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Estudios de Sector
I. Introduccin ...................................................................................................................

II. Estructura del Anlisis Econmico de Sector .................................................

A. Aspecto generales ....................................................................................................................

B. Estudio de la oferta ...................................................................................................................

C. Estudio de la demanda .............................................................................................................

III. Tcnicas de anlisis de informacin ...............................................................

10

IV. Estudios del sector en los Procesos de Contratacin de mnima cuanta y

contratacin directa ..............................................................................................

11

A. Contratacin directa ..................................................................................................................

11

B. Mnima cuanta ..........................................................................................................................

12

Anexo 1 - Conceptos Estadsticos .......................................................................

13

I. Tamao de la muestra .....................................................................................................................

13

II. Anlisis estadstico ........................................................................................................................

13

A. Promedio o media aritmtica .....................................................................................................

14

B. Mediana ...................................................................................................................................

14

C. Media podada ..........................................................................................................................

14

D. Desviacin estndar muestral ....................................................................................................

15

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16

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16

B. Histograma ...............................................................................................................................

17

IV. Fuentes de informacin ................................................................................................................

18

V. Procedimiento para buscar informacin sobre procesos de contratacin en el SECOP ...........

20

Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

Introduccin

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II

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Superintendencia de Sociedades.

Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

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de-precios-y-costos/indice-de-precios-al-consumidor-ipc.
:VSPJP[\KKLPUMVYTHJP}URequest for Information9-0

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WHYHWYL]LUPYLSYPLZNVKLKLZHIHZ[LJPTPLU[VX\LWVKYxHZLYJYx[PJVLUIPLULZX\LYLX\PLYLUZ\TPUPZ[YV
JVUZ[HU[LJVTVSHWHWLSLYxH7VYV[YVSHKVL_PZ[LUKVZWVZPIPSPKHKLZLUJ\HU[VHSHKPZ[YPI\JP}UKL\U
IPLU!PSH,U[PKHK,Z[H[HSJVU[YH[HH\UWYV]LLKVYX\L[LUNHSHJHWHJPKHKKLZ\TPUPZ[YHY`KPZ[YPI\PYLS
WYVK\J[VLU[VKVZSVZS\NHYLZYLX\LYPKVZ`THULQHSVZWLKPKVZLPU]LU[HYPVKLJHKHS\NHY"VPPSH,U[PKHK
,Z[H[HSJ\LU[HJVU\UVV]HYPVZJLU[YVZKLHSTHJLUHTPLU[VKVUKLLSWYV]LLKVYLU[YLNHLSWLKPKV`
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contratando el servicio con otro proveedor. El estudio del sector debe permitir responder las siguientes
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PP*\mSLZSHKPMLYLUJPHKLJVZ[VZLU[YLJVU[YH[HYLS[YHUZWVY[L`KPZ[YPI\JP}UHSTPZTVWYV]LLKVY
KLSWYVK\J[VVJVU[YH[HYLS[YHUZWVY[LKLMVYTHPUKLWLUKPLU[L&
PPP *\mSLZ ZVU SVZ [PLTWVZ KL LU[YLNH H SVZ KPMLYLU[LZ S\NHYLZ KVUKL ZL KLIL Z\TPUPZ[YHY LS
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Z\ZWYVWPLKHKLZ&
],SHOVYYVKLJVTWYHYLUISVX\L`HSTHJLUHYLUJHZVKLX\LSH,U[PKHK,Z[H[HSJ\LU[LJVU
\UJLU[YVKLHSTHJLUHTPLU[VLZTH`VYX\LSVZJVZ[VZKLKPZ[YPI\PYH]HYPVZS\NHYLZ&
Inventario:,ZSHJHU[PKHKKLTH[LYPHWYPTHWYVK\J[VLUWYVJLZVVWYVK\J[V[LYTPUHKVX\LOH`LU
KL[LYTPUHKVTVTLU[V3HJVTWYHVLSZ\TPUPZ[YVKLIPLULZYLX\PLYLKL\ULZ[\KPVKLSHMVYTHJVTV
HSTHJLUHU`THULQHUZ\ZPU]LU[HYPVZSVZWVZPISLZVMLYLU[LZWHYHLMLJ[VZKLSHUmSPZPZKLS9PLZNVKL
KLZHIHZ[LJPTPLU[V`WHYHKL[LYTPUHYZPSH,U[PKHK,Z[H[HSYLX\PLYL[LULY\UPU]LU[HYPVWYVWPVTxUPTV
7HYHLSLMLJ[VSH,U[PKHK,Z[H[HSKLIL[LULYLUJ\LU[H!PSHWYLJPZP}UKLZ\LZ[PTHJP}UKLSHKLTHUKH
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JVZ[V`SVZ9PLZNVZHZVJPHKVZHTHU[LULYLSPU]LU[HYPV"`]SHKPZWVUPIPSPKHKKL\ULZWHJPVHKLJ\HKV
WHYHLSPU]LU[HYPVHSZLY]PJPVKLSH,U[PKHK,Z[H[HS`LS]HSVYHZVJPHKVHLZ[L

Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

C. Estudio de la demanda
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1. Cmo ha adquirido la Entidad Estatal en el pasado este bien, obra o servicio? La Entidad Estatal debe
HUHSPaHYLSJVTWVY[HTPLU[VKLZ\ZHKX\PZPJPVULZHU[LYPVYLZKLSIPLUVIYHVZLY]PJPV[LUPLUKVLUJ\LU[H!

