CHAPTER 1: RATE OF REACTION

DEFINITION:
............... WAYS TO MEASURE ROR
..............................
Average rate of reaction
FORMULA:
(AROR)

=
SUITABLE MEASUREABLE
VISIBLE CHANGES IN A CHEM.
REACTION
1.Volume of gas liberated
2..
3.Change in mass during reaction
4..
5.Temperature change
6..
7.pH change
8..
9.Pressure change

Rate of reaction at given

time/ instantaneous rate
of reaction
=gradient of the tangent to
the curve at the given time

COLLISION THEORY
State dat a chemical reaction may occur as a result
of the collision b/w particles
Particles dat collide must:
With correct orientation
Have equal to OR more than activation energy
Effective collision: collision b/w reactant particles
dat produces chem. Reaction
Activation energy, Ea: min energy needed by
reactant particles to react. It is the energy barrier
dat must overcome by the colliding particles.
Lower activation energy, faster the reaction occurs

Energy Profile diagram: shows energy

changes of the reacting particles
Exothermic reaction: releases Endothermic reaction: absorbs
energy (heat) to surrounding
energy(heat) from surrounding

Factors Affects ROR

Size of reactants, Concentration, Temperature , Pressure, Catalyst
Characteristic of catalyst:
Not chage the amount of product formed, unchanged chemically but could
change physically, not used up I reaction, specific & need in small amount

1. SIZE OF REACTANT

2. TEMPERATURE

Smaller size of solid

particles, TSA exposed
for collision

temp, heat energy absorbed

Frequency of collision &

effective collision b/w
particles . Hence ROR
3. PRESSURE

Frequency of collision & effective

collision b/w particles . Hence ROR

4.CONCENTRATION

pressure, larger no of
particles per unit volume

concentration, larger no of particles

per unit volume

Frequency of collision &

effective collision b/w
particles .Hence ROR

Frequency of effective collision b/w

particles. Hence ROR

Kinetic energy of particles causes

particles move faster & collide often

5.CATALYST

The presence of catalyst in a chemical reaction offers an

alternative pathway which requires lower activation energy
Frequency of effective collision b/w particles