Frustration and Conflicts ywrds a particular goal. i s an internal urge to act to When motives are hindered or locked, frustration occurs. People i> cannot achieve their important goals, feel depressed, , "ig, 10.1), For example one wi up early to bathe before most o! e Trus hers, one finds water. uu stand well n time, one finds that the jer than the scheduled. time. ery hard, one fails in the exa mndying v | g B| coal ‘Acton of Goat | Soa & person é ae Displaced Frustration bee ‘aggression vwandrawal of frustration Sore oa forces tat block motive Fulfilment (The obstacle money Ling IL, e.g. a locked door, Jack of y a ar aren teaches or policemen) The rssctions 2 ‘example some people are handi ‘Aschildren grovr into adult ed by blindness or paralysi isthe unattainable goals bring more Frustration and Conflicts 105 —.———— $$ neainand Conilcts 105 and more frustration. These are mainly learned goals that cannot be achieved because they are beyond the person’s abilities. A boy may learn to aspire for too high an academic achievement but isneither very *nt nor hardworking. He gets only low marks because of his level of performance. e somewhat similar Uesires, but they are not equally equipped to satisfy them. In life's struggle for health, marital partners and other values, the more gifted encounter l obstacles than the less endowed. All things being equal, some Perform better than the less privileged. 3. Conflict betwen motives The most serious and deep x frustration occurs due to conflict between motives, These co1 are of four basic forms. In each of € goal, for atime, is hindered. Depending on the type of contlict, yarious emotional and behavioral reactions may occur, Personal Frustrations [Characteristics of body, porsor Trustrat but he ea grace in mathematics) Gn adolescent feel because of acne and he keeps away fro 1uses frustration because ustration produces an emotional state which is always i stress which varies from simple ated anger) BUEERE Frustration i inevitable, [tbegins hhe process of Birth itself is a frustrating experience for en the child is hungry it gets frustrat ie tension in a variely of we ‘The important reactions are as follows: Direct approach Two direct methods of overcoming obstacles are “creased effort and changing the mode of attack. Ifboth the methods il, the third alternative is i more attainable: Feelings of inferiority When increased effort and variation of attack i and substitute goals are unavailable, individual often react106 Psychology for Graduate Nurses s of helplessness _and_ inadequacy: This asingeriort fear of eompetiton, extreme sensitivity tocriicism, suspicion, envy, “sell-consciousness, worry and extreme self: “Aggressiveness. Instead of adjusting passively to obstacles with “many react aggressively towards the source of frustratior essive reaction is very common when some ‘external obstacle is the cause of frustraio "The target of attack {usually some other person or object and the intensity of atiack is proportionate to the amount of frustration Conflict Conflicts a special type of frustration The exis in life is unavoidable, without which development (when conflicts become excess xy become harm conflicts indicate a weakness of jetermination. Stror is 1 get rid of conflicts Then you are unable to resolve be overcome and delays will have to tole may make people neurotic istence of frustration possibly Excessive conflict, obstacles cannot ‘Too much of conflict ‘Types of Conflicts Conflicts are of four basic forms: Approach-Approach Conflict Fig. 10:2) Thisis the simplest kind of con! ‘occurs bet goals that are equally attactive. The person is attracted atthe same time by two goals that are incomy ++ 6 ———* Fig, 10:2: Approachrapproach confet Jogical conflict arises when a person is both hungry or ‘ema or a party scheduled for the same ri hes to get married and settled in his homeland is job abroad) The proverbial donkey is supposed $$$ $$ etztion and Conticts_107 to have starved to death be it ste al of hay and could not decide with te heme ate choose et make up on’ ° t Toke ike up one's mind quickly and easily, choosing your place of work ats eth 8 Your place of work aftr gration more quickly than other types of cont ‘an be resolve Avoidance Avoidance Conti (Fig. 10.3) lace when one is forced to choose between two negative An idual is caught bet fasscabecnaseety ight between the ind the deep ves (heindvidual that are equ a toothache and going to the dent One ay choose between the tw: ha resolved quickly ‘Anexampleofanavoidan Baier teeing hoes “Pregnancy, he avoidance conflictis the wors act leads to indecis aon ri “freezing” and “escay Fig. 10.3: Avoidanee-avoidance conflet (rom fire 10 fying pan) 5 etal, a person might esca; ave li om ag avay tn eed ane pepicny SS nrrstcs hore re arealitonal negative forces in the peiphery of thesituation that prevent them from running away. Forfexamplea gil who ‘ot want either to do her arithmetic or geta spanking might __ think of running away from home. But the consequences of running,108 Psychology for Graduate Nurses 108 _ Psychology for Graduate Ni =——_—_—_—_—_—_—_— away are even worse than her other alternatives, and so she does not do it, Aman must undergo crn erie of later illness, A student has to sell his car to pay his fee “Teave the college. y try different means Tepe imavoidance avoidance conflict may ty diferent means ining away. They often rely on ima Haan in fencrted by te conic hey may spend in day reaming, con) xe are no conflicts or they : 1» world of their childhood before the unpleasant iance-avoidance conflict existed This way of leaving ict (Fig. 10.4) ‘Approach-Avoidance Conflict (Fig- é te the most cic to aoe because this cot.» pers is both attracted and repelled by the same goal object Fig. 10-4: Approach-avoidance confict ious but is also.causes obesity) man wants cream is deli (esr 1 her beauty butat the sams nee sh final : vants parental protection but at the sam level is too low) & girl wants parental prot Lat the se Frustration and Conflics 109 —]|H_-_ $$$ nenntion and Conflicts _109 lcrable social pressures from his family and friends to achieve the goals. He may incur the disapproval of his parents if ls to make good grades in studies, He will lose the esteem of his friends if he does not make it to