3) SM

Problem 11.
1
Estimate the bending moment distribution for the cases listed below. Use qualitative reasoning
based on relative stiffness. Assume I constant.
(a)
(b)
Problem 11.2
Estimate the bending moment distribution. Use qualitative reasoning based on relative stiffness.
Assume I constant.
Problem 11.3
Solve problem 11.1 cases (a) and (b) using moment distribution. Compare the approximate and
exact results.
Problem 11.4
Consider the multi-story steel frame shown below. Determine the maximum positive and
negative moments in the beams using the following approaches:
(i) Assume inflection points at .1L from each end of the beams.
(ii) Use a computer software system. Assume Ig 2Ic
max
Moment diagram
49 kN-m
M +max 27.6 kN-m
Problem 11.5
Estimate the axial force, shear force, and bending moment distributions. Assume Ig 2Ic
(a)
(b)
Assume shear is divided equally between columns.
Problem 11.6
Members AC and FD are continuous. Estimate the bending moment distribution in AC and FD,
and the axial forces in the pin ended members. Compare your results with results generated with
a computer software system.
Axial forces & reaction
10
Moment distribution
Problem 11.7
Repeat problem 11.6 assuming fixed supports at A and F.
11
Axial forces & reaction
Moment distribution
12
Problem 11.8
Consider the steel frame shown below. Assume Ig 3 Ic for all the members. Determine the
moment at each end of each member using
(a) The portal method.
13
(b) The shear stiffness method.
14
Problem 11.9
For the steel frames shown, estimate the axial force, shear force, and moments for all of the
members using the Portal method. Compare your results with results generated with a computer
software system. Take Ic 480 in 4 for all the columns and Ib 600 in 4 for all the beams.
15
FX -9.398E-01
C4
FX 9.398E-01
C2
FX -2.251E+00
G2
X
FX -7.289E+00
G1
X
FX -6.667E+00
G3
X
FX -3.040E+00
G4
X
C1
C3
C5
C6
FX 2.300E+00
X
FX -1.782E+00
FX 1.367E+00
FX -1.886E+00
Axial forces( kip)
G1
X
C1
C3
FY -2.459E+00
FY -2.873E+00
Shear forces (kip)
Moment diagram (kip-ft)
16
FY 1.886E+00
FY 5.185E-01
G3
X
G4
X
C6
FY 1.360E+00
FY -2.251E+00
C5
C4
FY -1.749E+00
C2
FY 9.398E-01
G2
X
FY -3.627E+00
FY -3.040E+00
(a)
FX 1.694E+00
FX -2.166E-01
G5
X
FX -3.822E+00
FX -2.582E-01
G7
X
FX -2.048E+00
FX -7.199E-01
C10
C8
C6
FX 8.441E-01
FX -1.010E+00
FX -4.256E-01
G8
X
X
C9
C3
C1
X
FX -7.690E+00
G1
X
FX 2.640E-01
FX -2.955E-01
X
FX -5.691E+00
G3
X
C5
C4
C2
FX 5.063E-01
FX -1.796E+00
G6
X
FX -3.073E+00
G4
X
G2
X
C7
FX -4.362E+00
X
FX -8.080E-01
Axial force (kip)
FX -1.010E+00
FY -3.288E+00
X
FX 8.441E-01
FY -3.146E+00
X
FX -7.199E-01
FY -3.145E+00
Shear forces (kip)

17
FX -2.582E-01
FY -4.256E-01
FX -2.166E-01
FY -1.370E+00
G7
X
C10
FX 2.640E-01
X
FY -1.277E+00
FX -2.048E+00
FY 5.498E-01
C9
C3
FX 1.694E+00
FY -2.948E+00 X FX -7.690E+00
FY 1.188E+00
G3
X
FX -5.691E+00
FY 4.730E-01 X
C8
C4
FX -2.955E-01 X
FYG1-1.289E+00
X
C5
C2
FX 5.063E-01
FY -6.378E-01
C1
G2
X
FX -4.256E-01
FY 2.582E-01
G8
X
FX -1.796E+00
FY 4.748E-01
G6
X
C6
FX -3.073E+00
FY 2.108E-01
G4
X
C7
FX -4.362E+00
FY 5.063E-01
FX -8.080E-01
FY -2.473E+00
Bending moment diagram(kip-ft)

(c)
18
FX -3.002E+00
FX -4.884E+00
G2
X
FX -4.042E+00
G4
X
FX -3.178E+00
G6
X
G1
X
C8
X
FX -2.149E+00
G5
X
C5
C3
X
FX -1.818E+00
C7
FX -4.832E+00
FX -7.620E+00
X
G3
X
C1
FX 4.911E+00
FX 4.871E-02
C6
FX -3.577E-02
C4
FX -2.016E+00
C2
FX 2.003E+00
FX -9.926E-01
C10
FX 9.926E-01
C9
G7
X
FX -4.900E+00 X
FX 1.808E+00
Axial forces (kip)
C3
C1
G1
X
FX -7.620E+00
FY 2.908E+00
FX 4.911E+00
FY -5.496E+00
FX 4.871E-02
FX -3.577E-02
FY -3.866E+00
FY -3.841E+00
FX -4.832E+00
X
FY 1.125E+00
G3
X
C6
FX -4.884E+00
FY 2.003E+00
G6
X
FX -1.818E+00
FY -6.629E+00
FX 1.808E+00
FY -6.548E+00
Shear forces (kip)
19
C5
C2
FX 2.003E+00
FY -3.116E+00
FX -3.178E+00
FY 2.016E+00
G4
X
C4
G2
X
FX -4.042E+00
FY 9.750E-01
FX -2.016E+00
FY -3.178E+00
C8
C9
FX 9.926E-01
FY -2.998E+00
FX -2.149E+00
FY 2.884E+00
G5
X
C7
G7
X
FX -3.002E+00
FY 9.926E-01
FX -4.900E+00
FY -5.327E+00 X
Moment diagram (kip-ft)

Problem 11.10
For the steel frames shown, estimate the axial force, shear force, and moments for all of the
members. Take Ic 480 in 4 for all the columns and Ib 600 in 4 for all the beams. Use the
Stiffness method.
(a)
20
(b)
21
Problem 11.11
Estimate the column axial forces in the bottom story for the distribution of column areas shown.
22
23
Problem 11.12
Estimate the column shears for cases (a) and (b). Compare your results with computer based
solutions.
(a)
24
(b)
25
26
27
Problem 11.13
Consider the rigid steel frame with bracing shown below. Estimate the column shears and brace
forces. Take Ic 40(10)6 mm4 Ig 120(10)6 mm4 Ab 650 mm2 E 200 GPa . Compare your
results with a computer based solution.
28
29
Reactions and brace forces
Column shear
30
Problem 12.1
For the rigid frame shown below, use the direct stiffness method to find the joint displacements,
and reactions for the following conditions.
I 240(10)6 mm 4
A 3800 mm 2
E 200 Gpa
12(10)6 / o F
Member m
(1)
(2)
Member m
(1)
(2)
1
2
2
3
900
0
900
0
cos
sin
0
1
1
0
sin cos
0
0
cos 2
sin 2
0
1
1
0
AE
12EI
cos 2
sin 2 )
(
3
L
L
AE
12EI
=
) sin cos
(
AA
L3
L
6EI
2 sin
(
(
AE 12EI
3 ) sin cos
L
L
AE 2
12EI
sin 3 cos 2 )
L
L
6EI
cos
L2
6EI
sin
2
L
6EI
cos
L2
4EI
AE
12EI
AE 12EI
6EI
cos 2
sin 2 )
(
3 ) sin cos
2 sin
(
3
L
L
L
L
L
AE
12EI
AE 2
12EI
6EI
2
k m AB = (
)
sin
cos
(
sin
cos
)
cos
L
L3
L
L3
L2
6EI
6EI
2EI
sin
2 cos
2
L
L
L
AE
12EI
AE 12EI
6EI
cos 2
sin 2 ) (
3 ) sin cos
sin
(
3
2
L
L
L
L
L
AE
12EI
AE 2
12EI
6EI
k m BA = (
) sin cos (
sin 3 cos 2 ) 2 cos
3
L
L
L
L
L
6EI
6EI
2EI
2 sin
cos
L
L2
L
AE
12EI
cos 2
sin 2 )
(
3
L
L
AE
12EI
k m BB = (
) sin cos
L3
L
6EI
sin
L2
k
(1) AA
K = k (1) BA
k (1)
AB
k (1) BB
0
0 0

0 0

0 0
(
(
AE 12EI
3 ) sin cos
L
L
AE 2
12EI
sin 3 cos 2 )
L
L
0
k (2)
k
k (1) AB
(1) AA
k (2) AB = k (1) BA (k (1) BB + k (2)

k (2) BB 0
k (2) BA

0
AA
k (2) BA
6EI
cos
L2
6EI
sin
2
L
6EI
2 cos
L
4EI
) k (2) AB
AA
k (2) BB
P'E
___
P''
E
K '11 | K '12 U'
___ | ___ __
K'
| K '22 U''
21
P'I
+ __
P''
'
K11
(k (1) BB + k (2) AA )
K '21
'
K '22
U' '
u1

