Riverfront Development

riverfront
development
Dissertation
Radhika Munshi|
B.Arch IV
Index
Introduction
History
Guidelines of riverfront developmment
Waterfront as a public space
Case Study : Sabarmati Riverfront
Challenges
Objectives
Stuctural works
Spaces created
Success stories
Inferences
Bibliography
Dissertation
RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Radhika Munshi| B.Arch
Introduction
A waterfront is the zone of interaction between urban developments
and the water and a waterfront area is considered as a unique and
irreplaceable resource where it is the interface between land, water,
air, sun and productive plants.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Waterfronts
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DEVELOPMENT
A more detailed definition described the waterfront as the
interface point where land and water meet, between

approximately 200 to 300 meters from the water line
and 1 to 2 km to the land site and also takes in land
within 20 minutes walking distance.
The waterfront area should have multiple features which incorporate
each other and surrounded by structural and non structural objects to
form a focal point.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
History
The earliest cities developed along river banks and sea ports such as
Kolkata, Mumbai, London, Paris.
In the later stage of development, waterfront areas began as
commercial centers, transportation hubs and manufacturing centers,
as a central focus for them.
However, due to complex and
multiple problems such as technology
change, the historic preservation
movement, increased environmental
awareness and urban renewal, a
dramatic change in waterfront areas
was brought about and they became
large spaces of unused property in
the past thirty years or so.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
The first waterfront development projects were started in North American

cities, in particular Baltimore and Boston, in the 1960s.
.
Baltimore 1960
Baltimore 2013
Whereas the early examples of waterfront development primarily

focused on leisure and retail; contemporary schemes have a broader
scope.
Many are set up with the aim to create attractive mixed urban
environments that appeal to the imagination of people and persuade
them to work there, to live there, or to visit these.
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RIVERFRONT
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Natural
Waterfro
nt
Public
Waterfro
nt
Functions of Waterfront
Working
Waterfro
nt
Redevelopin
g
Waterfront
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Trends of Waterfront Development
1960s - Massive waterfront development began and consequently

initiated the world-wide era of waterfront revitalization.
1970s - Urban waterfront redevelopment bloomed,
1980s - Accelerated and continued in the future.
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DEVELOPMENT
Element of Successful Waterfront

Development
Source: Torre, 1989; Journal of Techno Social-ISSN 2229 8940-Vol 4 No 1 April 2012 (Pg 24) Fig 2:
Elements of Successful Waterfront Development
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Characteristics of Waterfront Area
Source: An Evolution of Waterfront Development in Malaysia By Azlina Binti Md. Yassin Submitted on
16Th Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference, Wellington 24-27 January 2010.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Waterfront as a Public Space

Characteristics of Public Spaces
1. Promotes human contact and social
activities.
2. Has design and architectural features
that are visually interesting.
3. Promotes community involvement.
4. Reflects the local culture or history.
5. Relates well to bordering uses.
6. Is well maintained.
7. Has a unique or special character.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
To develop Riverfront as Public Space
Establish a waters edge that is continuous, publicly accessible and

magnificent
Create a network of public spaces that attract and invite both
localities and tourists to waterfront
Provide a wide-range of public spaces that foster culture and creativity
in our city
Ensure all public spaces adhere to a high environmental standard
Strengthen connections along the waterfront on both sides of the river
Develop strong link between existing communities and emerging
waterfront communities and spaces
Improve the aquatic habitat and water quality along the waterfront
and integrate them with river and stream improvements
Maintain a consistency in waterfront design elements in all public
spaces (i.e. Park benches and lamp posts)
Coordinate the water usage and supporting land base to maximize the
economic, recreational and environmental asset of Water bodies.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Sabarmati Riverfront
Development
Ahmedabad
Case Study
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Ahmedabad and Sabarmati River

The city was founded in 1411
along the river banks.
The river originates from the
foothills of Aravalli ranges near
Udaipur, Rajasthan, and flows
downstream
passing
through
Ahmedabad till Gulf of Cambay.
The 109-km river runs across a
stretch of about 11 km through
Ahmedabad. It is this stretch that
is developed as an ambitious
urban renewal project
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DEVELOPMENT
Sabarmati and Growth of Ahmedabad
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Need for Riverfront Development

