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Library management system of university of

agriculture Faisalabad:
Abstract:
The purpose of this project is to develop the computerized library
management system for the university of agriculture Faisalabad. The main
purpose of the project is to design and implement the computer based
database of all the management of library.
The computerized library is large knowledge base system which covered all
the library information. With the help of developed system, mistakes and
problems of manual system were minimized. Furthermore, different types of
reports can be generated easily. The developed system reduces the chance
of error and duplication and makes it easy to get the record of any student,
books and relevant information. Moreover, by this system different types of
reports can be generated which provides an efficient results with high
reliability than manual system. It also provides facility to add, delete and
update the record of student in user friendly graphical user interface (GUI)
environment. The GUI environment facilities the staff to enter the record
through keyboard and faster access to the record.

Introduction:
Introduction to the Research:
This project is totally computerized, its concern to computerized based
library management system of the UAF. In this project I will make
computerized software on which all books of library will be available to
everyone. All books present in the library will be converted into digital
format. After the completion of this project, I hope this project will remove a
lot of the problems of the students.
Students waste a lot of time in a library by searching books here and there.
They may or may not be able to find a book due to some reasons. Books may
be issued or the place of the book may be changed. But in online library
there is no need to search manually, you just type the title of the book or
author name in the search box and the book will be automatically be
displayed on the monitor screen if the book is present in the database.

Introduction of library:

The library of the UAF contains about 50,000 books. To search a book
manually from 50,000 books is not an easy job. In this library a lot of books
are present for research purpose and for references which are not issue able.
In the library there are many books present which are related to literature,
advance technologies in the agriculture field, very expensive books related
to physics, chemistry, biology, computer and engineering are also present
which are not affordable for every student. By making this library
computerized, we can help our students to find or issue a book more easily.

Existing system:
We study the existing system carefully.
The existing system is manual with following properties:

The current system is manual. All the work is being done on registers,
papers and printed sheets that are available in the market.
In the existing system, a clerk has to update a single entry several
times. So more efforts are needed for a single job to do.
Human beings are slower than machines. A manual work always need
more time to do a same job than machines. The current system is
manual and it is slower.
Sorting out records and depicting than in an order to create a report
needs a lot of time. Indexing of a large number of records in a manual
system usually fails. So to generate a report at any time is difficult.
In manual system all stationary should kept for future use. A big junk of
these records also needs a separate indexing, maintaining and staff to
handle it.
Expert person are needed to record information accurately and
generating reports.

Drawbacks of existing system:

1. In the existing system, all the calculations are done manually thus
having the great chance of error occurrence.
2. A large number of books are present in the library for a limited number
of students.
3. Fresh arrivals of books and the books present in Urdu section are not
issue able.
4. accommodation and timing problem
5. Searching of book is very difficult.
6. The books are being damaged by some students.
7. Management and discipline problem.

8. The library is almost filling. So it is difficult to make room for the new
once.
9. Long access time is required to generate reports for specific time
period.
10.
Have no proper database for the purpose of keeping precious
data.
11.
By using registers the updating process is inefficient.
12.
Too much stationary wastage which is very costly.
13. There is a problem of security because all the information is present on
papers and registers, so it can be misused easily.

Proposed system:
This new computerized system is ensuring promptness; timely retrieve
of any record concerned to any book. That is handling the information
of any student who will issue or return the book; it can also retrieve
reports in time. In time of feeding this system stores the overall
information of books which are present in the library or issued to
students. It provides correctness and reliability.
The complete information of every book is available at any time. Every
book is a awarded unique ID number which is going to be issue. It
provides the whole information to everyone all the time (Gane, 1997)
The main objective of the computer system is to provide a
computerized database system which also produced quality reports.
The broad based objectives include removing data redundancy, no
time consumption, less no, of persons and providing a quality
information system to manage and clients to generate improved and
quality reports which help the management to make better decisions
for improving of the organization.
A computers language of instruction and information is a programming
language. Information expressed in a programming language is called
data. There are many flavors of data. Numbers are one class of data.
Numbers series belong to the class of compound data, because each
series is made up of other pieces of smaller pieces of data, namely,
numbers. To construct the two kinds of data, we also call numbers
atomic data. Letters are other examples of atomic data; family trees
are compound data. Data represents information, but the concrete
interpretation is up to us (felleisen et al, 2003).

