Name ___TIERNEY SMITH___________________________________

(Circle your class)

Art 100-01 10:00 am. Class
Final Exam Fall 2013 Art 100-01 and Art 101-81 - 132 pts. total
Guidelines:
Go to blackboard under Assignments and find Final Exam. Open it in your computer and type your
answers under each question. Note that some questions have multiple parts. Answer all parts of the
question to get the full amount of points credit. Art 101-81, last day to please turn in collage materials
envelops when the class meets on Dec. 11th at 11:30 am. Art 100-01 will meet Dec. 9th at 10:00 am.
At that time you can either hand in a hard copy of your completed test and/or post it on bb.
I. Chapter 4 Drawing
1. In what 2 ways does drawing from observation help people? 2 pts.
Drawing from observation helps your memory and also helps you pay close attention when you are
observing. .
2. What are the 3 purposes of drawing? 3 pts.
1. A notation,sketch,or record of something seen, remembered, or imagined.
2.As a study or preparation for another, usually larger and more complex work.
3. As an end in itself, a complete work of art.
3. Regarding Tools and Techniques, what does hatching mean? Identify an artwork that shows the
hatching technique title only - and describe how the artist uses it. 3 pts.
Hatching- creating depth, shadow, and values to a work through drawing close parallel lines of varying
differences. Preacher is a good example of how hatching achieves this depth. The closer the lines, the
darker the area appears, the farther the lines, the more highlight is shown. Whites hatching technique in
this work create a roundness to the figure, and also highlight his facial features adding a light source to the
work.
4. What does tooth mean in referring to a drawing paper? 1 pt. Tooth refers to the texture of the paper.
An example would be Michallet paper.
5. Name an artwork in the Drawing chapter that is executed on toothy paper. 1 pt. LEcho is an example
of a work created on toothy paper.
6. Types of Media what are the 3 types of dry drawing media, including an example from the textbook of
each medium provide title only for the example 6 pts. total
1. Charcoal Banana Flower.
2. Pastels- Portrait of a Girl with a Bussola.
3. Conte Crayon-LEcho.
7. What are the 2 types of liquid drawing media, including an example from the textbook of a work in 1 of
these mediums provide title only. 4 pts. Total
1. Pen and Ink- Fountain in the Hospital Garden.
2. Brush and Ink
8. What is a wash? 1 pt.
A wash is a watered down ink applied with a brush, and are very similar to watercolor paintings.
9. What is a sequential art form that is based on drawing called? 1 pt.
A Comic.
Contemporary Approaches

10. What does contemporary approaches mean in relation to uses of drawing? Name 2 new approaches.
2 pts.
Contemporary approaches are referring to the non-traditional charcoal, ink, pencil, or crayon on a
piece of paper.
1. The first contemporary approach is the combination of both ink and other media. An example
would be adding an ink drawing into a collage, or adding paint and colored paper to a drawing
work of art. Back to Gondwanaland is an example of this.
2. Drawing may also be done through the use of computer softwares and computer tablet
programs and applications which allow one to draw directly onto a screen and change the color
of the line, thickness of the line, texture of the line, etc. Many graphic designers and fashion
designers use these programs to sketch out their ideas.
11. Identify the title only of works by the artists listed below and then describe the type of contemporary
approaches found in the works by these artists. 3 pts. each = 9 pts. total
Julie Mehretu Back to Gondwanaland. She uses acrylic and colored paper cut outs in combination
with her ink drawing to create this work.
Christine Hiebert- Wall Drawing. She created her drawing by using blue painters tape directly on
the wall.
Barry McGee- Untitled. He uses pens bought in a drug store, and did his doodle-drawings on
recycled paper in a frame that he found in a dumpster. This shows that true artists can create works of art
on literally anything they can find, and you do not need to be a millionaire to create a piece of art.
II. Chapter 5 Painting
12. Ingredients and Surfaces Name what the 3 ingredients in paints are called, and describe what they
contribute to the final product, paint. 6 pts. total
1.Pigment
2.Binder
3.Vehicle
13. What is the definition of a support? Name 3 types of supports. 4 pts.
A support is the structure to hold a painted work of art.
Examples are wood panels, stretched canvas, and paper.
14. Although Fig. 5.1 is a nonrepresentational, or pure abstract painting - what is expressed in it that
reminds you of something you can identify from real life? 1 pt.
I identify a landscape. There is a blue sky. Up close in the foreground, the green and blue bold brush
strokes remind me of a first person point of view of a small creature, perhaps a bunny, peeking through the
grasses. There is also a greenish/bluish/brownish horizontal stroke which reminds me of a distant hill of
grass or dirt.
15. What are the 6 kinds of painting materials? 6 pts.
Watercolor
Tempera
Oil
Acrylic
Encaustic
Fresco
And Gouache
16. What is the particular mixture that makes watercolor paint? 3 pts.
Pigment
Water ( vehicle )
And Gum Arabic ( binder )

