Resumen de Formulas de Fisica II

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00 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r}{
\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22
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i0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Autor: Bernardo Ortega Moncada}\pa
r\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
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\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {K}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\
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\f0\charscalex100 {Energ\uc1\u305Xa almacenada en distribuciones de cargas puntua
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\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8721X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u872
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ect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li466\ri0\
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e\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
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}}}}
f0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx1160\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.5.}\
tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El trabajo de las fuerzas el}\fs24\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {ectricas}\par\pard\li2746\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2960\*\tx4346\*\tx4560
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\tab \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {llegada
}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\tab \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l
legada}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Facul
tad de Ingenier\uc1\u305Xa - 2do Cuatrimestre 2010}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\p
gwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols5\colno1\colw2866\colsr-0\coln
o2\colw680\colsr-0\colno3\colw920\colsr-0\colno4\colw680\colsr-0\colno5\colw6013
\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}\fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {partida}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {llegada}{\super \fs22\up0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {partida}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx573\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {F}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dl}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {=}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\

sl-200\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {partida}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {q
}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dl}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\m
arglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0
\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx1160\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.6.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {La diferencia de potencial}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {La diferencia de potencial es el trabajo que realiza la fue
rza el}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ectrica por unidad de carga, desde un punto}\p
ar\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de referencia hasta
el punto de llegada}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\margls
xn666\margrsxn66\cols5\colno1\colw2826\colsr-0\colno2\colw746\colsr-0\colno3\col
w440\colsr-0\colno4\colw480\colsr-0\colno5\colw6666\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl
-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ref}}\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) =}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li1013\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \*\tx1466\*\tx1693\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8
711X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0}\par\column\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {W}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r}{\su
b \fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ref}}\par\pard\li240\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {q}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-21
l-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\
u8722X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \*\tx213\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\tab \fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {~}\par\pard\li106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li106\ri0\sl-2
00\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{\sub \fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ref}}
\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-426\slmult
0 \*\tx226\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dl}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {~}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn
66\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\
tx1306\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.6.1.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Otra f
orma para calcular la diferencia de potencial}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La siguiente f}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ormula so
lo sirve para distribuciones de cargas acotadas (es decir no in\uc1\u64257Xnitas
) y se calcula la}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{diferencia de potencial en cualquier punto del espacio tomando la referencia en
el}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {in\uc1\u64257Xnito}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {y cuyo valor es cero}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\m
arglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols3\colno1\colw1520\colsr-0\colno2\colw426\colsr-0\colno
3\colw9213\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-400\s
lmult0 \*\tx1293\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r}\tab
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-160\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\par\pa
rd\li120\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li120\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs16\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8704X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}\par\column\pard\l
i466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {dq}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
4}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u960X\uc1\u949X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0
}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{\super \fs16\up2\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {0}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknon
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\tx1040\fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
3.}\tab \fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Conductores}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1. En
condiciones electrost}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aticas, es decir en aquellas q
ue las cargas no se mueven. El campo el}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ectrico en el
}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {interior del me
tal conductor, por experiencia es}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {NULO}\ul0 \p
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2. Las cargas del conductor tienen que estar en la supe
r\uc1\u64257Xcie, no puede estar en el seno (interior) del mismo}\par\pard\li733
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {3. Los objetos met}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {alicos (conductores) s
olo pueden ser cargados por medio de una pila (u otro dispositivo}\par\pard\li10
13\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {que realice un trabajo para mo
ver cargas)}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-2
40\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4. El \uc1\u64258Xujo del campo el}\fs20\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {ectrico dentro del conductor en condiciones electrost}\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aticas es}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {SIEMPRE NULO}\
ul0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {,}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx3400\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {es decir:}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u966X}{
\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{\super \fs22\
up-3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\{}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dS}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0}\par\pard\li2480\
ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-280\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5. Los campos el}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ectr
icos externos al conductor con la presencia del mismo, se ve modi\uc1\u64257Xcad
o}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6. Las lineas de campo del}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {E}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ext}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {siem
pre entran y salen de forma perpendicular, por lo tanto, el conductor}\par\pard\
li1013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {es una super\uc1\u64257Xci
e (o volumen) equipotencial (como lo indica la Figura 1):}\par\pard\li3413\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\
ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\ri0\s
3413\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li3413\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Figura 1: Lineas de campo deformadas por un conductor}\par\pard
\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\
colw10840\colsr-0\colno2\colw320\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Autor: Bernardo O
rtega Moncada}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\p
gwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage

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hsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
\f0\charscalex100 {7. Todo punto de un conductor esta sometido a una misma difer
encia de potencial, es decir, que la diferencia}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-266\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de potencial en cualquier punto interno con resp
ecto a una referencia es constante}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*
\tx1040\fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4.}\tab \fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diel}\fs30
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ectricos}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li800\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx8693\*\tx8946\*\tx9600\fs20\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Anteriormente se vieron las caracter\uc1\u305Xsticas de un conductor y que
pasaba con el}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{y \uc1\u8710X}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
n su interior.}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ah
ora se pasa a analizar que pasa cuando en vez de tener vac\uc1\u305Xo, se obtiene
un material aislante, mejor conocido}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {como diel}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ectrico.}\par\pard\li8
00\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Como bien se dijo un diel}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ectrico es un
material aislador. Faraday descubri}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o que los materi
ales aisladores}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
ran afectados por los campos el}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ectricos a pesar de q
ue no pod\uc1\u305Xa haber conducci}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on. Para asegurar
esto, faraday}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se
baso en el siguiente hecho experimental:}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1. Cargaba u
n capacitor vac\uc1\u305Xo estableciendo una}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{\s
ub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {entre placas}\par\
pard\li733\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2. Retiraba la bater\uc
1\u305Xa y colocaba un aislante entre las placas (en todo el espacio entre placa
s)}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-226\slmult
0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3. Med\uc1\u305Xa el voltaje y; la diferencia de po
tencial entre placas siempre resulto menor que la diferencia de}\par\pard\li1013
\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {potencial de la pila}\par\pard\s
ect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\co
lw5920\colsr-0\colno2\colw5240\pard\li5026\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\margl
sxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li800\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \*\tx5053\*\tx5666\*\tx5946\*\tx
6466\*\tx8346\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Este fen}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ome
no ocurre ya que en el vaci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {o el}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {E}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neto}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {=}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ext}\tab
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {con lo cual: la \uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {V}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {pila}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, pero ahora cuando}\par
\pard\li466\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se introduce un mater
ial aislante, lo que ocurre en forma microsc}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opica es
que los }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atomos del material se}\par\pard\li466\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8220Xpolarizan\uc1\u8221X. Qu}\fs
20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e quiere decir esto?. Quiere decir que los }\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {atomos del material aislante inducen cargas en las}\par\pard\li4
66\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {paredes interiores del conduct
or, que son conocidas como \uc1\u8220XCargas de Polarizaci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {on\uc1\u8221X Estas cargas son siempre}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {super\uc1\u64257Xciales (}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u963X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)
salvo algunos casos que pueden ser volum}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etricas (}\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {p}}\fs22\

