Unit 3 Assignment 1

BTEC Public Services

Nicola Avitabile
Meaning and Benefits of Citizenship and Diversity
In this assignment I will be explaining the meanings and advantages of citizenship and diversity
and how its involved in the public services. It is very important that public service employees know
these meanings and how they affect their communities.

-CitizenshipA citizen is essentially a person who is a member of a country, state or political environment such
as Hong Kong. Citizens can be defined through different ways such as birth place, family,
residence and economy in which they are contributing in terms of tax. Although these things can
define a citizen a person is not necessarily a citizen because they live or are born in a specific
place.
Normally citizens are defined with the term legal citizen which is basically where a person meets all
requirements set be a particular government. These can have things such as how long someone
has live in the country, where the person was born and other similar factors. A legal citizen is
allowed to reside in a specific environment permanently as long as the government assigns them a
legal document allowing them to do so.
The second way that citizens can be looked at are moral and political citizens. These are people
who must portray interest in the political environment in order to gain citizenship. This form of
citizenship is shown through helping society in terms of doing volunteer work.
People say that being a citizen is restricted by the borders of a country however when looking at
moral citizenship citizens can make a difference on a global scale by helping to put an end to
issues in regards to slavery, drug trafficking and more. So this is a global citizen and they try to
make a difference to not only make a difference to their community but to the global community.
Another three ways to describe citizens are:
Social and moral responsibility - this is basically when people are considered of there peers
and other citizens in the community, for example those who have a certain level of power such
as the public services. This idea brings forward the significance of having civic duty. What this
is, is understanding how important it is to care and have a responsibility for others in a society
and at the same time that person/individual knows other people have a responsibility for them.
This is all about supporting each other in order to provide welfare in a community.
Political literacy - this is where citizens have a foundation of knowledge regarding politics. This
is understanding how the government operates in a particular country and how one can get
himself/herself involved in political movements/activities.
Community Involvement - This is where a citizen could be interested in things going around in
the community and may want to get involved in things such as community beach clean ups and
other activities.

-Legal View of CitizenshipA person in a particular country may need to have specific requirements set by the country. This
can be different for different nations and requirements in some nations are much more demanding
than others. For example in Hong Kong where to become a permanent resident one must have
lived here for a full 7 years whilst working and having a table income. In the UK there are two
different ways to become a citizen. Number 1 is registration - this is where a person has

connections with the UK through connections such as British overseas citizenship which is where a
person has nationality of a nation that was a previous common wealth country. If that person
wishes to be a British resident again they can simply apply by registering on the designated
portals. The second way is naturalisation - this is where people who have no connections with the
UK get an opportunity to become a British citizen. The requirements are as follows: they have to
live in the UK for over 5 years, they must be 18 years old plus, they must have no major criminal
records, they need to present that they have good intentions on what they are seeking citizenship
for, they must be have a nice personality and need to have basic knowledge of English, Welsh of
Gaelic. Another additional method of gaining citizenship is threw individuals having a spouse from
the UK where the individual seeking citizenship only has to reside in the UK for a period of 3 years.

-Public Services View Of CitizenshipIt is important hat public services staff members understand the idea behind moral citizenship by
applying it everyday on the job. They should show that they care by performing several acts of
moral responsibility such as making the community safer, respecting all people of different
nationalities and religions and social beliefs, taking a responsibility for others, taking a
responsibility for the environment, improving skills and be passionate about taking on new
challenges.
All public services have different purposes in the community but they all have similar aims and
objectives when showing moral citizenship to the community. Staff working in public services
require a lot of training in order to get them ready for daily challenges. When a public service
needs to spend money on training the candidate need to be passionate and understand the idea
behind moral citizenship and what exactly they need to do in order to serve their community.

-Qualities of Good CitizensGood citizens have the following qualities:

dedication - good citizens have commitment towards society and their community. They stop at
nothing to complete tasks that will help the community
responsibility - good citizens take on responsibility. for society. They perform activities to find
solutions rather than sitting and pointing their fingers at the government. This can be seen
through people setting organisations such as charities to tackle issues in the community.
participation in community activities - good citizens volunteer in community activities to make
their overall community a better place to live.
good attitude - good citizens consistently show a good attitude to peers and others in a
community. They don't discriminate and have respect for the people around them.
awareness of others - good citizens are aware of the needs for others in the community and do
their best to help provide for them.

