
teD>ef >D f tw>frRcd.o
f .h f rh>w
f >fwrHRCDvRD w>feRD z;vDRrl'gwz.fr>h w
f >f-u>;
w>fb.foemfuh w>f[H;e>ftcDynD 'fw*Rtw>fxH.ftCd uJxD.f u&>
oCJRwkRv>w>fvDRz; wpkeh.fvDR$
= (KNUP) usJ;p>;xH.fvdmfxd.f Clxd.fzd;vdmfo; (6) 0D ye>fth.fy>Rcd.f (4)
0D e>f,dRx.f (2) 0Doemfuhw>fe>fy>>fvdmfo;we>fb.f
= (vg,lR 10oD1963 eH. f) =bd.fe>f0h bd;b.f&RvDR0J'.fv>uxH.f
vdmf'D;ySRy>>fq>w>fzdv> w>frkmfw>fck.ft*D>fvDR$
= ymfw.H cf .d ef >fx.H v
f md 'f ;D rlq'd ;D wJoud;0Jv> yrh>v
f RD z;b.fq.f e>0f t
h w>fu;d
tHRy-u>; vJRoud;wzkCDvDR$ rlqdwt>.fvDR vhRwuhRb.f rhrh>fpH;0J
v>y'k;y,DR ywuG>fy,DRtrJmfb.f$ [gcDvDRtq>uwD>f rJ;upHzdoh[J
wkRqlrlqdttd.fCkmf'D; w>fzdw>fvHRweDR rh>fe>f0hqS>xD.ftDRv> u[J
xH.v
f md rf q
l v
d RD $
23

= rk>fqh.fxD.fweHR rlqd wJb.fymfwHmfcd.fe>fwz.f v>yvDRz;cHzktCdyu
vJRcHzkvDR$ p;xD.fzJe. f t0Joh.f&J.fusJR0Jv>w>fxH.fvdmft*D>fvDR
= (vg,lR 1963 eH.f) =rlqd'D; toud;wz.f vJRvDR0Jv>v>>f'd.ftusJ'D;
(KNUP) ymfwHmf vJRvDR0Jv> o.fwD.ftusJeh.fvDR$
(17)
rRw>ft>.fvDR'D;e>f0h0HR [JuhRc;
(chylR=1964)
(KRC)
(KNUP)
vD>fc>.fo;
= (vgr;&S; 1964 eH.f)=rlqdrRw>ft>.fvDR'D; ymfzSd.fuhRto; 'D; e>f0h

ySRydmfrlqdtcH rh>fok;uh (5) 'D;ok;uh (3) weDRe.fvDR$ zJrlqduwdRw>f'D;
e>f0htcg y,DRok;cd.foHu>G ftDRv> ySRpdmfpku0JR v>t[;xD.f [;vDRv>
v>>f'd.fuD>fq.f'D; qDxH;uD>fq.fwz.f rh>frwRwz.fvJ.f rlqdpH; 0Jv>wrh>f
ogySRb.f rh>fymfwHmftySRvDR ySRv>tb.fC;'D; ymfwHmftySRe.f usJtd.f'.f
xJwbdv>b.f 'k;&Su
J mHG t
f RD vDR$ p;xD.zf eJ . f rlqu
d sRJ 0J 'fo;d u[J';k &Su
J mHG yf mf
wHmftvD>fc>.fo;e.fvDR$
= rlqdtw>fusJRtCdeD.f*H>f (5) [JxD.fc;0Jy mfwHmfvD>fc>.fo; zJchylR cl.frk>f'>
ok;cd.o
f ;k zdocH v
J >mf (13) *R zD.ef > 0f o
J &.ftzl .h n
f ;l 'D; rRt>rRoD0w
J Rk toH
wpkvRD $
= ySRy>>fq>w>fzdwz.fcJv>mf xH.fvdmfo;'D; e>f0hok;y'd.f'D; w>fy>>fq> u&>
u&dzeJ > t
f cgwz.fr>h 0f =J eD.w
f ,>f*RD cD.rf LF eH;y.fw.H f &>.fc>.fc.D rf LF eH;ymfwmH f
,dRw>fy>>fq>u&> (SSLA) ucFh.fw>fy>>fq> uD>fy,DRcD.frFLeH;ymfwH.f
cFD'Duvkmfu&> ch.ftJ.f,l.fymfwH.f u&h.feH.f 'Duvkmfw>fvJRxD.fvJRxD ymf
wH.f rd>fuD>foDymfwH.f ch.ft.f&fpH.fv>rlqdwDcd.f&d.frJ0Je. fvDR
= w>fxH.fvdmf (5) 0Dw0D e>f0hymfzsgxD.f0Jw>f8h>f (5) xH.f (1) ySRy>>fq>w>fzd
wz.f ub.ft.d v
f >w>fv>D v
f >w>fymfyeD.t
f vD>f (2) wb.frRw>fu&>u&d
w>frReDwrHRb.f (3) wb.fx> w>fcdw>foJGb.f wb.frRw>fy>w>fjy;
w>frRb.f (4) r>fhtJ.f'd;[;v> w>fcs>ub.fChtcGJ;v> ySRb.frlb.f'g (5)
ub.fvlRydmfxJG w>fbs>v>w>fymfvDRtDRv> tvD>fu0DR'.f0JvDR$
24
(18) ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;uGJw>ftd.fzSd.f(ysDzd=1965) tuwD>fzJeh.f

t0Jrh>f ok;}wdR (1) cd.f
= (1965 eH.f) eH.fxD.foD=ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF; uGJw>ftd.fzSd.fzJysDzd w>f*h>f (2)
xH.f = (1) w>fubSb
D .f w>fymfyeD.'f .k 'f gcd.o
f .h v
f > ySRrRvJ>t
f .D u
f >D 'f ;D w>fu
ol.fxD.fpd&S>.fvH;bDrk>f (2) -u>;yvD>fo;v>pkph.f tw>fud;wz.f ymfwH.f
cd.fe>f wz.fpH;q>uhRv> uyvD>fo;v> w>folpkph.fw>fuwdRwz.f'D; rhrh>f
w>fbSDuhRw>fbs>wz.f w>frRtDRohzJcDu&J;tq>uwD>feh.fvDR$
(19) ok;cd.fus>.fbd.frF;'D;ymfwH.fcd.fe>fw>fxH.fvdmftd.fzSd.f (1966)

= (1966 eH.f) txD.foD ymfwH.fe> fb.fvHmfw>fuvk>fv> ok;cd.f us>>fbd.frF;
ttd.v
f > ymfwmH u
f b.f[;xD.v
f > rk>x
f .D u
f >D cf t
D RH 'D; cDqyl ud,rd ;eh.v
f RD $
uG;J e>pf >h u
f ;D puDRv>>fwt
D v mH v
f > u[Jx.H v
f md t
f RD v> w>fwo
J ud;w>f8>h f
w>fusdRwz.ft*D>fvDR$
= (1966 eH.f ) ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF; ud;rk>fxD.fuD>fcDw>ftd.fzSd.f'D; bSDuhRunD
w>fy>>fq>tusJuylR'D;'k;td.fxD.f (KNLC) eh.fvDR$
= ymfwH.fcd.fe>fwz.f Ch0Jv> w>fxH.fvdmfo;t*D>f ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF; vJRxH.f
vdmftd.foud; v>chylR,Hmf (3) oDw>ftd.fzSd.fw>fpH.fnD.ft>.fvDRwz.f (1)
w>fxk;xD.fuGHmf w>fymfyeD.f'k.f'gcd.foh.f 'ftrh>fySRrRvJ>ftD.fuD>foEl (2)
w>fxk;uGHmfw>fynd.fv> trh>fw>fol.fxD.fpd&S>.fvH;bDrk>f (3) w>f'k;td.f xD.f
rk>fxD.fuD>fcDy>qS>urH;wHmfwpd>fwvD>fwzkvDR
(20) ymfwHmfvD>fc>.fo;urH;wHmfw>ftd.fzSd.f(1967)
= (vg,lRvH 1967eH.f) =ymfwHmfvD>fc>.fo;urH;wHmf w>ftd.fzSd.f (6)
bsDwbsD w>fymfyeD.f e>f0htok; y'd.f'ftrh>frDRtd.f,>Ry'd.fv> yub.f'k;
tDR wJmw
f mJ zf sKzsKeh.v
f RD $ t8RwrHRb.fC;'D; pdb.H ,
f ;J 'D; w&l; tw>fymfo;
wvDRyvdmfv>usJoEltzDcd.f t*h>fwz.f b.fw>fpH;uwdRtDRe.fvDR
= (1967 eH.ftylR) =w&l;'D; y,DRw>fobH.fobk.fuJxD.ftCd w&l;ymfu
r.f uwdRxD'ge>f0hy'd.f 'd.f'd.frk>frk>fvDR
25

= 'Duvkmw
f >fCw
l >fz;d t*D>f w>ft.d zf .dS w
f bsDtRH Ckx>xD.0f cJ >.fp; (3) *Rv>
uvJRxH.fvdmf'D; ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF; v>trh>fpuDRv>>fwD ok;cd.fus>>fuD>f
xl bd.frD.frD.fwz.fvDR$
= ymfwmH C
f 0h v
J > w>fuxH.v
f md o
f ;t8D>f ok;cd.u
f s>>fb.d rf ;F t>.fvRD 'D; w>ft.d zf .dS f
b.fw>frRtDRzJ rk>foJ.f CJ'>w>fvD>feh.fvDR$
= ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;wD.fxD.fu'guhR chylRw>ftd.fzSd.f tw>ft>.fvDRwz.f'D; w>f
t>.fvDRwl>fvdmfoud;e.fvDR$ t0JCh0Jv>w>fuud; (KRC) w>ftd.fzSd.f'D;
t0Juwl>fw>ftd.fzSd.fw>fv>mfbl.fv>mfphRwz.fvDR$
(21) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;xHx.fpGhv>&Gh.fvh,dR=rd[hw>f'k;z;'d.f (1968=1969)
= (1968 eH.f) KNUP 'D; KNLC ud;w>ftd.fzSd.fzJ e>f,dRx.f &Sdvl>fw>fvD>f'D;
'k;td.x
f .D 0f J KNUF 'D;Ckx>xD.0f J u&>cd.v
f >rgb;p.f u&>cd.f (2) rh>o
f ;k
cd.fus>>fbd.frF;vDR
= w>fymfyeD.f uD>folvhRuD>fcDtd.f (3) bh.f (1) xHx.fphu
G D>fcD (2) yud&dr;
uD>fcD'D; (3) rk>fxD.fuD>fcDwz.fvDR$ 'k.f'gymfyeD.funDw>fy>>fq>v> ySRt
*H>f8hRuw>>f wrh>fxJ v>ok;*h>f0Db.f v>xH&l>fuD>foJ;ph>fuD;vDR$ tCd
'k.f'gxD.f'k;xHx.fphG v>rd[hw>f'k;z;'d.fv>tywD>f 1234 wkRv>t
ywD>f 10 xD.f[H;e>fw>fvD>fwz.f'D; u0DRCmf0Jv>cd'D; xHCH;CH;'D; vlR
url>f rRysD0Jw>fvD>fwz.f wwDRb.fwwDR tqduw>>fv>rFDrF;/oh.fv.f'D;
up>>fvl>fv>xHx.fpGwz.f rh>fv>w>fuDw>fcJeD>fuD>ftCd yySRwz.f
b.fCh>f[;xD.fuHmG f'D; ok;xD.fto;qlrk>fxD.fv>yud&dr;eh.fvDR$
= (1968 eH.f) uD>fq>}wJRwz.fp;xD.ftd.fqDvDRto; wwDRb.fwwDR =
zvl uD>frl&R rDzduh.f rJmfo0D oD.fvJx.f pDRx.f e;th.fxD.f Cdmfo>
zs>.f (}wJRwz.fusd.fphtw>f[JEkmf*hRr;vDR)
(22)
KNU
cDu&J; (*) 0Dw0D b.fw>frRtDRzJ wDeD.fcH (1970)
= (vgthjzhR1970eH.f)=KNU, NMSP xH.fvdmfo;'D;tlEl; (y.fvHmfr.f 'H.frd.f