cf0\f0\charscalex100 {).}\par\pard\li5693\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \*\tx5720\*\tx6226\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dichas cargas generan un campo el}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {ectrico interno}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}{ }\fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {int}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tal que es de menor m}\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {odulo y sentido opuesto al}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\p
ghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols4\colno1\colw5173\colsr-0\colno2\colw853\c
olsr-0\colno3\colw720\colsr-0\colno4\colw4413\pard\li3800\ri0\sl-160\slmult0 \fs
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22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pg
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alex100 {, ya que}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
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s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ext}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {int}\par\pard\sect\sect
d\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw4440\c
olsr-0\colno2\colw6720\pard\li1293\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8722X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u8722X}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\m
argrsxn66\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \*\tx1320\*\tx1826\*\tx4453\*\tx4733\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {ext}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se lo simboliza con la letra}
\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {y se lo llam
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bknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw4426\cols
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uc1\u8722X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\
uc1\u8722X}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\marg
rsxn66\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \*\tx1320\*\tx4453\*\tx4720\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {El}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {int}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se lo simboliza con la letra}\tab \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {P}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {y se lo llama}{ }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Vector de Polarizaci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on}\par\pard
\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\
colw4533\colsr-0\colno2\colw6626\pard\li1293\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\mar
glsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \*\tx1320\*\tx1920\*\tx4546\*
\tx4813\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}{ }\fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {neto}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {se lo simboliza co
n la letra}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {y
se lo llama}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Campo El}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
ectrico}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsx
n66\cols2\colno1\colw4413\colsr-0\colno2\colw6746\pard\li3946\ri0\sl-280\slmult0
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s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {y}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {P}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tenemos que:}\par\pard\li1013\r
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\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{\super \fs22\up-3
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100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dS}\fs22\
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calex100 {\uc1\u8721X}{\sub \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
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harscalex100 {~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dS
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s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {polarizacion}\par\pard\
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s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{\super \fs22\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\{}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dS}\fs22
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0\charscalex100 {4.1.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Relaciones}\par\pard\li73
3\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \*\tx1013\*\tx1253\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.}\tab \fs22
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par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \*\tx1013\*\tx1253\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
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f0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u728X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u963X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {l}}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \*\tx1013\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {6.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u728X}{ }\fs22\cf0
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f0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\tx1306\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5.3.3.
}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Capacitor (C)}\par\column\pard\li1520\ri0\sl-2
00\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Facultad de Ingenier\uc1\u305Xa - 2do Cuat
rimestre 2010}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl
d\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Figura 4: Capacitor}\par\pard\li986\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li986\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li986\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}\par\pard\li400\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}
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2\colno1\colw5906\colsr-0\colno2\colw5253\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx1160\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5.4.}\t
ab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Energ\uc1\u305Xa de un Capacitor}\par\pard\li1466\
ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx2693\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Q}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \
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2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {\uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\chars
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*\tx2693\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx1160\fs24\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {5.5.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Potencia de una resistencia
}\par\pard\li2320\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{ }\fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {2}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
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par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \*\tx1160\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {5.6.}\tab
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Potencia de una pila}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-413\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {I}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {V}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-373\slm
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Leyes de Kirchho\uc1\u64256X}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1306\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {5.7.1.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Primera Ley de Kirc
hho\uc1\u64256X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {C}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn6
6\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Esta ley tambi}\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {en es llamada ley de nodos o primera ley de Kirchho\uc1\u6
4256X. En cualquier nodo, la suma de la}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {corriente que entra en ese nodo es igual a la suma de la
corriente que sale. De igual forma, La suma algebraica}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-28
0\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {de todas las corrientes que pasan por el n
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1X}\par\pard\li1360\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {k}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
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x100 {I}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0}\par\pa
rd\li1013\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {k}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {=1}\par\pard\li4280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4280\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li428
0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
pard\li4280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs1
8\cf0\par\pard\li4280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4280\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4280\ri0
\par\pard\li4280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4280\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
60\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Figura 5: Primera Ley de Kirchho\uc1\u642
56X}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-253\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Para el ejemplo de la Figura 5, dicha ley queda e
xpresada como:}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0
\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {I}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{ }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {+}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
3}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}{\su
b \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0}\par\pard\li141
3\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {Convenci}\ul0 \fs20\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100\ul {on:}\ul0 { }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Las corrientes entrantes
en el Nodo se las consideran positivas y las corrientes salientes}\par\pard\li1
013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {al mismo negativas}\par\pard\
sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\c
olw10840\colsr-0\colno2\colw320\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Autor: Bernardo Or
tega Moncada}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\
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}}}}
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tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Segunda Ley de Kirchho\uc1\u64256X}\par\column\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Facultad de Ingenier\uc1\u
26\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx3653\*\tx7026\*\tx7
226\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Esta ley es llamada tambi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {en}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ley de tensiones de Kirchho\uc1\u64256X}
\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ley de lazos d
e Kirchho\uc1\u64256X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {. En toda}\par\pard\li466\ri0\
sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {malla la suma de todas las ca\uc1\u305
Xdas de tensi}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on es igual a la tensi}\fs20\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {on total suministrada. De forma equivalente, En}\par\pard\li466\ri0\s
l-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {toda malla la suma algebraica de las d
iferencias de potencial el}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ectrico es igual a 0.}\par
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {\uc1\u8721X}\par\pard\li1360\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {k}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {+}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}{ }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {3}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 { }{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{ }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {n}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {= 0}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {k}\
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=1}\par\pard\li4266\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\