-DiversityThis is the extent of various noticeable and non noticeable differences of people. These can
include visible elements such a skin, colour hair, physical disabilities and gender as well as non
visible elements such as sexuality, religious beliefs and mental disabilities. People of different
ethnic groups as well as different religions, genders and sexual beliefs exist in different parts of the
world and often can be different based on the place. It is very important that all citizens of the world
accept those of different diversity features and do not discriminate them in any way. It is absolutely
crucial that diversity acceptance is present in the public services as they often act as role models
towards society. It is very beneficial for pubic services organisations to have employees from a
diverse range of backgrounds. This brings greater understanding of different cultures and religions

as well as different languages in order to communicate better with society. This allows the public
services to better understand everyone in a community and to be able to treat everyone equally.
Composition of the local and national community - places with emerging economies such and new
environments such as Hong Kong must be aware of different cultures and religious beliefs in order
to deal with situations which involves people with such different beliefs. This allows governments
and citizens to be able to treat different people fairly and equally. This is extremely important in
public services organisations expecially in the work place.
Different ethnic groups should be accepted in the workplace in public service environments as they
have a huge benefit towards these organisations. Having a diverse workforce positively impacts
society as it allows public services to be able to attend to more diverse groups correctly and fairly
to avoid discrimination of any kind maintaining trust in such services.

-TerminologyRacism/Racist - Is a divide of the population into different sets as a result of their physical
attributes. For example skin colour or their clothing. Racism occurs when some of these sets are
discriminated and are believed to be not as important and valuable as another set. A person who
carries out this discrimination is considered racist.
Institutional Racism - This happens in organisations in both the private and public sector. This is
where such organisations lack success in providing a fair and professional service to individuals
based or their religion, sexuality, culture, ethnicity and hair. It occurs when organisations fail to
place images of ethnic minorities in promotional and recruitment materials.
Multiculturalism - This is basically where different ethnic groups and members of different cultural
and religious beliefs are considered equal in a community and no single group is considered
superior.
Ethnocentricity - This is where a person believes that their own ethnic, religious or cultural group is
more significant than others. And that other groups are considered secondary in comparison to
them.
Sexism - This is gender discrimination which is basically where one gender believes that they are
more significant than another. An example can be when private companies as well as public
services accept more male workers than females.
Heterosexist - Where members of dual sex relationships believe they are better than homosexual
relationships and may discriminate against them or try to get such relationships banned.
Homophobia - Basically a dislike or fear towards homosexual individuals and relationships. Often
homophobia is a reason for discrimination and conflicts in society which can lead to fights and
other violent acts.
Equal Opportunities - This is where all members of society are treated without discrimination. This
includes having an equal opportunity in the workplace, place of residence and schools. This can
also be applied when measuring performance of individuals where output and handwork is
assessed is taken into account rather than a persons visible features or beliefs.
Equality - Where people are treated the same and everyone is as valuable as each other.
Inequality is where one group of people believe and take actions to make themselves seem
superior and get better treatment than others.

Prejudice - This is when a belief about a certain problem or individual is fully based on the
stereotypes. When ethnic groups and members of different beliefs think in a specific way that
purposely discriminates others it is considered prejudice. This can be done in two ways, firstly it
can be done overtly where organisations such as public services think certain ethnic groups and
members of different beliefs are less desirable than others leading them to reject applications for
jobs amongst these groups without them knowing. The other form of prejudice is covert prejudice
which is where it is done not on purpose.
Harassment - This is when different people from different ethnic groups and beliefs are together.
Things that may arise as a result of discrimination are offensive comments, unwanted touching and
violence which is considered harassment.
Victimisation - This is when someone is not treated fairly or equally. This can be where someone
brings forward complaints of discrimination to ferment organisations.
Disability - This is when someone has a mental or physical impairment which may have an effect
on their everyday lives. Disability can lead to a range of different things such as not being able to:
hear, ready walk or feel or it can lead to mental health problems such as ADHD.
Direct and indirect discrimination - Discrimination is when someone is treated differently and
unequally as a result of their ethnic background gender, hair, sexuality, cultural and religious
beliefs. Direct discrimination is when an individual is purposely racist towards another individual
based on their characteristics such as when choosing not to sit with an ethnic minority on public
transportations. Indirect discriminations is when services such as the public services fail to provide
fair service towards ethnic minorities due to not being aware of their cultural and religious beliefs.