u&h.fpH.fymfwHmf) zJbDuDmf'D;u&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f0J wkdif;&if;om;aygif;pkH
26
=
=
nDnw
G fa&;ESifh vGwfajrmufa&;wyfaygif;pk (wnv) wef;wla&;ESifh
udk,fydkifjyXgef;cGifhe. f tlEl;wl>fvdmf'.fxJw>fymfzSd.fo; oElvDR rhrh>fw>fpH.f
nD.fy>vDRo;cGJ;,mf (Self determination)e.f wwl>fvdmf0Jb.f weH.fCD
twD>yf Rl tlE;l u&>u&d';k td.x
f .D f (_ynfo_l ynfcspfygwD) tok;wzk';D
*DRu>fxD.fe> f0Jw>fpku0JR'D; ok;tC>RtCdmf'D; 'k;oud;w>f'D; KNU ok;
wz.fvDR
(1970 eH . f ) ='k . f ' g&J . f u sJ R (tD . f p d r d ) w>f ' k ; 'D ; xD . f ' k ; yud & d r ;
unDw>fy>>fq>v> tok;-wdR (wyfr **99) vDR
(1970 eH.f vg Nov) KNU cDu&J;(8)0Dw0D b.fw>frRtDRzJwDeD.fcH
(rJ>fo0Dtq>vmfzJ uD>fuFD.fwJmfuD>fq>) w>ftd.fzSd.fwHmfwmfwvgbsJ.f
w>ftd.fzSd.fwbsDtHR b.fw>fxk;uGHmf KNUF 'D;rRoud;uhR wrHRCD
v> KNU u&>tw>f w D c d . f & d . f r J t yl R vD R w>f C k x >xD . f u&>
cd.f=uD>fcd.frgb;p.f u&>cd.f (2)=ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF; eJ.f&J.G fcd.fus>>f=bd.f
ogtD.f eJ.f&GJ.fcd.fus>>foCJR=bd.frD.frD.f cdoGJusd.fph0JRusdRcd.f=zkv>>f0g
oh.fyS>f0JRusdRcd.f=y'd.fo.fyFH; ul.fohqJ;vR0JRusdRcd.f= y'd.f*hR'GJbgG ql.f
cshrRp>R0JRusdRcd.f=y'd.fcFgvh.f wz.fvDR
(1970 eH.f)=vD>fc>.fo;[h.fvDRrl'gql y'd.fb;oh.f (w>fu&>u&durH;
wH m f c d . f ) ok ; cd . f ' d . f p D o h (urH ; wH m f t eJ . f & G J . f ) 'D ; ok ; cd . f ' d . f w D v ;
(ok;*h>f0Drl'gcd.f) v>uvJR[H;rl'gwDcd.f&d.frJbsH;'0J>fuD>f&h.ft*D>fvDR
(23) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;yud&dr;v>tD.fpdrdw>f'k;z;'d.f (1971=1972)

= (1971 eH.f) tlEl;vJRqluD>fth',>f'D; bd;b.f&RvDR0Jv> urRuhR'.f
w>fbl.f w>fbgtw>frRvDR
= (1971 eH.f)= (_ynfol_ ynfcspfygwD) tok;qDvDRto;v>b sH;'0J>fe;th.f
wD.fwz.f &J.fusJR0Jv>u[H;e>fy> unDtp>>fx;w>frRvD>fwz.ftCd
w>fqS>vDR KNLA ok;&h.f (101) ok;uh(7) ok;uh(1)v>uvJR'k;zsd;
uGHmftDRvDR
= (1972 eH.f)=uD>fcd.frgb;p.fwDcd.f7d.frJ'k;td.fxD.f (RNLA) Revolutionary
Nationalities Liberation Alliance)
27
(24) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;yud&dr; (1973)

= (1973 eH.f)='k.f'gxk;uhRtok; (wyfr 88 'D;qS>xD.f0J wyfr 77) v>u
'k; obSH;yud&dr;eh.fvDR$ w>fCH;t'd.fuw>>fv> yw>fy>>fq>zdwz.ft*D>f
rh>fw>ftD.fvDR$ yySRwz.fzJ;ck;tgvD>f 'k.f'gxD.frR[;*DR0JcJv>mf b.f[;Ck
tD.fw>ftD.f 0HtD.fpdmftD.fuDcJ'd.fr;uoH.fuoDwtd.fb.f w>fuDw>fcJv>
yySRt*D>f'd.fr;vDR$
= (1973 eH.f) =w>fvDRz;td.fxD.fv>unDw>fy>>fq>tylR KNU 'D; KNUP
'k;vdmf ,Rvdmfo;zJv>>f'd.fuD>fq.fvDR
(25)
KNU
cDu&J; (9) 0Dw0D y[H.fvl>f uD>fuFD.fwJmf (1974)
= (vgr;&S;=th_zhR 1974 eH.f)= (KNLA) ok;wz.f xD.f'k; 0h>frF;0wH>fv>

w>f'k;z;'d.f v>u[H;e>fy>t*D>f b.fq.fxD.fwe>fb.f
= (1974 eH.f) =KNU 'D; KNUP 'k;vdmf,Rvdmfo; zJv>>f'd.fuD>fq.f
ok;cd.fv>wDcd.f&d.frJw>f'k;v> KNU wuyRrh>f0Jok;cd.f'd.fup>>f'd.f ok;cd.f
'd.fusJ;pwd'D; KNUP wuyRrh>f0Jok;cd.fuFD;vDR
= (vg,lRvH1974 eH.f)='k.f'g(rqv)tubD,lR'k;ok;(5)bh.f[J'fod;
u'k;vDRyvhRuGHmf unDtok;v>'k;vdmfto;v> v>>f'd.fuD>fq.fwz.f
b.fwJ;'D; vhzJqDxH;uD>fq.f'D; vDRwJmf[;*DRcJv>mfvDR
= (vgtD;uxdb>.f 1974 eH.f)= KNUP 'D; KNU cd.fe>fwz.f xH.fvdmf
td.foud; zJpDRx.fv>w>fClw>fzd;t*D>f w>fxH.fvdmfwbsDtHR zsgv>
w>fo;ql.fwtd.fuJ.fqd; v>cHuyRv>mfb.f w>ft>.fvDRe>f'.f wqH;w
uh>f v>w>fuqJ;usd;vdmfo;'D; rRp>Rvdmfo;zJ'k.f'gxD.f'k; ySRtcgvDR$
= (vgtD;uxdb>.f 8oD 1974)=KNUcDu&J; (9) 0Dw0D b.fw>frRtDR
zJy[H.v
f >l f (olreJS RH ) uD>u
f .DF w
f mJ f w>fCx
k >xD.f uD>cf .d =f rgb;p.f u&>cd.f
(2)=ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF; eJ.f&J.G fcd.fus>>f=bd.frD.frD.f eJ.f&J.G fcd.fus>>foCJR=
= bd.fogtD.f cdoJu
G sd.fph0JRusdRcd.f=zkv>>f0g oh.fyS>f0JRusdRcd.f=y'd.fo.fyFH;
ul.f ohqJ;vR0JRusdRcd.f=y'd.fbD,lRzD ql.fcshrRp>R0JRusdRcd.f=y'd.fcFgvh.f 0H
pdmfwDqS>0JRusdRcd.f= y'd.f*hR'GJbgG z.ft.fuD>f&h.fcd.f=zkrgohoh.fwz.fvDR$
28

= (vg'H.fpJb>.f 1974)
1974)= (KPLA) ok;&h.f ok;cd.f'd.fo.fph.f'D; tok;&h.fySR
(100) bsJ.ftd.fv>yud&dr;'D;[JuhRcDy&Jvdmfusdv>rluD>fq.ftylR'k.f'g
tok;&J.fvDRto; v>xHu>>fcd.f'D; cd;c;tDRb.fq.f cDzsd0Je> f8hR8hRvDR$
= (1974 eH.f) w>fu&>u&dvDRwH>fvDRqJ; uhRuvkmf'l.fw>fu&>u&d (NDF)
zJrRe>RysDvDR
= (1974 eH.f) w>fwhxD.fbSDxD.f vD>fc>.fo;0JRusdR0JR'>;wz.fzJrRe>RysDvDR
(26) KNUP 'D; KNU rReh>fuhRw>fClw>fzd; 'k.f'gtwJmf (4) wJmf

w>f'k; (1975)
= (1975 eH.f vgthjzhR) = KNUP ok;cd.fus>>frF;rD.fok;cd.f'd.fuFD.foD'D;
vD>fc>.fo; cd.fe>fweDR'D; ok;cd.fok;zdcJv>mf (100) [;xD.fv>yud&dr;'D;
[JuhRcDqlrk>fxD.fcDy&JvdmfusdzJ rh;ovh.f rluD>fq.f'D; cDxHtcg'k.f'gc;
t0Joh.ftCd vDRtk;oH (9) *RvDR$ wkRzJy[H.fy>Rcd.fw>f'k;uJxD.f'D; 'k.f'g
w0D0HRvJRxD.fqlngw>f'k;uJxD.fu'D; zJpDRc.f'>'D; ok;uh (3) w0D'D;
tySRoHuHmG fw*RvDR$ vg,lRtylR[JuhRwkRuhRv> KNU vD>fc>.fo;vDR
= (vgrhR 28 oD 1975 eH.f)=w>fu&>u&dxD.f (FNDF) Federal National
Democratic Front)
= (vg,lR (26) oD 1975 eH.f)=KNUP'D; KNUxH.fvdmftd.fzSd.foud;'D;

'd;e>fb.fuhRw>fClw>fzd;cHuyRv>mfvDR
= (vgtD;uxdb>.f (13=28) oD 1975 eH.f)=KNUP w>ftd.fzSd.fb.fw>f
rRtDRzJ'lw>fCh w>fu>G fu'guhRymfwHmf w>frRwz.f'D; qduwD>fuHGmfymf
wH.v
f RD
= (vg'H.fphb>.f (29) oD 1975 eH.f)=cd.fe>fcHuyRv>mft>.f vDRqJ;vDRt
rHRv> urRoud;w>fv> (KNU)'f (1974) eH.f tusJuylRtzDvmfeh.fvDR$
= (1975 eH.f) txD.f 'k.f'gp;xD.fw>f'k;z;'d.fwJmf (4) wJmfv>rk>fxD.fuD>fcD
uD>f&h.f ok;uhwz.f rRw>f'k;ql.fql.fuvJmfoukRq;'; rRt>rRe;
xHzduD>fzdtuvkmfuvkmf xHzduD>fzdwz.fb.fe;b.fzSD.f'd.fr; o.f0HRvDR'd
b.foHuHmG f*D>frk>fv>yS>fv>fusge.fvDR xHzduD>fzdwz.ftd.fqd;uhR v>xHvD>f
uD>fylRwohv>Rb.f'D; Ch>fxD.fuHmG fv>t[D.fu0DRylR'D; vJRxD.ftd.fv>uD>f
29

uFD.fwJmfuD>fq>e.fvDRtCd b.fw>f'k;td.fxD.f z;vJ>f'Ju0DRv>uD>fuFDmfwJmf
tylRvDR
= (1975 eH.f)=vD>fc>.fo;cd.fe>f [h.fxH&l>fuD>foJ;w>frRvdzJ z.ft.f uD>f&h.f
ySRwDcd.f&d.frJw>frh>f uD>fcd.frgb;p.f bd.fogtD.f bd.frD.frD.f zkpuDRv>>fwD
wz.f'D; ySRxD.fw>frRvd [Jv>uD>f&h.fud;bh.f'J; teD>f*H>fcJv>mf70bsJ.fvDR
= (1975 eH.)f =uvkm'f .l o
f ;k w>frRvd b.fw>f&.J u
f sJRrRtDRv> rR e>RysD (unD
,dR u&h.feH.f ucFh.f &>.fc>.f) wz.fxD.fok;w>frRvdwbsDtHRzJrRe>RysD
(27) qDvDR (KNU) 0JRvD>fcd.foh.f zJrRe>RysD 'D; y>jy;0JRusdRw>fzH;w>frR
wz.f (1976)
= (vg,lRetg&H.f 15 oD 1976 eH.f)=w>fymfzSd.fxD.fuhRo; wzk CD'D;
w>feDR[h.fvDRrl'gv> cd.fe>fwz.f=uD>fcd.frgb;p.f rh>fv>o;yS>fvH'D; w>ftd.f
ql.t
f .d cf shw8hRv>Rb.ftCd w>fCx
k >[h.t
f RD rl'gv>urH;wHm'f ;d w>f,;l
,D.f ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF; uJxD.fuhRuD>fcd.f uD>fcd.f (cH)=y'd.fo.fyFH; eJ.f
&J.G f=bd.frD.frD.f eJ.f&J.G foCJR=bd.fogtD.f ul.fohqJ;vR0JRusdRcd.f=y'd.fb;
oh.f ql.fcshrRp>R0JRusdRcd.f=y'd.fcFgvh.f ol.fzs;0JRusdRcd.f=tlpdtD.f p>>fx;
0JRusdRcd.f=y'd.frF;rD.f w>fu&>u&d0JRusdRcd.f=zkpuDRv>>fwD 0HpdmfwDqS>
0JRusdRcd.f=y'd.f*hR'GJbgG wz.fvDR
= qDvRD ymfvRD w>fy>w>fjy;0JRusRd w>fz;H w>frRwz.fw>fu&>u&dw>frRod.rf RHS
u&>w>frRxH*kmfuD>f8Rw>frRwz.f v>rRe>RysD0JRvD>fcd.foh.fvDR
= (vgrhR (10) oD 1976 eH.f) = w>fu&>u&d'k;td.fxD.fvDRwH>fvDRqJ;
(NDF) zJrRe>RysD u&>cd.=
f rgb;p.f u&>td.t
f zk (9) zkv>trh>=f unD
ucF. f ,dR ytd.f &>.fc>.f u,g rd>f u&.feH.f yvD.fwz.fvDR
= td;xD.f (NDF) ok;usdRwz.f eDRz;vDRod.frSHRok;u&l>fwz.f'D; [l;*JR0Jv>
w>f'k;w>f,Rv>uvkmf'l.f[D.fu0DRwz.ftylRvDR
(2*) w>fy>w>fjy; w>frR w>fu&>u&dw>frR ok; *h>f0Dw>frRwz.f
vJRxD.fvJRxD (1977=1983)eH.f
30

