Module 33: Treatment of

Psychological Disorders
One of the earliest therapists was: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): Founder
of psychoanalysis. A controversial theory about the workings of the
unconscious mind.
- Freud devised this style of therapy to allow an individual the time and
space to lie down and recall upon childhood memories while a therapist
and takes
notes.Psychotherapy an interaction between a trained
- listens
This method
is called:
therapist and someone who is seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or
achieve personal growth

How many approaches of therapy are used when treating

psychological disorders?.

There are roughly 250 types of

psychotherapies but each therapy centers on
one or more of four major approaches:
psychoanalytic, humanistic, behavioral,
Whencognitive
therapists
and
. have to use a variety of
techniques from various forms of therapy, this
is termed as an eclectic approach.

Psychoanalysis: Freuds theory of personality;

also, a therapeutic technique that attempts to
provide insight into thoughts and actions by
exposing and interpreting the underlying
unconscious motives and conflicts.

Freud compares our personality to an iceberg that is

composed of 3 elements:
pleasure-seeking, biological drives: id
Reality-oriented, our rational self: ego
Internalized-ideals, societys rules and constraints: superego

The Unconscious mind: According to Freud: A

reservoir of thoughts, wishes, feelings,
memories, that are hidden from awareness
because they feel unacceptable.

*Checkpoint Briefly
explain the Freudian theory
using the Iceberg analogy?

How does ones personality

develop according to Freud?

Freuds
theory of
psychoanaly
sis
(psychosexu
al
developmen
t) is broken
up into a 5
stages:

Oral stage:
(0-18 months)
Infants fixate
on activities
lie sucking and
drooling. Early
weaning can
lead to
overeating or
smoking.

Freud says that our personality goes through a

series of stages starting from birth
(psychosexual development).

Anal stage:
(18-36
months)
Children
balance
societal
demands with
their own
desires. Early
potty training
leads to analretentive or
anal-expulsive

behaviors.

Phallic
stage: (3-6
years) Behavior is
characterize
d by
castration
anxiety in
guys and
penis envy
in girls.

Latency
stage: (starts
5-7, endues
until puberty) Development
is relatively
conflict free,
and children
learn sex roles
from
associations
with friends,
siblings, and
adults.

Genital
stage: (from
puberty-death)
- Without
successful
resolution of
the previous
stages, people
encounter
future
problems in
their lives.

Journal #7: Making Freud

relevant!
After answering the Self-Reinforcement
handout, write a reflection on the back of
the handout with regards to what we
discussed today in class.
Are you telling yourself the truth when you answer all
those questions?
Do you always make the right decision with reference
to your conscious, morals and values?
Discussion topics or questions?

review questions:
1. Why is it important to classify psychological
disorders? (pg. 539)
2. What are some weaknesses / criticisms of the DSM?
(pg. 541)
3. What do studies suggest are some of the effects of
being labelled with a psychological disorder? (pg. 543545)
4. Chapter review questions (1-8, pg. 547)