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Math 107
Yesenia Madrigal
Chapter 3
3.1 Multiples and Factors
-Suppose that you have two integers b and c. The way we can prove that b is a factor of c,
is if we can multiply b by any other integer n such that bn=c.
Ex. Is 2 a factor of 6? Well if 2 represents b and 6 represents c our equation to prove that 2 is a
factor of 6 would look like this: 2n=6 we can then see that n=3 because 2x3=6 therefore 2 is a
factor of 6.
Is 4 a factor of 12?
Is 25 a factor of 250?
There are other ways in which we can use to understand the same concept. In the equation bn=c
we can say that if b divides into c, it means that b is a multiple of c.
Is 12 a multiple of 36?
Is 8 a multiple of 72?
Chapter 4 Integers
Addition and Subtraction
A pair of integers whose sum is 0, is referred to as a zero pair.
In order to better understand how addition and subtraction of integers works, we will use a
physical model for integers. Since temperature is a familiar concept we will be using hot and
cold chips in a tank model. The red chips will represent positive integers just as heat raises or
increases temperature, and the blue chips will represent negative integers just as cold lowers or
decreases temperature.
+ + +
+ +
-
Suppose we were to remove the 5 red chips from our tank, what
happen to the temperature of the tank?
- It will increase because we are removing the red chips that
signify heat, we will only be left with the clue or cold chips in the
tank.
Examples: -2 + -5
-7 + -4
8 + -6
5+6
Now, how do you show subtraction with the physical tank model? Well if you have the problem
-3 (-5) you first put the -3 cold chips in the tank, and then add as many zero pairs (since adding
zero pairs wont affect the temperature of the tank) needed to be able to subtract the -5 cold
chips.
This is how it would look:
-3 (-5)
- - The -3 cold chips are represented by the first three (-) signs and we
added two zero pairs in order to be able to subtract the -5 from the
equation. Once we subtract the -5, we are left with the hot chips from
the two zero pairs we added. Therefore +2 is the final answer.
For example: -3 x 7 means that we will take out (-) 7 groups of red (+) chips which will turn the
water cold. This gives us a hint as to what our answer will be which is (-) because hot chips or
heat is being removed from the tank, leaving only cold chips inside.
More examples: 3 x -6, you are multiplying or increasing the -6 cold chips in the tank so your
answer will be negative (-)
-6 x -3, you are decreasing (-6) the cold chips (-3) in the tank so your answer will be positive.
For division, we use the Missing factor Model for Division which means that in order to solve a
division problem, (ab), we must find the number n whose product with b will equal a.