1
1

u 3
3

3
(a) The loading shown
'
K12
k (1) BA
k (1) AB
k (2) BA
u 2

2

2
k
(1)
AA
'
'
1
'
'
''
'
U (K 11 ) (P E - K 12 U - P I )
''
'
'
'
''
''
P E K 21 U K 22 U P I
k (2)
AB
k (2) BB
P ' 'E
R x 1
R y 1
M 1
R x 3
R y 3
M
3
'
PE
20 kN
40 kN
0
P I 45 kN
22.5 kN-m
'
P ' 'I
45 kN
22.5 kN-m
U' ' 0
Using Mathcad:
u 2
0.07056

'
'
1
'
'
2 U (K 11 ) (P E - P I ) -0.148

0.0000193
R x 1
-2.12
37.46
R y 1
2.87
M 1
''
'
'
''
P E K 21 U P I
R x 3
-17.87
2.53
R y 3
-4.11
M
3
(b) Member 2 experiences to a uniform temperature change throughout its span. The
temperature varies linearly through the depth, from 100 C at the top to 500 C at the
bottom.
Tu Tl (10 50)
30
T Tu Tl 10 (50) 40
2
2
T (200)(240)(10)6
40
M 2F EI
(12)(10)6 (
) 57.6 kN-m
6
h
(10)
0.4
T
M 3F EI
57.6 kN-m
h
(200)(240)(10)6
FF2 EI Tm
(12)(10) 6 (30) 17.28 kN
6
(10)
Tm
FF3 EI Tm 17.28 kN
PE 0
'
17.28 kN
P I 0
57.6 kN-m
'
P ' 'I
Using Mathcad:
u 2
-0.0556

'
'
1
'
2 U (K 11 ) ( - P I ) -0.0556

0.00048
17.28 kN
0
57.6 kN-m
U' ' 0
R x 1
-14.1
14.1
R y 1
13.5
M 1
''
'
'
''
P E K 21 U P I
R x 3
14.1
-14.1
R y 3
71.1
M
3
(c) Support 1 settles 12 mm.
P 'E 0
P 'I 0
P ' 'I 0
Using Mathcad:
u 2
-0.342

'
'
1
'
''
2 U (K 11 ) ( - K 12 U ) -11.41

0.00294
U' '
12 mm
0
R x 1
-86.72
-149.40
R y 1
83.07
M 1
''
'
'
'
''
P E K 21 U K 22 U
R x 3
86.72
149.40
R y 3
-271.11
M
3
Problem 12.2
For the rigid frame shown below, use the direct stiffness method to find the joint displacements,
and reactions.
I 400 in 4
A 10 in 2
E 29, 000 k/in 2
Member m
(1)
(2)
1
2
2
3
- 116.560
0
AE
12EI
cos 2
sin 2 )
(
3
L
L
AE
12EI
=
) sin cos
(
AA
L3
L
6EI
2 sin
(
(
AE 12EI
3 ) sin cos
L
L
AE 2
12EI
sin 3 cos 2 )
L
L
6EI
cos
L2
6EI
sin
2
L
6EI
cos
L2
4EI
AE
12EI
AE 12EI
6EI
cos 2
sin 2 )
(
3 ) sin cos
2 sin
(
3
L
L
L
L
L
AE
12EI
AE 2
12EI
6EI
2
k m AB = (
)
sin
cos
(
sin
cos
)
cos
L
L3
L
L3
L2
6EI
6EI
2EI
sin
2 cos
2
L
L
L
AE
12EI
AE 12EI
6EI
cos 2
sin 2 ) (
3 ) sin cos
sin
(
3
2
L
L
L
L
L
AE
12EI
AE 2
12EI
6EI
k m BA = (
) sin cos (
sin 3 cos 2 ) 2 cos
3
L
L
L
L
L
6EI
6EI
2EI
2 sin
cos
L
L2
L
AE
12EI
cos 2
sin 2 )
(
3
L
L
AE
12EI
k m BB = (
) sin cos
L3
L
6EI
sin
L2
k
(1) AB
K = k (1) BB
k (1)
AA
k (1) BA
0
0 0

0 0

0 0
(
(
AE 12EI
3 ) sin cos
L
L
AE 2
12EI
sin 3 cos 2 )
L
L
0
k (2)
k
k (1) AA
(1) AB
k (2) AB = k (1) BB (k (1) BA + k (2)

k (2) BB 0
k (2) BA

0
AA
k (2) BA
6EI
cos
L2
6EI
sin
2
L
6EI
2 cos
L
4EI
)
k
AA
(2) AB
k (2) BB
'
K11
(k (1) BA + k (2) AA )
k (1) AA
k (2) BA
K '21
P'E
___
P''
E
'
P 'E
'
K12
k (1) BB
K '22
K '11 | K '12 U'
___ | ___ __
K'
| K '22 U''
21
u 2

2

2
6 kip
8 kip
U' '
k
(1)
P'I
+ __
P''
u1

1
1

u 3
3

3
P 'I 0
P ' 'E
P ' 'I 0
Using Mathcad:
u 2
0.00386

'
'
1
'
2 U (K 11 ) (P E ) -0.0062

0.000008
R x 1
3.33
7.54
R y 1
2.12
M 1
''
'
'
P E K 21 U
R x 3
-9.33
0.46
R y 3
-2.36
M
3
AB
k (2)
AB
k (2) BB
'
'
1
'
'
''
'
U (K 11 ) (P E - K 12 U - P I )
''
'
'
'
''
''
P E K 21 U K 22 U P I
R x 1
R y 1
M 1
R x 3
R y 3
M
3
U' ' 0
Problem 12.3
For the rigid frames shown below, use the direct stiffness method to find the joint displacements,
and reactions.
Member m
(1)
(2)
1
2
2
3
0
- 53.130
AE
12EI
cos 2
sin 2 )
(
3
L
L
AE
12EI
=
) sin cos
(
AA
L3
L
6EI
2 sin
(
(
AE 12EI
3 ) sin cos
L
L
AE 2
12EI
sin 3 cos 2 )
L
L
6EI
cos
L2
6EI
sin
2
L
6EI
cos
L2
4EI
AE
12EI
AE 12EI
6EI
cos 2
sin 2 )
(
3 ) sin cos
2 sin
(
3
L
L
L
L
L
AE
12EI
AE 2
12EI
6EI
2
k m AB = (
)
sin
cos
(
sin
cos
)
cos
L
L3
L
L3
L2
6EI
6EI
2EI
sin
2 cos
2
L
L
L
10
AE
12EI
AE 12EI
6EI
cos 2
sin 2 ) (
3 ) sin cos
sin
(
3
2
L
L
L
L
L
AE
12EI
AE 2
12EI
6EI
k m BA = (
) sin cos (
sin 3 cos 2 ) 2 cos
3
L
L
L
L
L
6EI
6EI
2EI
2 sin
cos
L
L2
L
AE
12EI
cos 2
sin 2 )
(
3
L
L
AE
12EI
k m BB = (
) sin cos
L3
L
6EI
sin
L2
k
(1) AA
K = k (1) BA
P'E
___
P''
E
(a)
11
k (1)
AB
k (1) BB
0
0 0

0 0

0 0
K '11 | K '12 U'
___ | ___ __
K'
| K '22 U''
21
(
(
AE 12EI
3 ) sin cos
L
L
AE 2
12EI
sin 3 cos 2 )
L
L
0
k (2)
k
k (1) AB
(1) AA
k (2) AB = k (1) BA (k (1) BB + k (2)

k (2) BB 0
k (2) BA

0
AA
k (2) BA
P'I
+ __
P''
6EI
cos
L2
6EI
sin
2
L
6EI
2 cos
L
4EI
) k (2) AB
AA
k (2) BB
'
'
1
'
'
''
'
U (K 11 ) (P E - K 12 U - P I )
''
'
'
'
''
''
P E K 21 U K 22 U P I
U'
u 2

2

2
3
U' ' 0
P ' 'E
R x 1
R y 1
M 1
R x 3
R
y 3
Using Mathcad:
Expand the matrix K
k
k (1) AB
(1) AA
K = k (1) BA (k (1) BB + k (2)
0
k (2) BA
) k (2) AB
AA
k (2) BB
u 2
0.076
2 '
0.056
'
1
'
U
(
K
)
(
P
)
11
E
2
0.0000015
3
-0.000029
12
P 'E
20 kN
P 'I 0
P ' 'I 0
R x 1
-19.78
-0.16
R y 1
''
'
'
M
P
K
U
-0.41
1 E
21
-0.22
R x 3
R
0.16
y 3
(b)
U'
u 2