= (p;xD.fv> 1970=1983 eH.f)= KNU td;xD.fuD>fq>}wJR usd.fphw>f[JEkmf
v>}wJRwz.f'ftrh>fzJx.f oD.fvJx.f rJ.fvJ;x.f rJ>fo0D rDRzduh.f rJ.f
w&H; uD>frl&R zvl Cd.fo>zs>.f e;th.fwD.f rdwD.fwz.f'D; ySRuRw>f
zdwz.f[JEkmftgr;vDR$ tCd uD>folvhRy'd.fw>fzH;w>frRwz.f vJRxD.fvJR
xD'd.fr;e.fvDR
= (vgr;&S; 1977 eH.f)=uD>frl&R-wJRvD>fvHRw>f'k;'k.f'gtd.f v>rF; 0wH.fc;
vDRusdz;'d.f(120rr)'D;xD.f'k;}wJRv>w>f'k;z;'d.fvDR
= oh.fw>frRwz.f b.fw>fp;xD.frRtDR'D; w>f[JEkmftd.ftgr;vDR$
= y KNLA ok;uh ok;&h.fwz.f 'k;td.fxD.fw>f'k;z;'d.f w>f'k;zd w>f'k;pJ;_yJ;
'D;ok;usdRw>f'k;wz.fe> ftgr;tCd rRvDRobSH;'k.f'gtgr;vDR$
= (vgpJ;yxhb>.f (28)oD 1980 eH.f)='k.f'gxD.f'k;rJmfo0D}wJR'D;[l;*JRv>
[D.fu0DRtgbh.ftylRvDR
= (vged.f0hb>.f 1982 =vg,lRetg&H.f 1983 eH.f)=vD>fc>.fo; xH&l>fuD>f
oJ;w>frRvd uFcd .d rf >h zf pk uDRv>>fw'D ;D vD>cf >.fo;cd.ef >ftg*R ySRxD.f w>frR
vdzdcJv>mf (200) bsJ.fvDR
= (vgtD;uxdb>.f (24) oD 1983 eH.f)=KNLA vJRzD.fe>fjz.fph.f'Drg0R
(2) *R v>rFJ.fuvh bHv;rFh.fpJ;zDu[.ftylR'D; [JuhRud;0J'D; b.fw>f&R
vDRw>fupD.fvDR
= (1983) KNU qDvDRw>f&RvDRw>fuvk>f (Broatcast Station) zJrDzduh.f
ySRwDcd.f&d.frJw>frh>f y'd.fpDRwD y'd.fusd.fxlwz.fvDR
(29) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;xHq>uD>fq>-wJRwz.fcJv>mf (1984=1987)

= (1984 vg,lRetg&H.f (31) oD) ='k.f'gxD.f'k;rJmfo0D rJ>fo0D}wJRvDRql
'k.f'gtpkylRvDR
= 'k.f'gxD.f'k;w>fv>uD>fq> w>fvD>fud;wDR'J;'D; 'k;rRe>f}wJRtgbh.fv> td.f
ol.fvDRto;v>uD>fq>wz.fvDR
= (vgtDu>; 16 oD 1984)
1984) w>f'k;v>uD>frl&Rql.ftq>uwD>f ubD,lR
v> (bhuvg'h;) wbh.f[J,lRcD}wJR ySRc;tDRvDRwJmfv>,dRuD>f wuyR
pdmC
f mk pf >h u
f ;D 'D; ph*>D rf >k f w>fw,mfv>tw>frRub.fxv
JG > uoH.rf Rl bS;d vDR$
31

= ySRb.fuDb.fcJwz.fEkmfvDRtd.fv> uD>fuFD.fwJmftylR v>'Ju0DRwz.f &Sdusd
cs>.fcd.f bDeD.f v>>fyD>f[> [Ghuvd; 'D;w>fvD>ftgwDRvDR$
= yok;wz.ftw>f[;l w>f*RJ v> ok;usRd v>w>frmJ n
f gvDRpSR'D; tgwuh>b
f .f[J
uhR*>RuhR-wJRv>uD>fq>wz.fvDR
= 1984 zhRjblRtR&HR (20) KNU Radio Station b.fw>fok;uGHmftvD>fv>
rDzduh.f qlw>fvD>ft*RvDR
= (zhR-bLRtg&HR (20) oD) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;'D; rRe>f0JrDzduh.f}wJRvDR
= (1984 eH.f) tylR 'k.f'gxD.f'k;uD>frl&R-wJRv>w>f'k;ql.fql.fuvJmf 'k;v>
w>frJmfngwe>f cDxHusd'D;'k;v>,dRuD>fwuyR 'DweH.fus>Rw>f'k;zd w>f
'k;z;'d.f uJxD.ftgbsD'D; yySRrRe>f'k.f'gtusd*D>frk>fvDR
(30) uD>fy,DRylRurs>>fChxD.f'H.frd.fu&h.fpH.fcGJ;,mf(1988)
= (vg,lR 1988 eH.f) =KNU 'D;rd>fuD>foD (NMSP) 'k;vdmfo;v> Cdmfo>
zs>.f}wJRvDR
= (8$8$1988)
(8$8$1988)=urs>>f/ uFdzd/ oDbk.foDcg ySRtwD>fywD>f tuvkmfuvkmf
ChxD.f 'H.frd.fu&h.fpH.fc;JG ,mfv> uD>fy,DRylR (e0w) ok;c;oHySRuFdzd'D;
urs>>f'D; oDbk.f oDcg*D>frk>f (rqv) ymfwHmfvDRySD>f e>f0h ph.fv.G f rD.frD.f
y'd.fvDRySD>fuHmG f
= (pJ;yxJb>.f (18) oD)= (e0w) (Akdvfapmarmif AkdvfcifneG f) xD.f[H;e>f
w>fpdw>furDR
= ySRuFdzd'D; 'H.frd.fu&h.fpH.fu&l>fu&>wz.f [JxD.fCh>fqlw>fy>>fq> [D.f
u0DRylR'D; y0J KNU wz.f ywl>fvdmft0Joh.f'D; qD.fxGJrRp>Rt0Joh.f
v>usJtgbdvDR
= vged . f 0 h b >.f 1 8oD 1988 eH . f =w>f u &>u&d ' k ; td . f x D . f (DAB)
zJrJmfw&H; w>fynd.frh>f=w>f'k;vDRySD>fok;rDRpd&dR 'H.frd.fu&h.fpH.foEl
w>frkmfw>fck.f w>fol.fxD.fzJ.f'&J.f uD>fp>zSd.ft*D>fu&>cJv>mftd.ftzk (20)
zkvRD $
32
(31) xH&l>fuD>foJ;w>f[l;w>f*JRql.fxD.f
(1989=1992)
(KNU)
cDu&J; (10) 0Dw0D
= uD>fy,DRxH&l>fuD>foJ;u&>tgzk ol.fvDRqDvDRt0JRvD>fzJrRe>RysD od.frSHR

u&>tgzktw>fzH;w>frR *hRxD.fvDR
= 'k.f'gxD.f'k;z;'d.f}wJRwz.f'D; uD>fq>w>fvD>fwbsK;wDR'D; v>uD>fylR w>fvD>f
tgwDR }wJRwz.fvDRuGHmfql'k.f'gtpkylR wbh.f0HRwbh.fvDR
= vgrhR(27) oD 1990eH.f rh>fuD>fy,DR'Dbh.f w>fCkx>trl;z;'d.f NLD
rRe>Rw>fv>w>fCx
k >wbsDtRH SNLD rh>u
f &>v>trRe>Rw>f (2) zkwzk
v>w>fCkx>wbsDtHR
= (etz) w[h.fvDRw>fpdw>furDRv>u&>v>trRe>Rw>fwzk tpkylRb.f
w[h.f w>ftcGJ;v>w>fuud; bsD.f'd.f w>ftd.fzSd.f'D; ymfvDRtw>fzH;w>frR
w>f&J.fw>fusJRwz.fb.f
= (etz) zD.fCH;tgxD.f NLD c>.fp;'D; bsD.f'd.fc>.fp;v>trRe>Rw>f
wz.ftCd bsD.f'd.fc>.fp;v> xHzduD>fzdCkx>xD.ftDRwz.f rRuhR xH&l>f
uD>foJ;w>frRv>uD>fylRwohv>Rb.ftCd [JxD.fCh>fqlunD w>fy>>f
q>[D.fu0DRylR'D;qDvDRtw>frRvD>fzJrRe>RysDe.fvDR
= vg'H.fpJb>.f (18) oD 1990eH.f=tlph.f0h'D; bsD.f'd.fc>.fp;wz.f u&>u&d'k;
td.fxD.f NCGUB y'd.f zJrRe>RysD y (KNU) qD.fxJrG Rp>Rt0Joh.fvDR
= 1991 eH.f=etzxD.f'k; yw>fy>>fq>v>w>fvD>foukRq;';vDR
= (vged.f0hb>.f (18)=vg'H.fpJb>.f (30) 1991 eH.f)=(KNU) cDu&J;
(10) 0D w 0D b .f w >f r RtD R zJ r Re>RysD w>f C k x >xD . f u&>cd . f = ok ;
cd.fus>>fbd.frF; u&>cd.f(cH)= y'd.fogtD.f eJ.f&GJ.fcd.fus>>f=y'd.fb;oh.f
eJ>f&J.G fcd.fus>>foCJR (1)= y'd.fp.fvh eJ.f&J.G fcd.fus>>foCJR (2)=ok;cd.fus>>f
rD.frD.f ul.foh0JRusdRcd.f=y'd.f&S.G f,;[J xH*kmfuD>f*R0JRusdRcd.f=Dr rRw>f
cdoJ0G JRusdRcd.f=y'd.fusd.fxl oh.fyS>f0JRusdRcd.f=y'd.ftD.fqg ol.fzs;0JRusdRcd.f
y'd.fpdtD.fw>fu&>u&d0JRusdRcd.f=y'd.fuD>fpd'D; 0JRusdRcd.ft*Rwz.fvDR
= vg,lRetg&H.f (1) oD 1992 eH.f = (e0w) xD.f'k;xGH.fzg0Hpdv>w>f'k;
z;'d.f [D.fu0DRv>td.fbl;'D;rRe>RysD0JRvD>fcd.foh.fvDR
33

