UNIAXIAL STRESS-STRAIN Stress-Strain Curve for Mild Steel . paostrencmaro con. rmcomroret fee / se ‘The slope of the linear portion of the curve equals the modulus of elasticity. DEFINITIONS Engineering Strain e= ALL, where © = engincering strain (units per unit) AL = change in length (units) of member ZL, = original length (units) of member Percent Elongation se Etongaton ~ (9 Percent Reduction in Area (RA) ‘The % reduction in area from initial area, 4), to final area, Ap Shear Stress-Strain fore whoe > sharin T= hers = ster mado nat tonto isos) 6 Enh E = modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus) v= Poisson's ratio = (lateral strain)(longitudinal strain) ‘niavial Loading and Deformation 6 = PIA, where 6 = stress on the eross section P = toading A = cxoss-setional area € = 81, where clastic longitudinal deformation = length of member no OL a= fh aE ‘True stress is load divided by actual cross-sectional area Whereas engineering stress is load divided by the initial area. THERMAL DEFORMATIONS B= aL(TT,), where 8, = deformation caused by a change in temperature = temperature coeflicient of expansion L = length of member T= final temperature (= initial emperature ‘TORSION Torsion stress in eireular solid or thiek-walled (¢> 0.1 9) shatts: ir where.J = polar moment of inertia TORSIONAL STRAIN “te = fimit, r(AQ/Az) = r( dice) The shear strain varies in direst proportion tothe radius, from zero strain at the center tothe greatest strain atthe outside of the shaft. de is the twist per unit length or the rate of twist 2 = Gigs = Grable) T = Gldbide) fs7d4 = Giabide) IL FE, whore ic (= total angle (radians) of twist T= torque = length of shaft Tid gives the twisting moment per radian of twist. This is called the ‘orsional stiffness and is often denoted by the symbol k or . For Hollow, Thin-Walled Shafts t= ah, where Tae = thickness of shaft wall = the (otal mean area enclosed by the shafi measured to the midpoint of the wall.