Modalidad de seleccin del contratista.

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*HU[PKHKKLSIPLUVIYHVZLY]PJPV
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`JVUZ[Y\JJP}USVZKVJ\TLU[VZ[tJUPJVZWHYHLSKLZHYYVSSVKLSWYV`LJ[V
=HSVYKLSVZJVU[YH[VZ`MVYTHKLWHNV
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OHIPKVS\NHYH]PNLUJPHZM\[\YHZ
6MLYLU[LZX\LOHUWHY[PJPWHKVLUSVZWYVJLZVZKLZLSLJJP}U`JVU[YH[PZ[HZ
Comportamiento de los contratistas e imposicin de sanciones.
Condiciones de pago establecidas en los contratos.
Cronogramas.
;PLTWVZ`S\NHYLZKLLU[YLNHHJVYKHKVZ
.HYHU[xHZL_PNPKHZ`ZPUPLZ[YVZ

2. Cmo adquieren las Entidades Estatales y las empresas privadas este bien, obra o servicio? En el
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,U[PKHKLZ,Z[H[HSLZX\LOHUHKX\PYPKVLULSWHZHKVLSIPLUVIYHVZLY]PJPVWHYHL_[YHLYSHZTLQVYLZWYmJ[PJHZL
PUMVYTHJP}UWLY[PULU[LWHYHLS7YVJLZVKL*VU[YH[HJP}U7HYHLSLMLJ[VLS:PZ[LTH,SLJ[Y}UPJVKL*VU[YH[HJP}U
7ISPJH :,*67 VMYLJL SH WVZPIPSPKHK KL JVUZ\S[HY 7YVJLZVZ KL *VU[YH[HJP}U KL V[YHZ ,U[PKHKLZ ,Z[H[HSLZ
LUSVZJ\HSLZSH,U[PKHK,Z[H[HSW\LKLVIZLY]HYLU[YLV[YVZHZWLJ[VZSHZLZWLJPJHJPVULZ[tJUPJHZYLX\PZP[VZ
Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

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III

Tcnicas de anlisis de informacin

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Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

10

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IV

Estudios del sector en los Procesos de Contratacin de mnima cuanta

y contratacin directa

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El estudio del sector es necesario en los Procesos de Contratacin. La modalidad de seleccin del Proceso
de Contratacin no es relevante para determinar la procedencia o no del anlisis del sector. Colombia Compra
,JPLU[LLZ[HISLJLHSN\UHZYLJVTLUKHJPVULZWHYHYLHSPaHYLZ[\KPVZKLZLJ[VYLU7YVJLZVZKL*VU[YH[HJP}UWHYH
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Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

11

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combinacin de las anteriores.

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En los Procesos de Contratacin de mnima cuanta el alcance del estudio de sector debe ser proporcionado
HS ]HSVY KLS 7YVJLZV KL *VU[YH[HJP}U SH UH[\YHSLaH KLS VIQL[V H JVU[YH[HY LS [PWV KL JVU[YH[V ` H SVZ 9PLZNVZ
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WV[LUJPHSLZVMLYLU[LZKLUPYZ\WHY[PJPWHJP}ULULS70)PUK\Z[YPHSVLZ[\KPHYSHLZ[Y\J[\YHKLSVZLZ[HKVZUHUJPLYVZ
KLSVZWVZPISLZWYV]LLKVYLZ`KLSHPUK\Z[YPH,ULZ[VZJHZVZLZULJLZHYPVYL]PZHYSHZJVUKPJPVULZWHY[PJ\SHYLZ
KLV[YVZ7YVJLZVZKL*VU[YH[HJP}UZPTPSHYLZHJVWPHYPUMVYTHJP}UZ\JPLU[LKLWYLJPVZJHSPKHKJVUKPJPVULZ`
WSHaVZKLLU[YLNHJVUV[YVZJSPLU[LZKLSWYV]LLKVYWISPJVZVWYP]HKVZZVSPJP[HYPUMVYTHJP}UHSVZWYV]LLKVYLZ
]LYPJHYSHPKVULPKHKKLSVZTPZTVZ`WSHZTHY[HSPUMVYTHJP}ULUSVZ+VJ\TLU[VZKLS7YVJLZVZPLTWYLJVULS
WYVW}ZP[VKLX\LSHKLJPZP}UKLULNVJPVZLHHKLJ\HKH`NHYHU[PJLSHZH[PZMHJJP}UKLSHULJLZPKHKKLSH,U[PKHK
,Z[H[HSJ\TWSPLUKVSVZVIQL[P]VZKLLJPLUJPHLJHJPH`LJVUVTxH`I\ZJHUKVWYVTV]LYSHJVTWL[LUJPH
:PHWLZHYKL[YH[HYZLKL\U7YVJLZVKL*VU[YH[HJP}UKLTxUPTHJ\HU[xHLSVIQL[VHJVU[YH[HYLZT\`PTWVY[HU[L
WHYH SH ,U[PKHK ,Z[H[HS WVY LQLTWSV ZVM[^HYL JYx[PJV WHYH SH HJ[P]PKHK TPZPVUHS V ZP SVZ 9PLZNVZ L_PNLU \U
[YH[HTPLU[VLZWLJPHSJVTVLULSJHZVX\LZLVMYLaJHUJVTUTLU[LLULSTLYJHKVWSHaVZSHYNVZKLLU[YLNHKLS
Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

