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PIMSLEUR
pashto II
reading booklet
Acknowledgments
Pashto II
Voices
Course Writers
Reviewer
Hosai Ehsan
Executive Producer
Beverly D. Heinle
Recording Engineers
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Reading Lessons Lesson One
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Alphabet Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Lesson One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Three . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Five . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Six . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Seven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Eight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Nine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Ten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Eleven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Twelve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Thirteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Fourteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Fifteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Sixteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Seventeen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Eighteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Nineteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lesson Twenty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iv
11
13
16
19
22
25
28
31
34
37
40
43
46
49
52
54
57
60
62
65
pashto II
Lesson 1
Introduction
Pashto is an Iranian language of the IndoEuropean family. There are over 17 million speakers
of Pashto, primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan. In
Afghanistan, it is one of the two official languages,
and it is the native tongue of approximately 35% of
the population. The other official language, Dari
(Persian), is spoken by about 50%. Although Pashto
is an official language of Afghanistan and a required
subject in middle school, Dari is used primarily in
business and higher education. As a result, most
Pashtuns also speak Dari. However, many Dari
speakers do not have a good command of Pashto.
Pashto is spoken as a regional language by about
17% of the population of Pakistan. It is spoken in the
Northwest Frontier Province (Pakhtoonkhwa), in the
Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), and in
Balochistan. It is also used in some Pakistani cities
such as Karachi and Hyderabad. Pashto, however, is
not an official language in Pakistan (Urdu is the offical
language), and it is not taught in the schools.
pashto II
Introduction (continued)
Smaller communities of speakers can be found in
Northeast Iran, Tajikistan, India, and the United Arab
Emirates. The major Pashto-speaking cities are Kabul,
Jalalabad, Kandahar, Peshawar, and Quetta.
Athough Pashto has many dialects, the three
primary ones are:
1. Northern - as spoken in Kabul and Jalalabad
(Afghanistan) and in the Northwest Frontier
Province (Pakistan);
2. Southern - as spoken in Kandahar (Afganistan)
and Balochistan (western Pakistan and eastern
Iran);
3. Central - as spoken in Wazirstan (northern
Pakistan).
These three dialects are mutually intelligible. This
course teaches the northern dialect as spoken in Kabul,
which will be understood throughout all Pashtospeaking regions.
Pashto is also called Pakhto,
Pushto, Pukhto, Pashtu, or Pushtu. The variation
in spelling reflects the different pronunciations in
different regions; speakers of the northern dialect say
2
pashto II
Introduction (continued)
Pakhto, while speakers of the southern dialect say,
Pashto. This demonstrates the primary difference
between the southern dialect, which uses the /sh/ and
/zh/ sounds, and the northern dialect, which uses the
/kh/ and /gh/ sounds instead. The central dialect is
more similar in pronunciation to the southern dialect;
however, vocabulary differs somewhat.
Pashto uses a modified version of the Arabic
alphabet, with forty-six letters (some alphabet charts
will list forty-five), as opposed to twenty-eight in
Arabic. The first written records of Pashto date back
to the 16th century. In the 18th and again in the
20th century, the script was standardized to include
additional letters representing sounds specific to
Pashto. Pashto does not have capital letters, but does
use an adapted form of Western punctuation. Written
Pashto has the following characteristics:
pashto II
Introduction (continued)
It is read from right to left, except for numbers,
which go from left to right.
Pashto letters are distinguished by one, two, or
three dots, (which are placed above or below the
letter) or, in some cases, by the lack of dots.
As in English handwriting, most Pashto letters
connect to those that follow them. However, some
letters, called non-connectors, connect only to
letters that precede them.
When letters connect to a preceding letter, they
often modify their shape, undergoing a reduction
when the two are joined together.
Some letters also modify their shape according to
their position in a word depending on whether
they appear in initial, medial, or final position.
In standard written Pashto, the so-called "short
vowels" --- represented by diacritical marks --are usually omitted. The three long vowels,
however --- often appearing in transliteration as
aa, oo, and ee --- are separate letters and
are written.
The appearance of some letters may vary,
depending on the choice of font.
