THE AMAZON

RAINFOREST

Facts about the rainforest

1. The Amazon is the world's largest tropical rainforest. Covering over 5.5 million square
kilometers, it's so big that the UK and Ireland would fit into it 17 times!
2. The Amazon is found in South America, spanning across Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador,
Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana.
3. Running through the north of the rainforest is the Amazon river. Flowing a length of around
6,400km, it is the second longest river in the world. The longest is the river Nile, stretching an
even longer 6,650km.
4. In 2007, a man named Martin Strel swam the entire length of the Amazon river! To complete his
splashing jungle journey, Martin powered through the water for up to ten hours a day for 66 days!
5. Around 400-500 indigenous Amerindian tribes call the Amazon rainforest home. It's believed
that about fifty of these tribes have never had contact with the outside world!
6. The Amazon has an incredibly rich ecosystem - there are around 40,000 plant species, 1,300
bird species, 3,000 types of fish, 430 mammals and a whopping 2.5 million different insects.

DEFORESTATION
Deforestation

is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas.

The main sources of deforestation in the Amazon are human settlement
and development of the land.Prior to the early 1960s, access to the
forest's interior was highly restricted, and the forest remained basically
intact.

Farms

established during the 1960s were based on crop cultivation and

the slash and burn method. However, the colonists were unable to
manage their fields and the crops because of the loss of soil fertility and
weed invasion.The soils in the Amazon are productive for just a short
period of time, so farmers are constantly moving to new areas and
clearing more land. These farming practices led to deforestation and
caused extensive environmental damage.Deforestation is considerable,
and areas cleared of forest are visible to the naked eye from outer space.

 In

the 1970s construction began on a highway. This highway represented a

major threat to the Amazon rainforest.Fortunately for the rainforest, the
highway has not been completed, hereby reducing the environmental damage.

Between

1991 and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from
415,000 to 587,000 square kilometers (160,000 to 227,000 sq. mi), with most of
the lost forest becoming pasture for cattle.

Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon, and 91% of land
deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pasture .Currently, Brazil is the
second-largest global producer of soybeans after the United States. New
research has shown that the more rainforest is logged in the Amazon, the less
precipitation reaches the area and so the lower the yield per hectare becomes.
So despite the popular perception, there has been no economical advantage for
Brazil from logging rainforest zones and converting these to pastoral fields.

CLIMATE CHANGE
Environmentalists

are concerned about loss of biodiversity that will

result from destruction of the forest, and also about the release of
the carbon contained within the vegetation, which could cause
global warming . Amazonian evergreen forests account for about
10% of the world's terrestrial primary productivity and 10% of the
carbon stores in ecosystems of the order of 1.1 1011 metric
tones of carbon. Amazonian forests are estimated to have
accumulated 0.62 tons of carbon per hectare per year between
1975 and 1996.

2009 study found that a 4 C rise in global temperatures by 2100

would kill 85% of the Amazon rainforest while a temperature rise of
3 C would kill some 75% of the Amazon.

Animals in the rainforest

There

are many animals in the rainforest

who are in danger due to deforestation.
Examples-Howler monkey, jaguar, sloths
,hoatzin.

Images of the endangered

animals

By Rachel o'
Rourke