12

IPLUVIYHVZLY]PJPVLSHUmSPZPZKLZLJ[VYKLILZLYTmZJVTWSLQV`HNYLNHYTH`VYPUMVYTHJP}UNLULYHS`KL[HSSHKH
KLSVZWV[LUJPHSLZWYV]LLKVYLZ`LSZLJ[VY

A1

Anexo 1: Conceptos Estadsticos

3VZZPN\PLU[LZJVUJLW[VZZVU[PSLZWHYHHUHSPaHY\UJVUQ\U[VKLKH[VZVT\LZ[YHZU\TtYPJHZ.

I. Tamao de la muestra
,SUTLYVKLKH[VZX\LJVTWVULSHT\LZ[YHPUJPKLZPNUPJH[P]HTLU[LLUSHJHSPKHKKLSHUmSPZPZKLSHPUMVYTHJP}U
9LN\SHYTLU[LLU[YLTH`VYPUMVYTHJP}UW\LKLYLJVNLYSH,U[PKHK,Z[H[HSTH`VYLZSHJVUHUaHLUSHZJVUJS\ZPVULZ
KLS HUmSPZPZ W\LZ SH T\LZ[YH JVTWYLUKL \UH TLQVY YLWYLZLU[HJP}U KLS JVTWVY[HTPLU[V KL SH ]HYPHISL VIQL[V
KL LZ[\KPV WVY LQLTWSV SH SPX\PKLa V LS LUKL\KHTPLU[V KL \U ZLJ[VY *\HUKV SH T\LZ[YH JVTWYLUKL WVJVZ
KH[VZSHZJVUJS\ZPVULZKLSJVTWVY[HTPLU[VKLSH]HYPHISLZVUKLJPLU[LZW\LZLSZLJ[VYUVLZ[mZ\JPLU[LTLU[L
YLWYLZLU[HKV`JHILSHWVZPIPSPKHKX\LSVZKH[VZKPZWVUPISLZZLT\LZ[YLUJVTVKH[VZ[xWPJVZJ\HUKVYLHSTLU[L
no lo son.
,QLTWSV! ,U \U 7YVJLZV KL *VU[YH[HJP}U KL[LYTPUHKV \UH ,U[PKHK ,Z[H[HS VI[PLUL PUMVYTHJP}U ZVIYL 
WV[LUJPHSLZWYV]LLKVYLZSVZJ\HSLZ[PLULU\UxUKPJLKLLUKL\KHTPLU[VKL`YLZWLJ[P]HTLU[L
,Z[HPUMVYTHJP}UWLYTP[LWLUZHYX\L\UYHUNVKLLUKL\KHTPLU[V[xWPJVKLLZ[L[PWVKLWYV]LLKVYLZLZLU[YL
`3H,U[PKHK,Z[H[HSJVU[PUHJVUSHIZX\LKHKLKH[VZ`JVUZPN\LPUMVYTHJP}UHJLYJHKLV[YVZ
WYV]LLKVYLZ ,Z[V SL WLYTP[L KL[LYTPUHY X\L LS UP]LS KL LUKL\KHTPLU[V WYVTLKPV WHYH LZ[VZ WYV]LLKVYLZ LZ
JLYJHUVH`X\LSVZKH[VZPUPJPHSLZKL`JVYYLZWVUKLUHKH[VZH[xWPJVZ9.
;LUPLUKVLUJ\LU[HSVHU[LYPVYLSWYLZLU[LHUL_VYLJVTPLUKHX\LSHJVUZ[Y\JJP}UKLSHT\LZ[YH[VTLLUJ\LU[H
SHTH`VYJHU[PKHKKLKH[VZKPZWVUPISLJVULSUKLOHJLY\UHUmSPZPZYPN\YVZVWHYHSVJ\HSSH,U[PKHK,Z[H[HSKLIL
HJ\KPYHSVZZPZ[LTHZKLPUMVYTHJP}U`[HTIPtUHSHJVT\UPJHJP}UJVUSVZWVZPISLZWYV]LLKVYLZ

II. Anlisis estadstico

7HYHLU[LUKLYLSJVTWVY[HTPLU[VKLSVZKH[VZX\LJVTWVULUSHT\LZ[YHL_PZ[LUTLKPKHZKL[LUKLUJPHJLU[YHS
`KPZWLYZP}UX\LWLYTP[LUOHJLYPUMLYLUJPHZ10ZVIYLZ\JVTWVY[HTPLU[V!