4
pashto II
Introduction (continued)
The Pashto II Readings are based on the
assumption that you have already done the Readings
in Pashto I and are familiar with the sounds of the
Pashto alphabet. A complete listing of the Pashto
alphabet and the diacritics follows. This chart is for
reference only, as all the information you need to do
the readings is contained on the audio.
The Readings consist of twenty lessons that will
provide practice reading words, phrases, and short
sentences using familiar vocabulary as well as new
vocabulary regarding useful topics such as food,
colors, travel, shopping, communication, and more.
Remember to always read aloud, as directed. The
process of saying the words out loud will reinforce
your Pashto language acquisition. Translations are
provided, but we recommend that you wait to read
them until after youve read the items, sounding
them out. In these reading lessons, the short vowel
diacritics will be included for unfamiliar words.
The twenty Pashto reading lessons are recorded at
the end of the program. Feel free to repeat the reading
lessons as often as necessary for practice with the
Pashto alphabet and the sounds the letters represent.
5
pashto II
Pashto Alphabet Chart
(Read from right to left.)
Spelling
alef
be
pe
te
tte
#"!
jeem
zeem or
Ze
Che
seem or
se or ce
he
khe
dal
ddal
Se
$
%
pashto II
Pashto Alphabet Chart (continued)
(Read from right to left.)
Spelling
Zaal
re
rhe
zhe
zze
ge
seen
sheen
kheen
%$
swat
zwat
twe
zwe
ain
#"!
pashto II
Pashto Alphabet Chart (continued)
(Read from right to left.)
Spelling
ghain
fe
qaf
"&
kaf
"'"
"&
gaf
#"!
""'
lam
gaf middle
meem or
miim
noon
noorh
he or
rounded
he
waw
strong
ye
ye
gaf middle
pashto II
Pashto Alphabet Chart (continued)
(Read from right to left.)
soft ye
alpha chart feminine ye page 9
feminine
ye
verbal
ye
hehamza
* wawhamza
Lesson 13 page 24
#11
Spelling
-, +*)($
10
/&.
pashto II
Diacritics
(Read from right to left.)
Diacritic
Name
Spelling
10
esson One
pashto II
Lesson One
Lesson One
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pashto II
Lesson One - Translations
1. ten
11. eight
2. two
12. one
3. thirteen
4. five
14. fourteen
5. twenty
15. eleven
6. seven
16. seventeen
7. fifteen
17. four
8. three
18. twelve
9. six
19. nine
20. twenty-five
12
pashto II
Lesson Two
Two
Lesson One
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pashto II
Lesson
Two
Lesson Two Lesson
(continued)
One
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14
pashto II
Lesson Two
One - Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
pashto II
Lesson
LessonThree
Three
Lesson
LessonThree
One
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.7.7
.8.8
.9.9
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16
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pashto II
Lesson
Lesson Three
Three
Lesson Three Lesson
(continued)
One
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8
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14
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16
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17
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18
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20
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17
pashto II
One - Translations
Lesson Three
- Translations
1. I came to Kabul last week.
2. I live in Boston now.
3. But my family lives in Kabul.
4. I have a sister and a brother.
5. My brother is older.
6. My sister is younger.
7. My brother has two children.
8. He has one son and one daughter.
9. Tomorrow I will go shopping.
10. I will go to the bazaar ...
11. because I want to buy a gift.
12. A gift for my wife and my daughter.
13. I will buy two scarves.
14. A red scarf for my wife and ...
15. the blue scarf for my daughter.
16. And maybe a book about Afghanistan.
17. Later today I will eat at the Khyber Pass.
18. I will see my friend there.
19. I will eat polao there.
20. Afghan food is very good.
18
pashto II
Lesson Four
Lesson
Lesson Four
One
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pashto II
Lesson Four
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20
pashto II
Lesson One
Four -- Translations
Translations
1. Would you take some food? (Literally, You
food eat?)
2. We will go to The Khosha Restaurant.
3. The restaurant is open until how long?
4. A table for two people, please.
5. Id like to order ... (Literally, I want to tell for
food ...)
6. bread / rice / eggs,
7. chicken / beef / lamb / fish,
8. fruit / vegetables / salad,
9. yogurt / cheese.
10. Im going to Kartenow Market ...
11. to go to buy vegetables. (Im going to go to
Kartenow Market to buy vegetables.)
