Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
(Sarawak Campus)
Faculty of Engineering and Science
HES5310
Machine Dynamics 2
Lab 2 Report: Epicyclical Gear Train System
Lecturer: Dr. Samer Yahya
Group Members:
Aminu Ismaila Ibrahim (4216997)
Ammar Baig (4218930)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Experiment 2:
To determine the input power and output power of the epicyclic gear system.
To determine the power loss of the epicyclic gear system.
To measure the different stage epicyclic gear systems speed output.
To measure the output torque generated by the epicyclic gear system.
To calculate the epicyclic gear system efficiency.
Theory:
Epicyclic gearing also called as planetary gearing. It is a gear system that consists
of one or more outer gear (planet gear) rotating about a central (sun gear). The planet
gear are mounted on a moveable arm (carrier) which itself may rotate relative to the sun
gear. Epicyclic gearing systems may also incorporate the use of an outer ring gear or
annulus, which meshes with the planet gears.
Figure 1 show an example of epicyclic gearing. It is used to increase output speed. The
planet gear carrier is driven by an input torque. The sun gear provides the output torque,
while the ring gear is fixed.
Gear ratio:
The gear ratio in an epicyclic gearing system can be different by the design of the gear
teeth and the ways of input rotation to the gear. The three basic components of the
epicyclic gear are:
1.
2.
For the case where the annulus is held stationary while the sun gear is used as an input
and the planet carrier as an output, the gear ratio in this case will be 1/(1+A/S). This is the
lowest ratio obtainable with an epicyclic gear train. This type of gearing is normally used
in tractors and construction equipment in order to have a higher torque provided to the
drive wheels. More planet and sun gear units can be placed in series in the same ring gear
housing (where the output shaft of the first stage becomes the input shaft of the next stage)
providing a larger (or smaller) gear ratio. This is the way some automatic transmission
work.
A Spring scale
C
D
E
F
G
Inductive sensor
Main power switch
H
I
J
K
Loading nut
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
The time taken to complete the total number of cycle is state down by using a stop
watch. (Reminder: Take few set of reading to achieve better average time).
Step 6 is repeated for the 3rd stage ring gear output speed (C).
The torque reading from the digital torque meter (I) is stated down. The torque
reading will be fluctuated. The max/min button is pressed to obtain the maximum
torque reading. The reading is stated down to the table provided.
From the spring scale (A), the force generated is measured. Take the different
between the maximum and minimum value as the force reading. The reading is
recorded to the table provided.
Step 5 to 11 are repeated by using different type of input speed (i.e 45, 55, 65
rpm). (Note: Please reset the maximum value for the torque meter by pressing the
max/min button for 3 seconds.)
All the tables provided are computed.
The input and output torque of the system as well as the input and output power of
the system is compared.
Results:
Calculation of power input to the epicyclic gear system
Motor Speed Torque
1st Stage Ring Load Output Motor Angular Power
(rpm)
Input (Nm) Gear Speed (rpm) (kg)
Speed (rad/s)
Input
35
0.8
10
10.5
3.6652
2.93216
44
0.8
13
10.5
4.6077
3.686
56
0.8
17
10.75
5.8643
4.691
65
0.72
20
11
6.8068
4.901
Sample calculation FOR 35 rpm:
Motor Angular Speed =
=
Power Input =
=
=
Sample calculation for 44 rpm:
Motor Angular Speed =
=
Power Input =
=
=
3.6652
Torque Input
0.8 * 3.6652
2.93216 W
4.6077 rad/s
Torque Input
0.8 * 4.6077
3.686 W
5.8643 rad/s
Torque Input
0.8 * 5.8643
4.691 W
=
=
6.8068
Power Input =
Torque Input Motor Angular Speed
=
0.72 * 6.8068
=
4.901 W
nd
Calculation for the 2 stage ring gear speed (rpm)
Motor Speed Number
of Time (s)
2nd Stage Ring Gear Angular Speed
(rpm)
Cycle
Speed (rps)
(rad/s)
35
1
64
0.0156
0.09817
44
1
50
0.02
0.1257
56
1
40
0.025
0.157
65
1
33