2

2
U' ' 0
'
K11
(k (1) BB + k (2) AA )
k (1)
k (2) BA
K '21
13
AB
P ' 'E
R x 1
R y 1
M 1
R x 3
R y 3
M
3
P 'I 75 kN
-62.5 kN
P 'E 0
'
K12
k (1) BA
K '22
(1) AA
k (2)
AB
k (2) BB
P ' 'I
75kN
62.5 kN
Using Mathcad:
u 2
-0.22

'
'
1
'
2 U (K 11 ) ( - P I ) -0.58

0.0012
2
R x 1
57.56
86.09
R y 1
82.46
M 1
''
'
'
''
P E K 21 U P I 57.56
R x 3
-57.56
63.91
R y 3
11.49
M
3
Problem 12.4
'
For the rigid frame shown, use partitioning to determine K11
, K '21 PE' , and PI' for the loadings
shown. I 40(10)6 mm4 , A=3000 mm2 , and E=200 GPa.
Member m
(1)
(2)
(3)
14
1
2
3
4
4
4
0
1800
900
AE
12EI
cos 2
sin 2 )
(
3
L
L
AE
12EI
=
) sin cos
(
AA
L3
L
6EI
2 sin
(
(
AE 12EI
3 ) sin cos
L
L
AE 2
12EI
sin 3 cos 2 )
L
L
6EI
cos
L2
6EI
sin
2
L
6EI
cos
L2
4EI
AE
12EI
AE 12EI
6EI
cos 2
sin 2 )
(
3 ) sin cos
2 sin
(
3
L
L
L
L
L
AE
12EI
AE 2
12EI
6EI
2
k m AB = (
)
sin
cos
(
sin
cos
)
cos
L
L3
L
L3
L2
6EI
6EI
2EI
sin
2 cos
2
L
L
L
AE
12EI
AE 12EI
6EI
cos 2
sin 2 ) (
3 ) sin cos
sin
(
3
2
L
L
L
L
L
AE
12EI
AE 2
12EI
6EI
2
k m BA = (
)
sin
cos
(
sin
cos
cos
L
L3
L
L3
L2
6EI
6EI
2EI
2 sin
cos
L
L2
L
AE
12EI
cos 2
sin 2 )
(
3
L
L
AE
12EI
k m BB = (
) sin cos
L3
L
6EI
sin
L2
15
(
(
AE 12EI
3 ) sin cos
L
L
AE 2
12EI
sin 3 cos 2 )
L
L
6EI
cos
L2
6EI
sin
2
L
6EI
2 cos
L
4EI
k
0
0 0 k (1) AB 0 0
0 0
(1) AA

0
0 k (2) AA 0 k (2) AB 0
0 0 0
K=
0
0 0 0
0
0
0
0
0
k (2) BB 0
k (1) BA 0 0 k (1) BB 0 k (2) BA 0

k
0
0
k (1) AB
(1) AA
k (2) AA 0
k (2) AB
0
k ( 3) AA
k ( 3) AB
k
k
(
k
k
)
( 2 ) BA
( 3 ) BA
(1) BB
(2) BB
( 3) BB
(1) BA
k ( 3)
k ( 3) BA
k ( 3) AB
k ( 3) BB
AA
'
K11
(k (1) BB k (2) BB k ( 3) BB )
'
K12
k (1) BA k ( 2 ) BA
(1) AB
K '21 k (2) AB
( 3) AB
k
0
(1) AA
K '22 0
k (2)
0
0
'
PE
16 kN-m
k ( 3) BA
0
AA
0
k ( 3)
AA
P I 84 kN
84kN-m
'
Problem 12.5
For the truss shown, use the direct stiffness method to find the joint displacements, reactions, and
member forces.
A 1200 mm 2
E 200 GPa
16
Member m
(1)
(2)
(3)
k
(1) AA
K = k (1) BA
1
1
3
2
3
2
k (1)
(k
k (2)
(1) AA
= k (1) BA
k
(2) BA
0
AA
L (m)
51.340
0
128.660
AB
k (1) BB
6.4
8
6.4
0 k (2) AA

0 0

0 k (2) BA
k (1)
AB
(k (1) BB k ( 3)
k ( 3) BA
AE
(kN/mm)
L
37.5
30
37.5
0

0
0

k (2) BB 0

k (2)
0
0
AB
0
k ( 3)
AB
k (m)AA k (m)BB k ( m ) (
cos 2 ( m )
AE
)( m )
L
sin (m) cos (m)
sin ( m ) cos (m)
sin 2 ( m )
k (m)AB k (m)BA k ( m ) (
cos 2 ( m )
AE
)( m )
L
sin (m) cos (m)
sin ( m ) cos (m)
sin 2 ( m )
17
AA
k ( 3) BA
)
k
AA
( 3) AB
(k (2) BB k ( 3) BB )
k (2)
k ( 3) AB
k ( 3) BB
F (m) B (
P'E
___
P''
E
AE
)( m) cos (m) sin (m) (Un+ Un- ) FF(m) B
L
K '11 | K '12 U'
___ | ___ __
K'
| K '22 U''
21
U' 2
2
P'I
+ __
P''
U' ' 0
30 kN
P'E
50 kN
'
'
1
'
'
''
'
U (K 11 ) (P E - K 12 U - P I )
''
'
'
'
''
''
P E K 21 U K 22 U P I
P' I 0
P''I 0
Using Mathcad:
u 2
0.04
'
'
1
'
U (K 11 ) P E
2
-0.043
R x
R y
R x
R y
6.25
1
''
'
'
K
U
E
21
-35
3
43.75
3
AE
)(1) cos (1) sin (1) ( U n + U n- ) 8
L
AE
(
)(2) cos (2) sin (2) ( U n + U n- ) 0
L
AE
(
)(3) cos (3) sin (3) ( U n + U n- ) 56
L
F (1) B (
F (2) B
F (3) B
Problem 12.6
member forces for
18
A 2 in 2
Member m
(1)
(2)
(3)
k
(1) AA
k
K = (1) BA
0
0
k
(1) AA
k
(1) BA
19
E 29, 000 ksi
L (ft)
n
1
4
3
2
2
2
k (1)
AB
k (1) BB
0
0
53.130
0
126.870
0 0

0 0 0
0 0 0

0 0 0
0
k (1)
k ( 3)
k (2)
AB
k (2) BB
AB
(k (1) BB k (2)
AE
(kip/in.)
L
20
241.67
16
302.1
22.63 213.58
AB
AB
(k (2) BB k ( 3) BB )
k (2) AA
k (2) BA
0
k ( 3)
0

k (2) AA 0
0
0

k (2) BA 0

AA
k ( 3) BA
k ( 3)
AB
k ( 3) BB
k ( 3)
AA
k ( 3) BA
0
0
0
cos 2 ( m )
AE
)( m )
L
sin (m) cos (m)
sin ( m ) cos (m)
sin 2 ( m )
cos 2 ( m )
AE
)( m )
L
sin (m) cos (m)
sin ( m ) cos (m)
sin 2 ( m )
F (m) B (
P'E
___
P''
E
AE
L
K '11 | K '12 U'
___ | ___ __
K'
| K '22 U''
21
P'I
+ __
P''
'
'
1
'
'
''
'
U (K 11 ) (P E - K 12 U - P I )
''
'
'
'
''
''
P E K 21 U K 22 U P I
(a) The loading shown
U' 2
2
U' ' 0
6 kip
P'E
10 kip
u 2
-0.03
'
'
1
'
U (K 11 ) P E
2
-0.017
R x
R y
R x
R y
R x
R
y
4.62
1
6.16
1.37
P''E K '21 U'
-1.37
5.2
AE
)(1) cos (1) sin (1) (U n + U n- ) -7.7
L
AE
(
)(2) cos (2) sin (2) (U n + U n- ) -5.2
L
AE
(
)(3) cos (3) sin (3) ( U n + U n- ) 1.94
L
F (1) B (
F (2) B
F (3) B
20
P' I 0
P''I 0
(b) A support settlement of 0.5 inch at joint 4
U' 2
2
U' '
.5 in
P 'E 0
P'I 0
P''I 0
u 2
0.0127
'
'
1
'
''
U (K 11 ) ( - K 12 U )
2
-0.268
R x
R y
R x
R y
R x
R
y
30
1
40