= vg,lRvH 30 oD 1992 eH.f rRe>RysDw>ft>.fvDR u&>z;'d.f (4)
zkv>trh>f (DAB), NCGUB, NLD-LA, NDF) wz.ftd.f'D; w>ft>.fvDR
tDvRD w>fynd.rf >h 'f o
f ;d w>f';k vDRyS>D o
f ;k rDRpd&Rd ol.x
f .D 'f .H rf .d u
f &h.pf .H f oEl
w>fxJod;wkRod;cGJ;,mf w>fol.fxD.fzJ.f'&J.fuD>fp>zSd.ft*D>fvDR
= vgpJ;yxJb>.f 22oD 1992 eH.f = w>f'k;td.fxD.f NCUB 'ftrh>fu&>v>
wDcd.f&d.frJod.frSHRu&>cJv>mft'd.fuw>>f
= eH.fbl;uv>mf (e0w) ywkmf xGH.fzg0HuFdw>f'k;'D; bd;b.f&RvDR0Jv>
ywkmfw>f'k;'D; KNU rh>fv>tJ.f'd; rRw>frkmfw>fck.f'D; uvkmf'l.fwz.ft
CdvDR w>f*h>frd>fyS>frh>fv>w>fxD.f'k;xGH.fzg0Hpde.f tok;wz.fb.f'db.fxH;
tgr;'D;xD.f'k;0Jwe>fv>Rb.f'D;r>ql.fr>pd;ySR0Hw>f'D;rRb.f'dySRcGJ;
ySR,mftgtzDcd.f w>fupD.foewz.f&RvDRw>f*h>fw>fusdRtgr;tCdvDR
(32) (e0w) ywk m f C .f w >f ' k ; 'D ;
(1993=1994)
KNU
tcg
DKBA
uJ x D . f
= 1993eH.f txD.f (e0w) ysJvDRtJ.fj'LrF;[.f v>u[Jv>rRe>RysD/ [JxH.f

vdmf'D; KNU cd.fe>fwz.fv>uvJRxH.fvdmfpH;uwdRw>f'D; (e0w)t*D>fvDR
= vgrhR(3)oD 1993eH.f oDcgcDwD.f p;xD.fEkmfvDR[l;*JRv>unDok;rk>f'd.f
v>td.fv>w>frJmfngwz.ftusgvDR
= (1993 eH.f) (etz) bd;b.f&RvDR0Jv> ywkmfw>f'k;'D; KNU tCdw>f'k;
w>f,RywkmfC.fto;v>w>fvD>fweDRvDR
= (1993 vg,lRetg&HR))=w>f'k;td.fxD.f (KORD) v>w>fuwdp>RrRp>RySR
b.fuDb.fcJt*D>fvDR
= 'k.'f gywkmC
f .fw>f';k v>[D.u
f 0DRylR wc;vDRuszd ;'d.v
f >uD>rf &l R}wJRv>Rb.f
= ywkmfC.fw>f'k;v> w>fvD>ftgwDRb.fq.fv> w>fvD>fweDR w>f'k;pJ;jyJ;'D;
b.fo*>>fw>f'k;uJxD.fvDR$
= (vg'H.fpJb>.f 1994 eH.f) =DKBA uJxD.f w>f'k;w>f,Rtd.fxD.fv>olrJG
x.fvDR
= rJF.fuFHil.foDcgqJ;usd;rRoud;w>f'D; 'k.f'g (etz)'D; cd.fz>.fbD[J uhR'k;eJ.f
(etz) tusJ'D; [JuhR'k;uhRrRe>RysDvDR
34
(33) rRe>RysD uD>frl&R vDRql'k.f'gtpkylR'D;

w0D rJ>fo&Dx.f (1995)
KNU
cDu&J; (11) 0D
= (vg,lRetg&H.f 27 oD 1995 eH.f) = 'k.f'gxD.f'k;rRe>frRe>RysDvD>f

c>.fo;cDzsd DKBA tw>frRp>RtCdvDR
= (vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f20 oD 1995 eH.f)='k.f'gxD.f'k;uD>frl&R c;vDRusdz;
'd.fql.fql.fuvJmf v>cHuw>>f'k.f'grRe>f uD>frl&RvDR
= (vgthjzhR 1995) (e0w)=[JrRysDrR&SJuhR uD>frl&Rw>fvD>f'D;rR*hR
rR0guhRtok;v>toHwz.f (oydwfow
G f) p;xD.fv> (1984=1995)
eH.f twD>fylR tySRoHcJv>mf 4700 bsJ.fvDR$
= (vco) ok;to;ql'lys.f,.fuD>f&h.f ueJvh *DRvh.fcH xHuys>R'D;
xHCDRcH (o0DoD)vDR
= (vgth_zR 25oD 1995 eH.f) = DKBA 'D; (e0w) EkmfvDR'GJ.ftl rJ>f&>f
rd>f'Ju0DR 'D; bDeD.f'Ju0DRwz.fvDR
= (vgr;&S; 1995 eH.f)='k.f'gxD.f'k;ueJvh 'lysmf,mfuD>f&h.f (vco)
ok; to;ql*DRvhRcHvDR
= (vgth_zR))=w>fu&>u&d'k;td.fxD.fok;uh (5) zJ*DRvh.fcHok;uh (5) zDvmf
td.f'D;ok;&h.f(3)&h.fv>trh>f=o& 101 102 103 wz.fvDR
) .f'gxD.f'k;*DRvh.fcH (o0c) 'D; (vco) ok;to;qlxH
= (vgthjzhR)='k
uys>R'D; xHCDRcH (o0DoD)vDR
= vg,lRvH KNU cDu&J; (11) 0Dw0D b.fw>frRtDRzJrJmfo&Dx.f uD;w
&H;uD>fq.f 'lysmf,>fuD>f&h.f b.fw>fCkx>xD.f u&>cd.f=ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;
u&>cd.f (2)= ok;cd.fus>>f&.G fq> eJ.f&J.G fcd.fus>>f=y'd.fb;oh.f eJ.f&SJ.G fcd.fus>>f
oCJR (1) y'd.frg&S.fvgzg eJ.f7J.G fcd.fus>>f oCJR (2) y'd.f xlxlvh 'D; 0JR
usdRcd.fe>ft*Rwz.fvDR
= (e0w) c>.fp;wz.f [JxH.fvdmf'D; KNU cd.fe>fv>w>fxH.fvdmfpH;
uwdRw>ft*D>f (tlc.d rf ;F tlxt
d .D cf .hF f tlt.h pf rd .HF )f wz.f[x
J .H v
f md 'f ;D KNU
cd.fe>fwz.f v>cd.fe>fuvJRxH.fvdmf'D; (etz) t*D>fvDR
= (vg'H.fpJb>.f (13) oD)=KNU c>.fp;y'd.fcsH.fph ok;cd.feh>fpd y'd.frgpwHv;
'D;toud;wz.fvJRxH.fvdmf'D; (etz) tqduw>>fwbsDvDR
35

= unDb.fub
D .fc'J u
J 0DRtgxD.f usmd yf mf/ rJm,
f RJ / uwkmu
f s/d rJmcf gcH/wz.fvRD
(34)
KNUc>.f p ;w>f v J R xH . f v d m f ' D ;
(e0w) (1996)
= (vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f (15) oD)= KNU c>.fp;y'd.frg&S.fvgzg y'd.ftD.fqg

'D; toud;wz.fvRJ xH.v
f md 'f ;D (etz)v>w>fywkmw
f >f';k w>f,Rt*D>v
f RD
= vg,lR(26)
(26)=KNU c>.fp; y'rg&S.fvgzg ok;cd.fus>>frD.frD.f'D; toud;
wz.fvJRxH.fvdmf'D; (etz)
= vged.f0hb>.f20oD=KNU c>.fp;ok;cd.fus>>fw>frs>fbD y'rg&S.fvgzg'D;
toud;wz.fvJRxH.fvdmf'D; (etz)
= w>fvJRwbsDv>fv>f (etz) Ch0Jv>w>fupl;uGHmf nduHmG fw>fzD.f pku0JR
tusJ';D Ekmv
f RD qlopJ ;uv>RylR b.fC;w>fCt
h RH KNU wl>v
f md w
f ohb.f
tCd v>cHuw>>fw>fxH.fvdmfpH; uwdRtHR[;*DR eh.fvDR$
(35) w>f x H . f v d m f [ ;*D R 'D ; (e0w)p;xD . f u 'guh R w>f ' k ; w>f , R
(1997=1999)
= 1997 w>f'k;td.fxD.f CIDKPv>uCke> fw>frRp>Rv>xHvD>fuD>fylRySRb.fuD
b.fcJwz.ft*D>fvDR
= (vg,lRetg&HR (7) oD 1997 eH.f)=uvkmf'l.f w>ftd.fzSd.fzJrJmf o&Dx.ftd.f
'D; rJmfo&Dx.fw>ft>.fvDRv> w>fqD.fxJ'G H.frd>fu&h.fpH.f w>f[l;w>f*JRwz.f
vDR
(vg,lRtg&H.f (28) oD 1997 eH.f)=DKBA'D; (e0w) 'GJ.ftl [Gu
=(vg,l
vd;
'Ju0DR
= (vg,lRetg&H.f (29) oD 1997 eH.f)=DKBA 'D; (e0w) 'GJ.ftlrJ>fv;'J
u0DR
= (vg,lRtg&H.f ) 1997 eH.f=DKBA'D; (e0w) 'GJ.ftlrDu>'Ju0DR
= (1997 eH.f vg,lRetg&H.f (31) oD)=w>frRvRuyDRunDw>fy>>fq>
zJxHuys>Rtq>uwD>f tlcd.frF;'D;unDcd.fe>fv> (etz) Ckx>xD.ftDR
wz.f [JxH.fvdmf'D; KNU cd.fe>fv>w>fxH.fvdmfpH; uwdRw>f'D; (etz)
t*D>fvDR
36

= w>frRvRuyDRrk>ef RH 'd.0f RH KNU wwl>v
f md f (e0w) tw>fCw
h z.fb.ftCd
w>fxH.fvdmfpH;uwdR[;*DR'D; e0w xD.f'k; uD>folvhR[D.fu0DRoukRq;';
v>uD>f&h.fok;uhud;bh.f'J;'D;rRt>rRoDw>fe;e;uvJmfvDR
= (vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f 13 oD)='k.f'gxD.f'k;xHCDRcH (o0DoD) (vco) 'D;xH
uys>R (o0c) wz.fvDR
= (vgzhR-bLRtg&HR 25 oD 1997 eH.f)=ok;rk>f[J'D; tok;zdweDRvJR[h.fvDR
to;v>'k.f'gtpkylR (etz) ok;cd.frD.f t h,D>funD'Duvkmf eD.fw,>fzJ
w>f&J.fw>fusJRtcgvDR
= (vgr;&S; 1997 eH.f)='lysmf,mfuD>f&h.f urs>>fySRb.fuDb.fcJwz.f EkmfvDR
ql uD>fuFD.fwJmftylR ed.fzd'Ju0DRuJxD.f
= (vgr;&S;(3) 1997 eH.f)=uFDeH.fxl vlo>.fxl (God Army) uJ xD.fv>
bsH;'0J>fuD>f&h.fwuyR
= (vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (11) oD 1998 eH.f)= DKBA 'D; (e0w) 'GJ.ftl[cG
vd; 'Ju0DRcH0Dw0D
= vgth_zR(6)oD 1998eH.f=y'd.ftD.fqgwDcd.f&d.frJ'D;tySRok;zdoH.fzdCkmf
'D;uFdzd'D;t[H.fzdCDzdcJv>mf ySR280 td.fv> rJR0hRusdwz.f uhRvDRql'k.f'g
(etz)ttd.f uhRpdmfCkmf'D; w>fpku0JR*D>frk>fvDR
= (vg'H.fpJb>.f 14 oD 1998 eH.f)=uvkmf'l.fwz.f w>fClw>fzd;tw>ftd.fzSd.f
b.fw>frRtDRtd.'f ;D w>ft>.fvRD wl>v
f md w
f >f8>h w
f z.f b.fw>fo.h n
f gymfyeD.t
f RD
'ftrh>folrJGusdw>ft>.fvDR$
= (vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f 1998 eH.f)=rJmf,JR usdmfymf'Ju0DRok;to; qlrJR&R
rdR'Ju0DR
= vD>cf >.fo;cd.ef >fwz.f[EJ mk v
f RD td.v
f >0h>rf q
J ;D qDvRD y-wDmt
f w>frRvD>w
f z.f
= unDySRw0>wz.ftd.fxD.ftgr;=KWO, KYO, FTUK, KSNG, KHRG,
KESAN, KORD, CIDKP
= (vgzhR-bLRtg&HR 1999 eH.f)=[Ghcvd;'Ju0DRok;to;qltlzF.f'Ju0DR

= (vgtD;uxdb>.f (1) oD 1999 eH.f)=(Vigorous Burmese Students
Warrior) EkmfvDR[H;e>fy>RC.fy>RuD>fy,DRrD>foDt0JR'>;v>0h>fbDuDmfvDR
= vg'H.fpJb>.f 1999eH.f= w>fud;unDw>fClw>fzd;w>ftd.fzSd.f (Unity
Seminar) tqduw>>fwbsD zJ'lysmf,mfuD>f&h.f b.fw>fwDcd.f&d.frJtDR
v>(KNU))
37
(36) KNU cDu&J; (12) 0Dw0D vh0g z.ft.fuD>f&h.f (2000=2003)