17. What particular type of support is used in watercolor painting and why? 2 pts.
Rag Paper is the main support of watercolor paintings, because of the way that the rag paper maintains its
shape without crinkling, it doesnt bleed like regular paper or canvas, its superior absorbancy,and it
maintains its white color.
18. What kind of process do we call watercolor? Describe how the watercolor process is applied. 3 pts.
Watercolor is basically a staining technique. The paint is applied in thin, translucent washes that allow light
to pass through the layers of color and reflect back from the white paper. Second or third coats may be
applied with less water to create a much darker shade.
19. What is the difference between translucent and opaque? 2 pts.
Translucent allows light to pass through, in other words, its see-through.
Opaque is the opposite of translucent, it doesnt allow light to pass, and its a much more dense color.
20. What is gouache? 1 pt.
Gouache is an opaque watercolor.
21. Look at Fig. 5.2 In what paint medium is this work? Briefly describe the artists technique with the
particular medium in this work. In what style is this work painted? 3 pts.
This is a watercolor work by Winslow Homer. The artist used the white rag paper to create highlight. His
entire process is visible, and quickly, yet carefully done, as watercolor is not a forgiving medium.
22. What are the ingredients in tempera paint? 3 pts.
Pigment
Egg yolk ( binder)
Water ( vehicle )
23. Who first used tempera historically and when was it perfected? 4 pts.
Ancient Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians first used tempera paint, but it was not perfected until the Middle
Ages.
24. What is gesso and how is it used? 2 pts.
Gesso is a primer for tempera paint. Its a chalky water based liquid that dries to a bright white.
25. Identify Fig. 5.4 artist, title, date, medium and describe the artists method of painting this work.
What artistic period is this work? 6 pts.
Filippo Lippi. Madonna and Child. c. 1440-1445. Renaissance Period. Tempera on wood panel. This piece
was created by building up thin layers of Tempera paint to create a smooth and almost luminous surface.
This technique was executed especially well in creating her luminous halo and sheer neck scarf.
26. What are the ingredients that make encaustic paint? 1 pt
Pigment and Molten Beeswax ( binder )
27. What artists in what country fully developed and perfected the use of oil paint? When did this occur? 3
pts. What ingredient did they use in their perfected version of oil paint? 4 pts.
Flemish artists ( from Flanders of Belgium ), Hubert and Jan van Eyck were said to have perfected oil paint
by using linseed oil as their binder. This occurred in the 15 th century.
28. So what are the 3 total ingredients in oil paint? 3 pts.
Pigment, Linseed Oil ( binder ), and turpentine ( vehicle ).
29. What is the definition of a glaze? 1 pt.
A transparent film layer over a painted surface.

