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The exact cause this condition is not known, but it is considered to be caused by
the disorders affecting the liver. It can also be caused due to an increased
amount of ammonia and other harmful substances in the blood. People with liver
disorders like cirrhosis or hepatitis are most likely to develop this disorder. In
such people, it might be triggered by the conditions like diarrhoea, constipation,
gastrointestinal bleeding, vomiting, bacterial or viral infection and high protein
intake.
It may also be triggered due to excessive alcohol consumption. Other conditions
that may cause this condition include alkalosis, low oxygen levels, potassium
deficiency caused due to medicines like diuretics, sedatives and narcotics.
With the progression of disease, some other symptoms might be observed. These
include:
Sleepiness
Forgetfulness
Confusion
Decreased awareness
Decreased responsiveness
Disorientation
Flapping tremors
Muscle stiffness
Seizures
Fetor hepaticus (a musty sweet odour)
Coma