Integracin de Fracciones Parciales

Pasos:
1. Factorizar el denominador

2. Si los factores son lineales y ninguno se repite se hace la

sustitucin

A
B
+
+
a1 x 1 +b1 a1 x 1+ b1

2.1

Si algn factor Lineal se repite

a x +b

a x + b n1

a x + b n1

2.2

Si los factores son cuadrticos y ninguno se repite

Ax +B
C x+ D
+
a1 x 1 +b1 x1 + c1 a 2 x 2 +b2 x2 +c 2

2.3

Si algn factor cuadrtico se repite

a x +bx +c

2
n1
a x + bx+ c

A x +B

Ejercicios Resueltos
3

x2 +3 x dx Factorizacion x + 3 x =x ( x+ 3 )
3
A
B
= +
x +3 x x x +3
2

A ( x3 ) + Bx
3
=
x ( x +3 )
x +3 x
2

3= A ( x +3 ) + Bx x=0
3= A ( 0+ 3 ) +B ( 0 ) x +3=0
3= A ( 3 )+ 0 x=3
3=3 A

A=

3
3

A=1

3= A ( x +3 ) + Bx
3= A (3+3 ) + B (3 )
3=3 B

B=

3
3

B=1

3
A
B
1
1
dx= +
dx= dx
dx
x
x
+3
x
x+3
x +3 x

ln |x|ln| x+3|+C

3 x +1

x2 + 4 x+ 3 dx factorizacion x 2 +4 x +3=( x+ 3 ) (x+ 1)

3 x +1
A
B
=
+
x +4 x+3 ( x +3 ) ( x+1)
2

A ( x +1 )+ B( x+3)
3 x +1
=
( x +3 )( x +1 )
x +4 x+3
2

3 x +1
Ax+ A+ Bx+ 3 B
=
( x +3 ) ( x+1 )
x +4 x+3
2

3 x+1=Ax +Bx + A+3 B

3 x+1=( A + B ) x + A+3 B

{A+A+3B=3
B=1
Resolviendo el Sistema

A + B=3 (1 ) Encontrar A
A +3 B=1 A + B=3
AB=3 A1=3

A +3 B=1 A=3+ 1
2 B=2 B=

2
B=1 A=4
2

3 x +1
A
B
dx=
+
dx
( x +3 ) (x+ 1)
x + 4 x+ 3

(1)
4
+
dx
( x +3 ) ( x+ 1)

dx
dx

( x+ 3 )
( x+ 1)

4 ln| x+3|ln|x +1|+C

dx
x52 (xx 2+3
+2)

2
2
2
2
5 x +3
A B Cx+ D A ( x +2 ) + Bx ( x +2 ) +Cx+ D ( x )
=
+
+
=
2
2
2
2
2
2
x (x + 2) x x x +2
x ( x + 2)

5 x 2 +3
A x2 +2 A+ B x3 +2 Bx+C x 3 + Dx
=
x 2 (x 2+ 2)
x2 (x 2 +2)
2

5 x +3=A x +2 A + B x +2 Bx +C x + Dx
5 x2 +3=B x 3 +C x 3 + A x2 + Dx + 2 A+2 Bx
5 x2 +3=( B+ C ) x3 +( A+ D)x +2 A +2 Bx

B+C=0 C=0
7
A+ D=5 D=
2
2 B=0 B=0
3
2 A=3 A=
2

dx=
x52 (xx 2+3
+2)

A B Cx+ D
+ + 2
dx
2
x x x +2

3
7
(0) x+
2 0
2
3 1
7
1
+ + 2
dx= 2 dx + 2 dx
2
x
2
2
x
x +2
x
x +2

3
7 1
x
x2 dx +
tan 1
+C
2
2 2
2

( )

3x
7
x
1
+
tan
+C
2 1 2 2
2

( )

3
7
x
1
+
tan
+C
2 x 2 2
2

( )

2 x +7

x2 +2 x4 dx= ( x +1

2 x+ 7
5 ) ( x +1+ 5 )

Completando el Cuadrado

x 2+2 x4
x 2+2 x +114
x+ 12 5=0

x+ 12 =5

x+ 1= 5
x+ 1 5=0 y x+ 1+ 5=0
Solucin de la Integral Por Fracciones Parciales

2 x+ 7
A
B
=
+
( x +1 5 )( x +1+ 5 ) ( x+1 5 ) ( x+ 1+ 5 )
A ( x +1+ 5 ) + B ( x+1 5 )
2 x+ 7
=
( x +1 5 )( x +1+ 5 )
( x +1 5 )( x +1+ 5 )
2 x +7= Ax+ A+ A 5+ Bx+ BB 5