30. When paint is applied thickly with brush or palette knife, creating texture, what is it called? 1 pt.
Impasto
31. Make a comparison between Figs. 5.6 and 5.7 based upon each artists different painterly technique in
using the same medium. Name each artwork in your comparison. 4 pts.
Madonna and Child with the Chancellor Rolin . and Self-portrait are both art works made with oil paint,
although Madonna and Child with the Chancellor Rolin also has tempera paint in it as well. They are both
figurative pieces. Madonna and Child.( A Renaissance painting) has a very clean, clear representation of
the subjects, and also has a lot of varying textures to the eye while still maintaining a flat painting.There are
several highlights and shadows portrayed perfectly. In this painting, we see velvet, perfect flesh tone,
landscape, architecture, marble flooring details, fur and silk, and even an angelic being with detailed wings.
There are no brush strokes in this work that are visible to our eyes. This artwork is very tight. You would
almost want to assume that it was a photograph.
In comparison, Self-Portrait looks very loose and free. This is a painting from the Old Masters Period. The
brush strokes are all very noticeable, and there is a lot of roughness and texture about the face, although
there are still shadows and highlights in the work. This work is done in an Impasto style, and if we were to
walk up to this painting and touch it, we would be able to feel a great deal of texture.
32. What is the artistic period of Fig. 5.6 called? What is the artistic period of Fig. 5.7 called? 2 pts.
5.6 is Renaissance Period.
5.7 is Old Masters Period ( in Italy, Baroque).
33. Look at Fig. 5.9 - What style of art is this called? Name 2 types of color schemes (and the colors) found
in this work? 3 pts.
5.9 is an abstract / non-representational piece. We have Primary Colors ( Red, Blue, and Yellow),
Secondary colors ( Green and Orange ), and Analogous colors ( Yellow and Orange).
34. When was acrylic paint invented? 1 pt.
Acrylic paint was invented in the late 20th Century.
35. What are the ingredients in acrylic paint? 3 pts.
Pigment, Acrylic Polymer ( binder ) and water ( vehicle).
36. What is an advantage acrylic paint has over oil paint? What is its drawback? 2 pts.
Acrylic paint is cheaper, it uses water rather than turpentine, and it comes in several non-yellowing and
vibrant colors. However, it dries quickly and it can be rather difficult to try and fix your errors while using this
type of paint.
37. Look at Fig. 5.11 - Describe the artists paint application of the splash. How does this compare with
his application of paint in the rest of the painting? 2 pts. For the most part, the objects in this painting are
all applied with thick yet even layers of acrylic paint in bright colors. However, for the actual splash, the
artist watered down the center to create a lighter blue, added thick white in the center to create the intensity
of the splash, and he used very thin squiggly lines to add a realistic effect for the side splash.
38. What are the 2 kinds of fresco paint called and what are their ingredients? How is b. different from a.?
4 pts. total
a. True Fresco ( Buon Fresco)- pigment suspended in water and applied to a prepared damp lime
plaster surface.
b. Dry Fresco ( Fresco Secco)- pigment suspended in water and applied to a DRY lime plaster
surface. ( This technique can also be used over a True Fresco painting once its dry in order to intensify the
colors and add more dramatic shading.)
39. What does an unforgiving medium mean? 1 pt. It is very hard to make changes to the art work while
using the unforgiving medium. This usually means that the medium dries fast and is hard to cover.

40. Why did Mexican artists of the 1920s revive the Renaissance technique of fresco painting? 1 pt.
Mexico reinvented Fresco to create government supported murals for the new revolution and to add art to
the public space. This way, art would become a part of everyday life for the people of these cities.
Ch. 7 Photography
41. Photography is both a tool and what else? 1 pt.
An Art Form!
42. Briefly describe one way the advent of the camera affected artists in the late 19 th c. and early 20th c. 3
pts. It created a new form of art.
43. What was the first forerunner of the modern camera? Who used it? Why was it invented? 3 pts. total
The camera obscura. Leonardo DaVinci created this camera to be an aid to picture making. It was used by
artists to aid them in creating picture-like paintings.
44. Describe the process of this first camera mentioned in the previous question? 2 pts.
Reflected sunlight passed through a small hole in this large, dark room, and would project an upside down
image of whatever is directly outside of the small hole, like a tree, and then the artist could hand their
canvas on the wall, and trace this image ( upside down ) and then flip it over, and viola! There was a very
picture-perfect painting of a tree!
45. Who was responsible for the first photographic image using chemicals to fix an image on a sheet of
pewter? When did this happen? 2 pts.
Joseph Niepce created the first photographic image using chemicals in 1826.
46. Name the method of photography that first allowed families in the U.S. and Europe to collect photos of
themselves. 1 pt.
Daguerreotypes.
47. Name the N.Y-based photographer who used photography to bring public attention to suffering caused
by poverty and squalid living conditions. Provide artist, title, date. 3 pts.
Jacob Riis. Five Cents a Spot. 1890.
48. Look at Fig. 7.11, identify the title. What is the photographers intention with this image? 2 pts.
Polar Bear Outside Barrow, Alaska. Its a photo that shows evidence of warmer temperatures in Arctic
regions, and should be a wake up call to a true social issue.
49. Who made the first color film and in what year? 2 pts.
1932. Eastman Kodak Company. ( and in 1936, that concept was improved with the invention of the
Kodachrome which greatly improved the versatility and accuracy of color film.)
50. What happened at the end of the 20th century that changed the technology of photography? 1 pt.
Digital Photography.
End of Test