Title:

Assignment 5
CONCURRENT ENGINEERING: IE655
Professor: PAUL G. RANKY, BS / MS (Hons) Mech. and Ind. Eng., MS (Eng.
Edu.), PhD (Automation Eng. with IT)
DATE: 24th March 2016
eLearning Pack ID: IE655-Spring 2016-36-27
Statement:
Work completed by Venkata Sai Rishith Ghantasala
Collaborative Companies:

SECO TOOLS

EDGE A MAGAZINE FOR SECO TOOLS

EVINRUDE, E-TECH

SCHMALTZ

Introduction And Objective

Part 0: Rework
Part 1:
1.

Innovative Green PLM Design

2.

Product/Process Innovation, Introduction Methods and Processes.

3.

Green Product Innovation Introduction (NPI & I)

4.

CORA

5.

PFRA

6.

Further Work Needed or proposed

Part 2:

1.

PLM/Digital Design, Digital Manufacturing & Sustainable Green Transition

Plan
2.. Transition Strategy including Implementation and Test Plan

3.

Implementation of Transition Plan

4.

ROI Plan
Part 3: Video Conferencing
Summary
Social networking
References

Introduction & Objective of the Project:

Our company GO-GREEN is one of the highly exclusive band of engineering
companies which is a website for he desktops and application for the mobiles and
ipad which helps the customers to benefit from a dual advantage costeffectiveness and enhanced machining capabilities. Its vast machine pool and an
expert engineering team with the highest level of technical and professional
competence produce products that are complex and meet the high quality standard
of its customers. Its product portfolio encompasses components ranging from 15
gms 12 kgs such as to crank shaft assemblies, Rocker arms, Gear shifter forks,
Common Rail, Connecting rods, etc. Some of the components that have been
manufactured in our firm are connecting rod, rocker arms and crankshafts.
Our Mission is to contribute towards Green and Sustainable Environment. We do
our bit towards this by having constructed a Green buildings in our premises. The
corporate office, engineering division are platinum rated buildings. We have solar
water heater installed in all the buildings along with a huge water treatment plant

built to treat the water which is polluted from our machining processes. Also there
is a scrap yard to make sure the rejected components are either reworked or given a
new shape so that the metals are not wasted.

Part 0: Rework of previous Assignments:

Assignment 0:
Based on your work I can offer you the following grade:10/10
Assignment 1:
Please note, that at this point in the course we are expecting a
working, simple web site.
Grade:
10/10
Assignment 2:
This is the grade I can give you: 20/20
This is the reason for this grade: please read the requirements above and
compare them to what you have submitted. Additionally, consider the
following: this is already Assignment 2; a major assignment worth 20%.
Assignment 3:
This is the grade I can offer you:
Assignment 3: 20/20
Assignment4:
I can offer you 20/20
Part 1:
1.

Innovative Green PLM Design:

Current Process:

The current process is predominantly uses conventional process. It includes

stamping, drawing, piercing, trimming and flanging operations. The metal forming
uses the metal to metal contact, between the tools and dies. This process has
become increasingly difficult because the new materials have increased strength
and hardness. This process uses significantly high amount of materials because of
which they cannot produce very thing automotive panels which compromises on
the intricate structures.
New Process:
Electrohydraulic forming (EHF) is a high-rate forming process based upon the
high-voltage discharge of capacitors between two electrodes positioned in a fluidfilled chamber. This promising process is extremely fast; uses lower-cost, singlesided tooling and potentially derives significantly increased formability from many
sheet metal materials because it involves elevated strain rates.
Industrial Application:
Electrohydraulic forming is a highly viable manufacturing technology because it
can be used to form all types of sheet materials. This multi material capability will
allow vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers to make the necessary investments
to bring EHF into commercial applications because they will not have to limit their
capabilities to a single family of materials, such as steel or aluminum.
Green Sustainable benefits of the EHF Process:
Thin automobile panels can be manufactured with the best features which enhances
the aerodynamic design and also improves the overall efficiency of the automobile.
It requires less energy which directly cuts down the requirement of energy.
It reduces the stresses on metals thereby increasing the longevity of the materials.
Reduced friction leads to better components.
This process leads to reduced metal requirement which ensures the mining of such
metals are reduced which is beneficial to the nature.
2. Product and Process Innovation:

