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Boeing B737-600/700/800/900
Training manual
For training purposes only
LEVEL 3
74&80-00-00
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Rev : 2.1
Training manual
B737NG/74&80/301
Ignition & Starting
Table of Contents.
1. IGNITION..................................................................................................6
1.1. General Description................................................................................8
1.2. Engine Component...............................................................................10
1.3. Flight Compartment Component Locations...........................................12
1.4. Ignition Exciter......................................................................................14
1.5. Ignition Leads and Spark Igniters...........................................................16
1.6. Functional Description..........................................................................18
1.7. Operation.............................................................................................20
2. ENGINE STARTING.................................................................................24
2.1. General Description..............................................................................26
2.2. Engine Component Locations...............................................................28
2.3. FLT Compartment and EE Compartment Components..........................30
2.4. Start Valve............................................................................................32
2.5. Starter...................................................................................................34
2.6. Maintenance Practices..........................................................................36
2.7. Engine Starting - Functional Description................................................38
3. IGNITION & STARTING OPERATION......................................................40
3.1. Engine Starting Operation.....................................................................40
4. IGNITION & STARTING - TRAINING INFORMATION POINT..................42
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List of Illustrations.
ENGINE COMPONENT LOCATIONS.......................................................................................... 11
ENGINE STARTING.................................................................................................................. 43
ENGINE STARTING COMPONENT LOCATIONS......................................................................... 29
ENGINE STARTING - FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION..................................................................... 39
ENGINE STARTING - GENERAL DESCRIPTION........................................................................... 27
ENGINE STARTING - INTRODUCTION....................................................................................... 25
ENGINE STARTING OPERATION............................................................................................... 41
FLIGHT COMPARTMENT AND EE COMPARTMENT COMPONENTS........................................... 31
FLIGHT COMPARTMENT LOCATIONS...................................................................................... 13
IGNITER EXCITER.................................................................................................................... 15
IGNITION................................................................................................................................ 42
IGNITION FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION..................................................................................... 19
IGNITION - GENERAL DESCRIPTION........................................................................................... 9
IGNITION - INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 7
IGNITION LEADS AND SPARK IGNITERS................................................................................... 17
IGNITION - OPERATION........................................................................................................... 21
IGNITION - TRAINING INFORMATION POINT............................................................................ 23
STARTER................................................................................................................................. 35
STARTING SERVICING............................................................................................................. 37
START VALVE.......................................................................................................................... 33
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Accessory GearBox
Aft Looking Forward
Airplane Maintenance Manual
Common Display System
Control Display Unit
Continuous
Display Electronics Unit
Electronic Engine Control
Flight
Flight Management Computer
fFlight Management Computer System
Ground
Ignition
Left
Right
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Ignition & Starting
1. IGNITION.
The ignition systems supply electrical sparks in the combustion chamber for
combustion. Each engine has two ignition systems that operate independently.
The ignition system usually operates manually.
However, the ignition systems operate automatically when the electronic
engine control (EEC) sees a possible engine flameout condition.
You use ignition during these times :
- Ground start,
- Takeoff and landings,
- In-flight (during heavy turbulence or bad weather),
- In-flight start.
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IGNITER EXCITER
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ignition on/off switch, for an ignition exciter, works at a time. The other EEC
channel is in the standby mode.
115v ac power goes to the EEC when you move the start lever to the idle
position. The 115v ac power goes through the start lever switches that are in
the closed position. The ignition exciters receive power and supply 15,000 to
20,000v dc of electrical power to the spark igniters. The voltage goes across
the electrodes of the spark igniter to make sparks.
Automatic Control.
The EEC turns on both ignition systems of an engine automatically if one of
these conditions are true :
- The engine start lever is in the IDLE position, the start switch is in the
FLT position,
- The engine start lever is in the IDLE position, start switches in GRD or
CONT position, N2 less than idle and the airplane is in flight,
- The engine start lever is in the IDLE position, engine speed decreases
uncommanded or N2 is Less than 57% and N2 is greater than 50%.
For this condition only, both ignition systems are energized for 30
seconds,
- The engine start lever is in the IDLE position, the airplane is in flight,
start switch is in the OFF position, N2 speed is Less than idle and N2
speed is greater than 5%.
The EEC turns ignition off when these conditions are true :
Each CDS/DEU sends a digital data signals to the EEC with switch position
information. The EEC looks at the CDS/DEU digital data signal and the analog
signal. The EEC compares the two signals. If the CDS/DEU 1 or CDS/DEU 2
digital data signal to the EEC logic stops, the EEC uses the analog signal as the
flight compartment input.
The EEC uses switch position data to control four internal EEC ignition on/off
switches. These switches control the 115v ac power to the ignition exciters.
Each EEC channel (A and B) controls one ignition on/off switch to each
ignition exciter. Only one EEC channel is active at a time. Therefore, only one
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- The engine start switches are not in a position that command ignition
operation,
- Hot start on the ground,
- Wet start on the ground,
- The engine start lever is in the IDLE position, airplane is on the ground,
the engine completed a start, N2 speed goes less than 50% and EGT is
greater than the start limit
- Ignition system energized because of N2 less than idle or
uncommanded decrease in N2 and engine speed goes back to normal.
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1.7. Operation
General
These are the flight compartment controls you use to operate the engine
ignition:
* Start lever
* Ignition selector switch
* Engine start switch.
Start Lever
The start lever controls ignition electrical power to the EEC. The EEC receives
115v ac power for ignition when the start lever is in the idle position.
Ignition Selector Switch
There are three ignition selector switch positions:
* IGN L (Left spark igniter)
* IGN R (right spark igniter)
* BOTH (both spark igniters).