-ConceptsIntegration - This is essentially where different religious and cultural belief groups integrate
themselves into a wider community. This means living, working and attending the same schools as
people of different cultures and religious beliefs. Occasionally in the process of integration religious
groups are not openly accepted. An example of this in the past was in South Africa when the
coloured were apartheid.
Tolerance - This is the level of desire that members of a community have towards accepting other
cultures and beliefs. There are often people who cannot accept those of different beliefs and can
cause a huge dilemma withering a community. Having people with such minimal desire can lead to
a difficulty towards members of different cultures and religions when seeking jobs or finding a place
in school.
Multiculturalism - While some countries have obvious national identities such as China some don't
such as Hong Kong. This is due to the percentage of the population which consider themselves
Chinese in China whilst in Hong Kong the populations of expats (non Hong Kong Chinese) is far
greater. This shows that Hong Kong is definitely far greater at accepting those of different cultural
and religious beliefs.
Rights and responsibilities of individuals - In each country there is a relationship between the
government and the citizens. Every citizen has a group of rights however they also have a variety
of different responsibilities. The government carry out changes and developments on behalf of their
citizens and encourage them to take part in whatever way they can. An example is in Singapore
where each citizen has the right to remain, exit and enter at any given time however they have the
obligations of performing a national service which is 2 years of military training in order to defend
their country if needed. In addition to legal rights and responsibilities citizens also have moral
responsibilities these include:

rights and responsibilities - an example is in the UK is that each citizen is entitled to free
education and the national health service however each year they are required to pay tax
responsibilities to others - every citizen has the responsibility to help others in whatever way
they can. They must be able to cooperate and not discriminate others in any way

Public life and affairs - Every citizen has the responsibility of being a role model for others. They
should all do what is right in order for other to trust them expecially for those who work in the pubic
service.
Behaviour and actions - A citizen behaviour and actions portray the level of care they have for
society and their community. If a citizen were to litter it would almost show the don't really care
about the environment in the community.
Equal opportunities and positive action on inclusion - For every person within any community
opportunities which are equal are vey important. Everyone wishes to be treated equally and fairly
as well as to be respected. All members of society should be able to receive these things
regardless of their race, beliefs, disability, hair and gender. Positive action is basically where
people are encouraged to take part in actions to provide better service for people of ethnic minority
groups during the recruitment process for jobs. This does not guarantee any change however it
increases the fairness of treatment and allows ethnic minorities to be considered as equally.
Corporate social responsibility - This is the level of support an organisation such as the public
services has on the community and society. This is basically the level of ethical acts a company or
public services organisation has on improving a community. This can be helping with issues related
to the environment or by treating employees better.

-Benefits of a Good CitizenVolunteers in the public services - Good citizens benefit society in a range of different ways. A way
that citizens can be seen as a good one is through volunteering. There are numerous of ways
citizens can volunteer to do public service jobs these include St. Johns ambulance, special police
sortable, life boat volunteers and retained firefighters. Most of the time these organisations do not
compensate these citizens as they are on a volunteer basis. They usually work part time or are
only on the job when there is an emergency. Although there are benefits to society it is very difficult
for citizens to volunteer for these organisations due to financial issues such as being able to
support families.
The Benefits:
improve society and makes a positive difference - good citizens could make a community better
by improving the environment that they live in. They encourage communities to stick together
and are proud of their community as a whole. They act as role models for young people.
protects the environment - good citizens ensure that they are caring for the environment. They
do what they can to promote environmental campaigns and to clear up rubbish in the
community. They may also take part and volunteer for organisations who take global issues
such as green peace fighting for a more sustainable planet.
challenges in justice and enable fairness - good citizens challenge injustice in the sense that
they wish to fight against racism and homophobic actions as well as other discriminatory
violations. They wish to provide fairness in the society as well as equality for all and challenge
legislations and government treatment against these individuals.
Volunteers in the community - There are many people who spend time to help communities
through volunteering which helps environmental and charity organisations. Volunteering provides
people with a range of skills that can help in life expecially amongst the younger generations.
Adding value and supporting society - Volunteers help communities in a range of different ways
and add value to society through the help that they provide.