CORA: CORA is a Team Oriented Problem Solving (TOPS), method, aimed at

minimizing dissatisfaction, and financial loss due to inadequate requirements
specification, and poor communication between customers and providers.
It is applied during the electronic support system planning stages of a product /
process development project, as well as later for TQM / TQC and other purposes,
and then updated on a regular basis to document changes in requirements and/or
best practice engineering and management solutions. It is an iterative technique
that promotes systematic engineering team thinking when a new process and/or
product, or system design is developed.
Applying this method in our company enhances the quality of manufactured
components, increases the customer satisfaction, takes the company towards the
goal of achieving 100% quality and also creates a platform to promote innovation.
PFRA: We will be implementing Process Failure Risk Analysis (PFRA) method
and software tool during the planning stages of a process. PFRA is a Team
Oriented Problem Solving (TOPS) method, aimed at minimizing dissatisfaction
and financial loss for process related failure risks.
Applying this method in our company enhances the quality of manufactured
components, increases the customer satisfaction, takes the company towards the
goal of achieving 100% quality and also creates a platform to promote innovation.
TQM: Total Quality Management is an approach by a company to improve the
quality of its products and services continuously by utilizing all the available
resources in an economical way. It is an ever improving process which urges the
organization to find new ways to achieve better products or services. The
importance here lies on how the company uses its entire arsenal to produce a
product with a continuous improvement in quality of their products economically
which also increases the customer satisfaction.
Employee Empowerment: An employee is given the responsibility of a particular
process. Anything that happens in that particular process, the empowered employee
or the employee who is responsible is the one who is held responsible for the
happenings. This responsibility or ownership of the process brings in urgency and
also tendency to continually improve processes, products and services to strive for
customer delight. This is nothing but empowering the employee with the
responsibility of the entire process and also the signature of the employee for
clearing that process brings in that empowerment. This makes the employee as
much responsible and care about their work much as CEO of the organization.

QFA: QFD is a specialized method for making customers part of the product
development cycle. The purpose of QFD is to identify customer needs and ensure
that they are effectively accommodated in a product design. It is a system that
allows designers and planners to focus on the attributes of a product from the
perspective of customers
POKA YOKE: Poka-Yoke is a technique for avoiding simple human error and
aiming for zero defects at all levels of work. The fundamental concept of PokaYoke is to respect the intelligence, knowledge and experience of machine operators
and assembly line workers, designers and manufacturing engineers trying to
eliminate the possibility of failure, or defects through design and sound practices.
Advanced Simulation Software: With the development of new advanced system,
computer simulation methods become more precise. Simulation software can
replace a lot of prototyping, and many important design decision can be made at
very low cost by compiling a lot of data at computer desk. It decreases defects and
lower prices at very early stages of PLM.
3D Printing: One of the biggest news in the manufacturing technology sector in
the last few years is the proliferation and application of 3D printing technology. It
has caught the imagination of the general public and the manufacturing community
like nothing since the invention of the personal computer and the internet. Within a
few years, the technology has evolved so much that it is now possible to produce
almost any component using metal, plastic, mixed materials and even human
tissue. It has forced engineers and designers to think very differently when thinking
about product development. As this more manufacturers adopt and use 3D printing
technology, there is little doubt that 3D Printing will change the face of
manufacturing forever.
3. New GREEN Product Innovation and Introduction (NPI&I):

Advanced Laser Based Sensors for Industrial Process Control:

To capture the potential of real-time monitoring and overcome the challenges of
harsh industrial environments, researchers will fabricate, deploy, and
commercialize advanced laser-based gas sensors for industrial process control
monitoring in electric arc furnaces. These sensors can achieve improvements in
process control, leading to enhanced productivity, improved product quality, and
reduced energy consumption and emissions. The first sensor will utilize both midinfrared and near-infrared lasers to make rapid in-situ measurements of industrial
gases and associated temperatures in the off-gas of an EAF. The second sensor will

make extractive measurements of process gases. Researchers will manufacture

three of each sensor type and deploy them at domestic EAF steelmaking facilities
to evaluate their effectiveness for real-time control of the EAF process.