The intensive uses took their toll on
the river.
Untreated sewage flowed into the
river through storm water outfalls
and dumping of industrial waste
posed a major health and
environmental hazard.
The river bank settlements were
disastrously prone to floods and
lacked
basic
infrastructure
facilities. Lacklustre development
took shape along the riverfront.
Such conditions made the river
inaccessible and it became a virtual
divide between the two parts of the
city.
Original condition of the river near Vadaj
Dry riverbed with slums along the riverbanks and

lacklustre development along the riverfront
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Project Objectives
The project aims to reclaim the private river edge as a Public asset
and restore the citys relationship with its river. The Riverfront project
presents a great opportunity to create a public edge to the river on
the eastern and western sides of Ahmedabad.
The project is being developed by the Sabarmati Riverfront
Development Corporation Ltd. (SRFDCL), a company wholly owned by
the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation.
The project was conceived in 1997, but it gained momentum only
after 2001.
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DEVELOPMENT
Challenges
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12000 hutments on both

banks
of
the
river
occupying nearly 20% of
critical project area.
Unorganized
Gujari
Bazaar of more than 1200
vendors on the eastern
bank and Court Litigation.
Nearly 200 Dhobis using

both the banks of the
river
for
washing
activities.
Thoroughly polluted and

contaminated Sabarmati
through 38 storm water
outlets.
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Undertaking the Objectives

Environmental Improvement
Strategies for overall environmental improvement have been
formulated to achieve the following objectives:
Reduction in Erosion and Flood
Sewage Diversion
Water Retention and Recharge
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Reduction in erosion and flood

An optimal width of 263 meters for the water way has been selected
and implemented. Both banks of the river have diaphragm walls built
into the riverbed at a depth of more than 10m, and retaining walls
which protect low-lying areas from periodic flooding and prevent
erosion of the river banks.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Sewage Diversion
To stop the pollution of the
river from the storm water
outfalls
and
industrial
effluents,
an
integrated
storm water and sewage
system
with
interceptor
sewers
has
been
implemented.
These interceptor lines have
been installed along both
banks of the river capturing
38 sewage discharge points
and routing the sewage with
new pumping stations in the
reclaimed banks. These lines
carry untreated sewage to
the
recently
augmented
sewage treatment plants
south of Vasna Barrage.
Map showing the interceptor line installed in the reclaimed

land to divert the sewage to the treatment plants
downstream
Map showing the interceptor lines that divert the sewage to

the treatment plants at Vasna and Pirana downstream.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Water retention
The Vasna Barrage, located just downstream of Ahmedabad, makes
it possible to retain water for 15 kilometers upstream, the entire
length of the river within the city
Vasna Barrage downstream of Ahmedabad enables water to be retained the river
Dissertation
RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
A more sustainable alternative is undergoing planning to use treated

water from the sewage treatment plants to replenish the river.
Hence, the traditionally monsoon-fed Sabarmati shall be able to hold
and replenish water year-round. Water retention in the river enables
recreational activities as well as groundwater recharge.
Conceptual map highlighting the use of treated water from sewage treatment plants to replenish the
river
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Features of the Project
The reduction of the riverbed from a variable

width of 600-300 m to a fix width of 263 m,
thus reclaiming 185 ha of land.
The construction of RCC diaphragm walls (1020 m depth) and anchor slabs (10 m) to
prevent the riverbanks from erosion. After the
finishing the anchor slab is turned in the socalled lower promenade.
The construction of interceptor sewers on both

the riverbanks able to prevent the waste water
to flow directly into the river and diverting it to
the two sewage treatment plants of Vasna and
Pirana.
The construction of RCC retaining walls (2.5 - 9

m) to protect the city from flooding. The height
of the walls is determined by the 100-year flood
level. An upper promenade is created on top of
the retaining walls
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Structural Works
Diaphragm Wall, Anchor Slab, Ghats and Ramps

Retaining Wall, Staircases and Ramps
Interceptor Sewage Line, Extension of Outfalls & Manholes
General Earth Fill
Pumping Station
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Diaphragm Wall
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DEVELOPMENT
Radhika Munshi| B.Arch IV
Anchor Slab
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DEVELOPMENT
Ramps and Ghats
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Retaining Wall
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DEVELOPMENT
Staircases and Elevators
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Interceptor Sewage Lines
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Earthfill
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Riverbanks of the Sabarmati before the

project
Riverbanks of the Sabarmati after the

project
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Spaces Created and

Proposed
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LAND USE
STREET NETWORK
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DEVELOPMENT
RIVER PROMENADE
The key feature of this project is a two-level, continuous promenade
at the waters edge along each bank of the river.
The lower-level promenade is built just above the water level AND an
upper level promenade. Together these provide Ahmedabad with an
uninterrupted, pedestrian walkway, nearly 11.5km in length, in the
heart of the city.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
LOWER LEVEL PROMENADE

The lower-level promenade is built just above the water level to
serve pedestrians and cyclists, and to provide access to the water.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
The width of the promenade varies from 6-18m.Facilities provided at the