-The Importance Of Good Citizens In Respecting Equality To The Public ServicesIn this section I will analyse how important good citizens are for the public services when
respecting equality:
Racism does not appear to help or benefit the public services in any way as it is one reason for
violence and disputes, which cause more work for the public services in organisation such as the
police and more calls will be made to things such a paramedic services. Racism also makes the
public services work place difficult as it it may be harmful to the organisation if employees cannot
work well together, causing a lack of efficiency within the organisation meaning less people in the
community being helped and served efficiently.
Institutional racism is often an issue in the public services during recruitment, promotion and other
key human resources decisions. Institutional racism can provide public services organisations with
a bad image as if they fail to employ a diverse workforce they will appear racist and may loose trust
amongst the community and society, which will make citizens feel like they cannot rely on them
when in need.
Multiculturalism can be a huge benefit for the public services organisations in particular to
organisations such as the police force as it allows the organisations to serve more ethnic
backgrounds and members of different cultural beliefs and religions better due to a better
understanding of what they believe in and things they value, etc. Greater multiculturalism in a
society is beneficial to the public services as it leads to fewer fights due to discrimination and make
the environment safer.
Ethnocentricity can be harmful to society and the public services as with people believing that their
culture, race and/or background is more significant than others will cause a great deal of
discrimination, which again can lead to fights proving a nuisance to the public services. This can
also be harmful in the workplace as again workers may feel that they shouldnt be given
instructions by a particular individual and disputes can arise as well as the workforce being less
efficient and more peoples lives being put at risk as they cannot work well as a team together.
Sexism in society can cause anther nuisance for the public services as violent acts and sexual
abuse can arise from such beliefs. Sexual harassment is a very big crime in society and should be
minimised at whatever cost as it creates a real big issue amongst a population and sexism is one
thing that can be blamed for this. Sexism also adds a workload to the police force as there are
hundreds of police case being filled as well as violent acts which result in the paramedics getting
involved. But also human resources need to make sure they are not accused of being sexist on the
way they hire in the public services so marketing needs to target all genders.
Heterosexism and homophobia can similarly cause disputes in society and be a reason for violent
acts and disputes. Not being able to accept homosexual relationships can cause a huge gap within
the society and public services like government organisations would have to do what they can to
help integrate this sexual group within the society. Also there are many protest nowadays to do
with LGBT rights which means the police needs to keep control of the whole situation as well as
dealing with police reports and hatred groups on social media which could be cyber bullying and
harassing citizens.
Equal opportunities and equality is beneficial in the public services workforce due to government
organisations appearing ethical and open to different religious, cultural and ethnic groups. The
public services benefit from this as they can appear to be taking in all these different cultures and
respecting people for who they are making citizens happier with the community they are in and
developing mutual understandings reducing accusation of racism and reducing the workload on the
public services.

Prejudice can be harmful to the public services in the workplace as it is often the main reason why
too few ethnic minorities are recruited due to the selection process being based on a persons
background or physical features rather than their qualities, skills and qualifications. In the society
again prejudice could cause fights but also organised protests.Verbal use against companies is
another thing that could arise and all these things have one thing in common, it is adding to the
workload of the public services and reducing their time in looking into other areas that could be
worked on within the society.
Harassment can be an issue in the public services workplace as it is really causing internal crimes
which would need to mean the public services now have to focus on dealing with problems within
their own establishment rather than what they are meant to be doing, which is looking after the
community. Within the community again this is causing more violence and nuisances meaning that
the police as well as medical services need to get involved and also the government may have to
rethink laws and they way they are preventing it such as by teaching kids from young age in the
public schooling system.
Victimisation can be a huge issue in society as it can cause people to be exploited and treated
unfairly based on the way they look or their beliefs which is often the reason for police reports and
investigations, especially where violent acts are present. Victimisation may also be present in the
workplace which cause a huge issue in regards to efficiency due to bad team cohesion and poor
motivation of staff as a result of victimisation.
Disability discrimination can be a disadvantage to the society and public services as it can lead
onto other things like harassment and a lack of equality and as mentioned before this can lead to
violence or other crimes adding the police and paramedic work load.
Integration - citizens that respect the process of integration is beneficial to the public services as it
makes it easier for the ethnic minorities to become part of the community. This minimises the
chances of violent acts, harassment and verbal abuse thus minimising the public services
involvement in having to clear things up but also is beneficial to the government as there are more
happy tax payers.
Tolerance - Citizens who have tolerance in being open and welcoming towards various cultural and
religious beliefs can very much help the public services as it minimises the amount of issues within
a community again minimising crimes. In the public services all required to have tolerance in order
to be able to treat citizens fairly and not make decisions based on physical attributes and/or beliefs.
Positive action on inclusion - the encouragement of ethnic minorities joining a wider community is
very beneficial to the public services as it minimises the level of discrimination within the
community making it a safer environment for all. Positive action of inclusion can also be implanted
into public services organisations which provides a more ethical recruitment process, which means
all application are considered based on their qualities rather physical attributes.
Corporate and social responsibility - This can be beneficial towards the public services as it
provides support from private sector businesses minimising the needs for public services
organisation to do so. This provides less work for the public services whilst still having the society
still improving and helping others.
Volunteers in the public services - this is very important to the public services as they provide extra
staff and workforce in order to help society without increasing the cost too much which instead can
be used on infrastructural development and other community expenditures. In the event of big
emergencies volunteers are a crucial part as the provide the necessary man power in order to help
society and make it a better place.