harscalex100 {Figura 6: Segunda Ley de Kirchho\uc1\u64256X}\par\pard\li800\ri0\s
x100 {Para el ejemplo de la Figura 6, dicha ley queda expresada como:}\par\pard\
li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx2760
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {1}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
V}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {= 0}\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx4600\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100\ul {Aclaraci}\ul0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {on:}\ul0 { }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {No se considera a}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\fs16\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {5}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ya que no forma parte de la mal
la que se esta analizando.}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx1040\
fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6.}\tab \fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Magnetost}\fs30\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {atica en el Vac\uc1\u305Xo}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx1160\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{6.1.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fuerza Magn}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
tica - Fuerza de Lorentz}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {F}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {q}{ }
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {q}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\par\
pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\col
no1\colw2533\colsr-0\colno2\colw8626\pard\li1480\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \*\tx1786\*\
tx2200\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {|}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\{z}\tab \f
s20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\}}\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {F}\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}\par\pard\li1600\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-200\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {| \{z \}}\par\pard\li133\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {F}\fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknon
e\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols3\colno1\colw1720\colsr-0\c
olno2\colw120\colsr-0\colno3\colw9320\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx1373\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\char
sl-200\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {c}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slm
ult0 \*\tx506\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dl}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\par\p
ard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li466
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx1306\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {6.1.1.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Momento Dipolar Mag
n}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etico}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-466\slmult0 \*\tx2026
\*\tx4640\*\tx4853\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=
}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {F}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{=}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8658X |}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {|}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {I}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}{ }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sen}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {F}\par\pard\li2973\ri0\sl-160\slmult0 \*\tx3253\*\tx3640\fs22\cf0\

f0\charscalex100 {|}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\{z}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {\}}\par\pard\li3253\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M}\
par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {|}\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {~}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {|}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= M}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {odulo del torque de la fuerza magn}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {etica}\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S
}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= Super\uc1\u64257Xcie de la espira}\par\pard\li
1413\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {= Cantidad de vueltas de la espira}\par\pard\li1413\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\t
x2000\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sen(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {F}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) = El seno del angulo for
mado por la distancia y la fuerza magn}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etica}\par\par
d\li1413\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Momento Dipolar Magn}\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {etico}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\
sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx1160\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {6.2.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {Ley de Biot - Savart}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16
826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw2573\colsr-0\colno2\colw8586\pard\li
0\charscalex100 {B}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {(}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}{\super \fs22\
up1\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {0}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-426\slmult0 \*\tx506\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dl}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}{\sub \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {)}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666
\margrsxn66\cols3\colno1\colw2133\colsr-0\colno2\colw773\colsr-0\colno3\colw8253
\pard\li1720\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4}\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u960X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {cable}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {|}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {|}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn1189
3\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw10733\colsr-0\colno2\colw4
26\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx2440\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{\sub \fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 4}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {\uc1\u960X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{10}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7}\tab \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[}{ }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {T m}\ul0 {\sub \f
s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {]}\par\pard\li466\ri0\s
l-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4
66\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Autor: Bernardo Ortega Moncada
}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmul
t0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-2
66\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {10}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn118
93\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage

7;32768}}
7;32768}}

7;32768}}
7;32768}}
7;32768}}

7;32768}}
7;32768}}

7;32768}}
7;32768}}

7;32768}}
tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ley de Amper}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-293\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\par\pard\li1306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\
tx1893\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dl}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~
}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{\sub \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {0}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8721X}{\sub \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {I}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concatenadas}\par\pard\li1133\r
i0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmul
00 {7.}\tab \fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Materiales Ferromagn}\fs30\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {eticos}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\s
l-293\slmult0 \*\tx1160\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7.1.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {Vector Campo Magn}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etico}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {(}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\par\pard\li1306\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \*\tx1560\*\tx1906\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dl}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8721X}{\sub \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concatenadas}\par\pard\l
i1133\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-21