Engine Start Switch
There are four engine start switch selection positions:
* GRD (ground start)
* OFF
* CONT (continuous ignition)
* FLT (flight).
You use the GRD position to start the engine on the ground. See the engine
starting chapter for more information. (CHAPTER 80)
Engine Start Switch Position (OFF)
Usually the igniters do not operate when the start switch is in the OFF
position. However, the EEC turns on the ignition system automatically if the
EEC sees a possible engine flameout condition. See the functional description
page in this section for more information about this function.
Engine Start Switch Position (CONT)
The flight crew may turn the engine start switch to the CONT position at these
times:
* Takeoff
* Approach
* Landing
* Bad Weather.
The spark igniters, as selected by the ignition selector switch, turn on and
operate continuously when the switch is in this position.
Engine Start Switch Position (FLT)
Both spark igniters operate continuously when you turn the engine start
switch to FLT position. The EEC does not use the ignition selector switch
position information.
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IGNITION - OPERATION
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2. ENGINE STARTING.
The engine starting system uses pneumatic power to turn the engines N2
rotor during a start or motor procedure. Pneumatic power comes from one of
these sources :
- APU,
- Pneumatic ground equipment,
- Opposite engine.
These components control the engine start system :
- Flight compartment switches,
- Display electronics unit (DEU),
- Electronic engine control (EEC).
The engine starting system operates on the ground and in flight.
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With electrical and pneumatic power available, this happens when you put the
switch to the GRD position :
- The electronic engine control (EEC) receives a start signal,
- The APU receives an engine start signal,
- The start valve opens and the pneumatic starter turns the engine.
The crew uses the FLT position to start the engine in flight when the starter is
not necessary.
The CONT position supplies continuous ignition.
See the engine ignition chapter for more information on the ignition system.
(AMM PART I 74)
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ACU
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Functional Description
The valve solenoid energizes when you put the engine start switch to the GRD
position. This permits air pressure to the pneumatic actuator.
The pneumatic actuator force is more than the torsion spring force and the
start valve opens.
The DEUs use the valve position switch to supply indication in the flight
compartment.
You use a 3/8 inch square drive tool to manually open the valve.
A visual indicator on the valve body shows valve position.
A small hole in the left fan cowl gives you access to the manual override.
A placard is near the hole.
Training Information Point.
WARNING : REMOVE PNEUMATIC POWER FROM THE AIRPLANE BEFORE YOU
REMOVE THE START VALVE. AIR PRESSURE IN THE PNEUMATIC
STARTER DUCT COULD CAUSE INJURY.
CAUTION : DO NOT OPERATE THE MANUAL DRIVE WITHOUT PNEUMATIC
POWER AVAILABLE. YOU MUST SUPPLY PNEUMATIC POWER
TO THE VALVE TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE ACTUATOR
DIAPHRAGMS. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY PRECAUTIONS, DAMAGE
TO THE VALVE CAN OCCUR.
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START VALVE
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2.5. Starter.
The starter turns the engine for engine starting or motoring procedures.
The starter changes air pressure into mechanical energy.
Physical Description.
The starter has a single-stage, axial-flow, turbine air motor. The starter uses
reduction gears and a sprag clutch to turn the output shaft to the engine
accessory gearbox (AGB).
The starter has one port for oil drain and fill.
This port also has a magnetic chip detector.
A coupling attaches the starter to the AGB.
A coupling attaches the lower pneumatic starter air duct assembly to the top
of the starter.
Functional Description.
Pneumatic power goes through an open start valve to turn the turbine air
motor in the starter.
The turbine turns the reduction gears and engages the clutch. The clutch
transmits torque to the output shaft of the starter.
The reduction gears engage the clutch as long as pneumatic power turns the
turbine.
The starter receives a continuous flow of oil from the AGB when the engine
turns.
The oil cools and lubricates the starter :
- Clutch,
- Gears,
- Bearings.
Oil returns to the AGB. A small quantity of oil stays in the starter.
Training Information Point.
It is not necessary to add oil to the starter after installation. But, you must
supply a new starter with a small quantity of oil.
Refer to chapter 12 of the airplane maintenance manual (AMM) part II for oil
quantity requirements and procedures.
After installation, the AGB maintains the starter oil level.
WARNING : DO NOT LET ENGINE OIL STAY ON YOUR SKIN. FLUSH THE OIL
FROM YOU SKIN WITH WATER. THE OIL IS POISONOUS.
CAUTION : DO NOT HANG THE STARTER BY THE DRIVE SHAFT.
INTERNAL STARTER DAMAGE CAN OCCUR.
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STARTER
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STARTING SERVICING
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Engine Start.
This is a summary of the engine start procedure :
- Follow safety procedures and airplane and engine limitations found in
chapter 71 of the AMM part II,
- Set the ignition select switch to IGN L or IGN R,
- Put the engine start switch to the GRD position,
- Look for start valve open indication,
- Monitor N2,
- Make sure oil pressure increases,
- Check with ground personnel to make sure N1 begins to turn
counterclockwise,
- Move the engine start lever to the idle position (forward) at a minimum
of 25 percent N2,
- Make sure fuel flow is in limits,
- Make sure EGT increases,
- Monitor EGT and N2 increase until starter cutout at approximately 55
percent N2,
- Make sure engine start switch goes back to the OFF position at
approximately 55 percent N2,
- Monitor all engine parameters as engine speed increases to idle.
Training Information Point.
Usually, the engine requires only one igniter for starting.
You should use a different igniter selection for each start.
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IGNITION
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ENGINE STARTING
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