River Promenade include:
Access points from the city level via staircases and ramps at regular
intervals.
Lifts or Elevators to make lower-level promenade accessible for people with
disabilities.
Concrete paved flooring which can support walking, jogging and cycling.
Continuous seating arrangement at the rivers edge along with protective
railing.
Platforms at regular intervals for regulated and organized vending
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activities.
RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
UPPER LEVEL PROMENADE

The upper level promenade shall host a variety of public features at
the city level.
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DEVELOPMENT
GHATS
31 NOS
Ghats punctuate the lower-level river promenade at planned
intervals to provide access to the water. These have been designed
at strategic locations to enable continuation of cultural activities
along the water.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
BOATING STATIONS
3 NOS
Boating Stations have been provided at the lower-level River
Promenade to enable recreational boating in the river as well as a
water-based mode of public transport in the future.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
STREETS
The SRFD streets run parallel to the river on both banks and provide
continuous access to the riverfront development. Access streets at
key locations connect the SRFD streets to the rest of the city.
Dissertation
RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
All SRFD streets have dedicated pedestrian paths with cycle tracks,
parking bays, and 6 m/20ft wide carriageways. Access lanes on one
or both sides of the streets provide entries to the existing
development and when required, the proposed riverfront
development.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
PARKS AND PLAZAS

The project devotes around seventy hectares, more than a quarter
(26%), of the reclaimed land towards creating public spaces in the
heart of the city.
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DEVELOPMENT
RIVERFRONT PARK, Subhash Bridge

Area 6 ha
The park is envisaged as an extension of Gandhijis Sabarmati
Ashram, across the river, providing a serene and contemplative
backdrop to the Ashram and maximising this vista.
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RIVERFRONT PARK, Usmanpura

Area 1.8 ha
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AMUSEMENT PARK
Area 0.9 ha
This park will be a hub of thematic areas with an informative and
entertaining environment. The facility will provide interactive
exhibitions, holographic displays and animatronics to recreate prehistoric living creatures, historic episodes and traditional architecture.
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DEVELOPMENT
FLOWER GARDEN
Area 5 ha
This garden has been envisioned as a venue for Ahmedabads Annual
Flower Show- an event for exhibition and sale of native and exotic
species of plants and flowers. Throughout the year, the garden shall
serve as a neighbourhood park.
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DEVELOPMENT
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URBAN FOREST, Paldi

Area 10.4 ha
The proposed forest, downstream of the river is envisioned as a
significant green resource for the city.
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DEVELOPMENT
PLAZA, Vallabhsadan
Area 0.5 ha
It is visualized as a pedestrian promenade lined by arcades which will
provide a shaded environment. Staircases and elevators for
handicapped access connect the plaza at regular intervals to the
lower-level promenade and the river.
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RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
PLAZA, Gandhi Ashram

Area N.A.
Gandhi Ashram is the only property that opens up directly onto the
river where a series of wide steps connect to the lower level-River
Promenade. The visualizations show the transformation of the space
into an amphitheatre, where the existing steps serve as seating.
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DEVELOPMENT
RIVERFRONT PARK, Khanpur

Area 1.4 ha
The linear park on the eastern riverbank and is planned with secure
play areas for children, walking, jogging and other recreational
facilities, and areas for outdoor performances and concerts.
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DEVELOPMENT
AMENITIES
Many new public facilities are being built on the reclaimed land to
include sections with particular needs.
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RIVERFRONT MARKET
Area 6.5 ha
TheRiverfront Markethas been created to house Ravivari, the
traditional flea market at a permanent site adjacent to its previous
location. The market provides designated vending areas with 1,641
vendor platforms, seating areas, paved walkways, food courts,
vehicular access, parking and 4 public washrooms. The public areas
shall be shaded with over 800 diverse trees that have been planted
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EXHIBITION CENTRE
Area 5.7 ha
With its strategic location in the heart of the city, the centre shall
address the requirements of the exhibitors and visitors alike.
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EVENTS GROUND
Area 5.07 ha
The Events Ground has been planned to offer a wide range of venues
for local as well as international events.
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DEVELOPMENT
DHOBHI GHAT
Area 0.9 ha
A laundry campus has been created to provide state-of-the-art
facilities for the washing community that traditionally used the river
banks for laundering.
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The recently constructed facility on the eastern bank has vehicular

access, parking and lighting within the site. The seven blocks on the
campus have been provided with wet areas on the ground level and
terraces are equipped for drying clothes. These have also been
provided with water and electrical supply with meters and drainage
system.
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DEVELOPMENT
PUBLIC WASHROOM
Area 14 nos.
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SPORTS FACILITIES
The project also offers three significant sports facilities which have
been proposed with reference to its location in the city and the
surrounding context.
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PALDI SPORTS COMPLEX