6YLSSHUH34HYaV,Z[HKxZ[PJHKLZJYPW[P]HB,USxULHD+PZWVUPISLLU!
http://www.dm.uba.ar/materias/estadistica_Q/2011/1/modulo%20descriptiva.pdf
<UKH[VH[xWPJVLZHX\LSU\TtYPJHTLU[LKPZ[HU[LKLSHTH`VYxHKLSVZKH[VZKLSHT\LZ[YH
10. A partir de una poblacin estadstica utilizar el mtodo inductivo para llegar a conclusiones sobre el comportamiento del universo al cual pertenece la
poblacin estadstica.

Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

13

A. Promedio o media aritmtica

Es la medida de tendencia central ms frecuentemente usada. Para calcular la media aritmtica o promedio
KL\UJVUQ\U[VKLVIZLY]HJPVULZKLILUZ\THYZL[VKVZSVZ]HSVYLZ`KP]PKPYLSYLZ\S[HKVWVYLSUTLYV[V[HSKL
VIZLY]HJPVULZ,Z[HTLKPKHLZT\`ZLUZPISLHSVZKH[VZH[xWPJVZW\LZ[HUZVSV\UVKLSVZKH[VZW\LKLHMLJ[HY
ZPNUPJH[P]HTLU[LLSJmSJ\SVKLSHTPZTH7VYLQLTWSVZPSH,U[PKHK,Z[H[HSJ\LU[HJVUPUMVYTHJP}UKLSxUKPJLKL
SPX\PKLaKLWYV]LLKVYLZ"" "`YLZWLJ[P]HTLU[LLSWYVTLKPVKLSPX\PKLaKLLZ[VZWYV]LLKVYLZ
LZ ,Z[VLZKLIPKVHX\LL_PZ[L\UWYV]LLKVYJVU\UHS[VUP]LSKLSPX\PKLaX\PLULULZ[LJHZVYLWYLZLU[H\U
KLZLTWL|VH[xWPJVJVUYLZWLJ[VHZ\ZLJ[VY`X\PLUHMLJ[HYmLSPUKPJHKVYKLSWYVTLKPV,ULZ[LJHZVUVIHZ[H
con estudiar el promedio pues como se puede observar el promedio no representa el comportamiento de la
TH`VYxHKLSVZWYV]LLKVYLZ
)4LKPHUH
,Z\UHTLKPKHLZ[HKxZ[PJHX\LYLWYLZLU[HLS]HSVYX\LVJ\WHSHWVZPJP}UJLU[YHSLU\UHT\LZ[YH7HYHJHSJ\SHYSV
SVZKH[VZKLILUVYKLUHYZLKLTLUVYHTH`VYLPKLU[PJHYLSKH[VX\LVJ\WHSHWVZPJP}UJLU[YHS:PLS[HTH|V
KLSHT\LZ[YHLZWHYSHTLKPHUHLZLSWYVTLKPVKLSVZKVZ]HSVYLZJLU[YHSLZ:PLS[HTH|VKLSHT\LZ[YHLZ
PTWHYSHTLKPHUHJVYYLZWVUKLHS]HSVY\IPJHKVLUSHTP[HKKLSHT\LZ[YH(KPMLYLUJPHKLSHTLKPHSHTLKPHUH
UVLZHMLJ[HKHWVYSHWYLZLUJPHKLKH[VZH[xWPJVZ:PULTIHYNVHSZLY\UHTLKPKHKL\IPJHJP}UVWVZPJP}UZL
YLJVTPLUKHX\LZLH\UH]HYPHISLJVTWSLTLU[HYPHSHJ\HSW\LKLIYPUKHYPUMVYTHJP}U[PSZPLZJVTWHYHKHJVU
la media.
*4LKPHWVKHKH
,Z\ULZ[HKxZ[PJVX\L\[PSPaHLSWYVTLKPVWLYVX\P[HUKVKLSHT\LZ[YH\UJPLY[VWVYJLU[HQLKLKH[VZL_[YLTVZ
7HYHZ\JmSJ\SVSVZKH[VZZLKLILUVYKLUHYKLTLUVYHTH`VY`L_JS\PYSVZKH[VZU_TmZWLX\L|VZ`U_
TmZNYHUKLZKVUKLULZLS[HTH|VKLSHT\LZ[YH`LZSHWYVWVYJP}UKLKH[VZX\LZLX\PLYLKLW\YHY,SS[PTV
WHZVJVUZPZ[LLUJHSJ\SHYLSWYVTLKPVKLSVZKH[VZYLZ[HU[LZLSJ\HSYLWYLZLU[HYmSHTLKPHWVKHKH
7HYH KLUPY  SH ,U[PKHK ,Z[H[HS X\L LZ[m YLHSPaHUKV LS WYVJLKPTPLU[V KLIL KLUPY LS ]HSVY KLWLUKPLUKV KLS
[HTH|VKLSHT\LZ[YH`KLSHKPZ[VYZP}UX\LZLL]PKLUJPHLUSVZKH[VZ(SZLSLJJPVUHY$ZLVI[PLULSHTLKPH`HS
ZLSLJJPVUHY$$ZLVI[PLULSHTLKPHUHLZKLJPYKLILLZ[HYLU[YLLZ[VZKVZ]HSVYLZ*\HUKVZLYLHSPaH
LZ[LWYVJLKPTPLU[VLZIHZ[HU[LJVTUSH\[PSPaHJP}UKL\U$$LUKVUKLZLL_JS\`LUKLSVZKH[VZ
7HYHHUHSPaHYSHKPZ[VYZP}UKLSVZKH[VZZLYLJVTPLUKHNYHJHYJVTVZLL_WSPJHYmTmZHKLSHU[LVOHJLYLSHUmSPZPZ
YLZWLJ[P]VKLSHTLKPH`TLKPHUH
3H TLKPH WVKHKH LZ \UH I\LUH HWYV_PTHJP}U J\HUKV ZL VIZLY]HU KH[VZ H[xWPJVZ 3VZ KH[VZ H[xWPJVZ KL
PUKPJHKVYLZ W\LKLU YLWYLZLU[HY IPLU ZLH \U T\` I\LU JVTWVY[HTPLU[V V \U T\` THS JVTWVY[HTPLU[V KLS
PUKPJHKVYYLZWLJ[VHSHTH`VYxHKLSVZKH[VZ:PULTIHYNVHSTVTLU[VKLKLW\YHYSVZKH[VZSH,U[PKHK,Z[H[HS
KLIL [LULY SH WYLJH\JP}U KL KLW\YHY SVZ KH[VZ X\L YLWYLZLU[LU LS PUKPJHKVY KL WYV]LLKVYLZ X\L H WLZHY KL
Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