0.0303
0.1904
Angular Speed
Angular Speed
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Angular Speed
Angular Speed
=
=
=
=
0.025 rps
2nd stage gear speed
0.025rps * 2
0.157 rad/s
=
=
=
=
=
=
Angular Speed
Angular Speed
Angular Speed
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Angular Speed
=
=
0.02525rps * 2
0.1587 rad/s
=
=
=
=
=
=
Calculation for torque & power generated at the 3rd stage of epicyclical gear
Motor Speed Load Output Load Output Torque Output Power
Output
(rpm)
(kg)
(N)
(Nm)
(W)
35
10.5
103.005
4.635
0.4658
44
10.5
103.005
4.635
0.5743
56
10.75
105.458
4.74558
0.75312
65
11
107.91
4.85591
0.8973
Radius of the Pulley = 0.045m
Sample calculation for 35 rpm:
Load Output (N)
=
Load Output (kg)
9.81m/s2
=
10.5 kg 9.81m/s2
=
103.005 N
Torque Output =
Load Output (N)
Radius of the pulley
=
103.005 N
0.045m
=
4.635 Nm
Power Output
=
Torque Output Angular Speed of 3rd Stage Ring Gear
=
4.635 m * 0.1005 rad/s
=
0.4658 W
Sample calculation for 44 rpm :
Load Output (N)
=
Load Output (kg)
9.81m/s2
=
10.5 kg 9.81m/s2
=
103.005 N
Torque Output =
Load Output (N)
Radius of the pulley
=
103.005 N
0.045m
=
4.635 Nm
Power Output
=
Torque Output Angular Speed of 3rd Stage Ring Gear
=
4.635 m * 0.1239 rad/s
=
0.5743 W
Sample calculation for 56 rpm :
=
Load Output (kg)
9.81m/s2
=
10.75 kg 9.81m/s2
=
105.4575 N
Torque Output =
Load Output (N)
Radius of the pulley
=
105.4575 N
0.045m
=
4.74558 Nm
Power Output
=
Torque Output Angular Speed of 3rd Stage Ring Gear
=
4.74558 m * 0.1587 rad/s
=
0.75312 W
Sample calculation for 65 rpm:
Load Output (N)
=
Load Output (kg)
9.81m/s2
=
11 kg 9.81m/s2
=
107.91 N
Torque Output =
Load Output (N)
Radius of the pulley
=
107.91 N
0.045m
=
4.85591 Nm
Power Output
=
Torque Output Angular Speed of 3rd Stage Ring Gear
=
4.85591 m * 0.1848 rad/s
=
0.8973 W
Load Output (N)
=
0.5743/3.686
=
0.15580
Sample calculation for 56 rpm
Power Loss =
Power Input Power Output
=
4.691 W 0.75312W
=
3.93788 W
Efficiency
=
Power Output / Power Input
=
0.75312/4.691
=
0.1605
Sample calculation for 65 rpm
Power Loss =
Power Input Power Output
=
4.901 W 0.8973 W
=
4.0037 W
Efficiency
=
Power Output / Power Input
=
0.8973/4.901
=
0.18308
Calculation of speed ratio of the epicyclical gear system
Motor
Angular 1st Stage Ring Gear 2nd Stage Ring Gear 3rd Stage Ring Gear
Speed (rad/s), R1 Speed (rad/s), R2 Speed (rad/s), R3 Speed (rad/s), R4
3.6652
1.047
0.09817
0.1005
4.6077
1.3613
0.1257
0.1239
5.8643
1.7802
0.157
0.1587
6.8068
2.094
0.1904
0.1848
Motor Speed R1/R2
(rpm)
35
3.5006
44
3.384
56
3.294
65
3.2506
R1/R3
R1/R4
R2/R3
R2/R4
R3/R4
37.335
36.65
37.352
35.75
36.469
37.1888
36.952
36.833
10.665
10.829
11.338
11.0
10.4149
10.987
11.217
11.331
.9768
1.0145
0.989
1.0303
Discussion
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
From the above two graphs we can see that the gear speed is directly proportional to the
power which goes in line with the theory.
Observing the experiment we can see that the output torque isnt affected by the power
input however the power output lost increases when the power input is increased.
Useful data
No of Teeth Pitch Diameter (mm)
Pitch Size (mm)
Sun Gear
18
36
7
Planetary Gear
21
44
7
Ring Gear
60
120
7
Gear Ratio
Gear Ratio
Gear Ratio
Gear Ratio
Gear Ratio
Gear Ratio
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Nsun / N Planetary
18/21
0.86
Nsun/N Ring
18 / 60
0.30
N Planetary / N Ring
21 / 60
0.35
From the tables we can that the relationship between powers input and output is
linear.
From the calculation we can see that there is power loss from the input to the
output this can be attributed to the following reasons.
3.
Conclusion
In conclusion we say that the in this experiment we have seen how we can increase the
torque input to a higher value using an epicyclic gear train system. For example for a
motor speed of 35rpm we can see how we were able to turn the 0.8Nm in 4.635Nm in a
much smaller setting than using a compound train system. We have also seen the
significant power losses that occur due to this increase in torque. For the 44rpm motor
speed a power loss of 3.1117 W was observed.