3
-30
P''E K '21 U' K '22 U''
30
0
4

-70
AE
)(1) cos (1) sin (1) (U n + U n- ) -50
L
AE
(
)(2) cos (2) sin (2) (U n + U n- ) 70
L
AE
(
)(3) cos (3) sin (3) ( U n + U n- ) -42.4
L
F (1) B (
F (2) B
F (3) B
Problem 12.7
member forces due to (a) the loading shown, (b) a temperature decrease of 100C for all members,
(c) a support settlement of = 12 mm downward at node 4.
A 1200 mm 2
E 200 GPa
12x10-6 /C0
h 3 m
21
Member m
(1)
(2)
(3)
2
3
4
1
1
1
L (m)
450
0
1350
4.24
3
4.24
k
k (1) AB 0 0 k (2) AA
(1) AA

k
0
k
0
0
(1) BB
K = (1) BA
0
0
0 0 k (2) BA

0
0 0 0
0
(k
k (2) AA k ( 3) AA )
k (1) AB
(1) AA
k
k (1) BB
(1) BA
k
0
(2) BA
k
0
( 3) BA
22
AE
(kN/mm)
L
56.6
80
56.6
k (2)
AB
k (2) BB
0
k (2)
0 k ( 3) AA

0
0 0

0 k ( 3) BA
k ( 3)
AB
k (2) BB
k ( 3) BB
AB
k ( 3) BB
k ( 3)
AB
P'E
___
P''
E
K '11 | K '12 U'
___ | ___ __
K'
| K '22 U''
21
P'I
+ __
P''
'
'
1
'
'
''
'
U (K 11 ) (P E - K 12 U - P I )
''
'
'
'
''
''
P E K 21 U K 22 U P I
K '11 (k (1) AA k (2) AA k ( 3) AA )

K '12 k (1) AB
K '21
K '22
(1) BA
k (2) BA
k ( 3) BA
k
(1) BB
0
k (2)
k (2) BB
0
k (m)AB k (m)BA k ( m )
AB
k ( 3) BB
cos 2 ( m )
AE
)( m )
L
sin (m) cos (m)
sin ( m ) cos (m)
sin 2 ( m )
cos 2 ( m )
AE
(
)( m )
L
sin (m) cos (m)
sin ( m ) cos (m)
sin 2 ( m )
F (m) B (
k ( 3)
AB
AE
L
(a)
U' 1
1
Using Mathcad:
23
U' ' 0
27 kN
P'E
45 kN
P' I 0
P''I 0
0.477
u1
'
'
1
'
U (K 11 ) ( P E )
0.33
1
R x
R y
R x
R y
R x
R
y
-22.82
2
-22.82
3
0
''
'
'
P E K 21 U
-26.36
-4.18
4
4.18
AE
)(1) cos (1) sin (1) (U n + U n- ) 32.27
L
AE
(
)(2) cos (2) sin (2) (U n + U n- ) 26.36
L
AE
(
)(3) cos (3) sin (3) ( U n + U n- ) -5.91
L
F (1) B (
F (2) B
F (3) B
(b)
FlF EA T (200)(1200)(12)(10)6 (10) 28.8 kN
24
U' 1
1
U' ' 0
P 'E 0
Using Mathcad:
u1
0
'
'
1
'
'
U (K 11 ) (P E - P I )
1
-0.51
R x
R y
R x
R y
R x
R
y
25
-5.96
2
-5.96
P''E K '21 U' P''I
11.93
5.96
4
-5.96
P'I
49.18 kN
P''I
20.36 kN
20.36 kN
28.8 kN
20.36 kN
20.36 kN
AE
)(1) cos (1) sin (1) (U n + U n- ) 8.43
L
AE
(
)(2) cos (2) sin (2) (U n + U n- ) -11.93
L
AE
(
)(3) cos (3) sin (3) (U n + U n- ) 8.43
L
F (1) B (
F (2) B
F (3) B
(c)
U' 1
1
U' '
12 mm
P 'E 0
Using Mathcad:
6.0
u1
'
'
1
'
''
U (K 11 ) ( - K 12 U )
-2.485
1
R x
R y
R x
R y
R x
R
y
-99.4
2
-99.4
P''E K '21 U' K '22 U''
198.8
99.41
4
-99.41
AE
)(1) cos (1) sin (1) (U n + U n- ) 140.59
L
AE
(
)(2) cos (2) sin (2) (U n + U n- ) -198.82
L
AE
(
)(3) cos (3) sin (3) (U n + U n- ) 140.59
L
F (1) B (
F (2) B
F (3) B
26
P'I 0
P''I 0
Problem 12.8
'
For the truss shown, determine K11
and K '21 .
A 2000 mm 2
E 200 GPa
Member m
(1)
(2)
(3)
1
4
3
2
2
2
L (m)
0
900
1350
6
5
7.07
AE
(kN/mm)
L
66.67
80
56.58
cos 2 ( m )
AE
)( m )
L
sin (m) cos (m)
sin ( m ) cos (m)
sin 2 ( m )
cos 2 ( m )
AE
)( m )
L
sin (m) cos (m)
sin ( m ) cos (m)
sin 2 ( m )
27
k
(1) AA
k
K = (1) BA
0
0
k
(1) AA
k
(1) BA
k
(1) AA
k
(1) BA
k (1)
AB
k (1) BB
0
0
k (1)
0 0

0 0 0
0 0 0

0 0 0
0
k (2)
AA
k (2) BA
AB
(k (1) BB k (2)
AA
k ( 3)
AA
k ( 3) BA
0
AA
k ( 3)
AA
k ( 3) BA
k (2) BA
K '11 (k (1) BB k (2) AA k ( 3) AA )
K '21
(1) AB
k ( 3) BA
k (2) BA
Problem 12.9
'
For the truss shown, determine K11
and K '22 .
A 3 in 2
E 29, 000 ksi
28
AB
AB
(k (1) BB k (2)
k ( 3)
k ( 3)
k ( 3)
AB
0
AA
k ( 3)
AB
k ( 3) BA
k ( 3) BB
k (2) AB
k (2) BB
k (2) AB
k (2) BB
k ( 3) BB
0
k ( 3) BB
k (2) BA
k (1)
0

k (2) AB 0
0
0
k (2) BB 0

Member m
(1)
(2)
(3)
1
2
1
2
3
3
37.570
- 116.560
0
L (ft)
AE
(kip/in.)
L
32.8 221
22.36 324.2
16
453
k
k
k (1) AB 0 0 0
0
0
(1) AA
( 3) AA

K = k (1) BA k (1) BB 0 0 k (2) AA k (2) AB 0
0

0
0
0 0 k (2) BA k (2) BB k ( 3) BA 0
(k
k ( 3) AA ) k (1) AB k ( 3) AB
(1) AA
k (1) BA (k (1) BB k (2) AA ) k (2) AB
k
k (2) BA
(k (2) BB k ( 3) BB )
( 3) BA
Expand the K matrix.
29
k ( 3) BB
k ( 3)
AB
k '11
K '11 k ' 21
'
k 31
k '13
(k ' 22 k) k ' 23
k ' 32
k ' 33
k '12
Problem 12.10
For the beam shown, use the direct stiffness method to find the joint displacements, reactions,
and member forces for the loading shown.
I 300 in 4
E 29, 000 ksi
30
AA
BA
12EI 6EI
L3
L2
6EI 4EI
L2
L
12EI 6EI
- L3 - L2
2EI
6EI
L2
L
AB
12EI 6EI
- 3
L
L2
6EI 2EI
- 2
L
L
BB
12EI 6EI
L3 - L2
6EI 4EI
- L2
L
k (1) AA
K k (1) BA
P'E
___
P''
E
U' 2
k (1)
AB
k (1) BB
0
= k
= k
0 0

0 0

0 0
K '11 | K '12 U'
___ | ___ __
K'
| K '22 U''
21
U' '
31
+k
AA
PFA
BB
+k
BA
PFB
0
k (2)
k (1) AA
k (1) AB

k (2) AB k (1) BA (k (1) BB + k (2)

k (2) BB 0
k (2) BA
AA
P'I
+ __
P''
P ' 'E
AA
'
'
1
'
'
''
'
U (K 11 ) (P E - K 12 U - P I )
''
'
'
'
''
''
P E K 21 U K 22 U P I
R y 1
M 1
R y 2
R y 3
M 3
k (2) AB
k (2) BB
0
k (2) BA
P 'E 0
'
'
1
'
U (K 11 ) ( - P I )
''
'
'
''
P E K 21 U P I
Problem 12.11
AB
P 'I -185 kip-ft
34.6 kip
260 kip-ft
PI' ' 39.6 kip

5 kip
75
kip-ft
For the beam shown, use the direct stiffness method to find the joint displacements, reactions,
and member forces for
a) The loading shown
b) A support settlement of 12 mm at joint 2
I 120(10)6 mm4
E 200 GPa
32
AA
BA
12EI 6EI
L3
L2
6EI 4EI
L2
L
12EI 6EI
- L3 - L2
2EI
6EI
L2
L
AB
12EI 6EI
- 3
L
L2
6EI 2EI
- 2
L
L
BB
12EI 6EI
L3 - L2
6EI 4EI
- L2
L
= k
= k
AB
+k
AA
PFA
BB
+k
BA
PFB
k (1) AA
k
K (1) BA
0
k (1)
AB
k (1) BB
k (1) AA
k (1) AB
k (1) BA (k (1) BB k (2)
0
k (2) BA
0
0
1