14

TVZ[YHY\UJVTWVY[HTPLU[VH[xWPJVYLZWLJ[VHSYLZ[VLZ[HYxHULUJHWHJPKHKKLLQLJ\[HYLSJVU[YH[V
,USHZLJJP}U=0KLS4HU\HSWHYHKL[LYTPUHY`]LYPJHYSVZYLX\PZP[VZOHIPSP[HU[LZ]LYhttp://www.colombiacompra.
gov.co/manualesW\LKL]LY\ULQLTWSVKLSJmSJ\SVKLSHTLKPHWVKHKH
++LZ]PHJP}ULZ[mUKHYT\LZ[YHS
3HKLZ]PHJP}ULZ[mUKHYT\LZ[YHSLZ\UHTLKPKHKLKPZWLYZP}UX\LTPKLSHKPZ[HUJPHWYVTLKPVKLSVZKH[VZ
KL\UHT\LZ[YHYLZWLJ[VHZ\TLKPH(TH`VYKLZ]PHJP}UTH`VYSHKPZWLYZP}UKLSVZKH[VZKLSHT\LZ[YH
con respecto a su media o promedio.

:LKLULSH]HYPHUaHKL\UHT\LZ[YHKLVIZLY]HJPVULZ???UJ\`VWYVTLKPVLZ X `n es igual al

[HTH|VKLSHT\LZ[YHJVTV!

7VYLQLTWSVJVUSVZTPZTVZKH[VZ\[PSPaHKVZLULSLQLTWSVLULSJVUJLW[VKLWYVTLKPVZVIYLLSxUKPJLKL
SPX\PKLaKLWYV]LLKVYLZLZ[HLZSHKLZ]PHJP}ULZ[mUKHYT\LZ[YHS

Donde nLZPN\HSH`LSWYVTLKPVKLSHT\LZ[YHXLZPN\HSH 

Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

15

*VSVTIPH*VTWYH,JPLU[LYLJVTPLUKH\[PSPaHYTLKPKHZKLKPZWLYZP}UJVTVSHKLZ]PHJP}ULZ[mUKHYLUJVUQ\U[V
JVUSHTLKPHVTLKPHWVKHKHWHYHJHYHJ[LYPaHYSHZ]HYPHISLZUHUJPLYHZWHYHKLUPYSVZPUKPJHKVYLZU\TtYPJVZ
KL JHWHJPKHK UHUJPLYH ` VYNHUPaHJPVUHS ZP LS JVUVJPTPLU[V KLS JVTWVY[HTPLU[V KL SVZ KH[VZ SV WLYTP[L ,U
4PJYVZVM[,_JLSOH`M\UJPVUHSPKHKLZX\LWLYTP[LUJHSJ\SHYMmJPSTLU[L[VKHZLZ[HZTLKPKHZLZ[HKxZ[PJHZ