The Internet of Things (IoT):

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary manufacturing technology that
allows electronic devices connected to each other, within the existing Internet
infrastructure, to communicate with one another without human intervention. An
IoT device connects to the internet and is capable of generating and receiving
signals. As such, the use of this technology is going to have a profound impact on
the manufacturing industry. IoT enables connected devices to talk to each other,
sending and receiving critical notifications. An example of a critical notification is
a defect or damaged ping. Once the device detects a failure, the IoT connected
device sends a notification to another device or a user. This type of small, but
critical, application of IoT in manufacturing results in reduced downtime, increased
quality, reduced waste and less overall costs.

Cloud Computing:
Cloud computing is the practice of using a network of Internet-connected remote
services along various points to store, manage, and process data. Many companies
are already using cloud computing, although the manufacturing industry is still
taking time to warm up to the technology due to connectivity and security
concerns. Over time, to the present day, cloud computing grows more stable and
reliable. Manufacturers are increasingly implementing cloud computing software
in manufacturing plants spread out in various geographic areas in order to share
data quickly and efficiently. In implementing cloud computing, manufacturers
reduce costs, gain greater quality control, and increase the speed of production. In
the future, it is feasible that all manufacturing facilities will have a connection to
the cloud.

Big Data and Predictive Maintenance Technology:

Manufacturing industries can significantly increase their efficiency and

productivity with the technologies that allow them to collect, process and measure
big data in real time. These technologies include electronic devices that connect
factories through the internet and web pages that double as dashboards for
controlling the processes. Predictive maintenance technology helps predict snags
and defects and thus cuts downtime and costs. In the future, manufacturers will
implement big data and predictive maintenance technologies in every area of
manufacturing. IoT is a part of big data and predictive technology that
manufacturers are already using with remarkable success.

V2V Communications:
In February, US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration announced that it
will begin taking steps to enable vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication
technology for light vehicles. This technology would allow vehicles to talk to
each other and ultimately avoid many crashes altogether by exchanging basic
safety data, such as speed and position, ten times per second, to improve safety.

Pre Collison Technology:

Top carmakers such as Ford and Hyundai have developed a pre-collision assist and
pedestrian detection technology. Besides helping the driver detect blind spots, this
technology also alerts the driver when he/she is not paying attention on the road.
And if the driver falls asleep and does not respond to the warning, then the system
applies the brakes on its own. The driver assist system has two types of sensors.
One is millimetre-wave radar located inside the front grille, and the other is a
monocular camera mounted on the upper, inside part of the windshield. Its
collision mitigation braking system delivers an audio and visual warning when
there is a risk of a head-on collision. If the driver fails to react, the car will
automatically begin breaking itself to prevent or reduce the severity of a crash

Megascale Desalination Plant:

On a Mediterranean beach 10 miles south of Tel Aviv, Israel, a vast new industrial
facility hums around the clock. It is the worlds largest modern seawater

desalination plant, providing 20 percent of the water consumed by the countrys

households. Built for the Israeli government by Israel Desalination Enterprises, or
IDE Technologies, at a cost of around $500 million, it uses a conventional
desalination technology called reverse osmosis (RO). Thanks to a series of
engineering and materials advances, however, it produces clean water from the sea
cheaply and at a scale never before achieved.

Chainless Bike:
Dealing with a rusty bicycle chain can be a messy affair, but an innovative new
bike from Ikea solves that pesky problem. The furniture retail giant recently
introduced its new Sladda bike, which uses an oil-free and corrosion-resistant
drive belt rather than a metal chain.

The drive belt is designed to last about 9,320 miles (15,000 kilometers), which is
about two to three times longer than a typical steel chain, according to Ikea.
Moreover, the unisex Sladda bike has a click system that lets the rider snap on
accessories, such as a basket, a bike bag rack and a towing trailer, the company
said.

Distributed Manufacturing:
The factory of the future is onlineand on your doorstep
Distributed manufacturing turns on its head the way we make and deliver products.
In traditional manufacturing raw materials are brought together, assembled and
fabricated in large centralized factories into identical finished products that are
then sent to the customer. In distributed manufacturing the raw materials and
methods of fabrication are decentralized and the final product is manufactured very
close to the final customer.

Fuel Cell Vehicles:

Fuel-cell vehicles have long promised several major advantages over those
powered by electricity or hydrocarbons. The technology has only now begun to
reach the stage where automotive companies are planning launches for consumers,
however. Initial prices are likely to be in the range of $70,000 but should come
down significantly as volumes increase within the next couple of years.