1

U = 2
2
3

3
0 0

0 0
0 0

0 0
0
k (2)
0
AA
k (2)
AB
k (2) BA
k (2) BB
0
AA
k (2)
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
k ( 3)
k ( 3) BA
k ( 3) AB
k ( 3) BB
AA
k ( 3) AB
k ( 3) BB
0
AB
(k (2) BB k ( 3)
AA
k ( 3) BA
U' = 2 P'E 0
Problem 12.12
'
Given the system matrix listed below. Determine K11
, K '21 , U '' , PI' , PI'' , PE' and PE'' for the
loading and displacement constraint shown. L= 30 ft, I 300 in 4 , and E=29,000 ksi.
33
12EI
3
L
6EI
L2
- 12EI
L3
K
6EI
L2
6EI
L2
4EI
L
6EI
- 2
L
2EI
L
P 'E
___
P''
E
34
0
0
12EI
L3
6EI
- 2
L
24EI
L3
0
-
12EI
L3
6EI
L2
0
0
12EI
6EI
0 L3
L2
8EI
6EI
2EI
- 2
L
L
L
6EI 12EI
6EI
- 2
- 2
L
L3
L
2EI
6EI
4EI
- 2
L
L
L
6EI
L2
2EI
L
K '11 | K '12 U'
___ | ___ __
K'
| K '22 U''
21
P'I
+ __
P''
1

1

U = 2
2
3

3
4EI
L
2EI
K '11
L
'
2EI
L
4EI
2EI
L
8EI
L
2EI
L
1

2

3
K '21
6EI
2
L
6EI
- 2
L
U 0
0.25 in
''
'
PI
51.84 kip-ft
-51.84 kip-ft
6EI
L2
0
6EI
L2
'
PE
''
I
6EI
2
L
6EI
- 2
L
0
10 kip-ft
0
5.184 kip
13.632 kip
5.184 kip
Problem 12.13
Investigate the effect of varying the spring stiffness on the behavior (moment and deflected
profile) of the structure shown below. Consider a range of values of k v .
18 kN/mmm
I 120(10) mm , E 200 GPa and k v 36 kN/mm

90 kN/mm
35
AA
12EI 6EI
L3
L2
6EI 4EI
L2
L
12EI 6EI
- L3 - L2
2EI
6EI
L2
L
BA
= k
= k
36
AB
12EI 6EI
- 3
L
L2
6EI 2EI
- 2
L
L
BB
12EI 6EI
L3 - L2
6EI 4EI
- L2
L
AB
+k
AA
PFA
BB
+k
BA
PFB
k (1) AA
K k (1) BA
k (1)
AB
k (1) BB
0
0 0

0 0

0 0

U' 2
2
0
k (2)
k (1) AA
k (1) AB

k (2) AB k (1) BA (k (1) BB + k (2)

k (2) BB 0
k (2) BA
AA
k (2) BA
AA
U'' 0
P'E = 14 kN-m
Problem 12.14
Determine the bending moment and deflection profiles for the following structures.
Take I 300 in 4 , ACable 3 in 2 , and E 29,000 k/in 2 .
2
A Cable E cos (2)
)2
LCable sin (2) cos (2)
sin (2) cos(2)
sin 2 (2)
2
A Cable E cos (2)
(
)2
sin (2) cos 2)
sin 2 (2)
k (2)AA k (2)BB k (2) (
k (2)AB k (2)BA k (2)
37
AA
BA
12EI 6EI
L3
L2
6EI 4EI
L2
L
12EI 6EI
- L3 - L2
2EI
6EI
L2
L
AB
12EI 6EI
- 3
L
L2
6EI 2EI
- 2
L
L
BB
12EI 6EI
L3 - L2
6EI 4EI
- L2
L
k (2) AB
k (2) BB
0
= k
= k
P'E
___
P''
E
Case (a)
38
AB
+k
AA
PFA
BB
+k
BA
PFB
K '11 | K '12 U'
___ | ___ __
K'
| K '22 U''
21
P'I
+ __
P''
'
'
1
'
'
''
'
U (K 11 ) (P E - K 12 U - P I )
''
'
'
'
''
''
P E K 21 U K 22 U P I
12EI
3
L
6EI
2
K L
12EI
- L3
6EI
2
L
U 0
''
''
E
R y 1
M 1
R 2
6EI
L2
4EI 6EI 2EI
- 2
L
L
L
6EI 12EI 6EI
- 2
- 2
L
L3
L
2EI 12EI 6EI
- 2
L
L3
L
6EI 12EI
- 3
L2
L
P I -90 kip-ft
'
Using Mathcad:
2 U'
(K'11 )1 ( - P'I ) .011
R y 1
13.5
''
'
'
''
M 1 P E K 21 U P I 105
16.5
M 3
Case (b)
39
9 kip
P 60 kip-ft
21 kip
''
I
K '11 -
6EI
L2
12EI
3
L
6EI
2
K L
12EI
- L3
6EI
2
L
'
6EI
L2
4EI 6EI 2EI
- 2
L
L
L
6EI 12EI 6EI
- 2
- 2
L
L3
L
2EI 12EI 6EI
- 2
L
L3
L
6EI 12EI
- 3
L2
L
''
E
R y 1
M 1
M 2
P I 21 kip
'
Using Mathcad:
2 U'
(K'11 )1 (- P'I ) -9.38
R y 1
30
''
'
'
''
M 1 P E K 21 U P I 375
225
M 2
Case (c)
40
9 kip
P 60 kip-ft
90 kip-ft
''
I
U'' 0
12EI
3
L
6EI
2
K L
12EI
- L3
6EI
2
L
2
U'
2
6EI
L2
4EI 6EI 2EI
- 2
L
L
L
6EI 12EI 6EI
- 2
- 2
L
L3
L
2EI 12EI 6EI
- 2
L
L3
L
6EI 12EI
- 3
L2
L
R y 1
P' 'E
M 1
21 kip
P'I
-90 kip-ft
Using Mathcad:
2
-0.27
'
'
1
'
U (K 11 ) (- P I )
0.01
2
13.65
R y 1
''
'
'
''
P E K 21 U P I
109.57
M 1
Case (d)
(d) Cantilever beam + Cable
41
9 kip
PI' '
60 kip-ft
U'' 0
k (1) AA
12EI 6EI
L3
L2
6EI 4EI
L2
L
12EI 6EI
- L3 - L2
2EI
6EI
L2
L
(1)
BA
k
(1)
k (1) AA
K k (1) BA
U'
k (1)
AB
k (1) BB
0
U' (K'11 )1 (- P'I )
42
BB
sin (2) cos(2)
sin 2 (2)
2
A Cable E cos (2)
(
)2
sin (2) cos 2)
sin 2 (2)
0 0

0 0

0 0
R y 1
2 ' '
P E M 1
2
y 3
Using Mathcad:
(1)
12EI 6EI
L3 - L2
6EI 4EI
- L2
L
2
A Cable E cos (2)
)2
k (2)AA k (2)BB k (2) (
k (2)AB k (2)BA k (2)
AB
12EI 6EI
- 3
L
L2
6EI 2EI
- 2
L
L
0
k (2)
k (1) AA
k (1) AB

k (2) AB k (1) BA (k (1) BB + k (2)

k (2) BB 0
k (2) BA
AA
k (2) BA
21 kip
P 'I
-90 kip-ft
9 kip
PI' '
60 kip-ft
k (2) AB
k (2) BB
0
AA
U'' 0
P''E K'21 U' P''I

Problem 12.15
Consider the guyed tower defined in the sketch. The cables have an initial tension of 220 kN.
Determine the horizontal displacements at B, C, the change in cable tension, and the bending
moment distribution in member ABC. Treat the cables as axial elements. Develop a computer
based scheme to solve this problem. Take Itower 200(10)6 mm4 ACable 650 mm2 ,
Atower 6000 mm2 , and the material to be steel.
strudl ' 2012 Problem 12.15 Guyed tower metric GTstrudl input file Connor & Faraji'
type plane frame
units kN meter
Joint Coordinates
1 0.0 0.0
2 15.0 60.0
3 30.0 0.0
4 15.0 0.0
5 15.0 30.0
type plane truss
member incidences
1 1 2
2 2 3
43
335
415
type plane frame
member incidences
545
652
status support joints 1 3 4
joint releases
4 moment z
unit mm
constants
E 200.0
cte 12E-06
Member properties
1 2 3 4 AX 650
5 6 AX 6000 IZ 200000000
units m
Loading 1
member tempreture loads
1 2 axial -182
3 4 axial -187
Loading 2
joint load
2 force x 45.
5 force x 90.
Loading 3
joint load
2 force x 45.
5 force x 90.
member tempreture loads
1 2 axial -182
3 4 axial -187
stiffness analysis
list reactions
list forces
unit mm
list displacements
_____________________________________
Analysis results:
{ 54} > list reactions
--- LOADING - 1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------
44
RESULTANT JOINT LOADS SUPPORTS