12. Please give me this
13. milk / sugar,
14. salt / pepper.
15. The cake is sweet.
16. The pepper is green.
17. The apple is red.
18. The tea is hot.
19. The banana is yellow.
20. It was delicious.
21
pashto II
Lesson Five
Five
Lesson One
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.3
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.5
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pashto II
Lesson Five
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23
pashto II
Lesson One
Five - Translations
1. I have need of a new cell phone.
2. What is your cell phone number?
3. I lost my cell phone.
4. I want to make a phone call.
5. My cell phone is not working.
6. What is your home phone number?
7. I need to charge my cell phone.
8. voice mail
9. Did you leave a message?
10. Do you have a computer?
11. I want to connect my laptop.
12. The internet is not working.
13. How do I get on the internet?
14. Do you have email?
15. I want to check my email.
16. An email message has come.
17. I want to send an email.
18. website / online
19. Where is an internet cafe?
20. Have a good one. Goodbye.
24
pashto II
Lesson Six
LessonOne
Six
Lesson
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
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pashto II
Lesson Six
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26
pashto II
Lesson Six
One- -Translations
Translations
1. My car is black.
2. We cannot go on foot.
3. taxi / bus / train
4. Where can I find a taxi?
5. I want to go to the bazaar.
6. How much is the fare?
7. When will the bus leave?
8. Have a safe trip!
9. Where is the Khosha Restaurant?
10. Turn to the right.
11. Go straight ahead and ...
12. at the white building ...
13. turn to the left.
14. I am going to Peshawar by plane.
15. Where is the airport?
16. At what time is your flight?
17. The flight is late.
18. I want to go to the airport ...
19. three hours early.
20. I have two suitcases.
27
pashto II
Lesson Seven
Lesson
Seven
Lesson
One
.1
.2
.3
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.4
.5
.6
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28
pashto II
Lesson Seven
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.12
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.14
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29
pashto II
Lesson Seven
One - Translations
- Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
pashto II
Lesson Eight
Lesson
LessonEight
One
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
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20/11 lh
31
pashto II
Lesson Eight
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32
pashto II
Lesson Eight
One - -Translations
Translations
1. What is your name?
2. My name is Aman.
3. Where do you come from?
4. My mother and father live in Kabul.
5. We have a son and daughter.
6. Where does your brother work?
7. My brother works at the hospital.
8. My sister lives in Peshawar.
9. My uncles son is a doctor.
10. My uncle and my aunt ...
11. will visit next week.
12. My nephew studies in America.
13. My niece lives at home.
14. My mother-in-law and ...
15. my father-in-law live in Jalalabad.
16. My brother-in-law works at the college.
17. My sister-in-law is younger than my wife.
18. My husband is at work.
19. My grandmother and grandfather ...
20. live with my parents.
33
pashto II
Lesson Nine
Lesson
Lesson Nine
One
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
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20/11 lh
34
pashto II
Lesson Nine
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
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Lesson Nine
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pashto II
Lesson Nine
One -- Translations
Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
pashto II
Lesson Ten
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37
Lesson Ten
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pashto II
Lesson Ten
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pashto II
Lesson Ten
One--Translations
Translations
1. table
2. chairs
3. bed
4. kitchen
5. bedroom
6. plates
7. cup
8. floor
9. door
10. window
11. bathroom
12. outside
13. inside
14. Is he at home?
15. How many people live here?
16. Please do, sit.
17. We need four plates.
18. The stove is in the kitchen.
19. Please do, close the door.
20. Please do, close the window.
39
pashto II
Lesson Eleven
Lesson Eleven
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.2
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pashto II
Lesson Eleven
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41
pashto II
Lesson Eleven
One - Translations
- Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
under
newspaper
The book is under the newspaper.
after
He after work ...
ate. (He ate after work.)
before
He school ...
before ate breakfast. (He ate breakfast before
school.)
walks down
He walks down the street.
during
He drinks tea during the meeting.
behind
The boy is behind the house.
This is in Pashto.
front
in front of (the) bank
on the way
On the way there was a lot of traffic.