4. CORA Analysis and Summary for new process:

The 3 important aspects in CORA are:

Define scope, function and purpose:

Meaning, that the team should define the system or sub-system, or any product,
process, or service system design to be analyzed. (When greening a product, one
should find a suitable candidate.)

Identify user / customer requirements:

This means that the team should collect all realistic and accurate user requirements
and enter them in the left hand side of our CORA spreadsheet.

Prioritize potential requirements:

This activity means, that all requirements should be ranked depending on their
importance, by the cross-functional team as early as possible. In order to achieve
the highest level of customer satisfaction with the end product, this activity focuses
on the key issues and provides a traceable path from the customer down to the
most detailed processes, throughout each stage of the product development cycle

The List of Customer Requirement for the new EMF process are:
High Efficiency
High Quality Products
Affordability
High Impact Strength

Safety of the components

Non Corrosive Components
Durability of the components
Waste Reduction during manufacturing

The List of Engineering Solutions are:

High Quality Materials
Non Corrosive materials
Six Sigma Quality Standards
CAE Analysis
Temperature Control Sensors
Test for corrosion
Automate Assembly Line
Cost Analysis

Summary for the CORA Analysis:

The most important engineering solution is high quality materials with AIR 143
and RIR 16.27. This is quite obvious because a high quality material can deliver
the desired result may it be in terms of customer satisfaction and also for the
manufacturer of the automobile.
The next important solution is CAE Analysis with AIR 132 and RIR 15.02. Better
CAE simulation can give a better product with desired features and long lasting
service for the customer.

The third important solution is temperature control sensors with AIR 129 and RIR
14.68. EMF carried out under proper temperature settings gives the best
component which shows the importance of temperature control.
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3DapaRrQktqSWtDWXBQVFNHR0k

5. PFRA Analysis and Summary:

There are seven basic steps that should be applied when working with the PFRA
template. The PFRA spreadsheet is attached along with this. They are:
Inspection of raw materials received
Inspection of DC generator and High-Longevity Bearings
Casting of Automobile parts
Frame Assembly
Threading
Welding of different components
Aerodynamics analysis of each component
Painting of the product
Final Quality Control before packaging
Product packaging
Application of label and specification sheet
Storage of ready-to-ship products

Highest RPN and associated corrective actions:

1.

Threading: Max RPN- 400 and Accumulated RPN 887.04

This has the highest RPN which shows that immediate attention is required. To
rectify this, the operators are subjected to more workshops and better equipments
are provided. Also, the quality engineers on the shop floor are asked to test the
threading more frequently. Also the equipments are subjected to destructive testing
to check the strength of the threads on the components.

2.

Final Quality Control before packaging: Max RPN- 320 and

Accumulated RPN- 511.10
This has the second highest RPN which requires immediate attention. The quality
department has adopted a more stringent quality checks before sending to the
packing. Also the earlier quality check are made more frequent. Also workshops
are organized to enlighten the operators and engineers about the value of 100%
quality and also certain easy but very important steps to increase the quality of
each component.

3.

Storage of ready to ship products: Max RPN-288 and Accumulated

RPNThis has the third highest RPN which requires immediate attention. The
maintenance department has decided to enhance the warehouse facilities by using
the latest weather control for the components. Also, the sales department is
frequently updated about the stock in the warehouse so that the sales can increase
when there in increase of finished goods in the warehouse.
https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B3DapaRrQktqYkN4OHcybTcyQ2M

6. Further Work needed or proposed:

The other method which can be integrated is the 3D printing technology which is
used for manufacturing. It is one of the biggest news in the manufacturing
technology sector in the last few years is the proliferation and application of 3D
printing technology. It has caught the imagination of the general public and the

manufacturing community like nothing since the invention of the personal

computer and the internet. Within a few years, the technology has evolved so much
that it is now possible to produce almost any component using metal, plastic,
mixed materials and even human tissue. It has forced engineers and designers to
think very differently when thinking about product development. As this more
manufacturers adopt and use 3D printing technology, there is little doubt that 3D
Printing will change the face of manufacturing forever.

Part 2:
1.