JOINT
1
3
4
/---------------------FORCE---------------------//--------------------MOMENT--------------------/
X FORCE
Y FORCE
Z FORCE
X MOMENT
Y MOMENT
Z MOMENT
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
-152.0266571 -410.8855896
152.0266571 -410.8855896
0.0000000 821.7711792
0.0000000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LOADING - 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

JOINT
1
3
4
/---------------------FORCE---------------------//--------------------MOMENT--------------------/
X FORCE
Y FORCE
Z FORCE
X MOMENT
Y MOMENT
Z MOMENT
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
-67.5721207
-67.5721207
0.1442504
-180.0000000
180.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- LOADING - 3

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------

JOINT
1
3
4
/---------------------FORCE---------------------//--------------------MOMENT--------------------/
X FORCE
Y FORCE
Z FORCE
X MOMENT
Y MOMENT
Z MOMENT
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
-219.5987854 -590.8856201
84.4545364 -230.8856049
0.1442504 821.7711792
0.0000000
{ 55} > list forces
ACTIVE UNITS M
KN RAD DEGF SEC
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- LOADING - 1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------
45
MEMBER FORCES
MEMBER JOINT /-------------------- FORCE --------------------//-------------------- MOMENT --------------------/

AXIAL
SHEAR Y
SHEAR Z
TORSIONAL
BENDING Y
BENDING Z
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
6
2
3
5
5
4
5
5
2
220.2403717
220.2403717
220.4998169
220.4998169
821.7711792
-821.7711792
427.3291016
-427.3291016
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- LOADING - 2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------
MEMBER FORCES

AXIAL
SHEAR Y
SHEAR Z
TORSIONAL
BENDING Y
BENDING Z
1
2
3
4
5
5
6
6
2
3
5
5
4
5
5
2
92.4724960
-92.4724960
-100.9456024
100.9456024
0.0000000
-0.1442504
0.0000000
0.1442504
0.0000000
0.1442504
0.0000000
-0.1442504
0.0000000
-4.3275118
4.3275118
0.0000000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- LOADING - 3

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------
MEMBER FORCES

AXIAL
SHEAR Y
SHEAR Z
TORSIONAL
BENDING Y
BENDING Z
1
46
312.7128906
2
3
4
5
5
6
6
3
5
5
4
5
5
2
127.7678833
119.5542145
321.4454041
821.7711792
-821.7711792
427.3291016
-427.3291016
-0.1442504
0.1442504
0.1442504
-0.1442504
0.0000000
-4.3275118
4.3275118
0.0000000
{ 56} > unit mm

{ 57} > list displacements
ACTIVE UNITS MM KN RAD DEGF SEC
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- LOADING - 1

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------
RESULTANT JOINT DISPLACEMENTS SUPPORTS

JOINT
1
3
4
/-----------------DISPLACEMENT-----------------//-------------------ROTATION-------------------/
X DISP.
Y DISP.
Z DISP.
X ROT.
Y ROT.
Z ROT.
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
RESULTANT JOINT DISPLACEMENTS FREE JOINTS

JOINT
2
5
X DISP.
Y DISP.
Z DISP.
X ROT.
Y ROT.
Z ROT.
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
0.0000000
0.0000000
-31.2275105
-20.5442810
0.0000000
0.0000000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- LOADING - 2

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------

JOINT
1
3
4
47
X DISP.
Y DISP.
Z DISP.
X ROT.
Y ROT.
Z ROT.
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
-0.0014003

JOINT
2
5
X DISP.
Y DISP.
Z DISP.
X ROT.
Y ROT.
Z ROT.
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
181.3883820
58.2378464
0.0000000
0.0000000
-0.0046460
-0.0030231
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LOADING - 3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

JOINT
1
3
4
X DISP.
Y DISP.
Z DISP.
X ROT.
Y ROT.
Z ROT.
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
-0.0014003

JOINT
2
5
48
X DISP.
Y DISP.
Z DISP.
X ROT.
Y ROT.
Z ROT.
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
181.3883820
58.2378464
-31.2275105
-20.5442810
-0.0046460
-0.0030231
49
Problem 12.16
Consider the rigid frame shown above. Investigate how the response changes when A1 is varied.
Use computer software. Vary A1 from 2 in 2 to 10 in 2 . Take I 600 in 4 , A 5 in 2 , L 200 ft ,
I1 300 in 4 , w 1 k/ft . Material is steel.

50
Analysis Results for A1 2 in 2 :

ACTIVE UNITS FEET KIP RAD DEGF SEC

JOINT
1
4
5
/---------------------FORCE---------------------//--------------------MOMENT--------------------/
X FORCE
Y FORCE
Z FORCE
X MOMENT
Y MOMENT
Z MOMENT
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
0.2750448
0.0000000
-0.2750448
26.2271576
26.3188362
147.4540253
0.0000000
0.0000000
-0.0000033
{ 38} > list forces

MEMBER FORCES

AXIAL
SHEAR Y
SHEAR Z
TORSIONAL
BENDING Y
BENDING Z
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
2
5
3
0.2750448 26.2271576
-0.2750448
40.4394569
-75.6282272
33.4004898
75.6282272
33.2659035
0.0000000 40.3481750
0.0000000 26.3188343
105.8844528
-1.4583676
-105.8844528
1.4583676
105.5302505
-1.4242343
-105.5302505
1.4242343
0.0000000
-473.7429199
421.6341248
-417.1477966
467.6471252
0.0000000
-16.6390419
-52.1087914
-16.6390438
-50.4993286
{ 39} > unit in

ACTIVE UNITS INCH KIP RAD DEGF SEC
JOINT
1
4
5
51
X DISP.
Y DISP.
Z DISP.
X ROT.
Y ROT.
Z ROT.
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
0.0000000
0.4157400
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
-0.0604358
0.0615096
-0.0006194

JOINT
X DISP.
Y DISP.
Z DISP.
X ROT.
Y ROT.
Z ROT.
2
GLOBAL
-0.0015175
-1.4619952
0.0132183
3
GLOBAL
0.4157400
-1.8713145
-0.0138291
____________________________________________________________________
Analysis Results for A1 10 in 2 :


JOINT
/---------------------FORCE---------------------//--------------------MOMENT--------------------/
X FORCE
Y FORCE
Z FORCE
X MOMENT
Y MOMENT
Z
MOMENT
1
4
5
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
0.2801770
0.0000000
-0.2801770
26.0890694
26.1824589
147.7284851
0.0000000
0.0000000
-0.0000043
{ 38} > list forces
MEMBER FORCES
MEMBER JOINT /-------------------- FORCE --------------------//-------------------- MOMENT -------------------/

AXIAL
SHEAR Y
SHEAR Z
TORSIONAL
BENDING Y
BENDING
Z
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
52
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
2
5
0.2801770 26.0890694
-0.2801770
40.5775414
-76.3793488
33.4019623
76.3793488
33.2644310
0.0000000 40.4845543
0.0000000 26.1824589
106.5178833
-1.8944246
-106.5178833
1.8944246
106.1567535
-1.8599567
0.0000000
-482.9487305
420.8519592
-416.2675171
476.7389832
0.0000000
-27.2068596
-62.0968056
-27.2068634
-106.1567535
1.8599567
-60.4714508
{ 39} > unit in

ACTIVE UNITS INCH KIP RAD DEGF SEC

JOINT
1
4
5
X DISP.
Y DISP.
Z DISP.
X ROT.
Y ROT.
Z ROT.
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
0.0000000
0.4198557
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000
-0.0581310
0.0592253
-0.0006280

JOINT
2
3
53
X DISP.
Y DISP.
Z DISP.
X ROT.
Y ROT.
Z ROT.
GLOBAL
GLOBAL
-0.0015458
0.4198557
-0.2953888
-0.7126988
0.0129835
-0.0136053
Problem 12.17
(a) Develop a computer code to automate the generation of the member stiffness matrices
defined by Equation (12.6). Assume A, E, I, L given.
(b) Develop a computer code to carry out the operations defined by Equation (12.13).
(c) Develop a computer code to carry out the operation defined by Equation (12.20) and
(12.21).
AE
L
k BB = 0
54
0
12EI
L3
6EI
- 2
L
6EI
- 2
L
4EI
L
0
BA
AE
- L
0
-
12EI
L3
6EI
L2
6EI
- 2
L
2EI
L
0
AE
L
k AA = 0
6EI
L2
4EI
L
0
12EI
L3
6EI
L2
AB
AE
- L
cos -sin 0
R l g = sin cos 0
0
0
1
k BB R l g k
BB
k AA R l g k
AA
k
(1) AB
K = k (1) BB
P 'E
___
P''
E
k (1)
AA
k (1) BA
0
lg
0 0