= (etz) xD . f ' k ; KNU tq>wxD . f w J m f b .f ' D ; rRt>rRe;urs>>f
wz.f'd.f'd.frk>frk>fv>[D.fu0DRud;bh.f'J;tylR
= vg'H . f p J b >.f = KNU cD u &J ; (12) 0D w 0D b.fw>frRtDRzJvh0g
z.ft.fuD>f&h.f y'd.fb;oh.fph.f b.fw>fCkx>xD.ftDRv> KNU u&>cd.f
u&>cd.f (2) = ok;cd.u
f s>>fb.d rf ;F eG.J &f .JG cf .d u
f s>>f=y'd.rf g&S.v
f gzg eG.J &f .JG o
f CJR
(1) y'd.f xlxlvh eJ.f&J.G foCJR (2) y'd.f'hbh;o;uyDRwz.fvDR
= (vgrhR 302003 eH.f)=(etz) qD.fwH>frRe>R 'D.fpl; tlwh.ftl'D; ySR*JRvdmf
w>fv>'H.frd>fu&h.fpH.fwz.f zJ'H.fyJ,h'D;ySRoH'D;ySRb.f'd*D>frk>fvDR
= &RpgvHRtH.fprh *kmfusJ;p>R'fod; SPDC 'D;'D.fpl; uxH.fvdmfpH;uwdRw>f
b.fq.f tw>frRwuJxD.fb.f
(37)
KNU
cDu&J; (13) 0Dw0D vh0g z.ft.fuD>f&h.f (2004)
= (vg,lRetg&H.f)=ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;'D; vD>fc>.fo;cd.fe>fwz.fvJR xH.fvdmf'D;

(etz) v>w>fywkmfw>f'k;w>f,Rt*D>f ('d;e>fb.fx;cd.fw>ft>.fvDR
(Verbal agreement) v>w>fywkmfw>f'k;w>f,R t*D>fvDR
= (vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (23) oD)=y'd.fxlxlvh'D; toud;wz.fvJR xH.fvdmf
uwdRoud;w>f'D; (etz)
= (vgtD;uxdb>.f)=y'd.fxlxlvh'D; toud;wz.f vJRxH.fvdmf'D; (etz)
tcg (etz) cd.fe>f [H;*h>f0Dok;cd.fus>>fch.fnl;'D; tyh>fqSgu&l>fwz.fvDR
= vged.f0hb>.f (18) oD='H.fpJb>.f (8) oD KNU cDu&J; (13) bsDw
bsD b.fw>frRtDRzJvh0g w>fCkx>xD.fu'guhR KNU u&>cd.f=y'd.f b;
oh.fph.f u&>cd.f (2) =ok;cd.fus>>fw>frs>fbD eJ.f&GJ.fcd.fus>>f=y'd.frg&S.f
vgzg eJ.f&GJ.fcd.fus>>foCJR(1)=y'd.fxlxlvh eJ.f7GJ.fcd.fus>>foCJR (2)
y'd.f'hbH;o;uyDR wz.fvDR
= UNHCR td;xD.fusJv> ySRb.fuDb.fcJwz.ft*D>f v>uvJRtd.fvJRqd;
b.fv> xHuD>fo>bh.fwbh.f tCdySRywHxD.ftgr;v>uvJRw>ft*D>fvDR
38

(3*) unD b .f u D b .f c J ' J u 0D R zd w z.f vJ R ql x H u D > f o >bh . f w bh . f v H
(2005)
= ySRtg*RywHxD.f v>uvJRtd.fvJRqd;v>xHuD>fo>bh.fwbh.f ySRywHxD.f
tgr;'D;ySRvJRb.fweDRvH xHu>D t
f bh.f (10) uwl>v
f md yf RS b.fub
D .fcw
J z.f
vDRxHuD>fv>twl>fvdmfySRb.fuDb.fcJwz.f rh>f0J Norway, Sweden,
England, America, Canada, Finland, Newzeland, Australia,
Netherlands, Denmark
= (2005 eH.f vgrhR) uvkmf'l.f u&>u&dwz.f ud; w>ftd.f zSd.f'D; 'k;td.f

xD.f(ENC)vDR
(39) ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;tw>foH (2006)

= (vg,lRetg&H.f 2006 eH.f) =(etz) qDvDRuhRtvD>fc>.fo;v> yFhr
eg qS>xD.ftgxD.f tok;*D>frk>fv>rk>fxD.f'D;[l;*JR'D; rRt>rRe; urs>>fxHzd
uD>zf 'd ;D r>ql.rf >pd;w>ftgr; v>wDtl cs>.fv>HG x
f .l 'f ;D rk>-f wDRuD>&f .h w
f z.ft
ylRvDR$
= xH*kmfuD>f8Rwz.f uwdRw>fv> yySRuvkmft*h>ftgr;'D; uD>fy,DRw>f*h>fxD.f
wkRv> (UNSC) tw>f&J.fw>fusJRtylRv>w>fupH;uwdRt8h>fvDR$
= (vgtDu>; 2006 eH.f) tylRySRw>fb>.fp>Rwzk usJRoud;w>f'D; (etz)
'fod;ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;uvJR,gbsgb.fto;v>0h>fwul.ft*D>fok;cd.f
us>>fwwl>fvdmfb.f
= uD>fy,DRw>f*h>fv> (UNSC) wD.fxD.fv> w>fu[H;*h>f0Dv>uD>fy,DRt
zDcd.fe. f w&l;'D;&>&S>.fxk;uGHmf0Jv> bH.fwdmf (Veto)w>fpdw>furDRvDR$
= (vg'H.fpJb>.f (24) oD 2006 eH.f)=ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;pl;uGHmfto;
= (vg'H.fpJb>.f (26) oD) w>fymfvDR ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;t'J[D.fcd.fzJrk>fthylR
(etz) yh>fqSgcd.frF;xdtl[JymfvDRzDuDRG ph>fuD;vDR
= 2006 eH.f unDb.fuDb.fcJ vJRtd.fqd; v>xHuD>f o>bh.fwbh.fteD.f
*H>f = xgr[h.f 2094 *R bg'd.f,g=400 *R ed.fzd=400 rJ>fv;=401*R
tlzF.f=208*RrJ>fv;tl=755*RrJ>f&>frd>f=261*R cJv>mf=4519 *R
39
(40) ok;cd.fxh.frD.f vJRrRw>frkmfw>fck.f'D; etz (2007)

= (vg,lRetg&H.f (3) oD)=ok;cd.fxh.frD.f ok;uh (7) cd.fvD>fvHR vJRxH.fvdmf
(etz) v>w>frkmfw>fck.ft*D>fvJR'.ftup>f'D; tySRok;zdpSR*RvDR
wwl>fvdmf'due.f ch.ftJ.f,l.fvD>fc>.fo; tw>f&J.fw>fusJRb.f
= (vg,lRetg&H.f)= UNHCR c>.fp;wz.f EkmfvDR orHord;ySRv> uvJR
qluD>ftrJ&uRwz.f'D; ySRv>tzsdwz.f vJRqlxHuD>ft*Rwz.f ySRvJR
ttguw>>f rh>fuD>ftrJ&uRvDR
= (vgzhR-bLRtg&HR (11) oD)=(e0w) wl>fvdmfrRvRuyDR ok;cd.fxh.frD.f
'fw>frkmfw>fck.f ty>fw8Rtod; zJxd.fuD;udo0D wecFguD>fq.f z.ft.f
uD>f&h.fvDR
= (vgtDu>; (14) oD 2007 eH.f)=o& (18) cd.fok;cd.fuFH.fvhqJ;usd;'D;
(etz) v>uvJRrRw>frkmfw>fck.ft*D>f wcsK;vJRw>f rh>fv>vDRtk;oHv>
xHtCd tw>f&J.fw>fusJRwuJxD.fb.f$
= vgpJ ; yxh b >.f 2007eH . f = uD > f y ,D R yl R oD c gwz.f ' D ; urs>>f w z.f
'k;eJ.zf sgtw>fb.fo; v>w>frmk w
f >fc.k t
f usJ rh>v
f >yeH.t
f ySR xD.'f .d rf ;tCd
(etz) qD.fwH>frRe>RoDcgwz.f'D;ySRurs>>fwz.f (etz)c;oH ySRtusg
ymfCkmf'D; uF.fy.f (zk.fcD.f) ySR[H;w>fupD.fw*RvDR
= 200& eH.f unDb.fuDb.fcJ [;xD.fvJRql xHuD>fo>bh.fwbh.fteD.f*H>f
= xgr[h.f 2103 *R bg'd.f,g=359*R ed.fzd=374 rJ>fv;=9161*R
tlzF.f=482*R rJ>fv;tl=834*R rJ>f&>frd>f= 738 *R cJv>mf=14050 *R
(41) = ch.ftJ.f,l.fcDu&J; (14) 0Dw0DunDw>fClw>fzd; tw>ftd.f

zSd.fy'd.f rg&S.fvgzgtw>foH (2008) eH.f
= (vg,lRetg&HR 28=30 oD) w>frRw>fClw >fzd;w>ful.fvdmftd.fzSd.f (6)
0Dw0D zJoh.fbh.fx.f z.ft.fuD>f&h.f
= (vg,lRetg&HR 31 oD)=w>frRvRuyDRunDw>fy>>fq>rk>feHRySJRxD.f (59)
0Dw0DzJ oh.fbh.fx.f z.ft.fuD>f&h.f
= (vgzhRjblRtg&HR (14) oD)= (etz) yh>fqSgcd.frF;xdtlysJvDR tySRt>zd
(2) *Rv>u[Ju.l rf RoHumHG f eJ.&f .JG cf .d u
f s>>fy'd.rf g&S.v
f gzgzJ0>h rf q
J ;D uD>u
f .DF f
40
=
=
=
=
wJmfvDR y'd.frg&S.f[h.fvDRuGHmfto;orlv>xHuD>f'D;uvkmf*D>f zJ
(1422008)eHRvDR
(vgrhR (2) oD)=e>f*h;pfuvHRrk>fz;'d.f vDRv>xHx.f pGhuD>fy,DRylRySR
oHySRvD>fr>fcJv>mf (230000) bsJ.fvDR$ (etz) wwl>fvdmfxH *kmfuD>f8R
tw>frRp>R wz.fcsK;q>csK;uwD>fb.ftrJmfng rRwHmfwmf0JySRv> u[J
rRp>Rw>fwz.ftCd uJxD.fw>fuDw>fcJz;'d.fv> ySRb.fuDb.fcJwz.ft*D>f
vDR
vgrhR(22)oD=(KNU)u&>cd.fpDRb;oh.fph.fpl;uGHmfto;cDzsdo;yS>fw>f
qg zJuFD.fwJmfuD>fq>0h>frJqD;e.fvDR
vgrhR(25)oD w>fymfvDRuhRu&>cd.f pDRb;oh.fph.ft'J[D.fcd.f w>f&J.fw>f
usJRzJ(o0c)0JRvD>fcd.foh.fok;uh(7)[D.fu0DRe.fvDR
(etz) zD.f'D;ymfvDRySR*JRvdmf w>fv>'H.frd>fu&h.fpH.f wz.fv> CdmfylRv>
eH.f,HmfvgxDwkRv> (65) eH.fvDR
(2992008)KNUcDu&J; (14) 0Dw0D b.fw>frRtDRzJoH;uD>fx.f
rk>f-wDRuD>f&h.f p;xD.f (2992008) w>fCkx>xD.f u&>cd.f ok;cd.f
us>>fw>frs>fbD u&>cd.f (2) y'd.f'hbh;o.fuyDR eJ.f&J.G fcd.fus>>f eD>fpH.fbd&R
eJ.&f .JG o
f CJR (1)ok;cd.'f .d v
f ;iG.h f eJ.&f .JG o
f CJR (2) y'd.pf RD 'D;vhr>k f wz.fvRD $
unDb.fuDb.fcJ [;xD.fvJRqlxHuD>fo>bh.fwbh.fteD.f*H>fp;xD.fvg
(,l R etg&H R =wk R vgtD u >; 200*eH . f )
xgr[h.f= 854*Rb.f'd.f,g=1198Red.fzd=1996*RrJ>fv;= 5615*R
tl zF.f=5005 *R rJ>fv;tl=142*RrJ>f&Rrd>f=271*R cJv>mf=14002 8R
eh.f vDR$
wd>feD.f = p;xD.f (2006 eH.f wkR vgtDu>; 2008eH.f) ySR[;xD.f uD>f