PLM /Digital Design Manufacturing and Sustainable Transition Plan

Many companies have been utilizing the traditional engineering approach for
design which involves a sequential approach where marketing obtains the
requirements which are passed to the design team. Once the design is complete this
is passed manufacturing, testing, and then production. When errors or changes
occur it must go back to the phase that needs rework and then back through the
sequential phases. This method is characterized by a lot of risk and often leads to
longer product lead times and added waste. Furthermore when a new product is
launched with the traditional approach but it similar to a certain degree to an
existing product the tradition approach often requires a start from scratch.
Companies have started to transition to a CE/PLM based approach which involves
the collaboration of all of the groups, marketing, design, manufacturing,
maintenance, quality, etc early on from conception. More importantly there is a
heavy collaborative effort during design to reduce the changes of rework and
errors. To go further this approach has also evolved into PLM/ Digital Design and
Manufacturing. This is a similar concept as CE/PLM but it occurs on a digital
platform. Software packages allow for management of the entire PLM in addition
to digital modeling and designing of the product and process. Product and process
information is stores in an object format which can be manipulated and modified.
This type of plat form allows for quick collaboration and faster design and
modifications. Furthermore the information is stores and can be retrieved when a
similar new product has to be developed.
Implementation of PLM / Digital Design and Manufacture leads to shorter lead
time of products. It engages the resources early during the design phase to ensure
errors are reduced. In addition it allows for iterative product changes and less

rework and newer but similar products need to be developed. This is something
Toyota has mastered and has shown for it to be profitable and results in high
quality products. Therefore although the current method works there is always a
need to do it better because eventually companies will find it hard to meet the
customers need. When the reduction of waste and faster lead times are realized
the ROI is favorable therefore the time and money invested is well worth it. Lastly,
with the proper implementation plan and software choice existing files and projects
can be transitioned over or may not need to be brought over depending on the
company strategy.

2. Transition Strategy including Implementation and Test Plan

In order to develop transition strategy for an organization utilizing the traditional
approach to a CE/ PLM/Digital and Design based organization a system modeling
tool called CIMpgr was used. CIMpgr was developed by Ranky et al. CIMpgr is a
set of diagrams which show object to object relationships, their inputs, controls,
requirements, and outputs. CIMpgr has been used to show the processes/phases
involved with the transition of a traditional organization to a modern PLM
organization.
CIMpgr Model for Transition and Implementation
The Strategy is focused around the following processes.

Definition Managements direction is translated into a standard operating

procedure which will service as a guideline of how PLMs should be managed and
will serve as a blue print for the organization
Assess and Analyze This SOP will be analyzed from a gap and risk perspective
for future projects with Quality Assurance oversight to ensure all conformance
standards and regulatory guidelines are adhered to. A review of existing 2-D,3-D
CAD files will be performed to ensure feasibility of transfer to new PLM software.
Pilot and Educate Software and required hardware will be installed. An internal
team along with the software vendor will work to establish the new Digital PLM
software and validate it per vendor protocol and QA approval. A three wave
training blitz will be launched. The first wave will include overview training for all

and in depth training for those who will be involved with the pilot projects as well
as any support groups such as IT. A second training blitz will involve retraining of
the SOP for those involved with the Pilot development projects right before kick
off. The execution of the projects will be reviewed by QA and senior management
for final approval to implement.
Implement and Transfer Once pilot testing is complete, the SOP will be rolled
out to all employees and formal training of all employees will be performed. For a
member to have access to the digital PLM system and be a part of any PLM team
training on the current version of the SOP shall be maintained.
The recommended education plan is stated in the above four processes but it can be
altered based on the size of the company. With larger companies and more
individual it is important to realize more training sessions may be required to get
all individuals and to ensure the were able to understand their role and
responsibility in the procedure. The reason for converting the PLM approach to an
SOP is because the guidelines are documented, agreed to by management, and
makes everyones role and responsibility clear. Medium to Large sized companies
should expect to perform numerous training sessions during the pilot to ensure
people are familiar and then at implementation to ensure people know exactly what
they should be doing. In a smaller company fewer training sessions might be
required and my not need to be as formalized.
Process Model

Layer 0:
The Layer 0 is also called as the Parent Layer as it is the top most layer in the
CIMpgr model. The graphical representation of this layer is shown above. It
displays a high level description of the entire system and the boundaries of the
system are decided here. When we move on to the next layers, the same process is
explained in more details. In this layer 0, the input, resources, controls and output
required for designing and functioning of Assembly unit are shown. This layer
depicts the functioning of all the undergoing processes in the system. The
customer requirements and system requirements are very important; the success of
the project highly depends on their understanding. Simultaneously, technical
knowledge, time constraint, budget constraint, machinery and raw materials are of
equal importance.

