Rachel Frazier, Terrell David 53-63

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UWRT 1103
Paragraph One:
Topic: Introduction to who Deborah Brandt, the author of this passage is.
Talks about her other works of literature.
How It Advances the Overall Argument: Provides the Author with credibility
and allows the reader the opportunity to get to know more about the author
and her other pieces of work.
Paragraph Two
Topic: People dont become literate on their own, literacy is sponsored by
people, institutions or circumstance.
Advances Argument by: Provides insight for the reader on Deborah Brandts
main argument that will be seen throughout the reading.
Paragraph Three
Topic: Sponsors arent always providing us with support or assistance. They
support you often times in schools when youre doing the things and reading
the texts youre being required to. We dont have the ability to chose which
textbooks truly interest us and study those.
Advances argument: We gain insight into the authors mind and she makes a
claim and supports it with a concrete detail. Ex. About Twilight book vs Ernest
Hemingway text.
Paragraph Four
Topic: Brandt now highlights the positives about sponsorship and how it can
be beneficial and how it plays a huge role in becoming literate.
Advances Argument: Shows two perspectives on Brandts take about
sponsors. Literacy sponsors are not necessarily empowering; they can also
disempower and prevent people from becoming literate in some ways while
fostering other literacies.
Paragraph Five
Topic: Reader introduced to Joseph Krett who talks about the intellectual
atmosphere to young apprentices who worked in small print shops.
Advances Argument: The reader sees how circumstance affects literacy as
mentioned by Brandt in the introduction. These younger apprentices
working in these print shops have an advantage because the reading and
writing skills of print apprentices in this time period exceeded those of
teachers and learners, it also extended to the printer community.
Paragraph Six
Topic: Pre-steam press economy enabled some of the most basic aspects of
the apprentices literacy.

Advances argument: This paragraph makes note of the counter-argument

from the previous paragraph also highlighting some negative aspects of
apprentices working in these printing presses and how that also had a drop
in literacy potential for people working there.
Paragraph Seven:
Topic: Literacy is one of the greatest engines of profit and competitive
advantage in the 20th century.
Advances Argument: Highlights how peoples literacy skills have become
vulnerable over time due economic value in ways such as condition form and
literacy achievement as it changes with every generation of learners.
Paragraph Eight:
Topic: Economic forces addressed in our work typically appear as generalities
but rarely are related to the local conditions of learning the occupy most of
us on a daily basis.
Advances Argument: The reader again gains insight to Brandts opinions and
we are provided with a counter-argument from the previous paragraph which
gives the author more credibility in the arguments being presented.
Paragraph Nine:
Topic: Brandt wants us to look into the connection between literacy as an
individual development opposed to as an economic development.
Advances Argument: Shows us what Brandt wants us to take away from the
essay itself, and she provides the readers with the challenge of connecting
the two opposed to one or the other.
Paragraph Ten:
Topic: Brandt discusses the research shes done in tracing sponsors of
literacy across the 20th century recalling how they learned to read and write.
Advances Argument: Provides credibility, shows the reader that Brandt has
not only reflected on these concepts but has also taken the effort to go out
and conduct research to back up her suggestions.
Paragraph Eleven:
Topic: Brandt addresses what we know today as sponsors and what a sponsor
is to her by her own definitions and examples.
Advances Argument: The reader learns more about sponsors in the 20th
century and what a sponsor is to Brandt by both definition and example.
Paragraph Twelve:
Topic: Examples of sponsors in the 20th century are listed.
Advances Argument: Provides the reader with current day examples to help
make more sense of the point Brandt is trying to convey about sponsors.
Paragraph Thirteen:

Topic: Many perspectives and examples of sponsors are given.

Advances Argument: The reader should now be able to make the relation
with Brandt about sponsors, in and outside of the United States and in
various real life examples.
Paragraph Fourteen:
Topic: Brandt clarifies not overlooking the advancements of literacy the U.S
has developed over time.
Advances Argument: Shows the counter arguments mentioned previously.
Makes for good comparison as the reader chooses a side to stand for.
Paragraph Fifteen:
Topic: Introduction to the facts about to be presented by Brandt. She looks
into the dynamics of literacy sponsorship through life experiences of
individuals.
Advances Argument: Facts to back up Brandts original statement, literacy
can be affected by circumstance.
Paragraph Sixteen:
Topic: Story is told about two individuals and how their childhood decisions
and likes played a role in their overall literacy or education.
Advances Argument: More details in relation to Brandts previous claim.
Paragraph Seventeen:
Topic: Another example, Dora Lopez, once again shows the reader how
circumstance has the full potential to affect literacy.
Advances Argument: The more facts Brandt has to contribute to the passage,
the more the reader is persuaded to see and feel similar to her views.
Paragraph Eighteen:
Topic: Things arent often times about the starting product or even middleproduct progress but the overall product.
Advances Argument: Literacy takes time to fully develop and we never truly
know the full results until everything is said and done.
Paragraph Nineteen:
Topic: Literacy practices operate in differential economies supplying different
access routes.
Advances Argument: Provides additional details to Brandts argument.
Paragraph Twenty:
Topic: Literacy becomes available to ordinary people through the help of
powerful sponsors.
Advances Argument: Moves on to Brandts second claim mentioned
previously in the article. Talks about how forms of literacy are created out of
competitions between institutions.