cs>teD > f * H > f c J v >mf = (32571) *RvD R
41
tq>'d.f (3) unDzdtw>ftd.frl'D;xH&l>fuD>foJ;w>fb.fxGJ

wpdRb.fwpdR v>uD>fy,DRylR
1? unDuvkmf'D;tw>f[JvDRp>R
unDuvkmfv>rk>frqgweHRtHRe.f ymfCkmf'D; unDt'l.ftx>'ftrh>f pSDR
yS>d f bSJ rD>ef > yf >S f yul uJRc>.f uJRbg u,g u,D ytd.f ,he;J wz.fvRD
unDuvkm'f .l cf v
J >mf [JvRD p>Rv>rd>u
f Rd v,g'l.zf ;'d.'f ;D [JvRD 0Jqu
l >D f th&>S .f
uvHRxH; cDzsdudRbH.frJ;rk>fcd.f'D;uD>fpHmf (w&l;uD>f) p;xD.fv> (csc e=1125'D;
v>cHuw>>f[JvDRwkRv> uD>fy,DRv>cHuw>>fwzkrh>fzJ csce=739 e.fvDR
unDrh>fySR[JvDRwkRv> uD>fy,DRtqduw>>ftusgwzke.fvDR w>fvD>fv>
unDurs>>ftd.ftg0Jeh.f ysh.fvdmfusdtx.f (ud;) xHx.fphG udRvdmfusd[D.fu0DR
Cd.v
f md u
f s[
d .D u
f 0DReh.v
f RD $ v>tcD.x
f ;unDzw
d z.f wtd.C
f gCkm'f ;D ySRuvkmf
t*R b.fq.fzt
J u
J vH;[JEmk v
f RD y>uD>yf ,DRtcgeh.f y,DRuvkmw
f z.f[EJ mk v
f RD
td.t
f gxD.'f ;D p; xD.t
f .d C
f gCkm'f ;D uvkm*f Rwz.fe.h v
f RD $ rk>rf qgweHRtHR uD>yf
,DRylRySR uvkmftd.ftguvkmf 'ftrh>funD/ u&h.feH.f/ y,DR/ cFD/ ucFh.f/ ,dR/
wv>R/&>.fc>.fwz.feh.fvDR$ v>uvkmfwz.ftusgy,DR rh>f0HReh. funDzd wz.f
teD.f*H>frh>fySRttguw>>feh.fvDR$ unDzdwz.ftd.fqd;t vD>ftusJeh.ftd.fySJR'D;
ehq>.fw >fb.fwh'D;[D.fvmfw>fxl;w>fwDRwz.feh.fvDR$
2$ [D.fcd.fup>ftpdRunDzdtw>ftd.frl
unDuvkmf'l.fwz.ftHR td.fqd;wh>f0J,Hmfwh>fr;teH.fv> tuxd'D; td.f
qd;wh>f'D; txHtuD>fwz.f 'ftuvkmf'l.f'.f0Jtod;vDR$ uvkmf'l.fwz.fu'J
u'J 'k;vdm,
f Rvdmt
f o;'D; ol.x
f .D t
f xHtuD>w
f z.fvRD $z A
J D 11 eH.,
f RzS.d ef .h f
y,DRpDRyRteD.&f x.f['J ;k eh>f 'D;'k;uJx.D x
f u
H >D zf ;'d.w
f bsDzJ AD 15 eH.,
f RzS.d f
wDtltpDRyRb,h;eD.ftpdRwbsD AD 18 eH.f,RzSd.f udbD.f tpDRyR tvDz,g
tpdR wbsDp>h u
f ;D eh.v
f RD $ y,DRpDRyRvJR'k;rReh>pf >h u
f ;D ,d',g/ t.fo.f/reH;yl.&f ;
wz.fvDR$ [D.fcd.fup>ftpdR xHuD>fqH;zdwz.f uJxD.ftgr;eh.fvDR$ b.fq.f
ywxH.fb.f v>unDzdwz.f 'k;w>f,Rw>f'D; xD'g[D.fcd.fup>foElb.f
42

t0Jo.h rf >h yf RS wz.fv> rRuvk>t
f .d u
f pk';D zH;tD.rf RtD.'f .fw>frmk rf mk cf .k cf .k ef .h v
f RD $
yrSHRyyS>fpH;wh>f0 Joh.fcd.fq>.f{D>fus.f/ unDzd{D>fCh>f tod;ye>fy>>fv>[D.fcd.f
up>foEltpdRun zD w
d z.fb.fw>frRe>RtDR'D;*kmef >h t
f [D.cf .d u
f yHmw
f z.fe.h v
f RD $
3$ ySRrRvJ>ftD.fuD>ftpdRunDzdtw>ftd.frl
rh>pf Rd v>[Jux
J .D t
f o;v> ySRrRvJ>t
f .D u
f >D rf RD td.,
f >RoElv> xH*mk u
f >D *f R
wz.f[;'k;rReh>f0J ySRxHySRuD>f'D; [H;eh>fy>0J'D; qD.fwH>frRe>R xHzduD>fzd v>
rk>fusdR0JRuGmf w>fy>w>fjy;'D; 'k;td.fxD.f0JcD vfeH.fw>fy>w>fjy;oEleh.fvDR$
v>yxHyuD>fylR uD>ftJuvH;[J'k;eh>f0J 3 bsD'D; zJ 1885 eH.f eh.fyxHyuD>f
tHRtJuvH;y>uhR0Jeh.fvDR$ tJuvH;y>w>f tpdRtHR'k;td.fxD.f0J uD>fwbh.f
(wpfjynfaxmif) oEltCd [D.fcd.fup>foEltzDvmf uvkmf'l.fwz.f wb.f
vdmfzd;'hvdmfto;'D; uJxD.fw>fxD'gvdmfto;tCd rh>fw>fcGJ;w>f,mfv>
ySRrRvJ>ftD.fuD>fwz.ft*D>feh.fvDR$ v>t*RwuyRunDzdwz.fv> cDveH.fw>f
y>tpdRtw>fcJ;G w>f,mfv> rRvdb.fuhRtusdmf'D; 'k;td.fxD.fb.ftuFdtuD.f
wz.f/ unDzdwz.f ohxD.fb.fxD.fuJxD.fb.fySRul.fb.ful.foh/ ySRcd.fySRe>f
wz.fvDR$ 'D;zJeh.ftpdRySRrRw>fzdwz.f ySRul.fb.ful.fohwz.f ySRul.fvJRrRuR
w>fzdwz.fySRrRy'd.fw>frRwz.f td.fxD.f0J'.fvDR$ q>uwD>fzJeh.f w>ftJ.fySR
uvkmfto;o[D.ftgxD.f0JtCd zJ 1881 eH.f unDcd.fe>ftJ.fuvkmfwz.f
u&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f0J (KNA)'Duvkmfu&>eh.fvDR$ ySRwDcd.f&d.frJw>frh>f0J
o&.fxH.fo.fyF.feh.fvDR$
4$ ,y.f(zk.fcD.f)pdRunDzdtw>ftd.frl
1941 eH.f cDzsd BIA tw>frRp>RtCd zJ;qH;,y.fwz.f [J'k;rReh>fy>b.f0J
uD>fy,DRv>tJuvH;tvD>f wkRv> 1945 eH.f[D.fcd.f'Dbh.f w>f'k;cHbsDwbsD
0HRtq>uwD>feh.fvDR$ BIA y>w>ftq>uwD>f t0Joh.fymf'h.fymfur.f0J v>u
nD z d w z.f rh > f t J u vH ; tpk ' k . f ' k w D R tCd q D . f w H > f r Re>RunD z d w z.f
rRoHrR0DunDzdwz.f tgr;v>z.fyl.f &GS. fuFh.f oxl.f 'D;v>xHx.fpw
G uyR
rFDrF;e.fvDR v>w>f*h>ftHRtCdu nDcd.fe>fv>twDcd.f&d>frJw>fv>xHx.fpGh
43

wuyRrh>f0J rg&Gh.fxluF.f uD>frkmf-wDRwcDrh>f0J0Jvhw>.f 0H.fvHRpD pDRtDR&Sh
pDR'H.f*hRwz.f rh>fcd.fe>fwz.fv>txD'guhR BIA eh.fvDR$ ,y.ftpdRtHRunDzd
wz.f w>ftJ.fySRuvkmfo; o[D.fql.fxD.f0Jwu;b.ftrJmfng ol.fql.fo;*JR
'D;w>fClw>fzd;tgxD.f0Jeh.fvDR$ v>w>f*h>ftHRtCd BIA u&>tHRb.fw>f rR[;
*DRuGHmf0J'D; 'k;td.fxD.f BDA ok;'D;unDzdwz.f EkmfvDR0Jtgr;'D;rRoud;w>f'D;
(zqyv) 'D;'k;xD'g0J,y.feh.fvDR$
5$ w>f'k;0HRunDzdwz.ftw>ftd.fo;'D;ch.ftJ.f,l.f[Jtd.fxD.f
w>f'k;z;'d.fcHbsDwbsD0HR'D; xHuD>fv>trh>ftJuvH;tcD veH.fwz.f
ymfzsgxD.t
f w>fb.fo;v> w>fu[h.f uhRt0Jo.h t
f w>fobsh rh>w
f [h.b
f .f';D
u*JRq>x>.f'k;xD'gw>f v>w>f*h>ftHRtCdtJu vH;u[H;CmfzD.fC.f
tcDveH.fwz.f 'fv>ngtod;w nDv>Rb.f'D;ul.fxD.f0Jv>u[h.fw>fo
bsheh.fvDR$ b.fq.fuusJR0J'fod; ueh>f'H;w>fcJ;G w>f,mfv>rk>f0JR w>frRwuyR
eh.fvDR$ tCdzJ 1947 eH.f vg,ElRtg&H.ftylR tJ;wvHv>trh>fuD>ftJuvH;
tudwdmfcd.fus>>f uGJtD.fqg'D; (zqyv) y'd.f'fod;u vJRxH.fvdmfuwdRw>f
v> uD>fy,DRw>fobhst*D>fvDR$ zJ 1947 eH.f vg,ElRtg&hH; (3) oDwkR (7)
oD teHR'D; v>cHuw>>fw>fChxD.fv> yu'd;eh>funDuD>ft*D>funDu&>wz.f
v>trh>f KNA,BKNA,KCO,KYO wz.fymfzSd.fxD.fto;wzs>.fCD'D; 'k;td.f
xD.f0JunDu&>p>zSd.fv> tu>RzSd.fuhRunDzdcJv>mfv> uEkmfvDRw>f'k;v>
unDuD>f'D;unDzdueh>fb.f uhRw>fobsht*D>feh.fvDR$ u&>tHRb.fw>f
ud;trHRv> unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.fu&> (KNU) eh.fvDR$ zJvgzhRjzlRtg&H.f (12)
oDteHRtD.fqgud;w>ft d.fzSd.fv>yh.fvdmf'D; uvkmf'l.fv>vJRxD.fwz.frh>f0J,dR
ucFh.f cFD cd.fe>fwz.f'D; (zqyv) cd.f e>fwz.f'D; uvkmf'l.fwz.ft>.fvDR
oud;v> urRoud;w>f'D; (zqyv) y'd.feh.fvDR$
6$ uD>fy,DRw>fobsh
uD>fy,DRw>fobshueh>ft*D>f uvkmf'l.fcJv>mf'D; xH&l>fuD>foJ;u&>tgzk
rRoud;w>ftCd 1948 eH.fvg,lRetg&HR (4) oDuD>fy,DR eh>fuhRw>fobsh
eh.v
f RD $ yh.v
f .d v
f mH C
f ;H CmftrJm n
f g tD.q
f gtJ;wvHvmH C
f ;H Cmf tlE;l tJ;wvH
44