-Role of Good Citizens In Supporting the Public Services-Improves society and makes a differenceAdvantages - The advantages of citizens improving the society and making a positive difference is
that it allows them to make society a better place an to improve the community in which they live
in. These people help to minimise the amount of crime through taking initiative to improve society
by doing things like making the,selves role models for the younger generation how how to treat
other based on how they look, which will in turn reduce people in the future being racist and
discriminatory. Improving society helps those in need which essentially meets the aim of a moral
citizen. This supports public services by reducing the need of spending money on having to start
up government organisations to help those in need such as government charities. If the society
around is already improving the society the government could then focus on spending the money
elsewhere like infrastructural development or boosting the countries economy rather than focusing
on having to help those in need due to a lack of effort from other people in the community. The final
advantage is that people within the community working together will improve cohesion amongst
them. This means that everyone will not only feel safer but there will be a substantial reduction of
fights and violence thus meaning less police crimes and paramedic being called onto duty.
Disadvantages - The citizens within a community may have a different idea of what is good in the
eyes of the public services and the government behind them. This is where they could start to
interfere with future government developments and could cause disputes and protests leading to
more violence. Secondly people within a community could also have different ideas and have
conflicting interests. This could cause people to try form activist groups and again more disputes
and arguments could arise being a burden on the police force.
Implications of not playing that role - If the citizens do not put an effort in improving the society the
first thing that would have to be done is the government needs to invest capital in doing so. They
would have to invest money in organisations such as charities as well as try initiate things like
sponsored beach clean ups and such. With a society which is lacking there is also bound to be
more crimes, less overall safety and more viruses meaning that more has to also be spent on the
public services and the different establishments to look after ill people. All this drives the economy
of a country down.
My view - In my opinion citizens that improve society and make a positive difference are really
beneficial to the public service and the government. They reduce their work load and are seen to
be as an asset to the society. They allow the community to not only improve but to spend money
on different areas which could improve the overall lifestyle such as having more benefits within the
society. They also make things easier on the public services as there are less crime and other
cases they need to assist as the community is overall a nicer and calmer place with people in a
good state of mind.

-Protects the environmentAdvantages - A citizen who looks after the environment and take an active role in making the
environment better for the whole community can be beneficial to the government and the public
services in many ways. First of all the government does not have to spend as much money on
developing organisations that look after cleaning up or on planting more trees if the community and
tis citizens are already playing an active role in this, this allowing money to be spent elsewhere.
Another thing is a poor environment essentially could cause more illnesses such as pulmonary
diseases and this means that the paramedics would have to attend to much more cases and would
add to their workload. Also things like trees falling and people littering would affect firefighter and
police officers, so by people looking after this and trying to prevent these things there is a reduction
of workload on the public services.

Disadvantages - In terms of the disadvantages there is nothing to major, as at the end of the day
you are trying to help the plant and the community. One disadvantage is that people could take
things too far and start to go against the government and what they are doing. There have been
many cases where the government tries to cut down trees to build commercial buildings or recently
in Hong Kong how they tried to build a 3rd runway, which would affect the sea life. When the
community and government have disputes this can result in protests and violence adding to the
public services work load.
Implications of not playing that role - By citizens not long after the environment what could happen
is that obviously the community decreases in quality in terms of their being more pollution and ore
litter around the city. This would not only increase things such as power shortages, more illnesses
but also animals starting to die and more bugs infecting homes all adding work to the public
services but also to the government as they would have to increase things such as coal mining and
adding more power supply and water supply to the community. Additionally it would bring down the
communities positivity meaning less cohesion amongst the citizens which could lead to violence
and more police involvement.
My view - In my opinion activist within the community which are trying to improve the environment
are not only helping the community but the planet as a whole. They are helping conserve a
communities resources and in turn helping each and every citizen within the area. They are
reducing a large amount of problems as well as costs for the government as being unsustainable is
very costly. They are also helping the society be healthier and people can live longer. Without
citizens looking after the environment I feel that a community would be impacted negatively
substantially.

