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Sarah Cates

Period 3
Skull Lab Conclusion
My proposal begins with A. Africanus because it begins with a very neutral standing on
data, it has many traits that apply to both humans and monkeys such as the presence of an
eyebrow ridge or the presence of a snouted face while still having a foramen magnum location of
90 degrees indicating that the A. Africanus was upright. Due to the fact that the foramen magnum
was 90 degrees that hints that the trait of walking on all fours is one that occurred years later.
Following the A. Africanus is the A. Bosei due to the fact that we begin to see a crest begin to
form that is present in other species such as the homo neathradral. I decided to place the A Bosei
in this location because its crest is featured in many other populations either on the primate side
or the human side and acts as the common ancestor between the primates and humans. This is
where the chart splits, beginning with the primate side, the next step was to the P. Boisei which
was not part of the data. The P. Boisei is placed in that location because it shares a much stronger
resemblance to a chimp or gorilla than a human due to a very prominent snout and the presence
of a large eyebrow bone and the presence of a large crest on the top of its head. The P. Boisei
then splits off into Gorillas and Chimps which share the characteristics of a flat face and snout
with their common ancestor, the P. Boisei. Going back to the A. Bosei which is followed by the
H Erectus on the humanoid side. This was the natural course of the tree because the H Erectus
was the first strong indication of the human facial structure we know today. The H Erectus had
an upright frame (due to a 90 degree foramen magnum), a sloped forehead common among the
modern homosapien. The H Erectus then splits and leads to the H Floresiensis and the H
Heidelbergensis. The reason for the split is that the H Floresiensis was found exclusively in Asia
and features a small frame and brain cavity while still maintaining human features like rounded
forehead and the decrease in a prominent eyebrow bone. The H Heidelbergensis was found more
commonly in Europe and parts of Africa. The H Heidelbergensis was upright and features a
sloped forehead but with the presence of a brow ridge but had a much more similar facial
structure to that of a H Sapien than a primate, and features human characteristics without having
fully evolved into a H Sapien. Following the Heidelbergensis is the H Neanderthal because it has
the facial structure and size closest to that of a modern day H sapien . The angles nose and sloped
forehead indicate a more humanoid appearance and the measurements of the skull is close to that
of the H sapien. The H Sapien ends the evolutionary tree because it is the skull that had the most
human traits. It had the only pointed chin, a sloped forehead, a very small browbone and had the
lack of a snout that indicates this skull is the most human out of the bunch.

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