vHmC
f ;H Cmf vJ.,
f ;z&Hrh vHmC
f ;H CmfvmH pf yJ eD.w
f z.ftRH y.f,mk pf >h u
f ;D eh.v
f RD $
uD>fy,DReh>fw>fobsh0HR EkmfvDRqlbDrk>fp>zSd.fu&>ylR oemfuh v>rk>fusdR
0JRuGmfwuyR b.f'd;o ehR'H;'.fto;v>tJuvH;eh.fvDR$ t*RwrHRrh>fv>
(zqyv) y'd.feh.fol.fxD.f0JuD>fp>zSd.f t,DRtbs.f'D; w[h.fw>fcJ;G w>f,mfv>
uvkmf'l.fwz.ftCd w>fobsh0HRw,Hmfb.f'D; xHvD>fuD>fylRw>f'k;w>f,Rtd.f
xD.0f 'J .fe.h v
f RD $
7$ unDw>fy>>fq>uJxD.ft*h>f
1948 eH.f uD>yf ,DReh>w
f >fobshtRH unDzw
d z.f rk>v
f >f0v
J >uvkmf w>fq.D f
wH>rf Re>Rvdmo
f ; uvDRr>fumHG 'f ;D eD>u
f p>fw>fp.H n
f >D yf >vDRo; utd.x
f .D ef .h v
f RD $
oemfuhw>fwrRto;' feh.fb.f$ySRy>w>f (zqyv) wcDzD.fCmf0J y,DR
uvkmf'd.fpdoEleh.fvDR$ v>w>feh.ft Cd 1948 eH.fvgzhRjblRtg&HR (11) oDu
nDzdwz.f ymfzSd.fxD.fo;'D;ud;o-wDxD.f w>f*h>f (4) xH.f'ftrh>f (1) [h.funD
uD>fwbsDCD (2) 'k;eJ.fzsgxD.f unDwb;y,DRwb;w bsDCD (3) ywtJ.f'd;
xHvD>fuD>fylRw>f'k;w>f,Rb.f (4) ywtJ.f'd;uvkmfu 'Ju'Jw>fobH.fbk.f
b.fo.h w
f z.fe.h v
f RD $ w>fCx
h .D w
f z.ftRH rh>0f 'J .f w>fc;JG w>f,mfv> ytd.zf s.J x
f .D ef >h f
Ckmfwz.f yu'd;eh>fb.fuhRt*D>f yChxD.fv>w>frkmfw>fck.ftusJ'D; xH&l>fuD>f
oJ;w>f*h>fuDeh.fywCJmfvDRbsgvDR tDRv>w>f'k;w>f,RtusJb.f rhrh>fwcDv>
w>fxH.fvdmfpH;uwdR'D; CJmfvDRtDRv>w>frkmfw>fck.ftusJt*D>fvDR$ oemfuh
(zqyv) uG>fuymfuHGmfyw>fChwz.f trJmfngwJ0Jv> KNU rh>fu&>w
zkv> wzd;oJp;b.f'D; p;xD.f'k;yySRunDtCd v>yurReh>fyw>fcJ;G w>f ,mf
t*D>f usJt*Rw td.fv>Rb.ftCdv>cHuw>>fzJ 1949 eH.fvg,lRtg&HR 31
oDeh.f unDw>fy>>fq>zdwz.f[H;xD.fzD.fxD.fw>fpku0JR'D; 'k;q>0Jo w;'D;
unDw>fy>>fq>p;xD.feh.fvDR$
8$ (zqyv) tpdRunDzdtw>ftd.fo;
1948 eH.fw>fobsheh>f0HRtvD>fcH (zqyv) u&>tw>fymf o;wz.f
qDwvJ uGmH 0f q
J u
l vkm'f .d pf o
d El';D uJx.D f c>.fp;v>[D.cf .d u
f p>f';D usd.pf u
h p>f
45

wuyR'D; qD.fwH>frRe>RuhR xHzduD>fzd'D; uvkmf'l.fwz.feh.fvDR$ ySRwDRywD>fcJ;G
,mft*D>fu&>v>tChxD.fw>f'ftrh>f cDrFL.feH;eD>fw,>f*DRu&>/uD>fy,DRcDrFL
eH;u&>/yFH.fol;,JbD.fwz.f w>fobhseh.f0HRw,Hmfb.f'D; EkmfvDRy>>fq>xD'gtl
El ; y'd . f e h . f v D R $ uvk m f ' l . f w z.f C h x D . f 0 J w>f o bsh ' D ; yS R *h > f 0 D c G J ; ,mf
'f'.H rf .d u
f &h.pf .H t
f usJtod; v>w>frmk w
f >fc.k ef .h f (zqyv) wue>fCmk f tw>f
Cb.f rhrh>fp;xD.fol0Jw>fpkql.fcD.fwu; tusJtCd w>fzD.fpku0JRw>fy>>fq>
td.fxD.f0Jeh.fvDR$ tlEl;v>twDcd.f&d.frJ y'd.feh.f'k;td.fxD.f0J xHvD>fuD>fylRw>f'k;
w>f,Reh.v
f RD $ tlE;l wcDub.f[.h f uvkm'f .l w
f >fc;JG w>f,mftvD>ef .h f [h.w
f >fc;JG
w>f,mfqlok;rk>fv>tb.fw>fwDcd.f&d.frJtDRv>eh>f0heh.fvDR$
9$ (rqv)tpdRunDzdtw>ftd.fo;
y,DRok;rk>f'd.fok;cd.feh>f0h zJ 1962 eH.fvgr;&S; 2 oDteHR eh>f[H;eh>fuHmG f
w>fpw
d >furDRv> tlE;l y'd.t
f pkyRl 'D; ok;rk>t
f RH rh>w
f >ftcd.o
f .h v
f >w>fy>w>fjy;
tylReh.v
f RD $ 1962 eH.w
f Rk 1988 eH.w
f >fy>>fq>cDp>.fo;k y'd.t
f RH qDwvJuRh 0Jql
(rqv) u&>'D;zgvHr.f'H.frd.fu&h.fpH.foEl tHRrR[;*DR uGHmf0J'D;y>0J'fymfwHmf
wzko;k rDRpd&Rd w>fy>tod;vDR$ -wDwmH C
f .f0'J .f'.H rf .d u
f &h.pf .H cf ;JG ,mf';D ySR*h>0f cD ;JG
,mfwz.fwkRvDRwDRvDReh.fvDR$ (rqv) u&>tHRzD.fus>RC.f0J uvkmf'd.fpdo
El'D;qD.fwH>frRe>R0Juvkmf'l.fwz.f'D; rR[;*DRuGHmf0Juvkmf'l.fwz.f w>fxJod;
wkRod;cGJ;,mf 'D;eD>fup>fw>fpH.fnD.fy>vDRo;cGJ; ,mfwz.f wuwD>fCDrRvDR
r>fuHmG f uvkmf'l.ftvHmfvJ>f w>fqJ;w>fvRwz.f rR0Jw>fusJ.fusDoH.G f'D; uvk.f
'l.fwz.feh.fvDR$ u,J>frh>fw>fzH;w>frRrk>fusdR0JRuGmfcJv>mf 'k;uJxD.f0Jv>urs>>f
tw>f (jynfolydkif) 'D;w>fv>toh0Jwz.f wvd;0JtySRheDw bh.fb.feh.fvDR$
[H;eh>fph>fuD;xH*kmfuD>f*Rtphwz.f'D; rR0JeH.fzk.feH.fxDw>fwdmfusJR wz.f
oemfux
h u
H >D w
f >fvRJ xD.v
f RJ xDwtd.b
f .fe.h v
f RD $ v>xHu>D t
f ylRpHmf ySRyJ eH.[
f ;
xD.fwz.fyShR0J'ftJ.f'd; 0Jtod;'D; qguGHmf0JqluD>fcs>wcD v>tyShR'd.f'D;xHuD>f
t*RyeH.v
f >t[Jemk w
f z.fz.D C
f mf0'J t
f .J 'f ;d 0Jto;d 'D;w[h.yf RS *Rw>fc;JG w>f,mf
ph > f u D ; b.f $ e > f 0 h q D w vJ u 'D ; uD > f y ,D R tph w bsD b .f w bsD t Cd
uJx.D w
f >fb.f'b
d .fx;H xHu>D zf w
d z.f trk>0f RJ us.d pf *h >h 0f 'D .d rf ;e.v
f RD v>cHuw>>f
e>f0huwdRvDRw>f v>xHuD>ftylR'D; pH;0J'.frh>fokuCkx>ymfwHmfwzk{dR tusJ
46

oEl{g rhwrh>fymfwHmfp>zSd.ftusJoEl{ge.ftd.fv>xHzduD>fzdtpkylRvDR
xHzduD>fzdurs>>fw>fcGJ;w>f, mfwtd.fv>w>feDwrHR'H;,Hmf xD.f'H;e;xD.fwkR
v>zD.f*>>fuhR0Jweh>fv>Rb.ftCdzJCd;vGH>fzs>.f(&Spfav;vkH;)w>fChxD.f'H.frd>f
u&h.fpH.ftcGJ;t,mfv>b.fw>fwDcd.f&d.frJtDRv>uFdzdwz.f/urs>>f'D;oDbk.f
oDcgwz.f td.fxD.f'D;xD'guhRok;rDRpd&dRoEleh.fvDR$
10$ e0w'D;etztpdRw>ftd.fo;
(8$8$1988) eHR urs>>fxzH u
d >D zf w
d z.f ud;o}wD';D Chx.D 'f .H rf .d u
f &h.pf .H f
w>fcGJ;w>f,mf'D; b.fw>fc;oHtDRtgtg*D>f*D>ftCd t0Joh.f[l;*JRuhR0Jv>
uD>fylRwohb.ftCd [JxD.f 0Jqlw>fy>>fq>[D.fu0DRwz.f'D; zD.fvdmftpk'D;
rRoud;w>f'D; y0Juvkmf'l.fwz.fCkmf'D;y (KNU) eh.fvDR$ (KNU) wDcd.f
&d.frJ'D; &J.fusJRrRp>R t0Joh.fv>usJtgbdvDR$ 1988 eH.fw>f'k;td.fxD.f (DAB)
'D; rRoud;w>fv> 'H.frd.fu&h.fpH.f'D; uvkmf'l.fu&>wz.fvDR 1990 eH.f
(e0w) rR0JxHuD>f'Dbh.f w>fCkx> trl;z;'d.f'D; (NLD) rRe>Rw>fb.fq.f
(e0w) w[h.fw>fpdurDRb.f 'D;qJ;zD.fC.fxHuD>fw>fpdw>furDReh.fvDR$ t0J
oh.fqD.fwH>frRe>R0J (NLD) 'fod;[l; *JRv>xH&l>fuD>foJ;tusJ okwe>fw*hR
t*D>fvDR 2003 eH.ftylR (etz) 'D;tySR (-uHzGH) wz.f qD.fwH>frRe>R0J
(NLD) tcd.fv>trh>f'D.fpl; tlwh.ftl'D;tySRwz.fzJvJRw>f u&>u&dwkRzJ
'H.fyJ,h tq>uwD>f ySRoHtg*R'D;b.f'd b.fxH;*D>frk>fvDR (etz) rR0Juvkmf
w>ftd.fzSd.fz;'d.fv> nD.feyh.f v>uuGJ;ymfvDRxHuD>fw>fbs>oJ;p;t*D>f rR0J
0HRzJ 2007 eH.fe.fvDR w>fuJG;ymfvDRxHuD>fw>fol.fxD.fw>f bs>cd.foh.ftHRwrh>f
urs>>fc>.fp; trh>ftwDwz.fuJG;ymfvDRb.ftCd wrh>fv>uuJbsK;v> xH
uD>ft*D>f'D; 'H.frd>fu&h.fpH.futd.fxD.ft*D>fb.f rh>f'.f'fod; (etz) tok;u&l>f
utd.f*>>fus>Rt*D>fvDR$ 2007 eH.fvgpJ;yxJb>.ftylRoDcgwz.f vJRxD.fql
usJrk>fcd.f'D; ChxD.f0Jv> w>furRpSRvDRw>fySRw>fuvHRwz.fv> w>frkmf w>f
ck.ftylRtcg b.fw>frR'>.fqD.fwH>frRe>RtDRv> (etz) tCd t0Joh.fb.fy
wkmfuGHmf tw>frRvDR (etz) zD.f0JySR*JRvdmfw>fv> 'H.frd>fu&h.fpH.ft*D>f w
z.ftg*R'D; ymfvDR0JCdmf ylReH.f,HmfvgxDvDR ySRwz.ftHRb.fw>fqS>tDRqlw>f
vD>ft,HRv>uD>f y,DRylR trJmfng rRuDrRcJ0J'.f ySRwz.ftHR trd>fy>fbl;wH>f
47

