5/11/2016

Bison1.25InvokingBison

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InvokingBison
TheusualwaytoinvokeBisonisasfollows:
bisoninfile

Hereinfileisthegrammarfilename,whichusuallyendsin`.y'.Theparserfile'snameismadeby
replacingthe`.y'with`.tab.c'.Thus,the`bisonfoo.y'filenameyields`foo.tab.c',andthe`bison
hack/foo.y'filenameyields`hack/foo.tab.c'.

BisonOptions
Bisonsupportsbothtraditionalsingleletteroptionsandmnemoniclongoptionnames.Longoption
namesareindicatedwith`'insteadof`'.Abbreviationsforoptionnamesareallowedaslongasthey
areunique.Whenalongoptiontakesanargument,like`fileprefix',connecttheoptionnameand
theargumentwith`='.
HereisalistofoptionsthatcanbeusedwithBison,alphabetizedbyshortoption.Itisfollowedbya
crosskeyalphabetizedbylongoption.
`bfileprefix'
`fileprefix=prefix'

SpecifyaprefixtouseforallBisonoutputfilenames.Thenamesarechosenasiftheinputfile
werenamed`prefix.c'.

`d'
`defines'

Writeanextraoutputfilecontainingmacrodefinitionsforthetokentypenamesdefinedinthe
grammarandthesemanticvaluetypeYYSTYPE,aswellasafewexternvariabledeclarations.Ifthe
parseroutputfileisnamed`name.c'thenthisfileisnamed`name.h'.Thisoutputfileisessentialif
youwishtoputthedefinitionofyylexinaseparatesourcefile,becauseyylexneedstobeableto
refertotokentypecodesandthevariableyylval.SeesectionSemanticValuesofTokens.

`l'
`nolines'

Don'tputany#linepreprocessorcommandsintheparserfile.OrdinarilyBisonputstheminthe
parserfilesothattheCcompileranddebuggerswillassociateerrorswithyoursourcefile,the
grammarfile.Thisoptioncausesthemtoassociateerrorswiththeparserfile,treatingitasan
independentsourcefileinitsownright.

`n'
`noparser'

DonotincludeanyCcodeintheparserfilegeneratetablesonly.Theparserfilecontainsjust
#definedirectivesandstaticvariabledeclarations.ThisoptionalsotellsBisontowritetheCcode
forthegrammaractionsintoafilenamed`filename.act',intheformofabracesurroundedbody
fitforaswitchstatement.

`ooutfile'
`outputfile=outfile'

Specifythenameoutfilefortheparserfile.Theotheroutputfiles'namesareconstructedfrom
outfileasdescribedunderthe`v'and`d'options.

`pprefix'
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`nameprefix=prefix'

Renametheexternalsymbolsusedintheparsersothattheystartwithprefixinsteadof`yy'.The
preciselistofsymbolsrenamedisyyparse,yylex,yyerror,yynerrs,yylval,yycharandyydebug.
Forexample,ifyouuse`pc',thenamesbecomecparse,clex,andsoon.SeesectionMultiple
ParsersintheSameProgram.

`r'
`raw'

Pretendthat%rawwasspecified.SeesectionBisonDeclarationSummary.

`t'
`debug'

OutputadefinitionofthemacroYYDEBUGintotheparserfile,sothatthedebuggingfacilitiesare
compiled.SeesectionDebuggingYourParser.

`v'
`verbose'

Writeanextraoutputfilecontainingverbosedescriptionsoftheparserstatesandwhatisdonefor
eachtypeoflookaheadtokeninthatstate.Thisfilealsodescribesalltheconflicts,boththose
resolvedbyoperatorprecedenceandtheunresolvedones.Thefile'snameismadebyremoving
`.tab.c'or`.c'fromtheparseroutputfilename,andadding`.output'instead.Therefore,ifthe
inputfileis`foo.y',thentheparserfileiscalled`foo.tab.c'bydefault.Asaconsequence,the
verboseoutputfileiscalled`foo.output'.

`V'
`version'

PrinttheversionnumberofBisonandexit.

`h'
`help'

PrintasummaryofthecommandlineoptionstoBisonandexit.

`y'
`yacc'
`fixedoutputfiles'
Equivalentto`oy.tab.c'theparseroutputfileiscalled`y.tab.c',andtheotheroutputsare
called`y.output'and`y.tab.h'.ThepurposeofthisoptionistoimitateYacc'soutputfilename

conventions.Thus,thefollowingshellscriptcansubstituteforYacc:
bisony$*

OptionCrossKey
Hereisalistofoptions,alphabetizedbylongoption,tohelpyoufindthecorrespondingshortoption.

InvokingBisonunderVMS
ThecommandlinesyntaxforBisononVMSisavariantoftheusualBisoncommandsyntaxadaptedto
fitVMSconventions.
TofindtheVMSequivalentforanyBisonoption,startwiththelongoption,andsubstitutea`/'forthe
leading`',andsubstitutea`_'foreach`'inthenameofthelongoption.Forexample,thefollowing
invocationunderVMS:
bison/debug/name_prefix=barfoo.y

isequivalenttothefollowingcommandunderPOSIX.
bisondebugnameprefix=barfoo.y
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TheVMSfilesystemdoesnotpermitfilenamessuchas`foo.tab.c'.Intheaboveexample,theoutput
filewouldinsteadbenamed`foo_tab.c'.
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