Paragraph Twenty-One:
Topic: Dwayne Lowery, went from line worker in a manufacturing center to
field representative for public employees union.
Advances Argument: Timing and situations presented play a role in literacy.
This job change only occurred due to the economy in the US after World War
II. Otherwise, this huge switch in jobs requiring a different level of literacy
may not have been possible.
Paragraph Twenty-Two:
Topic: Dwayne Lowerys story was told starting from his childhood, we see
how his literacy developed over time due to situations in his life.
Advances Argument: Provides Brandt with credibility once again. Helps the
reader make a connection to real life scenarios opposed to words that we
dont understand nor can we relate to.
Paragraph Twenty-Three:
Topic: With time and effort, many new skills we never thought we would have
become possible.
Advances Argument: Shows how literacy can be developed overtime
depending on experiences we go through in life requiring us to learn different
life skills.
Paragraph Twenty-Four:
Topic: Lowery talks about his experience and the change of literacy amongst
himself and the people he was surrounded by at work.
Advances Argument: Discusses or explores how levels of literacy correlates
to the individuals quality of life.
Paragraph Twenty-Five:
Topic: More information about Lowery is presented to the reader and his
experience in the two totally different work fields.
Advances Argument: Provides the reader with more details and insight into
the point the author is trying to convey.
Paragraph Twenty-Six:
Topic: Reader is informed more about Lowreys new role at his new job and
the use of literacy in that job.
Advances Argument: Literacy- are we behind the growth in our OWN literacy,
or are others?
Paragraph Twenty-Seven:
Topic: Reader is introduced to the various ways print writing and literacy are
involved in everyday life.
Advances argument: Shows the increasing dependence on literacy

Paragraph Twenty-Eight:
Topic: Focuses on Lowerys transition and contrast between jobs
Advances Argument: The comparison shows how literacy enables people to
move advance and move forward
Paragraph Twenty-Nine:
Topic: Lowerys early life and how literacy interacts in it.
Advances Argument: the argument is advanced by the frequent uses of
literature and media throughout lowerys life
Paragraph Thirty:
Topic: Adult Lowery joins unions and uses literacy to apply for grants
Advances Argument: continues to emphasize the appearance of literature in
Lowreys life.
Paragraph Thirty-one:
Topic: Lowery gets a promotion and improves his communicational skills.
Advances Argument: Lowerys improvement in communication shows the
benefit of literacy and improving it.
Paragraph Thirty-Two:
Topic: Lowery brought change to the union and made things become
rendered in writing
Advances argument: Having things rendered in writing calls for literate
workers.
Paragraph Thirty-Three:
Topic: Lowery Is putting in long hours at work reading 15 page briefings.
Advances argument: Lowery went from custodial worker to studious union
worker.
Paragraph Thirty-Four:
Topic: Lowery continues to strive for more knowledge and a higher level of
literacy and learned from colleagues.
Advances Argument: Shows that improvement of literacy can improve quality
of life and that we can benefit from each others ideas.
Paragraph Thirty-five
Topic: Lowery faces challenges and completes them as he works in a
changing field. He has set the standard and raised the bar
Advances argument: Literacy is like language It changes with time.
Paragraph Thirty-Six:
Topic: Highlights problems Lowery faced during different eras of his job

Advances Argument: This part shows how lowery used literacy to advocate
and sponsor equal rights
Paragraph Thirty-Seven
Topic: Shows the transformation from worker education to problem solving
sills
Advances Argument: The world is more complex so our literacy demand
shifts to a higher need for critical thinking skills.
Paragraph Thirty-Eight:
Topic: Emphasizes that literacy can be passed down and transcended often
growing and changing over time
Advances Argument: New events are new grounds for thinking and
ascendant forms of literacy
Paragraph Thirty-Nine:
Topic: Concludes that literacy will always changed making it advanced but
destabilized
Advances Argument: Compels the reader to stay literate.
Paragraph Forty:
Topic: How sponsors enable and hinder literacy activity
Advances Argument: the general public is challenged to a higher level of
literacy.
Paragraph Forty-one:
Topic: Showcasing an average clerical jobs literature value
Advances Argument: Shows how working any type of job can have a literacy
aspect
Paragraph Forty-Two:
Topic: Anecdotes and their ability to persuade
Advances Argument: shows you can use writing to persuade and that
improving literacy can be persuasive on its own.
Paragraph Forty-Three
Topic: Woman has kids and returns to work as a book keeper in a law firm
Advances Topic: Shows that literacy is required for some jobs
Paragraph Forty-Four:
Topic: A womans empowerment through literacy
Advances Topic: Shows how the reader can be empowered through literacy
and knowledge.
Paragraph Forty-Five:
Topic: Shows opportunitys for literacy learning open up doors

Advances Argument: Shows how literacy helped to create clerical work and
other types of fields of literacy.
Paragraph Forty-Six:
Topic: Literacy sponsorship hovers at the scene and acts of learning
Advances Argument: Emphasizes how literacy serves as both a sanctioning
force and a reserve of ideological and material support.
Paragraph Forty-Seven:
Topic: How forms of literacy can end up affecting the larger scale
Advances Argument: advances the idea that literacy is always changing
between generations and people
Paragraph Forty- Eight:
Topic: linking patterns of sponsorship to processes of stratification,
competition, and appropriation
Advances Argument: Sponsorship is mutually rewarding.
Paragraph Forty-Nine:
Topic: The influential Role of sponsors
Advances Argument: We get explicit teachings and recognize how literacy is
in pursuit of them.
Questions for Discussion:
1. Malcolm Xs intended audience is the illiterate specifically minorities.
His implicit drive for the improvement of minorities literacy for better
jobs and opportunities demonstrates this.
4. Malcolm never misappropriated the intentions o f his sponsors. He
cherished and applauded everyone who advocated his literacy
7.Malcolm describes frustration not being able to convey thoughts in an
articulate fashion. His inability to accurately express ideas encouraged his
literacy education, which he describes as Homemade. It helped him read
because he learned more words and built up a larger vocabulary.