Grade 10 IB physics

Name:

Open and Closed Tube Resonance Answer Key

1. Determine the length of an open-aired column required to produce a fundamental
frequency of 560 Hz. The speed of sound waves is known to be 343 m/s in 20c
temperatures.
= 1
=

343/
=
= 0.6125

560

(0.6125 )(1)
=
=
= .
2
2
=

2. The sound created by wind chimes is a result of resonating waves in an openended tube. Given a wind chime is 60.0 cm long, determine the frequency of the
second harmonic on:
a) a cold day (-20c)
b) a spring day (5c)
c) a summer day (25c)
= 331 + 0.6
= 331 + 0.6 20 = /

a)

b)

2(319/)
=
= .
2(0.600)
=

= 331 + 0.6
= 331 + 0.6 5.0 = /
=
=

a)

2 334/
= .
2 0.600

= 331 + 0.6
= 331 + 0.6 25 = /
=
=

2(346/)
= .
2(0.600)

3. A musician is preparing to play their flute before a outdoor concert. The Flutist
plays the fundamental frequency of their flute that registers at 196 Hz. If the flute
is measured to be 89.2 cm long, determine the outdoor temperature.
= 1
2 = = 2 0.892 = .
= = 196 1.784 = 3.50 10! /
= 331 + 0.6

331
0.6

= .
4. An organ pipe is used to play a variety of notes. The organ pipe works like a
closed-end tube. The 3rd harmonic registers at 1835 Hz while the 5th harmonic
registers at 3058 Hz. Determine the fundamental frequency of the pipe and the
length of the pipe (assume 20c).

:

4
=

=
=
4

343
3

= 0.1402
4 1835

:
=

343 1
=
= 611.7
4 4 0.1402

3
,
4
1

4
1
1
!
1835 = 611.7
3
3

5. A 0.397m tube produces a fundamental frequency of 220 Hz. Determine if the

tube is open ended or closed ended if the speed of sound through the pipe is 350
m/s.
Closed:

Open:

4(0.397)
=
1
= 1.59

350/
=
1.59
=

2
=

2(0.397)
=
1
= 0.794

350/
=
0.794
=

6. Which of the following diagrams best represents the shape of the wave pattern
created when the maximum loudness of a tuning fork is heard over a closed ended
pipe?
a)

b)

c)

d)

The wave exists in a closed ended tube. We know a closed ended tube acts as a node at
the closed end, thus it could not be A or D. In order for sound to be heard, there must be
an antinode present at the opening of the tube, thus B is our only option.

7. A student blows air over a graduated cylinder partially filled with water. They
determine the first overtone is 480 Hz. Given that the speed of sound is 343 m/s
and that the cylinder has a water level reading 46cm, determine the length of the
tube.
=

343/
=
= 0.7146

480

1 = 3 = 3
=

0.7146 3
=
= .
4
4

= . + . = .
8. A tuning fork tuned to middle C (261 Hz) is played at the same time a person
plays the middle C key of an old piano. There is an audible beat frequency of 3
beats per second. What are the possible frequencies of the pianos middle C key?
= 3
!"#$#% !"#$ !"#$% = 3
261 !"#$% = 3
261 !"#$% = 3
!"#$% = 261 3
=