3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx1160\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {7.2.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Vector de Magnetizaci}\fs24\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {on}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{M}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\li1
013\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\par\pard\li1306\
ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx1600\*\tx1946\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M}\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{dl}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8721X}{\sub \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}}\fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {magnetizacion}\par\pard\li1133\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0
\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx1160\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7.3.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {Vector de Inducci}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on Magn}\fs24\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {etica}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}
\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\li1013\
ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\par\pard\li1306\ri0\
sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx1893\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dl}\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8721
X}{\sub \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {concat}{\supe
r \fs22\up0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8721X}{\s
ub \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {magnet}\par\pard\l
i1133\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-21
scalex100 {7.4.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Relaciones}\par\pard\li1013\ri0
\sl-426\slmult0 \*\tx1253\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {0}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {r}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\
sl-493\slmult0 \*\tx1253\*\tx2240\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}{\super \fs22\up0\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {H}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {+}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {M}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\par\pard\li
466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx1160\fs2
4\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {7.5.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Energ\uc1\u305Xa de
l campo magn}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etico}\par\pard\li1506\ri0\sl-440\slmult
0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {y}\par\column\par
d\li0\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Facultad de Ingenier\uc1\u30
\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols4\colno1\colw1506\colsr-0\colno2\colw266\colsr-0\col
no3\colw320\colsr-0\colno4\colw9066\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {U}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-20
0\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0
\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {B}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{H dV}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn
66\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\
tx1040\fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {8.}\tab \fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Flujo del
Campo Magn}\fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etico}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-586\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u934X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{\super \fs22\up-3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {x}}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {B}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ds}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\par\pard\li166
6\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\sl
mult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx1160\fs24\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {8.1.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ley de Hopkinson - Reluctancia}\par
\pard\li2000\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {l}\fs16\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {i}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\mar
grsxn66\cols3\colno1\colw1546\colsr-0\colno2\colw1120\colsr-0\colno3\colw8493\pa
rd\li1013\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {<}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {i}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\sl
mult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {ri}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {\uc1\u8594X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Reluctancia}\par\pard\l
i1173\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1173\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {N}\par\pard\li1093\ri0\sl-160\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {\uc1\u8721X}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666
\colsr-0\colno4\colw426\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \*\tx2826\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {\uc1\u934X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 { <}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {total}{\super \fs22\up0\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {=}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {I}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {,}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {<}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {total}{\super \fs22\up0\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {=}}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl
-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li46
6\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Autor: Bernardo Ortega Moncada}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-160\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}
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0\f0\charscalex100 {11.}\tab \fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bobinados - Inductancia
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ult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Figura 7: Con\uc1\u64257Xguraci}\fs18\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {on Aditiva}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4
pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Autor: Bernardo Ortega Moncada}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl
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}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ef}}\par\pard\l
i53\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8730X}\par\pard\sect\se
\colsr-0\colno2\colw6760\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {I}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {t}\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {) =}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {m
ax}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Sen(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u969Xt}{
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u981X}\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) ,}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {max}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \
13.1.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fasores}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-426\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {V}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {max}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{e}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u969Xt}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\li1
013\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {max}}\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u969Xt}\fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {+}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u981X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}
*\tx1293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13.2.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {React
ancias}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Reactanci
a Resistencia:}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmu
lt0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Rea
ctancia Inductiva:}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u969XL}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{L}}\par\pard\li3480\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\par\pard
\li1013\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \*\tx3773\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Reactancia Capac
itiva :}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {X}{\su
b \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {2}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {ef}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn
66\cols3\colno1\colw2733\colsr-0\colno2\colw560\colsr-0\colno3\colw7866\pard\li4
66\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \*\tx1293\fs24
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13.3.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Impedancia}\par\pa
rd\li2000\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\
sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx2160\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Z}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{ }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u969XL}{ }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li1973\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i\uc1\u981X}\par\
column\pard\li106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li106\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u969XC}\par\column\pard\li80\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u969XC}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\
par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {R}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i
}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {X}\fs16\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {L}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pa
rd\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno
1\colw2226\colsr-0\colno2\colw8933\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Z}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
|}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Z}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {| }{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {e}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx1173\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {,}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u981X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {tg}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u872
2X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\tab \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {X}\ul0 {\su
b \fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {L}\ul0 }\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {\uc1\u87
22X}\ul0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {X}\ul0 {\sub \fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100\
ul {C}\ul0 }\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\mar
grsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw10733\colsr-0\colno2\colw426\pard\li3653\ri0\sl-146\slm
ult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\
par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Autor: Bernardo Or
tega Moncada}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {13}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsx
n66\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage

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f0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx1293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13.4.}
\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Segunda ley de Kirchho\uc1\u64256X}\par\column\
pard\li0\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Facultad de Ingenier\uc1\
u305Xa - 2do Cuatrimestre 2010}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16
826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols8\colno1\colw2986\colsr-0\colno2\colw333\colsr-0\
colno3\colw1146\colsr-0\colno4\colw826\colsr-0\colno5\colw746\colsr-0\colno6\col
w560\colsr-0\colno7\colw133\colsr-0\colno8\colw4426\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{ }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {\uc1\u969XL}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {I}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\
0\charscalex100 {13.5.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Propiedades}\par\pard\li
733\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx1013\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {I}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{\super \fs22\up4\cf0\f0\char
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\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {|}\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ef}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{|}\par\column\pard\li106\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}\par
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f0\f0\charscalex100 {}{\sub \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {=}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8658X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V
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t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {|}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f
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20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\char
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18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {|}\par\column
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100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\pard\li186\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li186\ri0
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t0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Z}\par\column\pard\li106\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22

\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {\uc1\u969XC}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0
\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\
sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8658X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Z}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16
826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols4\colno1\colw1813\colsr-0\colno2\colw453\colsr-0\
colno3\colw1226\colsr-0\colno4\colw7666\pard\li733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx1013\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {|}\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {I}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ef}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{|}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {|}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Z}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {|}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {|}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\char
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par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {|}\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Z}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {|}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pg
wsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li733\ri0\sl-426\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3. arg(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Z}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {) =}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u981X}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-44
0\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4. arg(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {I}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) =}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u969Xt}{ }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u981X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {,}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u981X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {arg(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Z}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\
li733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {5. arg(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {) =}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u969Xt}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx1293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {13.6.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Diagrama Fasorial}\par\pard\li466\r
i0\sl-426\slmult0 \*\tx1293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13.7.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {Resonancia}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {La resonancia se da cuando la parte imaginaria de la impedancia es nula,
es decir:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\marg
rsxn66\cols5\colno1\colw4906\colsr-0\colno2\colw746\colsr-0\colno3\colw400\colsr
-0\colno4\colw173\colsr-0\colno5\colw4933\pard\li800\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Im(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Z}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{) = 0 esto se da si y solo si}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Z}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {R}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{+}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u969XL}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-160\slmult0 \*\tx520\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {|}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\{z}\par\column\pard\li106\ri
0\sl-160\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u969XC}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
lt0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {por lo tanto}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {X}{\sub \fs16
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {L}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsx
n11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw5426\colsr-0\colno2\c
olw5733\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-400\slmult
0 \*\tx1426\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13.7.1.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Frecuencia de resonancia}\par\pard\li1760\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {1}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\tx2186\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1