0 0

0 0
K '11 | K '12 U'
___ | ___ __
K'
| K '22 U''
21
P''E K '21 U' K '22 U'' P''I
55
0
k (2)
k BA = R l g k
BA
k AB = R l g k
AB
AA
lg
lg
k
k (1) AA
(1) AB
k (2) AB = k (1) BB (k (1) BA + k (2)

k (2) BB 0
k (2) BA

0
k (2) BA
P'I
+ __
P''
U' (K '11 ) 1 (P'E - K '12 U'' - P'I )
12EI
L3
6EI
- 2
L
cos sin 0
R g l = -sin cos 0
0
0
1
lg
6EI
L2
2EI
L
) k (2) AB
AA
k (2) BB
Problem 12.18
For the space truss shown, use the direct stiffness method to find displacements at joint1.
A 3 in 2
E 29, 000 ksi
X-Y Plan
56
X-Z Plan
Member
lx
ly
lz
(1)
(2)
(3)
12
10
2
6
6
12
18
18
18
22.45
21.45
21.72
0.53
0.47
0.092
0.27
0.28
0.55
0.8
0.84
0.83
Using Mathcad:
L
m
X2m X1m2 Y2m Y1m2 Z2m Z1m2
cos 2 ( m )
AE
)( m )
L
sin (m) cos (m)
sin ( m ) cos (m)
sin 2 ( m )
cos 2 ( m )
AE
(
)( m )
L
sin (m) cos (m)
sin ( m ) cos (m)
sin 2 ( m )
k (m)AB k (m)BA k ( m )
'
PE
10 kip
20 kip
u1
.011 in

'
'
1
'
1 U (K 11 ) P E .066 in
w
.03 in
Problem 12.19
For the space frame shown, use the direct stiffness method to find displacements at joint B. The
load P is applied perpendicular to the plane ABC. The cross section is circular tube. Take L=4 m,
P=30 kN, E = 200 GPa , and G=77 GPa.
57
Cross section
Member m
(1)
(2)
1
2
2
3
11 i
'
R i 21 i
31i
58
12 i
22 i
32
1 (xg ,xl )
/2
0
13 i
23 i
33
i
2 (xg ,xl )
-/2
/2
3 (xg ,xl )
0
-/2
R' 0
R lg i
i
R'i
0
global
k RlT g
k
k 1 AB
1 AA
K = k 1 BA (k 1 BB + k 2 AA )
0
k 2 BA
59
k 1 BB
global
R lg(1) k (1)BB R Tlg(1)
k 2 AA
global
R lg( 2) k (2)AA R Tlg( 2)
k 2 AB
k 2 BB
K'11 = (k 1 BB + k 2 AA )
U'
U' (K '11 ) 1
60
u1joint 2
0
u
2 joint 2
0
u
30
3 joint 2 '
PE
0
1joint 2
0
2 joint 2
0
3 joint 2
23.55
(P'E )
.003
.003
u1joint 2 u 2 joint 2 0
1joint 2 2 joint 2 .003 rad
61
u 3 joint 2 23.55 mm
3 joint 2 0
Problem 13.1
(a)
(b) Use a software package to determine:

(i) The maximum values of R 3 , M 2 , and M1-1 cause by a uniformly distributed dead
load of 2 k/ft.
(ii) The maximum value of M 2 caused by a uniformly distributed live load of 1k/ft.
M- 2 max 146.7 kip-ft
Problem 13.2
8(28) 32(14)
9.33 ft
72
e 14 9.33 4.66 ft
e
2.33 ft
2
Mmax 1703 kip-ft
Moment envelop
Mmax 1700 kip-ft
Problem 13.3
Lane load: w 10 kN/m uniform
Truck load:
(a) L1 L2 30 m , EI constant
Global moment envelope-Lane
Global moment envelope-Truck

(b) L1 15 m L2 30 m , EI constant
Truck
4
(c) L1 L2 30 m , EI constant
Moment diagram-Lane
(d) Compare the global moment envelopes for the structure shown below with the
envelopes generated in part (a). Is there any effect of varying I?