2 x +7= Ax+ Bx+ A+ B+ A 5B 5

2 x +7=( A+ B ) x+ A+ A 5+ BB 5

2 x +7=( A+ B ) x+ A ( 1+ 5 ) + B(1 5)

{(

1+ 5 ) A+ ( 15 ) B=7
A+ B=2

Entonces

[ ( 1+ 5 ) A+ ( 15 ) B=7 ]

( 1+ 5 ) [ A+ B=2 ]

( 1+ 5 ) A( 1 5 ) B=7

( 1+ 5 ) A+ ( 1+ 5 ) B=2 ( 1+ 5 )
( 1 5 ) B=7
+ ( 1+ 5 ) B=2+2 5

(1+ 5 ) B=7
( 1+ 5 ) B=2+2 5
2 5 B=5+2 5
B=

5+ 2 5
2 5

B=

5 2 5
+
2 5 2 5

B=

5
+1
2 5

B=

5 5
+1
2( 5)

B=

5
+1
2

B=

5+2
2

B=

2 5
2

A + B=2

A+

2 5
=2
2

A=2

2 5
2

A=

42+ 5
2

A=

2+ 5
2

2 x +7

x2 +2 x+ 4 dx=

A
B
+
dx
( x +1 5 ) ( x +1+ 5 )

dx=
x22+2x +7
x+ 4

2+ 5
25
2
2
+
dx
( x +1 5 ) ( x +1+ 5 )

2+ 5
1
2 5
1
dx +
dx
x +1
2
2
5
( x +1+ 5 )

2+ 5
2 5
ln |x+1 5|+ ln|x +1+ 5|+C
2
2

x 3

x 49 dx Factorizacion x 2 + 49=( x7)( x+7)

A ( x +7 ) + B( x7)
x3
A
B
=
+
=
x 49 (x7) ( x +7)
( x7)(x +7)
x3
Ax +7 A+ Bx7 B
=
x 49
( x7)( x +7)
x3=Ax +Bx +7 A7 B

x3=( A +B ) x +7 A7 B

{7A+A7B=1(7)
B=3
7 A7 B=7 Encontrando B

2
7 A7 B=3 A+ B=1, + B=1
7
14 A=4 A=

4
2
2
5
=A= B=1 B=
14
7
7
7

2
5
x 3
A
B
7
7
x 49 dx= (x7) + (x+ 7) dx= ( x7) + ( x +7) dx

2
1
5
1
dx +
dx

7 ( x7)
7 (x +7)

2
5
ln |x7|+ ln |x +7|+C
7
7

x ( x +2 ) dx
A ( x+2 ) + Bx ( x +2 ) +Cx
x
A
B
C
= +
+
=
x ( x+2 ) x x+2 ( x +2 )
x ( x+ 2 )
A ( x 2 +4 x + 4 ) + B x 2+2 Bx+Cx
x
=
x ( x+2 )
x ( x+2 )
x
A x 2+ 4 Ax+ 4 A+ B x 2+2 Bx+Cx
=
x ( x+2 )
x ( x+2 )
x= A x 2+ 4 Ax+ 4 A+ B x2 +2 Bx +Cx
2

x= A x + B x + 4 Ax+2 Bx+Cx+ 4 A
2

x=( A+ B ) x + ( 4 A +2 B+ C ) x+ 4 A

A + B=0 B=0
4 A+2 B+C=1 C=1
0
4 A=0 A= = A=0
4

 x ( x x+2 ) dx=

1
dx
( x +2 )

A
B
C
+
+
dx
x x+2 ( x+2 )

0
0
1
+
+
dx
x x +2 ( x +2 )

u=x +2=

1
du
u2

du=dx= u2 du

dx=du=

u 1
+C
1

x +21
+C
1

1
+C
x +2

5 x7

( x + 2 )( x3 ) dx
Ax+ B ( x3 )+C ( x +2 )
5 x 7
Ax +B
C
=
+
=
( x +2 ) ( x3 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x3 )
( x +2 ) ( x 3 )
5 x 7
Ax 3 Ax+ Bx3 B+ Cx +2 C
=
( x +2 ) ( x3 )
( x +2 )( x3 )