Area 7.1 ha
The proposed complex near Paldi aims to provide city-level sports
facilities on the western bank.
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PIRANA SPORTS GROUND

Area 4.2 ha
The proposed ground at Pirana aims to provide a multifunctionalmaidanon the eastern bank for informal sports and
recreational uses.
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SHAHPUR SPORTS CENTRE

Area 2.4 ha
The proposed centre at Shahpur will offer neighbourhood-level sports
facilities on the eastern bank.
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Success Stories
The Sabarmati Riverfront Project add almost 10,00,000 sq. mts. of
parks, promenades and plazas to Ahmedabad.
The Sabarmati Riverfront Project help provide Ahmedabad with
many new cultural trade and social institutions (36,000 Sq.m).
Creating of City Level Recreational Activities Water Sports
Tourist attraction.
Recharge of Ground water Aquifers of the city
Continuous Green coverage along the river corridor.
Elimination of Flood Hazard.
Creating Vibrant Urban neighborhoods and beautification of the city.
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Inferences
Riverfront Qualities
Points to think when designing a riverfront
1)Access and Linkage
2)Edge Uses
3)Attractions & Destinations
4)Identity & Image
5)Amenities
6)Water Uses
7)Flexibility in Design
8)Seasonal Strategy
9)Landuse Management
10)Diverse Funding Sources.
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Need of Riverfront Development Planning

1)To develop city as a major commercial and service center with
international class facilities.
2)To project on city as waterfront city with attractive investment
opportunity to further enhances the economic growth and
stability.
3)To establish cities as one of the major tourism attraction center
of the country with international class facilities.
4)Appealing leisure and entertainment function contained with
landscape & fountains.
5)Manifesting cities nature with urban economic development.
6)Increase the Overall living standard of people in the cities
contain with riverfront.
7)Making excellent living environment.
8)Fully Accessible to Public & fully guaranteed as a Public
waterfront.
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DEVELOPMENT
Bibliography
http://www.sabarmatiriverfront.com/
http://www.hcp.co.in/project-details/61/73/135/sabarmatiriverfront-development-project
http://www.slideshare.net/alagar2012/riverfront-reportfinal020713?next_slideshow=1
http://www.slideshare.net/syamsd3/urban-design-sabarmati
Dissertation
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Riverfront Development

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riverfront

A more detailed definition described the waterfront as the

interface point where land and water meet, between

The first waterfront development projects were started in North American

Whereas the early examples of waterfront development primarily

Trends of Waterfront Development

1960s - Massive waterfront development began and consequently

Element of Successful Waterfront

Characteristics of Waterfront Area

Waterfront as a Public Space

To develop Riverfront as Public Space

Establish a waters edge that is continuous, publicly accessible and

Ahmedabad and Sabarmati River

Sabarmati and Growth of Ahmedabad

Need for Riverfront Development

Original condition of the river near Vadaj

Dry riverbed with slums along the riverbanks and

12000 hutments on both

Nearly 200 Dhobis using

Thoroughly polluted and

Undertaking the Objectives

Reduction in Erosion and Flood

Water Retention and Recharge

Reduction in erosion and flood

Map showing the interceptor line installed in the reclaimed

Map showing the interceptor lines that divert the sewage to

Vasna Barrage downstream of Ahmedabad enables water to be retained the river

A more sustainable alternative is undergoing planning to use treated

Features of the Project

The reduction of the riverbed from a variable

The construction of interceptor sewers on both

The construction of RCC retaining walls (2.5 - 9

Diaphragm Wall, Anchor Slab, Ghats and Ramps

Ramps and Ghats

Staircases and Elevators

Interceptor Sewage Lines

Riverbanks of the Sabarmati before the

Riverbanks of the Sabarmati after the

Spaces Created and

LOWER LEVEL PROMENADE

The width of the promenade varies from 6-18m.Facilities provided at the

UPPER LEVEL PROMENADE

PARKS AND PLAZAS

RIVERFRONT PARK, Subhash Bridge

RIVERFRONT PARK, Usmanpura

URBAN FOREST, Paldi

PLAZA, Gandhi Ashram

RIVERFRONT PARK, Khanpur

The recently constructed facility on the eastern bank has vehicular

PALDI SPORTS COMPLEX

PIRANA SPORTS GROUND

SHAHPUR SPORTS CENTRE

Need of Riverfront Development Planning

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