Problem 13.4
Consider the multi span bridge shown below. Suppose the bridge is expected to experience a
temperature change of T over its entire length. Where would you place a hinge support: at A or
at B? Determine the end movement corresponding to your choice of support location.
Case (a)
u T L
Case (b)
u T L
Case (b) is better because there is less movement of span.
Problem 13.5
Most design codes limit the deflection due to live loading to some fraction of length, say L/
6
where is on the order of 500. Generate the global deflection envelope for the multi-span
beam and truck loading shown below. Take E = 29,000ksi and I = 60,000 in4.
max
L
90(12)
2.16 in
500
500
I req
max
L
(I)
( )
Problem 13.6
Investigate convergence of the internal forces for the parabolic arch shown as the discretization
is refined. Take the interval as 2.4 m, 1.2 m, and .6 m.
Axial Force
Bending Moment
Axial Force
Bending Moment
Axial Force
Bending Moment
Problem 13.7
Suppose a uniform loading is applied to span ABC. Investigate how the response changes as x
2
2x
varies from L/2 to L. Take h=L/2, A 50 in , AC 2 in , w 1k/ft, f 1 .
L
2
Deformation profile ( x
L
, f 2)
2
Deformation profile ( x L, f 5 )
10
Problem 13.8
Determine the structural response (forces and displacements) of the idealized tied arch shown
below under a uniformly distributed gravity load of 30 kN/m.
Assume Aarch 26000 mm2 , IArch 160(10)6 mm4 , Ahanger 2(10)6 mm2
Note: roadway girder and arch are pined to together at pints A and B.
Deformation profile
11
Axial force
Bending moment
Problem 13.9
Determine the distribution of internal forces and displacements for the cable stayed structure
shown below. Member AB acts as counterweight for loading applied on member BC. The 2
members are connected by 9 parallel equally spaced cables. Self weight of members AB and BC
is 16 kN/m and 8 kN/m respectively. Assume ACable 50000 mm2 and E=200GPa. Consider the
following cases:
12
(a) IAB IBC 40(10)9 mm4
Deformation profile
13
Axial force
Bending moment
(b) IAB 4IBC
14
IBC 40(10)9 mm4
Deformation profile
Bending moment
(c) Uniform Live load of 2 kN/m applied to member BC in addition to self weight.
IAB 4IBC
IBC 40(10)9 mm4
15
Deformation profile
Bending moment
Problem 13.10
Consider the symmetrical cable structure shown below. Determine a set of cable areas ( C1 C10 )
such that the maximum vertical displacement is less than 375 mm under a uniformly distributed
live load of 10 kN/m. Assume Igirder 400(10)6 mm4 , Agirder 120(10)3 mm2 . Take the allowable
stress as 700MPa.
16
max 371 mm
17
Cable
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
18
A, mm2
100,000
500,000
50,000
50000
50000
50000
50000
50000
50000
50000
Tension, kN
325.5
62.7
167
132
129
120
113
108
103
104
Problem 14.1
Consider the plan view of one story rigid frames shown below. Determine the center of twist
corresponding to the brace stiffness patterns shown.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Problem 14.2
The one story frame shown has an unsymmetrical mass distribution.
Distribution of mass
Stiffness distribution
(a) Determine the center of mass.
(b) Determine the stiffness parameters k1 and k 2 such that the center of stiffness coincides
with the center of mass.
(c) Determine the earthquake floor loads corresponding to Sa =0.3g. Consider both direction,
i.e., N-S and E-W.
Problem 14.3
For the rigid frame shown below, determine (a) The center of twist ( C T ) (b) the seismic floor
loads applied at the center of mass ( C M ) for a N-S earthquake with Sa =0.3g. Assume
properties are equal for each floor.
Elevation
Typical floor plan
Problem 14.4
Consider the two story rigid frame defined below. Assume the weight of the floor slabs are
equal to w floor . Concentrated masses are located on each floor as indicated.
Plan-Floor 1
Plan Floor 2
(a) Determine the position of the center of mass for each floor.
(b) Assume the structure is subjected to an earthquake acting in the east direction. Determine
the earthquake forces for the individual floors. Assume w floor =1000 kips,
w1 w 2 1000 kips , and Sa = 0.3g.
(c) Suppose the story stiffness distribution shown below is used. Describe qualitatively how
the structure will displace when subjected to an earthquake. Consider the stiffness
distribution to be the same for each floor.
Problem 14.5
Consider the single story multi frame structure shown below. Determine the lateral force in
the frames due to a global load P. Consider both wind and earthquake loading. Assume the
slab is rigid.
Problem 14.6
Consider the stiffness distribution for the one story rigid frame shown below. Determine the
displaced configuration under the action of the loading shown. Assume the slab is rigid.
10
Problem 14.7
(a) Determine the center of twist.
11
(b) Using Equation (14.47), determine K o .
12
Problem 14.8
Consider the plan view of a one story frame shown below. Using the matrix formulation
presented in section 14.3.5, generate the equations of motion for the story. Take m1 1000 ,
m2 500 , and k=10 kips/in.
13
14
15
Problem 14.9
Consider the one story plan view shown below.
(a)
Locate the center of mass.
(b) Locate the center of twist. Take k1 k 2 k3 k 4 k .
(c)
16
Take k1 k 3 10 . Suggest values for k 2 and k 4 such that the center of mass
coincides with the center of twist.
17
Problem 14.10
Consider the floor plan shown below. Assume the mass is uniformly distributed over the
floor area. Establish the equations of motion referred to point o.
18
19
20
Problem 14.11
Consider the roof plan for a one story structure shown below. Assume the shear walls have
equal stiffness and the roof dead load is uniform.
(a) Determine the center of mass and the center of stiffness.
(b) Describe how the structure responds to an earthquake in the N-S direction.
21
22
23
Problem 14.12
The framing shown below has identical rigid frames along column lines 1, 2, 3 and 4, and
cross bracing along lines A, B, and C. Consider all the beams to be the same size and all the
columns to be the same size. Assume Ib 3 Ic and L 2h .
Plan
Elevation N-S
(a) Assuming the roof slab is rigid with respect to the rigid frames, what part of the total
seismic load due to a N-S earthquake is carried by frame 4.
24
(b) Repeat part (a) considering the roof slab to be flexible.
25
Problem 15.1
Using Mller- Breslaus Principle, determine the loading patterns (uniformly distributed member
load) that produce the peak values of positive moment at point A(mid span) for each story.
Problem 15.2
Using Mller- Breslaus Principle, estimate the loading patterns (uniformly distributed member
load) that produce the peak value of negative moment at B for each story. Check the results using
a software package. Take Ic =150 in 4 for all the columns and Ig =300 in 4 for all the beams.
Problem 15.3
Using Mller- Breslaus Principle, estimate the loading patterns (uniformly distributed member
load) that produce the peak value of negative moment at B for each story. Check the results using
a software package. Take Ib 300(10)6 mm4 for all the beams and Ic 100(10)6 mm4 for all the
columns.
Problem 15.4
For the frame shown below,
a) Using Mller- Breslaus Principle, sketch the influence lines for the positive moment at A
and the negative moment at B.
b) Use a software package to determine the maximum values of these quantities due to a
uniformly distributed live load of 30 kN/m and a uniformly distributed dead load of 20
kN/m. Take Ic 100(10)6 mm4 for all the columns and Ib 200(10)6 mm4 for all the
beams.
Problem 15.5
For the frame shown below,
a) Using Mller- Breslaus Principle, sketch the influence lines for the positive moment at A
and the negative moment at B.
b) Use a software package to determine the maximum values of these quantities due to a
uniformly distributed live load of 1.8 k/ft and a uniformly distributed dead load of 1.2
k/ft. Take Ic =480 in 4 for all the columns and Ib =600 in 4 for all the beams.
Problem 15.6
Consider the typical frame defined above. Assume the bay spacing is 20 ft.
4
a) Determine the floor loads per bay due to an Earthquake of intensity Sa= 0.3g. Assume the
following dead weights. Roof load = 0.08 k/ft 2 and floor load = 0.06 k/ft 2 .
b) Estimate the column shear forces due to this earthquake.
c) Estimate the column shear forces due to both gravity and earthquake.
W1 W2 W3 .06(80)(20) 96 kip
W4 .08(80)(20) 128 kip
Z1 15 ft
Z1 27 ft
Z1 39 ft
Z4 51 ft
4
W (Z )
i
570528
i1
2
Zi Wi (14304) 204604416
i1
V base
Zi Wi S
204604416
a
4i 1
(.3) 107.58kip
g
570528
2
Wi (Zi )
i 1
Wi Zi
P floor i
V base
Wi Zi
96(15)
P1
(107.58) 10.83 kip
14304
96(27)
P2
(107.58) 19.49 kip
14304
96(39)
P3
(107.58) 28.16 kip
14304
(128)(51)
P4
(107.58) 49.1 kip
14304
Problem 15.7
Consider the frame shown below. Assume a uniform gravity live loading for the beams.
(a) Describe how you would apply Mller- Breslaus Principle to establish the loading
pattern for the compressive axial load in column A.
(b) Compare the axial load in column A of the pattern loading to the uniform loading on all
members. Consider all the girders to be the same size and all the columns to be the same
size. Assume Ibeam 2.5 Icolumn and w = 1.2 k/ft. Use computer software.
Problem 15.8
Discuss the function of the structure, abcdef. How would you determine the gravity loading
acting on it? Assume uniform gravity loading for the beams.
Problem 15.9
Consider a uniform floor gravity loading on the floors of the multi-story rigid frame building
shown below. Investigate how the internal forces vary with the angle ranging from 0 to 200 ,
considering H constant. Is there a limiting value for ?
Problem 15.10
Consider the symmetrical structure shown below. All the members are pinned at their ends.
9
(a) Determine expression for the axial force in the diagonal members due to the vertical ( Pv )
and horizontal ( Pv ) loads.
(b) Determine the horizontal and vertical displacements of the nodes 1 and 2.
(c) Extend the analysis to the structure shown below. This structure is called a DIAGRID
structure.
10
11
12
Problem 15.11
For the structure shown below, assume the floors are flexible and the flooring system transits the
gravity loading to the floor beams in the N-S direction (one-way action). Assume all beams are
the same size and all the columns are the same size. Ibeam 3 Icolumn , Floorgravity 175 kN/m2 .
Compare the maximum forces in beams and columns caused by combination of gravity and wind
for the following cases.
(i)
The structure is considered to be a braced frame, i.e., all the connections between
beams and columns are pinned both in N-S and E-W direction. Assume the frames
are suitably braced.
(ii)
13
The structure is considered to be a rigid frame in the N-S direction and a braced frame
in the E-W direction, i.e., all the connections between beams and columns are
moment connections in N-S direction but connections; in the E-W direction remain
pinned.
Typical Plan
Elevation Section A-A
N-S
E-W
Global Wind
14
w 175 (
69
) 131.5 kN/m
2
When the floor slab is flexible, the loads are proportioned to their tributary floor areas.
7.5
)(58) 20.7 kN
21
7.5
P2 ( )(63) 22.5 kN
21
7.5
P3 ( )(70) 25 kN
21
7.5
P4 ( )(40) 14.3 kN
21
P1 (
Gravity
Wind
Interior Frame N-S
+
M max 5618 kN-m

Rigid frame
M max 10110 kN-m
15
Moment diagram (wind + gravity)

Braced frame:
The lateral load (wind) is carried by the bracing in E-W direction.
The floor loading is transmitted by the floor slab to the beams in N-S direction, which function
as simply supported beams.
M +max
16
w L2 131.5(9)2
13289 kN-m
8
8
http://www.springer.com/978-1-4614-3261-6

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Problem 11.

(ii) Use a computer software system. Assume Ig 2Ic

M +max 27.6 kN-m

Assume shear is divided equally between columns.

Axial forces & reaction

Axial forces & reaction

(a) The portal method.

(b) The shear stiffness method.

Axial forces( kip)

Shear forces (kip)

Moment diagram (kip-ft)

Axial force (kip)

Shear forces (kip)

Bending moment diagram(kip-ft)

Axial forces (kip)

Shear forces (kip)

Moment diagram (kip-ft)

Reactions and brace forces

K '11 | K '12 U'

(a) The loading shown

(c) Support 1 settles 12 mm.

K '11 | K '12 U'

K '11 | K '12 U'

shown. I 40(10)6 mm4 , A=3000 mm2 , and E=200 GPa.

sin ( m ) cos (m)

sin ( m ) cos (m)

K '11 | K '12 U'

E 29, 000 ksi

sin ( m ) cos (m)

sin ( m ) cos (m)

K '11 | K '12 U'

(a) The loading shown

P''E K '21 U'

(b) A support settlement of 0.5 inch at joint 4

P''E K '21 U' K '22 U''

K '11 | K '12 U'

K '11 (k (1) AA k (2) AA k ( 3) AA )

sin ( m ) cos (m)

sin ( m ) cos (m)

P''E K '21 U' P''I

P''E K '21 U' K '22 U''

sin ( m ) cos (m)

sin ( m ) cos (m)

K '11 (k (1) BB k (2) AA k ( 3) AA )

k (1) BA (k (1) BB k (2) AA ) k (2) AB

Expand the K matrix.

K '11 | K '12 U'

P 'I -185 kip-ft

PI' ' 39.6 kip

k (1) BA (k (1) BB k (2)

K '11 | K '12 U'

I 120(10) mm , E 200 GPa and k v 36 kN/mm

sin (2) cos(2)

sin (2) cos 2)

k (2)AA k (2)BB k (2) (

k (2)AB k (2)BA k (2)

K '11 | K '12 U'

(K'11 )1 ( - P'I ) .011

(K'11 )1 (- P'I ) -9.38

(d) Cantilever beam + Cable

U' (K'11 )1 (- P'I )

sin (2) cos(2)