00 {\uc1\u969X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {\uc1\u8730X}\ul0 \tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {\uc1\u8594X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {or
mula de \uc1\u8220XThompson\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li1733\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {LC}\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u969X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}}\par\column\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-146\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=0}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pg
wsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw1680\colsr-0\colno
2\colw9480\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{\sub \f
s16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {res}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\column\pard\li
0\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\
uc1\u960X}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margr
sxn66\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-253\slmult0
\*\tx1426\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {13.7.2.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fr
ecuencia de media potencia}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\
marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols5\colno1\colw1573\colsr-0\colno2\colw746\colsr-0\coln
o3\colw493\colsr-0\colno4\colw160\colsr-0\colno5\colw8186\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{R}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\pa
r\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\par\pard\li1
60\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u969XL}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\column\pard\li106\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
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66\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Autor: Bernardo Ortega Moncada}\par\colum
n\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
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xn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage










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f0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\tx1200\fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14.}\t
ab \fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Las Ecuaciones de Maxwell}\par\column\pard\li0\ri
0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Facultad de Ingenier\uc1\u305Xa - 2d
o Cuatrimestre 2010}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsx
n666\margrsxn66\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-26
6\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Las ecuaciones del fen}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {omeno electromagn}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etico de Maxwell son cuatro
, que se expresan en forma integral y}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {diferencial.}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsx
n16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw6706\colsr-0\colno2\colw4453\pard
0\par\pard\li4026\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Forma Integral}
\par\pard\li3720\ri0\sl-520\slmult0 \*\tx4266\*\tx4653\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{\{}{\sub \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ds}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
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100 {y}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u961X dV}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-21
l-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Forma Diferencial}\par\pard\li386\ri0\
sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx733\*\tx973\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8711X }\fs22\cf0
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00 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u96
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22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dl}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{\super \fs22\up-3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {x}}\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {J}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
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f0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{\super \fs22\up5\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {d}}\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {x}{\sub \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {D}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
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arscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {H}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}
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olumn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}\par\column\pard
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sl-186\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-200\slm
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lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {y recordar las propiedades de la electrost}\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atica y magnetost}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atica en m
edios materiales:}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li733\ri
0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx1013\*\tx1253\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.}\tab \fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {D}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u949X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{0}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\par\pard\li733
\ri0\sl-440\slmult0 \*\tx1013\*\tx1253\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\tab \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {H}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {y a
plicando la siguiente identidad matem}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atica:}\par\par
\*\tx1586\*\tx2040\*\tx2400\*\tx2986\*\tx3320\*\tx3666\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{1.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8711X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}
\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8711X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8711X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8711X }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X \uc1\u8711X}{\super \fs16\up2\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {2}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\par\pard\li
800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {nos da como resultado las siguientes ecuaciones diferenciales:}\p
ar\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\
tx1426\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14.1.1.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Ecuac
i}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de onda para el Campo El}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {ectrico}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-586\slmult0 \*\tx1520\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {\uc1\u8711X}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {E}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u949X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1
\u8706X}{\super \fs16\up7\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {E
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16
826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li2253\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {\uc1\u8706Xt}{\super \fs16\up2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li466\ri
0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\tx1426\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14.1.2.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {Ecuaci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de onda para el Campo Magn}\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {etico}\par\pard\li2200\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8706X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}{\sub \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {B}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn
lw8906\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx1520\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\
u8711X}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {~}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {\uc1\u949X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8706Xt}{\super \fs16\up2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\
par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2
\colno1\colw10733\colsr-0\colno2\colw426\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx1293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {14.2.}\t
ab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La velocidad de la luz}\par\pard\li1693\ri0\sl-20
0\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {v}{\super \fs16\up3\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {=}\par\pard\li1533\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {\uc1\u949X}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{
\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {0}}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Autor: Bernardo O
rtega Moncada}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0
pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15}\par\pard\sect\sectd\
sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage
7;32768}}

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f0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\tx1200\fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15.}\t
ab \fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transmisi}\fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de Calor}
\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Facultad de
Ingenier\uc1\u305Xa - 2do Cuatrimestre 2010}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11
893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li800\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Partiendo de la ecu
aci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de la transmisi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on
de calor: \uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Cm}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8710X}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {. La transmisi}\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {on de calor, se produce de}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dos formas distintas. Dichas formas son:}\par\pard\
\f0\charscalex100 {Transmisi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de calor por Conducci}
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transmisi}\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {on de calor por Convecci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on}\par\par
d\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {Transmisi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de calor por Radiac
i}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li466\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\tx1293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15.1.}\tab \
fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transmisi}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de calor por
Conducci}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {olo se da en los materiales s}
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {olidos ya que no hay transferencia de materia.}\par\
pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\col
no1\colw1400\colsr-0\colno2\colw9760\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {\uc1\u948XQ}\par\pard\li1080\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {\uc1\u948Xt}\par\column\pard\li986\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\c

harscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {\uc1\u8594X}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
\uc1\u955X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}{ }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8711X}\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {T}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn
666\margrsxn66\pard\li800\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {conside
rando:}\par\pard\li1040\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u948
XQ}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\c
ols3\colno1\colw1080\colsr-0\colno2\colw320\colsr-0\colno3\colw9760\pard\li733\r
i0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1.}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-346
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u948Xt}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-200
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cte}{ }\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ya que se trabaja en r}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {egime
n permanente}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\ma
rgrsxn66\pard\li733\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \*\tx1013\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\
tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u955X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {: Coe\uc1
\u64257Xciente de conducci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on, que es propia del mate
rial}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-226\slmu
lt0 \*\tx1013\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {: La super\uc1\u64257Xcie en donde se eval}\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {ua}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {\uc1\u8722X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-2
13\slmult0 \*\tx1013\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {\uc1\u8711X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {: Grad
iente de temperatura, esta orientado en sentido decreciente de la temperatura}\p
ar\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\
tx1293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {15.2.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Transmi
si}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de calor por Convecci}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{on}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tiene lugar
en los \uc1\u64258Xuidos ya que hay desplazamiento de la materia}\par\pard\li104
harscalex100 {\uc1\u948XQ}\par\pard\li1400\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}}
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\li1080\ri0
\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u948Xt}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {considerando:}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx1013\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {1.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {h}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {: Coe
\uc1\u64257Xciente de convecci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on, que es propia del
material}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-240\
slmult0 \*\tx1013\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{S}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {: La super\uc1\u64257Xcie en donde se eval}\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {ua}\par\pard\li733\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li
733\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {3. (}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u872
2X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}}\fs22\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {): Siempre positivo ya que va desde la temperatura}{ }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Caliente}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a la}{ }\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {Fr}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u305Xa}\par\pard\li466\ri0
0\charscalex100 {15.3.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Balance neto por calor r
ecibido y emitido (Radiaci}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on)}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\s
l-453\slmult0 \*\tx2746\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u963X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u949X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal

ex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {C}}\fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {4}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {F}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {4}{\sub \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmul
00 {16.}\tab \fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Termodin}\fs30\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ami
ca}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-280\slmult
0 \*\tx1293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {16.1.}\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Pr
imer Principio de la Termodin}\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {amica}\par\pard\li800\r
i0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Tambi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
n conocida como principio de conservaci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de la ener
g\uc1\u305Xa para la termodin}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {amica \uc1\u8212X en rea
lidad el}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {primer p
rincipio dice m}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {as que una ley de conservaci}\fs20\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {on, establece que si se realiza trabajo sobre un sistema o}\p
ar\pard\li466\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {bien }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {este intercambia calor con otro, la energ\uc1\u305Xa interna del si
stema cambiar}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a.}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dicha ley de conservaci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on
se expresa de la siguiente manera:}\par\pard\li6973\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf
0\par\pard\li6973\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \*\tx7186\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u
8747X}\tab \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{\sub \fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\p
ar\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols3\
colno1\colw7093\colsr-0\colno2\colw333\colsr-0\colno3\colw3733\pard\li1013\ri0\s
l-253\slmult0 \*\tx3346\*\tx5173\*\tx6253\*\tx6746\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}
{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= \uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {U}{ }\f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {, con: \uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {U}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) =}{ }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {nC}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {\uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mC}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}}\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {y}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {=}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{\sub \fs12\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}}\par\c
olumn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\
charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dV}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pg
wsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {En esta materia ademas se va a estudiar las 4}{ }\fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {evoluciones politr}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {opicas}{ }\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {que pueden llegar a surgir. Dichas}\par\pard\li466\ri0\s
l-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {evoluciones son:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\
sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw10733\co
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7;32768}}

\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Evoluci}\fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on Isoc}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {orica}\par\pard\li1013
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {Evoluci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on Isob}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {arica}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-22
6\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Evoluci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on Isot}
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ermica}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0
\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Evoluci}\fs22\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {on Adiab}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {atica}\par\pard\li466\ri0
0\charscalex100 {16.1.1.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Evoluci}\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {on Isoc}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {orica}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Facultad de Ingenier\uc1\u305Xa - 2do C
uatrimestre 2010}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn66
6\margrsxn66\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx6440\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Es una evoluci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on que se produce a Volumen Constante
(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {cte}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\
slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx1306\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {W}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slm
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \*\tx2506\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {\uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {U}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nC}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{ }\fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {mC}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}{ }\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\par\pard\l
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arscalex100 {U}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\s
l-360\slmult0 \*\tx1426\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {16.1.2.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Evoluci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on Isob}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{arica}\par\pard\li4480\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4480\ri0\sl-213
ar\pard\li4480\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Figura 10: Evoluci}

\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on Isob}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {arica}\par\pard\l
i800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-333\slmult0 \*\tx6306\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Es una evoluci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on que se pro
duce a Presi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on Constante (}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {P}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cte}\fs22
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li1013\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \*\tx1306\*\tx2240\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}\tab \
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {P}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\fs1
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{)}\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1013\ri0\sl-240\slm
ult0 \*\tx2506\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{U}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nC}{\sub \fs
16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {T}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{mC}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {V}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8710
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scalex100 {U}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {+}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}\
par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*
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ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Figura 11: Evoluci}\fs18\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {on Isot}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ermica}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-21
scalex100 {Es una evoluci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on que se produce a Tempera
tura Constante (}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {cte}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}\par\pard\sec
1533\colsr-0\colno2\colw493\colsr-0\colno3\colw640\colsr-0\colno4\colw8493\pard\
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i0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {nRT}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dV}\par\pard\li53\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {V}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\margl
sxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw10733\colsr-0\colno2\colw426\pard\li466\ri0\s
x100 {Autor: Bernardo Ortega Moncada}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs
18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {17}\par\pard\
sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\sect\sect
d\sbkpage

7;32768}}
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f0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx1293\fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {16.3.}
\tab \fs24\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Segundo Principio de la Termodin}\fs24\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {amica}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\tx1426\fs22\cf0\f0\char