Layer 1:

The Layer 1 is the Child layer of Layer 0. It elaborates on the processes depicted
in the layer 0 within the same boundaries, and explains the processes in more
details. The graphical representation of the layer 1 is shown below. The figure
below represents Layer 2 which is the break down of the process A3 further into
three different sub-process namely A3.1, A3.2, A3.3. This process tells the
companies requirements. Following the right plan and requirements will lead to
the success in delivery of the final quality product eventually leading to the
success of the company. The device is designed using the appropriate design
specifications under trained design engineers. Our product will be tested
thoroughly before it is released in the market. Quality standards will be
maintained. Products will be constantly tested using quality engineering tests. The
company will focus on our customers, keep a constant check whether the
customers are satisfied.To achieve this, the marketing and the sales team will have

an account of the budget and the financial limit and will work on the promotion
and advertising aspects of our product.This team will also help in finding new
collaborations.

Layer 2:

Layer 2 is the Child layer of Layer 1. It elaborates on the Assembly Unit Operation
in Layer 1. Layer 2 is divided in three processes. The fan is cut and shaped
properly according to the needs of the customer and a special type of coating is
given for a attractive look. These are being produced under proper design
specifications. Since the product should reach the customers in a safe manner ( i.e
without breaking), the packaging is done with packaging safety standards.The
packaging is done using proper tools and automated robots. The goal of our

company is to produce quality products to the customers, we accomplish that by

following time to time scheduled processes. Promoters and distributors take
charge in looking after the sales and orders from the customers.

3. Implementation of Transition Plan:

1.

Build digital architecture and framework of the integrated PLM system

2.

Upload Master Data from legacy systems

3.

Verify Master Data is accurate and make changes where it is not

4.

Upload software into Product Development, Manufacturing, and Marketing

systems

5.

Verify functionality of equipment with new software.

6.

Establish criteria for integrated user testing.

7.

Training for integrated user testing.

8.

Execute integrated user testing

9.

Verify user testing met criteria and fix bugs where found

10.

Education Plan:
For small-medium size companies (up to 400 employees) training can be
conducted by 1 or 2 trainers preferreably one company subject matter expert
(SME) and one software SME
For larger companies (more than 400 employees) a team of trainers consisting
of company SMEs will be educated first on the software, and the company SME
trainers will conduct training sessions of up to 40 people per session
Conduct trial run.
Conduct end-user training for all functions and update SOPs.
Execute go-live of green integrated PLM system and obsolete legacy systems.

11.

Instant on-site Support through first three months following system go-live,
feedback for any errors/problems.

12.

External virtual support afterwards.

13.

Document project closeout.

4. Return on Investment (ROI):

Total Investment = $746,400.
Total Gain =$1,773,696
ROI in 3 years = 232%

PART 3: VIDEO CONFERENCING

I did the video conferencing with Pranita Raviprolu who is also a student of IE655.
1.

What was the purpose of the Video Conference

The purpose of this video conference was about the exchange of ideas. We
discussed about the new products being built in our companies and their
sustainability, efficiency and also the contribution towards conservation of nature
through the new product.

2.

What were the most important steps in your product design review
process?
Initially we discussed about the traditional methods that are currently being used in
industries and then went about discussing how the new idea was born and also
about the feasibility of the new product.

3.

What software did you use for VC and how?

The software used for the video conference was Hangout which is a product of
Google. This is an excellent platform for video conference.

4.

What did you discuss and achieve during the VC session?

We discussed about the feasibility of the new product and the way it changes the
working in industry. Also the increase in profit that results by the use of this new
product.
5.

How do you like this video-conferencing approach for collaborative

CE/PLM problem solving?
This approach is more user friendly which saves time and also fuel required for
travelling the distance. Also this session can be arranged within a short span of
time.

6.

What were the main challenges?

The main challenge was the video lag and video quality associated with respect to
video conferencing. The video quality can certainly be better and also the video lag
should be avoided.

7.

What worked well, and what did not, and why?

I did not find any problem in the Video Conferencing Session. The VC made the
conversations seem more like face to face discussion. Not having to travel saved
time, energy and money. It was interesting to learn from each others projects. I
think that actually meeting up in person would have created the same impact on
our communication. So I think video conferencing is a good tool in order to reduce
overhead time for the meetings.

8.