000(UmSPZPZNYmJV
,SVIQL[P]VKLSHUmSPZPZNYmJVLZHUHSPaHYLSJVTWVY[HTPLU[VNLULYHSKLSVZKH[VZLPKLU[PJHYZ\ZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ
WYPUJPWHSLZ8\PLUOHJLLSHUmSPZPZKLILHJ\KPYHSHUmSPZPZNYmJVHU[LZKLYLHSPaHYV[YVZ[PWVZKLHUmSPZPZW\LZ
SH H`\KH ]PZ\HS WLYTP[L ZHJHY JVUJS\ZPVULZ YLZWLJ[V HS JVTWVY[HTPLU[V KL SVZ KH[VZ JVU SVZ X\L ZL J\LU[H
*VSVTIPH*VTWYH,JPLU[LWYLZLU[HHJVU[PU\HJP}UHSN\UVZ[PWVZKLNYmJVZX\LSHZ,U[PKHKLZ,Z[H[HSLZW\LKLU
\[PSPaHYLULSHUmSPZPZ!
(.YmJVKL[HSSVZ`OVQHZ
,Z[H[tJUPJHWLYTP[LVIZLY]HYSHMVYTHVKPZ[YPI\JP}UKL\UJVUQ\U[VKLKH[VZU\TtYPJVZ`LZYLJVTLUKHISL
\[PSPaHYSHJ\HUKVSH,U[PKHK,Z[H[HSUVJ\LU[HJVU\UHNYHUJHU[PKHKKLKH[VZ,Z[PSWHYHHUHSPaHYxUKPJLZJVTV
LULSJHZVKLSVZYLX\PZP[VZOHIPSP[HU[LZKLJHWHJPKHKUHUJPLYH`VYNHUPaHJPVUHS,SNYmJVKL[HSSVZ`OVQHZZL
JVUZ[Y\`LZLWHYHUKVSVZKxNP[VZKLJHKH]HSVYKLSHT\LZ[YHLUKVZNY\WVZSVZJ\HSLZZLKLUVTPUHU[HSSV`OVQH
,SWYVJLKPTPLU[VJVTUWHYHSHJVUZ[Y\JJP}UKLLZ[L[PWVKLNYmJVZLZLSZPN\PLU[L!

1. :LWHYHYJHKH\UVKLSVZ]HSVYLZKLSHT\LZ[YHLU!
 ;HSSV!+LWLUKLKLSHUHSPZ[HKLUPYJHKHJVTWVULU[LLS[HSSVZLW\LKLJVTWVULYKLSWYPTLYKxNP[VV
de los primeros dos dgitos dependiendo de la magnitud de los datos.
 /VQH!+LWLUKLKLSHUHSPZ[HKLUPYJHKHJVTWVULU[LSHOVQHZLW\LKLJVTWVULYKLSZLN\UKVKxNP[V
o del primer decimal si es el caso.
2.,U\TLYHYSVZ[HSSVZ]LY[PJHSTLU[LLUVYKLUJYLJPLU[L`[YHaHY\UHSxULH]LY[PJHSHSHKLYLJOHKLLZ[VZ
valores.
3.(NYLNHYHJHKH[HSSVSHZOVQHZJVYYLZWVUKPLU[LZLUZLU[PKVOVYPaVU[HSKLTLUVYHTH`VY,ULZ[LW\U[V
LS HUHSPZ[H KLIL KLJPKPY SV X\L OHYm JVU LS KPNP[V ZPN\PLU[L H SH OVQH ZP SV [Y\UJH V SV YLKVUKLH ,Z
YLJVTLUKHISL[Y\UJHYW\LZ[VX\LLUSHTH`VYxHKLJHZVZLZ[LUP]LSKLLZWLJPJPKHKUVHNYLNH]HSVYHS
TVTLU[VKLVIZLY]HYLSJVTWVY[HTPLU[VKLSVZKH[VZ3VZ[HSSVZX\LUVLZ[mUHJVTWH|HKVZJVUOVQHZ
LZKLJPYSHOVQHLZ\UJLYV[HTIPtUKLILU[LULYZLLUJ\LU[H`LZ[HYPUJS\PKVZLULSNYmJV
,SHUmSPZPZKLSNYmJVWLYTP[LJVUVJLYPSHKPZ[YPI\JP}UKLSVZKH[VZKLSHT\LZ[YHPPZ\NYHKVKLZPTL[YxHPPP
SVZYHUNVZTm_PTVZ`TxUPTVZP]LUX\tYHUNVZZLJVUJLU[YHUSHTH`VYxHKLSVZKH[VZLZKLJPYK}UKLOH`
Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