-Challenges injustice and Enables fairnessAdvantages - The first advantage of a citizen fighting for justice and making sure the system is fair
is that many times citizens are actually fighting for things such as increasing the minimum wage or
allowing people from ethnic minorities to have more job opportunities. Although this may sounds as
a disadvantage due to things like the police having to look after the protesters, actually in turn it will
benefit them as they can see things like getting pay rises and having a stronger and more diverse
workforce which is more efficient with dealing with different cultured groups. Another advantage is
that this people could uncover loopholes and things that the government have not been aware of
and needs to be changed to better the community.
Disadvantages - In this case the disadvantages are that at times these protests could be against
the law and very discriminatory to the government which would mean the police have to get
involved and calm down the violence and make any inappropriate arrests. Also the government or
even people almost the community may have conflicting ideas on what justice and fairness is and
again this is where arguments, disputes and violence may arise again meaning the public service
have to get involved and deal with this problem. Where things get complicated is that public
services are also citizens when off duty and they may have opinions on justice as well and when
they start protesting this could get difficult within the workplace as they are essentially going
against the government and this would reduce team cohesion and reduce the amount of staff in the
public services putting the public at risk.
Implications of not playing that role - Without people fighting for the rights of its fellow citizens and
the people they care about there would be a lot of problems within the government, community and
also public services. The whole point of more and more countries becoming a democracy is
because peoples freedom of speech can actually be very beneficial as you see a whole range of
opinions on something rather than just some high class political figures making all the decisions.
Without citizens fighting for fair rights the government would simply make everything based on how
they could benefit from things and in turn could leave members of the public service unhappy as
well, overall creating lack of team cohesion and therefore efficiency.

My view - In my opinion citizens who are trying to make the system more fair can be very beneficial
in certain areas. There is always a border on what people can say within a community and some
citizens may sometimes cross this line, like some people have done in China before resulting in a
lot of violence and major international disputes all which is not great for the government and the
overall cohesion of the community. So in my opinion as long as the protest are kept peaceful and
with a reasonable point being made it is beneficial but once things get aggressive it is just another
problem for the public services.

-VolunteeringAdvantages - There are many advantages of volunteering towards the public services. Volunteers
allow the public services to increase their numbers where needed, such as when there is a major
incident. Volunteers working part time fill in the role of public services to allow for a larger
workforce in order to serve a greater number of citizens to keep them safe. Volunteers can
decrease government spendings as they do not get paid, allowing the public services to spend
more money on other things like vehicles and alarms. It can also allow the government to spend
money on developing infrastructure and healthcare benefits instead of hiring staff. Volunteers for
charity can help the public services through decreasing the need to hire staff for government
charity organisations.
Disadvantages - The disadvantage of volunteers to the public services is that volunteers often do
not get trained to the level of full time public services staff. This can be a problem when responding
to an emergency where a volunteer may not be as skilled to perform a task as a trained
professional who has gotten the full training. Another thing is that training can cost money to the
public service organisations if they are to train volunteers, often these volunteers may only work a
few hours a week, meaning that a lot of money can be spent for very little return for the public
services.
Implications of not playing that role - If there were no volunteers in society and in communities
there could be a huge issue as government organisations and the public services would spend a
lot more money hiring staff, when it could be spent somewhere else. Also public services may not
have the numbers that they need for their community without volunteers which can be a huge
problem when emergencies occur.
My view - I think that volunteers are very useful towards society and the public services because
they give free labour to these organisations, performing tasks while not being paid, allowing for
money to be spent on other things. They help citizens feel safer as it can appear that there are
more public services employees due to having volunteers in the public services. Overall I would
say that volunteers are a huge asset to any public services and all organisations should be open to
this.

Bibliography:
BTEC LEVEL 3 PEARSON BOOK 1 TEXTBOOK. Bevan, John. BTEC Level 3 Business. London:
Edexcel, 2010. Print.