v>tJ.f'd;vJRxH.fvdmftDRwz.f v>usJtgbdvDR (etz) r>ql.fr>pd;ySRurs>>f
wz.fv> urRe>ftok;rk>f'd.f tw>f v>usJtgbde.fvDR 200* eH.f vgrhR
(2) oDe>fuH;uvHRrk>fz;'d.fvDRv>xHx.fpG urs>>foHySRwuvD>fo>uv;
bsJ.fvDR ySRv>uD>fcs>wz.ftJ.f'd;[h.fw>frRp>Rb.fq.f (etz) }wDrRwHmfwmf
tCd w>frRp>RwkRpJRcH'D; ySRurs>>fb.fuG>fq>.frJmf'D; w>fuDw>fcJ'd.fr;vDR
e>fuH;vDR0HRw,Hmfb.f 'f (etz) td.f'D;tw>f&J.fw>fusJRtod;r>ql.furs>>f
wz.fv> u[h.ftw>fb.fo; (q"cH,lyJG) v>xHuD>fw>fbs>v> w>fuJG;wh>f
tDRwbh.ftzDcd.f urs>>fwtJ.f'd;[h.fv>b.fo;0Jb.fq.f (etz) rRe>fql.f
v>u[h.fw>fb.fo;tCdv>cHuw>>f (etz) ymfzsg0Jv>urs>>fb.fo;
(92%) vDR 'f (etz) t[D.fcd.f*DRtusJymfvDR0Jtod; urR0Jw>fCkx>z;'d.f
v> 2010 eH.f e.fvDR w>fCkx>v>urR0Jv> 2010 eH.f e.f rh>fv>wrh>f u
rs>>fc>.fp;trh>ftwD tw>fuJG;ymfvDRw>fbs>cd.foh.fb.f wrh>fph>fuD;urs>>ft
w>fb.fo;trh>ftwDv> qD.fxJGw>fbs>cd.foh.fwbh.ftHRb.ftCd w>fCkx>
tp>v>u[JxD.fcJu>.fe.f urh>f'.fw>fwwDw-w>ftw>fCkx>'D; urh>f'.f
(etz) ok;rDRpd&dR utd.fpH.ftd.fus>R'D; uy>w>fvDRpdRt*D>fe.fvDR
v>uvkm'f .l w
f uyRph>u
f ;D qD.w
f >H rf Re>R 0JoyS>yf >S 'f o
f ;d [l;*JRxD'g tDRok
we>fw*hRt*D>fvDR rh>fv>w>fqD.foeH;'d.f0Jtg0JtCd uvkmf'l.ftgzk wl>fwe>f
v>Rb.f'D; uhRrRw>frkmfw>fck.f/ w>fClw>fzd;'D; (etz) e.fvDR$ (etz)
ymfzsg0Jv>rRe>fvH uvkmf'l.fySRy>>fq>w>fzd (17) zk'D; td.fwh>f'.fxJ (KNU)
wzke.fvDR$ 1996 eH.f (KNU) cd.fe>fvJRxH.fvdmfpH;uwdRw>f'D; (etz) 4
bsD 'D; (etz) Ch'.ftDRv>uEkmfvDRqloJp; uv>RylR'D; nd uGHmfw>fzD.f
pku0JRtusJvDR$ rh>fv> (KNU) wl>fvdmfwohb.ftCdzJ 1997 eH.f (etz)
p;xD.f'k;unDzdwz.fv> unD[D.fu0DRoukR q;';'D; rRt> rRoD rRe;rRzDS.f
unD z d w z.f t uvk m f u vk m f t Cd unD z d w z.f t d . f q d ; uh R v>
txHtuD>fwohv>Rb.f'D; EkmfvDRql uD>fuFD.fwJmftylR'D; uJxD.fySRb.fuDb.f
cJwz.fvDR$ v>cHuw>>f wuwD>ftHR (UN) td;xD.fusJv> unDb.fuDb.fcJ
wz.ft*D>fv> uvJRtd.fqd;v>xHuD>fo>bh.fwbh.f tCd unDb.fuDb.fcJ
wz.f p;xD.fvJRqluD>fcs>wzkb.fwzkwkRcJtHRe.fvDR
48
u&>u&dwz.ftrHR tv>tySJRv>tJuvH;usdmf
KNA
KNU
BKNA
KCO
KYO
KWO
KNDO
MNDO
BIA
BDA
UK
KPLA
KPGF
KRC
KNUP
SSLA
KNLC
KNUF
NMSP
NDF
DAB
NLD
SNLD
NCGUB
DKBA
KORD
FTUK
KSNG
- Karen National Association

- Karen National Union
- Buddhist Karen National Association
- Karen Central Organization
- Karen Youth Organization
- Karen Women Organization
- Karen National Defense Organization
- Mon National Defense Organization
- Burma Independent Army
- Burma Defense Army
- United Kingdom
- Karen Peoples Liberation Army
- Karen Peoples Guerilla Force
- Karen Revolutionary Council
- Karen National Union Party
- Shan State Liberation Army
- Karen National Liberation Council
- Karen National United Front
- New Mon State Party
- National Democratic Front
- Democratic Alliance of Burma
- LA National League of Democracy Liberated area
- Shan National League for Democracy
- National Coalation Government of the Union of Burma
- Democratic Karen Buddhist Association
- Karen Office of Relief and Development
- Federation of Trade Unions Kawthoolei
- Karen Students Net Work Group
49
(w>fxk;xD.fvDRqD)
v>
w>frRvRuyDR'D; w>foh.feD.ftyeD.f
v>unDw>fy>>fq>teH.fySJRxD.f 60 0Dw0D
zJ 31$1$2009 eH.f
unDzd'D;w>fy>>fq>tw>fpH.fpdRwJpdR
w>frReD.frRCgtzk.f
b.fw>fxk;xD.f&RvDRtDRv>
unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.fu&>
vD>fc>.fo;
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
w>f*h>fv> w>fbSDb.fuhRwz.f
1? (ubsH;yR 28)=vgtD;uxdb>.f (1974 eH.f) KNLC tvD>f rh>f KNU

2? (ubsH;yR 34)=w>f'k;td.fxD.f NCUB= vgpJ;yxJb>.f22oD 1992eH.f
3? (ubsH;yR 35)=DKBA 'D;(e0w)'GJ.ftlrJ>f&Rrd>f'Ju0DR=thjzhR 25 oD
1995 eH.f
4? (ubsH;yR 37)=y'd.ftD.fqguhRvDRrk>feHR=vgthjzhR 6 oD 1998 eH.f
5?(ubsH;yR40)=vg,lRetg&HR (28=30)w>fClw>fzd;w>ful.fvdmf
td.fzSd.f(6)0Dw0D$ 31 oD w>frRvRuyDR unDw>fy>>fq> rk>feHR (59)0Dw0D
oh.fbh.fx.f$
6? (ubsH;yR 41)=y'd.fb;oh.fph.f oHtrk>feHR=vgrhR22 oD 200*eH.f
7? (ubsH;yR 41)=ySR[;xD.fvJRqluD>fcs>teD.f*H>f = 32571 *R
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
w>fuG>fu'guhRunDw>fy>>fq>teH.f (60) tw>fvJRcDzsd tw>f

td.fzSd.fzJ vg,lRetg&H.f 29=30oD2009eH.f tq>uwD>f
w>f*h>fv> w>fz>EkmfrRySJRwz.f
1? DKBA [JzD.fy'd.frg,h.fph.fzJ vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f (9) oD 1995 eH.f

2? w>fu&>u&dxD.f ABSDF zJ vged.f0hb>.f 2 oD 1988 eH.f zJ uD>frl&R}wJR$
3? 'k.f'grRe>f zvl}wJR vg'H.fpJb>.f 27 oD 1989 eH.f
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890
w>fouGH>fun;
unDz'd ;D w>fy>>fq>tvHmw
f >fp.H pf Rd wJpRd w>frReD.rf RCg tzk.w
f bh.t
f RH rh>v
f >
y*kmf[H;e>fw>fq>uwD>fv>tcs 'fod;yuxk;xD.fb.ftDR wqdzJtqd vDRqD
'.fw>fzJ w>fy>>fq>rk>feHRySJRxD.f (60) 0Dw0DtCd td.f'D; w>fvDRwl>fvDRumf
w>f*h>fwv>wySJRb.fwz.fvDR$ vHmfzdtHR yymftDR'ftrh>f yxk;xD.ftcD.fxH;
wbh.f'D; yw>fwdmfymfv> yurRySJRuhRw>f*h>fv>td.fvDRwJmfwz.f'D; xk;xD.f
'H;qlngtCd yChun;b.fyRS z;vHmzf w
d z.fv> rh>t
f .J 'f ;d z>Ekmrf RySRJ w>f*>h w
f >f
usdRwz.f'D; uqS>'k;oh.fngySR 'fod; yuz>Ekmfe> ftDR qlngwbsD t*D>fe. fvDR$
uqJ;usd;'D;qS>w>fuGJ;wz.fql = ch.ftJ.f,l.funD'Duvkmfp>zSd.fu&>
vD>fc>.fo;0JRvD>fcd.foh.f

Karen Chronology Karen

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Karen Chronology Karen

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

unDzd'D;w>fy>>fq>w>fpH.

cd.fe>fwz.fv> p>zSd.fxD.fto;v> KNU w>fwDcd.f&d.frJ

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

tq>'d.f 1? unDzdtw>f[JvDRp>R eH.fvgw>frReD.frRCg

cs$c$e (1864) = unDzdwz.f [JvDRwkRzJwHbJ; (Tibet)

cs$c$e (1128) = unDzdw>w'l.f v>td.fv> ,l.fe>fok;tvD>ftusJql

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

(1) (5247) w>fu&>u&d'k;td.fxD.f KNU unD'Duvkmfp>zSd.f u&>

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

weH . f w bsD w >f t d . f z S d . f 0h > f w ul . f

= (4148) = uD>yf ,DRe>w

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

cDu&J; (4) 0Dw0D'D; uD>fcd.fpDRb;tluFHtw>foH (1950)

= (vgzhR-bLRtg&H.f1949) = 'k.f'grRe>fuhR 0h>ftgzs>.fymfCkmf 'J;tl

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

(9) rlqdqS>Ekmfv> w>fu'k;td.fxD.f

= vg,lRetg&H.f = rlqduGJw>fxH.fvdmftd.fy[> v>rDud>f cd.fe>ftg*R

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

cDu&J;(6)0Dw0D rDud>f cs>.fvGH>fxl.fuD>f&h.f (1956)

= vgr;&S;= (KNU) uuGJrd>f u&h.feH.f ytd.f rhrh>f (Auy) e.f uuGJ0J

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

= 1959 eH.fvgzhR-bLRtg&H.f ymfwHmfcDu&J; w>ftd.fzSd.ftq>uwD>f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

(14) w>f'k;td.fxD.f (vvrz) (1960)

(15) unDok;vJRxD.f'k;w>fv> ,dRuD>fpJ.f (1961=1962)

(16) cDu&J;(7) 0Dw0D zJuqD0g e>f,dRx.fu&l>f rkmf-wDRuD>f&h.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

= (vgr;&S; 1964 eH.f)=rlqdrRw>ft>.fvDR'D; ymfzSd.fuhRto; 'D; e>f0h

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

(18) ok;cd.fus>>fbd.frF;uGJw>ftd.fzSd.f(ysDzd=1965) tuwD>fzJeh.f

(19) ok;cd.fus>.fbd.frF;'D;ymfwH.fcd.fe>fw>fxH.fvdmftd.fzSd.f (1966)

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

cDu&J; (*) 0Dw0D b.fw>frRtDRzJ wDeD.fcH (1970)

= (vgthjzhR1970eH.f)=KNU, NMSP xH.fvdmfo;'D;tlEl; (y.fvHmfr.f 'H.frd.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

(23) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;yud&dr;v>tD.fpdrdw>f'k;z;'d.f (1971=1972)

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

(24) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;yud&dr; (1973)

cDu&J; (9) 0Dw0D y[H.fvl>f uD>fuFD.fwJmf (1974)

= (vgr;&S;=th_zhR 1974 eH.f)= (KNLA) ok;wz.f xD.f'k; 0h>frF;0wH>fv>

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

(26) KNUP 'D; KNU rReh>fuhRw>fClw>fzd; 'k.f'gtwJmf (4) wJmf

= (vg,lR (26) oD 1975 eH.f)=KNUP'D; KNUxH.fvdmftd.fzSd.foud;'D;

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

(29) 'k.f'gxD.f'k;xHq>uD>fq>-wJRwz.fcJv>mf (1984=1987)

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

unD z d ' D ; w>f y >>f q >w>f p H . f p d R wJ p d R w>f r ReD . f r RCgtzk . f w z.f

cDu&J; (10) 0Dw0D

= uD>fy,DRxH&l>fuD>foJ;u&>tgzk ol.fvDRqDvDRt0JRvD>fzJrRe>RysD od.frSHR