42
pashto II
Lesson Twelve
Lesson Twelve
.1
.2
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.4
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43
pashto II
Lesson Twelve
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... %YGF" ?G @#"7 #!'1
.12
.13
.14
.15
T<J-, T<5X'+
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12/20/11
44
pashto II
Lesson Twelve
One - Translations
- Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
pashto II
Lesson Thirteen
Lesson Thirteen
.1
;:978 65+4 32 $#
.2
.3
.4
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.5
.6
.7
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pashto II
Lesson Thirteen
Lesson
;:< 3O
...9FJ E% )('%& K# 3B /* ..13
13
.:# 3@/,
14
D YX ..14
...
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16
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17
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pashto II
Lesson Thirteen
One - Translations
- Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
pashto II
Lesson Fourteen
Lesson Fourteen
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.1
.2
.3
.4
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"
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pashto II
Lesson Fourteen
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50
pashto II
Lesson One
Fourteen
- Translations
- Translations
1. medicine
2. Where can I buy medicine?
3. I want to see a doctor.
4. I have a very bad stomachache.
5. headache
6. sore throat
7. toothache
8. fever
9. cold
10. cough
11. trouble breathing
12. pain in my chest
13. I fell
14. I hurt
15. hospital
16. glasses
17. Can you repair my glasses?
18. Where is the nearest hospital?
19. Call an ambulance, please!
20. Dont worry, I feel fine now.
51
n Fifteen
n Fifteen
pashto II
Lesson Fifteen
Lesson Fifteen
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52
pashto II
Lesson One
Fifteen
- Translations
- Translations
1. head
2. arm
3. leg (can also mean foot)
4. hand
5. finger
6. hair
7. eyes
8. nose
9. ears
10. neck
11. shoulder
12. toe
13. knee
14. heel
15. wrist
16. to smell
17. to touch
18. to feel
19. to hear
20. to see
53
pashto II
Lesson Sixteen
Lesson Sixteen
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pashto II
Lesson Sixteen
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55
pashto II
Lesson Sixteen
One - Translations
- Translations
1. shirt
2. He wore a white shirt.
3. pants
4. His pants are blue.
5. dress
6. Her dress is pretty.
7. sandal
8. The sandal is of leather.
9. turban
10. He wears a turban.
11. shawl
12. Please do, wear the shawl.
13. coat
14. When its cold, I wear a coat.
15. waistcoat
16. The youngsters wear waistcoats.
17. sweater
18. Wear a sweater.
19. bag
20. I need a bag.
56
pashto II
Lesson Seventeen
Lesson Seventeen
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Lesson Seventeen
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pashto II
Lesson Seventeen
One - Translations
- Translations
1. airport
2. luggage
3. gate
4. departure
5. arrival
6. flight number
7. airline
8. counter
9. security
10. ticket
11. seat
12. check-in
13. to be delayed
14. boarding
15. duty-free
16. domestic
17. international
18. terminal
19. cancelled
20. customs
59
n Eighteen
n Eighteen
pashto II
Lesson Eighteen
Lesson Eighteen
20/11 lh
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One
Lesson
Eighteen
60
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pashto II
Lesson Eighteen
One - Translations
- Translations
1. What do you want to buy?
2. aspirin
3. toothpaste
4. toothbrush
5. soap
6. bandages
7. comb
8. razor
9. shampoo
10. antiseptic
11. cologne
12. ointment
13. paper
14. pen
15. post card
16. stamps
17. ATM
18. gift / souvenir
19. post office
20. station
61
pashto II
Lesson Nineteen
Lesson Nineteen
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62
pashto II
Lesson Nineteen
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63
pashto II
Lesson Nineteen
One - Translations
- Translations
1. I am a student.
2. I go to college.
3. I study English (the subject) ...
4. chemistry
5. biology
6. history
7. languages
8. music
9. English (the language)
10. There are many students in my college.
11. Friday is a holiday.
12. We read many books.
13. We recite poetry.
14. Sometimes I ride a bicycle.
15. After school, I have to go to the post office.
16. Maybe one day ...
17. I will become be a teacher.
18. I will work at a bank,
19. in an office,
20. for the government.
64
pashto II
Lesson Twenty
Lesson Twenty
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65
pashto II
Lesson Twenty
Lesson Twenty Lesson
(continued)
One
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66
pashto II
Lesson Twenty
One - Translations
- Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.