5 x7= Ax 3 Ax+ Bx3 B+Cx +2C

5 x7= Ax +Cx 3 Ax+ Bx3 B+2C

5 x7= ( A+ C ) x +(3 A+ B) x3 B+ 2C
A +C=0 A+0+ C=0
3 A+ B=53 A + B+0=5

3 B+2 C=7 03 B+2C=7

Resolviendo el Sistema Metodo de Sustitucion

A +0+C=0 ( 3 ) Ec. 1
3 A+ B+0=5 Ec. 2
3 A +0+3 C=0

3 A+ B+0=5
B+ 3C=5 Ec. 4

A +0+C=0(0) Ec. 1
03 B+2 C=7 Ec. 3

0+0+ 0=0
03 B+2 C=7

3 B+2 C=7 Ec. 5

B+ 3C=5 (3)Ec. 4

3 B+2 C=7 Ec. 5

3 B+ 9C=15

3 B+2 C=7

11 C=8
C=

8
11

Encontare B
Encontrar A

B+ 3C=5 Ec. 4 A +C=0 Ec. 1

B+ 3

B+

( 118 )=5 A+ 118 =0

24
8
=5 A=
11
11

B=5

B=

24
11

31
11

Ax+ B
C
dx=
+
( x +5 2x7
)( x3 )
( x +2 ) ( x 3 )

8
31
8
x +( ) ( )
(
)
11
11
11
dx=
+
dx

8
x
31
1
8
1
dx +
dx+
dx

11 x +2
11 x +2
11 x3

8 x dt 31
1
8 1
+ 2 2 du+ dr

11 t 2 x 11 u +a
11 r

( x + 2 )

( x3 )

8 1
31 1 1 u
8
dt +
tan
+ ln |r|+ C

22 t
11 a
a 11

()

4
ln |t |+
11

31 tan1

( x2 ) + 8 ln|r|+C
11

11 2

4
ln |x 2+ 2|+
11

31 tan1

( x2 ) + 8 ln|x3|+ C

11 2

4 | 2 | 8
ln x + 2 + ln |x3|+
11
11

11

31 tan 1

( x2 ) + C

11 2

Sustituciones

9 x 4 + x 2 dx Factorizando 9 x 4 + x 2=x 2 (9 x 2+1)

t=x 2+2 dt=2 x dx dx=

2

dt
2x

u =x
2 u=x , a =2 a= 2
1
A B C x + D A ( 9 x +1 ) + Bx ( 9 x +1 ) +C x + D ( x )
= + +
=
x 2 (9 x 2+ 1) x 2 x 9 x2 +1
x 2 (9 x 2+1)
2

1
9 A x2 + A+ 9 B x 3+ Bx +C x 3+ D x 2
=
x 2 (9 x 2+ 1)
x 2 (9 x 2+ 1)
1=9 B x3 +C x 3 +9 A x 2+ D x 2 +Bx + A
1=( 9 B+C ) x 3 + ( 9 A + D ) x2 + Bx+ A
9 B+ C=0 C=0 9 B+C=0 9 A+ D=0

9 A + D=0 D=9 9 ( 0 )+C=0 9 (1 ) + D=0

Bx=0 B=0 0+C=0 9+ D=0

A=1 A=1 C=0 D=9

9 x 41+ x 2 dx=

1
9
dx 2 dx
2
x
9 x +1

x2 dx

A B C x+ D
1 0 (0)x +(9)
+ + 2
dx= 2 + +
dx
2
2
x x 9 x +1
x x
9 x +1

9
dx
9 x 2+1

x1
1
9 2 2 du /3
1
u +a

x1 9
1

2 2 du
1 3 u + a
1
1
u
3. tan 1
+C
x
a
a

()

1
1
3x
3. tan1
+C
x
1
1

( )

1
1
3 tan ( 3 x ) +C
x
a=1
u=3 x

x3 + x 2 + x dx Factorizando x 3 + x 2+ x =x( x 2 + x +1)

A ( x 2 + x+1 )+ Bx +C( x )
1
A Bx+C
=
+
=
x 3 + x 2+ x x x 2 + x+ 1
x (x 2+ x+1)

du=3 dx

1
A x + Ax+ A +Bx +Cx
=
3
2
x +x + x
x (x 2 + x+1)
1= A x 2+ Bx + Ax +Cx+ A
1=( A + B) x 2+ ( A +C ) x+ A
A + B=0
A +C=0

A=1
A=1, B=1, C=1

x3 + x 2 + x dx=

1 x1
dx= +
dx
( Ax + xBx+ +C
)
x x + x +1
x +1
2

1
x +1
dx 2
dx
x
x + x+1

1
ln x ln |x 2+ x+1|
2

tan1

( 2 x+13 )
3