16

TH`VY MYLJ\LUJPH VIZLY]HUKV SH HS[\YH KL SVZ [HSSVZ ] SH JHU[PKHK ` THNUP[\K KL ]HSVYLZ X\L ZL HWHY[HU KLS
JVTWVY[HTPLU[VJVTUKLSHT\LZ[YHKH[VZH[xWPJVZLU[YLV[YHZJHYHJ[LYxZ[PJHZ
,USHZLJJP}U=0KLS4HU\HSWHYHKL[LYTPUHY`]LYPJHYSVZYLX\PZP[VZOHIPSP[HU[LZ]LYhttp://www.colombiacompra.
gov.co/manualesW\LKL]LY\ULQLTWSVKLLZ[LNYmJV
B. Histograma
,Z \UH YLWYLZLU[HJP}U NYmJH KL SH T\LZ[YH LU MVYTH KL IHYYHZ LU KVUKL SH HS[\YH KL JHKH \UH KL LZ[HZ
YLWYLZLU[H SH MYLJ\LUJPH KL KH[VZ ,S HUmSPZPZ KLS NYmJV WLYTP[L PUMLYPY LS JVTWVY[HTPLU[V KL SH T\LZ[YH 3HZ
JVUJS\ZPVULZ ZVU ZPTPSHYLZ H SHZ L_W\LZ[HZ LU LS HU[LYPVY NYmJV ( JVU[PU\HJP}U \U LQLTWSV H WHY[PY KL SVZ
siguientes datos de nivel de endeudamiento.

5P]LSKLLUKL\KHTPLU[V


 

 











Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

17

3HOLYYHTPLU[H4PJYVZVM[,_JLSLZKLNYHU\[PSPKHKWHYHLSKLZHYYVSSVKLSHUmSPZPZLZ[HKxZ[PJV`NYmJV[LUPLUKV
LUJ\LU[HX\LLZ[H[PLULSHZM\UJPVUHSPKHKLZKLSVZJVUJLW[VZ[YH[HKVZHU[LYPVYTLU[L4LKPHU[LSHZPN\PLU[LY\[H
LU ,_JLS W\LKL NYHJHY OPZ[VNYHTHZ! (YJOP]V 6WJPVULZ *VTWSLTLU[VZ /LYYHTPLU[HZ WHYH (UmSPZPZ 0Y  :L
ZLSLJJPVUHSHVWJP}U,USHVWJP}U+H[VZ]HHHWHYLJLY\UHU\L]H]LU[HUHX\LZLSSHTH(UmSPZPZKLKH[VZ`HSSx
puede seleccionar la opcin Histograma.

IV. Fuentes de Informacin

(JVU[PU\HJP}U\UHSPZ[HKLM\LU[LZKLPUMVYTHJP}UX\LZVU[PSLZWHYHSSL]HYHJHIVSVZLZ[\KPVZKLSZLJ[VY!
Tema

*VU[L_[V
econmico

Fuentes sugeridas

+(5,!^^^KHULNV]JV
(50-!^^^HUPMNV]JV
(5+0,UJ\LZ[HKLVWPUP}UPUK\Z[YPHS!^^^HUKPNV]JV
)HUJVKL3H9LWISPJH!^^^IHUYLWNV]JV
- Cmaras de Comercio
:\WLYPU[LUKLUJPHKL0UK\Z[YPH`*VTLYJPV!^^^ZPJNV]JV
-LKLZHYYVSSV!www.fedesarrollo.org.co
*VUMLJmTHYHZ!www.confecamaras.org.co
+LWHY[HTLU[V5HJPVUHSKL7SHULHJP}U+57!^^^KUWNV]JV
(ZVIHUJHYPHLJVUVTxH`UHUaHZ!^^^HZVIHUJHYPHJVT
Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

18

Tema

*VU[L_[V
tcnico

*VU[L_[V
regulatorio

*VU[L_[V
ambiental

Estudio de
la oferta

Fuentes sugerida

-4PUPZ[LYPVKLSHZ;LJUVSVNxHZKL0UMVYTHJP}U`SHZ*VT\UPJHJPVULZ!
^^^TPU[PJNV]JV
0UMVYTHJP}UNLULYHS!^^^SVZH]HUJLZ[LJUVSVNPJVZJVT
9L]PZ[H*VTW\[LY>VYSK[LJUVSVNxH!www.computerworld.com
7YLZPKLUJPHKLSH9LWISPJH!^^^WYLZPKLUJPHNV]JV
- Superintendencias
- Ministerios
(YJOP]V.LULYHSKLSH5HJP}U!^^^HYJOP]VNLULYHSNV]JV
:xU[LZPZ!^^^JVSVTIPHJVTWYHNV]JV
4PUPZ[LYPVKLS4LKPV(TIPLU[L!^^^TPUHTIPLU[LNV]JV
4PUPZ[LYPVKL4PUHZ`,ULYNxH!^^^TPUTPUHZNV]JV
0UZ[P[\[V*VSVTIPHUV(NYVWLJ\HYPV0*(!^^^PJHNV]JV
:,*67!^^^JVSVTIPHJVTWYHNV]JV
:09,4PUMVYTHJP}UUHUJPLYH"WHYHLS\ZVKLLZ[HOLYYHTPLU[HYL]PZLLSTHU\HS
KLS\Z\HYPV!^^^Z\WLYZVJPLKHKLZNV]JV
4PUPZ[LYPVKL*VTLYJPV0UK\Z[YPH`;\YPZTV+PYLJ[VYPVKLHZVJPHJPVULZ`
HNYLTPHJPVULZ!^^^TPUJP[NV]JV
- Superintendencias
- Sectoriales

