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Math1040:SkittlesProject
Introduction
TheSkittlesProjectisanassignmentgiventoapplystatisticalconceptsbycalculatingthe
amountofskittlesina2.17ouncebag.Oncecompletedthedataislatercomparedwiththerest
oftheclassdataforevaluation.Tobegintheproject,a2.17ouncebagofSkittlesmustbe
purchased.Onceattainingthebag,separatethedifferentcolorsofSkittlesintopiles,thencount
outthecontrastingnumberswhilerecordingthedata.Thencombinethedatawiththerestofthe
classtocreateaPieChart,alongwithaParetoChart,toanalyzethedata.Calculatethe
FiveNumberSummary,thestandarddeviation,andthemeantomakeaHistogramanda
Boxplottoviewthefrequency.Fromthesegraphs,evaluatetheinformationtodrawupwitha
conclusion.
OrganizingandDisplayingCategoricalData:Colors
MyData
Numberofred
candies
6

Numberof
orangecandies

Numberof
yellowcandies

12

Numberof
greencandies

Numberof
purplecandies

15

11

TheClassData
Numberofred
candies
513

Numberof
orangecandies
438

Numberof
yellowcandies
444

Numberof
greencandies

Numberof
purplecandies

487

483

Aftercreatingthesegraphs,itcanbeseenthateachcolorofskittlesisextremelyclosetoequivalent.
ThesegraphsdoreflectwhatIwasexpectingtoseeinbeingthat,withalargequantityofskittlebags,
eachcolorwouldhavethesameprobabilityofoccurring.Thisoveralldatadidnotcorrelatewithmy
owndata,duetothefactthatthenumbersofmyskittleshadvaried,beingfarfromsimilar.Thus,itcan
beseenthatonebagofskittlescannotbeusedtodetermineawholeclasssetofskittles.

OrganizingandDisplayingQuantitativeData

Aneasywaytotocalculatethe5NumberSummary,inadditiontothemeanandthestandard
deviation,istoplugthenumbersofthecollecteddataintoacalculatorbypressingthestats
button.Tocollectthedata,addupthetotalofeachbagofskittlesfromtheclassseparately.

ClassData:IQR5,Min52,Q157,Median60,Q362,Max67

Afterviewingthesegraphs,itcanbeperceivedthattheamountofskittlesinabagvaries
between52and67however,anindividualismorelikelytoreceiveabagcontainingaround60
skittles..Theshapeofthegraphisskewedleftsubsequently,itisextremelyclosetoabell
shape.ThegraphssurprisedmeduetothefactthatIassumedthehistogramwouldbebell
shaped.Theclasssetdoesnotagreewithmybagofskittlesinbeingthat,mybagwas
consideredasanoutlierontheboxplot.Mybagincluded49skittleswhereas,themajorityof
theclasssskittleshadnearly60skittles.Conclusively,itcanbeseenthatonebagcannot
representthedataforotherbagsofskittles.

Reflection
Thedifferencebetweencategoricalandquantitativedataisthatcategoricaldataconsistsof
namesorlabelsthatarenotnumbersrepresentingcountsormeasurementswhereas,
quantitativedataconsistofnumbersrepresentingcountsormeasurements.ThePieandPareto
Chartissensibleforcategoricaldatabecausethenumberrepresentstheamountofcolorseach
grouphastherefore,thenumberhaslittletonoimportance.TheHistogramandtheBoxplotis
essentialforquantitativedataforreasonbeing,theyrepresentnumericalimportance.Theyboth
displaytheimportanceoffrequencyandthemeasureofcenter.Whencalculationscomeinto
play,thedistinctamountofcolorsofskittleswouldmakesenseforcategoricaldatabecausethe
focusisonthecolors.Forqualitative,thefivenumbersummarywouldbesensibleinbeingthat
thenumbershavenumericalsignificance,asstatedbefore.Conclusively,particulargraphsare
significantforeitherqualitativeorquantitativedata.

ConfidenceIntervalEstimatesandHypothesisTests

Reflection
Whencalculatingintervals,thedataisrequiredtoconsistofarange,orinterval,ofvaluesrather
thanjustasinglevalue.Withtheconfidenceinterval,wehaveabettersenseofhowwellthe
estimateis.Forhypothesistesting,anullandalternativehypothesismustbepresentedinthe
probleminadditiontoanunderlyinghypothesistestingprocedure.Withthisinformation,weare
abletofurtherourcalculationstodetermineiftheclaimcanbesupportedorrejected.Mydata
fitstheprerequisitesbecauseIwasabletofindreliableinformationthathadcorrelatedwithmy
information.Possibleerrorsthatcouldhavebeenmadewouldbe:usingthewrongcalculator
function,plugginginwronginformation,orhypothesiserrorIandII.Thisiswhenthenull
hypothesisistruebutrejectedorwhenthenullhypothesisisfalseyet,supported.Toimprove
thesamplingmethod,morebagsofskittlescouldbeaccountedfor.ConclusionsIhavedrawn
frommyresearchare:the99%confidenceintervalestimateforthetrueproportionofyellow
candiesarebetween(0.16705,0.20842),the95%intervalforthetruemeannumberofcandies
perbagis(57.945,60.255),98%confidenceintervalforthestandarddeviationforthenumber
ofcandiesperbagis(22.164,63.691),andthemeannumberofcandiesperbagisgreaterthan
55.