the college football team. This failure at either end carri it will mean giving up an attractive offer of job in another city. If the over-all sum of marriage values is greater than that of the career, she might hesitate for a while, vacillate back and forth, and then get married. In still another grample(@ man may be in conflict not only about whether to get married But also about which of the several rls would make the ideal wife) Internal obstacles are harder to resolve than the external ones iple may find ways to getting around environmental obstacles. hey find it very hard to escape from obstacles within themselves, ie. from personal inadequacies and conflicts between motives. The emotional reactions due to approach-avoidance conflicts in which internal obstacles are invelved cause several behavioral problems. flict are: ‘ thew methods of thinkin; and acting which either el the conflict or reduce it’s severity me does not want parental dominat Aybutisafraid and pull bacchisha icks up atelephone flicts (Fig. 10.5) Multiple Approach-Avoidance Cont te wae ACh probleme involve many posiiveand many nat goals. Fig. 10.5: Double approach-avoidance confit experi en makin; sat who experiences a conflict between m: sTiethe college football tam, Superfically ‘case of approach-approach conflict, Js. But the obedient boy experiences 2D considortbes his appears to be a si between two positive goal ‘number but fearing the other person’s response, puts _ (defence mechanisms limation, compensation). REACTIONS TO FRUSTRATION Pent up frustrations lead to different reac have_frust consequences with no injury to themselves or to the society, while others become violent and aggressive is in people. Some Simple Reactions a. Increasing effarts and trials: During frustration, some individual become introspective for overcoming the obstacles by putting in more efforts or bring about improvement in their behavior or processes. b. Compromise: Repeated failure in one direction may lead the Individual to lower or change the aim, A student who is not410 Psychology for Graduate Nurses H0_ Psychology for Gradlale =——___—_—_—_—_— able to cope with BSc (Nsg.) course may join for GNM or may ¢ to physiotherapy course Sub accepts, cc. Submissiveness: The individual surrenders himself and accepts his defeat as inevitable. iolent Reactions : Jnetalion to simple reactions, the individual becomes emotionally jon. Studies conducted by tense and the frustration causes aggressi i m social psychologist Banclura has shown the relationship between ‘ustration and aggression which are of two types. : External aggression: This aggression may be directed towards persons who caused the frustration or_ “either the person or persons who cause: pes oe towards softertargets assis denied promotion may quarrel wi erat childee Ohen . depressed of social needs, people respond with tremendous frustration resulting in aggression harmful behavior. Riots and violence maj Internal aggression: Instead of relieving emotional 5 attacking others, the aggression may be directed towards s byblaming self. Eventually the person becomes neurotic to find escape through suicideCIntemal aggression is worse ‘an external reactions for the individual is supervisor or rebuke s ‘Task Oriented Reaction Pattern Task oriented reactions may involve making changes in oneself or in his environment or in both depending upon the situation. ‘The reaction may be: behavior, the individual tries to remove or overcome obstacle to his goal. The type of stress influences and direct action b. Conflict and choice c. Pressure and resistance Frustration and Contlicts 111 —.——$S$ errr Coniots 114 in an effort to solve the problem. and remove the obstacles. For féxample) when failing in a particular ob, one may exert greater effort and try systematically to improve his skills thereby to overcome his frustration. Conflict and choice: In a conflicting situation, the individual may face the problem by analyzing the advantages and disadvanta; ‘ef various options and making an objective direction (choice) » Pressure and resistance: Usually the individual resists pressure especially when pressureis perceived asarbitrary and unwanted. Defiance and rebellion are active forms of resistance. oe :ver an individual suspects that he is likely to be criticized, Fidiculed or jaced-on account of some poor unfortunate he resorts to wi sal Buch a person en avoiding all work saying that he is unable to do the same. (Withdrawal serves to remove the organism from dangerous situation, which he cannot overcome,)The most common emotion accom- ranying, withdrawal is fear. poo stress and withdrawal do not work, some sort of compromise is required, e.g, defence mechanisms. Some methods of developing a compromise and relieving tension and anxiety is needed(The human being is usually able to resolve the conflict by utilising certain forms of adaptation which are called defence tment mechanisms or mental dynamisms. Adjustment Mechanisms The different kinds of habits that people acquire to satisfy their motives are called adjustment mechanisms. is one which fully and directly satisfy a person's desires (motives) and forms an integrated system. A good adjustment is one that manages to satisfy subsistence, social and other motives simultaneously through effective behavior in the real world.112 _ Psychology for Graduate Nurses and confident, He has full faith in his environment and has self respect] But,[for a maladjusied person, the envjgonment appears hostile and he is very diffident about himself, Coping with Frustratic and Conflict by the Nurse Frustration and conflict cause stress and anxiety causing harm tothe body. Some common reactions to frustrations are persistence, ceseape and aggression. Some methods of relieving frustration are: 1 Identify the source of your frustration. Can you change it or control it. I you cannot, learning to accept the situation might be the right answer. 2. Decideimportant things care before making a change in your job or resides 3, Try to find compromises. Look for positive t choice seem negative. Every cloud has a silver lining. 4, Seekreliable help from advisors, teachers and other counsellors. woid indecision. Stick with your decisions and forget about the other choices unless you are clearly in the wrong.