:,*67!^^^JVSVTIPHJVTWYHNV]JV
Estudio de
la demanda

7mNPUHZ^LIKLSHZ,U[PKHKLZ,Z[H[HSLZ
- Encargados de compras de otras Entidades Estatales
.\xHWHYHSHJVKPJHJP}UKLIPLULZ`ZLY]PJPVZKLHJ\LYKVJVULSJ}KPNVLZ[mUKHYKL
WYVK\J[VZ`ZLY]PJPVZKL5HJPVULZ<UPKHZ<5:7:**VSVTIPH*VTWYH,JPLU[L!
^^^JVSVTIPHJVTWYHNV]JVTHU\HSLZ

Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

19

=7YVJLKPTPLU[VWHYHI\ZJHYPUMVYTHJP}UZVIYLWYVJLZVZ
de contratacin en el SECOP
Paso 1:,U[YLHSHWmNPUHKL*VSVTIPH*VTWYH,JPLU[L^^^JVSVTIPHJVTWYHNV]JV`OHNHJSPJLULSIV[}U
verde de Proveedores.

Paso 2:(WHYLJLUSHZVWJPVULZKLIZX\LKHKLSVZJVU[YH[VZZ\ZJYP[VZ/HNHJSPJLU)ZX\LKHKLWYVJLZVZ
de contratacin.

:P [PLUL LS UTLYV KLS WYVJLZV OHNH JSPJ LU I\ZJHKVY WVY UTLYV KL WYVJLZV ,S UTLYV KL WYVJLZV LZ \U
JVUZLJ\[P]VX\L\[PSPaHLS:,*67WHYHPKLU[PJHYSVZ7YVJLZVZKL*VU[YH[HJP}U,Z[LZLJVTWVULKL[YLZWHY[LZ
Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

20

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*VU[YH[HJP}U"SVZZPN\PLU[LZKVZKxNP[VZJVYYLZWVUKLUHSHTVKHSPKHKKLZLSLJJP}U\[PSPaHKH"`WVYS[PTVLSS[PTV
UTLYVZLYLLYLHSJVUZLJ\[P]VNLULYHKVH\[VTm[PJHTLU[LWVYLS:PZ[LTH,Z[LUTLYVW\LKLJVUZ\S[HYZLWHYH
JHKH7YVJLZVKL*VU[YH[HJP}ULUSHIHYYHKLKPYLJJP}UKLSL_WSVYHKVYKL0U[LYUL[KLZ\WYLMLYLUJPH,Z[L[PLULSH
ZPN\PLU[LLZ[Y\J[\YH???????????
Paso 3:*VTWSL[LSHPUMVYTHJP}UZVSPJP[HKHLUSVZYLJ\HKYVZ+LILZLSLJJPVUHYHSTLUVZKVZJYP[LYPVZKLIZX\LKH
para proceder. Haga clic en el botn Buscar.

Paso 4: ,S ZPZ[LTH WYLZLU[H SVZ KPMLYLU[LZ JVU[YH[VZ X\L [PLULU X\L ]LY JVU LS WYVK\J[V V ZLY]PJPV X\L LZ[m
I\ZJHUKV /HNH JSPJ LU SH LU UTLYV KLS WYVJLZV KL Z\ PU[LYtZ I\ZX\L WYPUJPWHSTLU[L SVZ 7YVJLZVZ KL
*VU[YH[HJP}UJ\`VLZ[HKVZLHJLSLIYHKV

Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

21

Paso 5: ,USHWHY[LZ\WLYPVYHWHYLJLYmSHPUMVYTHJP}UKLS7YVJLZVKL*VU[YH[HJP}UX\LX\PLYLJVUVJLY,USH
WHY[LPUMLYPVYZLKLZWSLNHYHU[VKVZSVZKVJ\TLU[VZX\LHJVTWH|HYVULSWYVJLZV7\LKLLUJVU[YHYSVZZPN\PLU[LZ
+VJ\TLU[VZKLS7YVJLZV!
Aviso de convocatoria
Estudio de mercado
Estudios previos
-PJOHZ[tJUPJHZ
Pliego de condiciones
Adendas
6IZLY]HJPVULZ
+VJ\TLU[VZKL]LYPJHJP}UQ\YxKPJHUHUJPLYH[tJUPJH

Gua para la Elaboracin de Estudios de Sector

22