In comparison to a face-to-face visit, versus VC, what is the estimated

carbon footprint saving to the environment?
Using a very good carbon foot print calculator following results were
obtainedInstead of driving to Pranitas place to see her project and review about it I
used my own home to carry out the video conferencing. According to the daily
consumption of gas and electricity for our house in Harrison. Our yearly carbon
footprint8,621 lbs CO2 per year i.e. 23.62/day
If I use a car to drive to drive to NJIT for a meeting then my total carbon footprint
annually is 18,325 lbs CO2 per year i.e.50.2 lb/day. So totally I am saving 50.223.62= 26.58 lbs CO2.
SUMMARY:

This assignment had the introduction of several technologies in the processes that
were being used for manufacturing of our products. These technologies were
introduced in all the tools that were discussed in the previous assignments. The
implementation of CIMpgr Models, CORA and PFRA demonstrated a significant
benefit of these Technology. At the last stage of the assignment, quality tests were
performed in order to ensure continuous improvement of the company as well as
better customer satisfaction and greener sustainability. The complete process was
then passed through a quality test to see that all the procedures are being followed
to be a sustainable organization. Application of the course tools such as CIMpgr
diagrams, CORA charts, Control Charts, and PFRA charts have been employed in
the companys production processes. These techniques help reduce to defects and
errors. Through Process modeling everyone in
the company understands the processes that are followed during the manufacture of
the product. The CORA method, helped improve the design of the service process
by understanding and meeting the requirements of the customer. Lastly, the PFRA
method was used to identify potential risk failures and process failures that could
affect the product once it is released to end-users. By the implementation of all
these techniques and technologies, the organization will continue to strive for new
industrial standards and produce high quality products for total customer
satisfaction.
Social Networking Articles :
1. Daimler Emissions Investigation OvershadowsEarnings Announcement
https://prashanthmuralidhar.wordpress.com/2016/04/23/daimleremissions-investigation-overshadows-earnings-announcement/
I am very much surprised by these so called brands which would invest lot of time
and money on the promotions but not on the quality which would hurt their brand
name and the image, so called giants in the automobile industry should atleast be
concerned of the reputation and have to maintain 100% quality.So, in this case of
ignoring the consequences by the top management of the company. The
investigation should be done thoroughly and the guilty should be punished. This
can easily result in decrease of share value and also sales for the company.
2. Consumer Reports Details Quality Issues With Tesla Model X
https://prashanthmuralidhar.wordpress.com/2016/04/23/consumer
-reports-details-quality-issues-with-tesla-model-x/

The main moto of any company is to maintain its quality and reputation which are
interlinked with each other. Here Tesla Motors recently recalled its first sportutility vehicle over concerns about the stability of a seating hinge during a crash.so
tesla which is competing with the giants in automobile industry we loss its
credibility which will effect their market and which would definitely have a bad
influence in the future. Although the issue is the most serious safety concern to
come to light during initial production of the Model X, its far from the only
problem plaguing the much-touted all-electric SUV.However, led to a decline in
the companys stock price, and The Wall Street Journal noted that the company
will need to resolve its issues quickly as it prepares to ramp up production of a
more economical all-electric car.lets see in the near future how will it overcome it.

3. Solar-Powered Plane Successfully Departs To Resume Around-TheWorld Flight

https://prashanthmuralidhar.wordpress.com/2016/04/23/solarpowered-plane-successfully-departs-to-resume-around-the-worldflight/
As we all now that the idea of Solar Powered Planes can thrill any person which
would save a lot of fuel . The planes ideal flight speed is about 28 mph, though
that can double during the day when the suns rays are strongest. The carbon-fiber
aircraft weighs more than 5,000 pounds, or about as much as a minivan or midsize
truck.The wings of Solar Impulse 2, which stretch wider than those of a Boeing
747, are equipped with 17,000 solar cells that power propellers and charge
batteries. The plane runs on stored energy at night. So, hopefully we can see lot of
solar planes in our future.
REFERENCES:
1.

http://energy.gov/eere/amo/next-generation-manufacturing-processes

2.

http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/11/f4/lehigh_fs.pdf

3.

http://cerasis.com/2015/01/13/manufacturing-technology/

4.

Concurrent / Simultaneous Engineering An e-book by Dr..Paul G Ranky

5.

Quality Management for Organizational Excellence by David.L.Goetsch

and Stanely.B.Davis