scalex100 {16.3.1.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Maquinas T}\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {ermicas}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {Facultad de Ingenier\uc1\u305Xa - 2do Cuatrimestre 2010}\par\pard\sect\sect
d\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Una m}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aquina t}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ermica tiene como objetivo entregar trabajo, absorbiendo
calor de una fuente caliente, y a}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {su vez entregando calor a una fuente fr\uc1\u305Xa}\par\pard\li
l-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Figura 13: M}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{aquina T}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {ermica}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El rendi
miento de una m}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aquina t}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {e
rmica reversible se calcula como:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsx
n16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols5\colno1\colw893\colsr-0\colno2\colw946\colsr0\colno3\colw253\colsr-0\colno4\colw346\colsr-0\colno5\colw8720\pard\li466\ri0\s
x100 {\uc1\u951X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-21
3\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {
Bene\uc1\u64257Xcio}\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-346\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Costo}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-3
33\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\column\pard\li13\ri0\sl-213\slmult
0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}\par\
pard\li0\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscale
x100 {c}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-38
6\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {<}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\par\pa
0\f0\charscalex100 {16.3.2.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Maquinas Frigor}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u305X\uc1\u64257Xcas}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Una m}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aquina frigor\u
c1\u305X\uc1\u64257Xca tiene como objetivo entregar calor de una fuente fr\uc1\u3
05Xa a una caliente, absorbiendo}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {trabajo}\par\pard\li4480\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
par\pard\li4480\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4480\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4480\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Fi
gura 14: M}\fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aquina Frigor\uc1\u305X\uc1\u64257Xca}\par\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La e\uc1\u64257Xciencia de una m}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{aquina frigor\uc1\u305X\uc1\u64257Xca reversible se calcula como:}\par\pard\sec
880\colsr-0\colno2\colw946\colsr-0\colno3\colw253\colsr-0\colno4\colw360\colsr-0
\colno5\colw8720\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-3
73\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u949X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{=}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-173\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Bene\uc1\u64257Xcio}\par\pard\li160\ri0\sl-346\
slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Costo}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult

0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\c
olumn\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {f}}\par\pard\li26\ri
0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\s
lmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {<}{
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn1
6826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li4
66\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx1426\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {16.3.3.}\tab \fs22\cf
0\f0\charscalex100 {Enunciado de Clausius}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \*\
tx10080\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El enunciado de Clausius dice lo siguiente: \
uc1\u8220XNo es posible ning}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un proceso c\uc1\u305Xcli
co cuyo}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {UNICO}\ul0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {resultado}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {sea la extracci}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de calo
r de una fuente a una cierta temperatura y que otra fuente a mayor temperatura}\
par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {absorba la misma c
antidad de calor.\uc1\u8221X}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li466\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx1426\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {16.3.4.}\tab \f
s22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Enunciado de Kelvin}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmult0
\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El enunciado de Kelvin dice lo siguiente: \uc1\u822
0XNo existe ning}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un dispositivo que, operando por cic
los, absorba}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {calo
r de una }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {unica fuente (E.absorbida), y lo convierta \
uc1\u305Xntegramente en trabajo (E.}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {util).\uc1\u8221X
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\col
s2\colno1\colw10733\colsr-0\colno2\colw426\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\c
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Autor: Bernardo Ortega Moncada}\par\column\
cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {19}\par\pard\sec
t\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\sect\sectd\s
bkpage
{\*\shpinst

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00514514005145140051451400514514005145140051451400514514005145140051451400514514
00514514005145140051451400514514005145140051451400514514005145140051451400514514
00514514005145140051451400514514005145140051451401FFD9}
}}}}





f0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-373\slmult0 \*\tx1426\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {16.3.5
.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Enunciado de Kelvin - Planck}\par\column\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Facultad de Ingenier\uc1\u305
Xa - 2do Cuatrimestre 2010}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\
marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li800\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx10106\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {El enunciado de Kelvin - Planck dice lo siguiente: \uc1\u8220XNo es p
osible ning}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {un proceso c\uc1\u305Xclico cuyo}\tab \fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {UNICO}\ul0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {}\par\pard\li46
6\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {resultado sea la extracci}\fs20\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de calor de una fuente a una cierta temperatura y la pr
oducci}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on equivalente de}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\s
lmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {trabajo}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \f
s18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \*\tx1426\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1
6.3.6.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Teorema de Carnot}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl
-440\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El ciclo de Carnot se produce cuando un
a m}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {aquina trabaja absorbiendo una cantidad de calor}
{ }\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs20\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {de la}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx4840\fs20\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {fuente de alta temperatura y cede un calor}\tab \fs20\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
la de baja temperatura produciendo un trabajo sobre el}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-2
53\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {exterior, como lo indica la}{ }\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {Figura 15}\par\pard\li4480\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li4480\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Figura 15: M}\fs18\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {aquina de Carnot}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\p
ar\pard\li800\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {El rendimiento vien
e de\uc1\u64257Xnido, como en todo ciclo, por:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgws
xn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols11\colno1\colw1733\colsr-0\colno2
\colw560\colsr-0\colno3\colw266\colsr-0\colno4\colw880\colsr-0\colno5\colw626\co
lsr-0\colno6\colw293\colsr-0\colno7\colw440\colsr-0\colno8\colw346\colsr-0\colno
9\colw253\colsr-0\colno10\colw320\colsr-0\colno11\colw5440\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{\uc1\u951X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {carnot}{\super \fs22\up0\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {=}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {W}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {util}\par\
pard\li106\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\c

harscalex100 {1}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\
ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q
}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{
}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li
266\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {1}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 1}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\
u8722X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253
\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {1}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, si:}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Q}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\par\column\pard\li
sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2
}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard
\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {entonces:}\par\pard\sect\sec
td\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw2106\
colsr-0\colno2\colw9053\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u951X}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {carnot}{\super \fs22\up0\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {= 1}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}\par\column\pard\li
scalex100 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-293\slmul
t0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}\par\pard\sect\se
ctd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \*\tx1426\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {16.3.7.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Teorema de Clausius}\par\pard
\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {De la relacion del teorema
de Carnot, tenemos que:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\ma
rglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols9\colno1\colw1186\colsr-0\colno2\colw266\colsr-0\colno3
\colw320\colsr-0\colno4\colw3373\colsr-0\colno5\colw360\colsr-0\colno6\colw266\c
olsr-0\colno7\colw373\colsr-0\colno8\colw1253\colsr-0\colno9\colw3760\pard\li826
\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li826\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\cha
rscalex100 {Q}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\par\pard\li826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \
fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs14\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\par\column\pa
\charscalex100 {=}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0
\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {2}}\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par
\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {entonces despejando ten
emos que:}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\
par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\l
i0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
{Q}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\par\pard\li26\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22
\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\par\column\pard\l
rscalex100 {por lo tanto}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\p
ard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \*\tx946\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs16\cf0
\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{\super \fs22\up3\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca

lex100 {= 0 entonces el teorema de}\par\pard\li13\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {1}}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {2}}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11
893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li466\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Clausius dice que en todo proceso cuyo ciclo es reversible:}\pa
r\pard\li893\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li893\ri0\sl-186\slmult0 \fs1
6\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {N}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\m
arglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw1693\colsr-0\colno2\colw9466\pard\li800\r
i0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8721X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charsc
alex100 {\uc1\u8710X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Q}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {i}}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0.
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\col
s2\colno1\colw1293\colsr-0\colno2\colw9866\pard\li826\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs16\c
f0\f0\charscalex100 {i}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=1}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-226\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}{\sub \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {i}
}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\par
\f0\charscalex100 {Esta de\uc1\u64257Xnici}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on la pode
mos extender utilizando in\uc1\u64257Xnitos \uc1\u8220Xminiciclos\uc1\u8221X o l
lam}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {andolos de un modo m}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a
s}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {matem}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {atico a \uc1\u8220Xciclos diferenciales\uc1\u8221X con lo cual
la expresi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on del teorema de Clausius queda expresad
o como:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsx
n66\cols4\colno1\colw933\colsr-0\colno2\colw613\colsr-0\colno3\colw1120\colsr-0\
colno4\colw8493\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-16
0\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-21
l-346\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {camino}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213
\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-253\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\
uc1\u948XQ}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reversible}\par\pard\li440\ri0\sl-266\slm
ult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18
\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-320\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {= 0}\par\pard\s
\charscalex100 {16.3.8.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Entrop}\fs22\cf0\f0\char
scalex100 {\uc1\u305Xa para procesos reversibles}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-413\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Al tomar el teorema de Clausius partiendo del ca
lor que no es una funci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de estado, por lo cual lle
va un}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {diferencial
inexacto dividi}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {endolo por la temperatura, de\uc1\u6
4257Xnimos una nueva funci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on que esta vez si es de e
stado,}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {a la que d
enominamos como \uc1\u8220X}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Entrop}\fs22\cf0\f0\chars
calex100 {\uc1\u305Xa S}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8221X, cuya expresi}\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on es la siguiente:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn
11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols2\colno1\colw10733\colsr-0\colno2\c
olw426\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0
\fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-360\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Autor:
Bernardo Ortega Moncada}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
\charscalex100 {20}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn
666\margrsxn66\pard\sect\sectd\sbkpage

7;32768}}

ult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li1386\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\u
c1\u948XQ}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {reversible}\par\pard\li800\ri0\sl-200\slmu
lt0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {dS}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}\par\pard\li
1813\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\s
l-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Facultad de Ingenier\uc1\u305Xa - 2do C
uatrimestre 2010}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn66
6\margrsxn66\pard\li800\ri0\sl-386\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Se dice q
ue la Entrop\uc1\u305Xa es una funci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de estado, ya
que no depende del camino elegido, es decir:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn
lw1120\colsr-0\colno3\colw8813\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\
li800\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \*\tx1026\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\tab \
fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}\par\pard\li933\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa
rd\li933\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}\par\column\pard\li0\r
i0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-306\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {\uc1\u948XQ}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {reversible}\ul0 \par\pard\li4
40\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0
\sl-213\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {=}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}\
fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {)}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {S}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}\fs22\cf0\f0\ch
arscalex100 {)}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\
margrsxn66\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-280\slm
ult0 \*\tx1426\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {16.3.9.}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex10
0 {Entrop}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u305Xa para procesos irreversibles}\pa
r\pard\li800\ri0\sl-400\slmult0 \*\tx7520\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {La entrop\uc
1\u305Xa para procesos irreversibles se calcula por medio de la}\tab \fs22\cf0\f
0\charscalex100 {Desigualdad de Clausius}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {, dicha}\pa
r\pard\li466\ri0\sl-280\slmult0 \fs20\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {desigualdad consta d
e calcular la Entrop\uc1\u305Xa en un proceso irreversible conociendo los l\uc1\u3
05Xmites por medio de}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex
100 {un proceso (camino) reversible, es decir:}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgws
xn11893\pghsxn16826\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\cols3\colno1\colw1226\colsr-0\colno2\
colw1293\colsr-0\colno3\colw8640\pard\li800\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\par
\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8747X}\tab \fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}\par\
cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}\par\column\pard\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pa

\charscalex100 {\uc1\u948XQ}\fs16\cf0\f0\charscalex100\ul {irreversible}\ul0 \pa
r\pard\li506\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {T}\par\column\pard\l
rd\li0\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li0\ri0\sl-266\slmult0 \*\tx2320\fs
22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {< S}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscal
ex100 {B}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {)}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8
722X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {S}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0
\charscalex100 {A}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {), donde}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charsca
lex100 {S}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {B}\fs22\cf0\
f0\charscalex100 {)}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\uc1\u8722X}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\c
harscalex100 {S}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {(}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {A}\fs2
2\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {) es la variaci}\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {on de Entrop\u
c1\u305Xa hecha por un camino}\par\pard\sect\sectd\sbknone\pgwsxn11893\pghsxn168
26\marglsxn666\margrsxn66\pard\li466\ri0\sl-200\slmult0 \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex1
00 {reversible}\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\s
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0\charscalex100 {-}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {Dr. Guillermo Santiago y Dra.}
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r\pard\li466\ri0\sl-213\slmult0 \fs18\cf0\par\pard\li466\ri0\sl-240\slmult0 \*\t
x800\*\tx6000\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {[4]}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {\u
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mica\uc1\u8221X}\tab \fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100 {-}{ }\fs22\cf0\f0\charscalex100
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Resumen de Formulas de Fisica II

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