Introduction to project:

The project goal is to develop a computerized library for the UAF. The
computerized system will provide the accurate and timely information

for the management, for decision purposes. The main function of the
system is to track the books available and which are issued.
During system design, developers define the design goals of the
project and decompose the system into smaller subsystems that can
be realized by individual teams. Developers also select strategies for
building the system, such as the hardware/software platform on which
the system will run the persistent data management strategy, the
global control flow,
the access control policy, and the handling of
boundary conditions. The result of system design is a clear description
of each of these strategies, subsystem decomposition, and a
developed diagram representing the hardware/software mapping of the
system.
Whereas both analysis and system design produce models of the
system under construction, only analysis deals with entitles that the
client can understand (Brugge and Allen, 2004).

Developed system:

The perceived system is user friendly interface, graphical user


interface and based on the relational database management system
(RDBMS). Weaving sales and purchases system is cable to generate
different reports. Latest technology has been utilized to develop this
system with more flexibility, reliability and performance.
Database and database system have become an essential component
of everyday life in modern society. Databases and database technology
are having a major impact on the growing use of computers. It is fair to
say that database play a critical role in almost all areas in computers
are used, including business, engineering, medicine, law, education
and library science, to name a few. A database has some source from
which data are derived, some degree of interaction with events in the
real world and an audience that is activity interested in the contents of
the database (Elmasri and Shamkant, 2000).
The perceived system includes:
Multi user
User friendly
No data redundancy
Data concurrency
Order history current/previous
Prompt, efficient and more productive
Proper controlling mechanism and demand reports availability

Objective of the newly developed system:

The purpose of developing the computerized library is to provide a


place to the students where they can find information of their interest

in the shortest possible time. Other objectives or specifications of the


project are given below:
The software should provide complete data storage and marinating
solution, from admission to issuing credentials.
This software can generate fast and accurate documents currently
involved in manual system at any time e.g. registration list, issue and
return books reports, searching a book etc.
The software is easy to use and user friendly. Even some special
training is not required.
This software facilitates the staff for viewing the whole status of the
organization
Ability for the user to register himself as member of the library
Given system saves a lot of time.
Ability of system to tell the administration about a book which is being
asked by the users and not available at a time in the library.
Ability of the system to add or remove the data from database.
The system provide speed and accuracy during data processing
Efficient data processing, maintenance of the computerized library
system.
Retrieval of data will be faster.
Efficient and quick decision making
Less personal (staff) and time required for up to date information.
The system will be GUI based
Data security data safety, flexibility of the system
It should be error free and reliable.
It eliminates the need for voluminous files
To reduce data redundancy

Main features of newly developed system:


The developed library system plays a vital role in managing all books
of the library. This system helps to store and update all information
accurately and efficiently. It automatically keeps the track of how much
quantity books is issued. It is very easy to generate different kinds of
reports and this helps to make the future decision. This developed
system is quite easy to operate and free of errors.
The objective of software development is to ensure the high quality of
software product, such as high reliability, maintainability, reusability,
and building ability. To achieve these goals in component-based
engineering, we first need to understand the characteristics of

component-based software, its strengths, and weakness. Then we need


to utilize these characteristics in component based engineering
practice. Software development process not only brings great benefits
to the software development team but increase the quality of software
products as well (GAO and Jacob, 2003).

Speed and accuracy:


The primary objective of the new developed system is to provide speed
and accuracy during data processing, report generation. This system
should provide timely correct retrieval of information in an accurate
and efficient manner.
This system should be of quick response to the queries, because the
decisions are on up-to-date information. If the speed of processing is
high, it takes less time to access information from database and save a
lot of time.

Efficiency and Feasibility:


To provide efficient data maintenance and storage of different
suppliers, the system must be flexible and capable of adapting to
changing environment conditions. This system is designed so as to
meet its desired objectives and organization goals (Pressman, 2001).

User Friendly Interface:


Interface of the system will be user friendly. The data retrieval,
insertion, editing and will be made easy and simple, so that a common
user can handle the database.

Minimum Redundancy:
In the proposed system all the master data is stored in unique tables
can this data through list of values. so, there is minimum chance of
redundancy.

Managerial acceptability:
The updating can be made in any easy way so that the management is
obtaining any type may not face any problems in dealing with it the
design system is acceptable to the organizations design and provides a
smooth flow of information from one step to next.

Facilitated Data Input:


The simple to use data entry forms will be provided to facilitate the
administration to enter data in database. The powerful data entry
controls have been provided to view, add, modify delete the fields of
record.

Security:
Security in a system provides safe guard in protecting system data
from deliberate damage, or access by authorized persons. This is done
by password option

Data Entry:
Under the proposed system the data entry is easy. User can enter data
and see on screen

Time Saving:
Everyone wants a quick response to its queries because decisions are
based on up to date due to high speed of processing; the proposed
system takes less time perform a task. Thus it can save a lot of time.

Project Brief:
This project is initiated with library. As mentioned above that project is
handling any record like book issue. Whenever it wants to see and
record, it is shown without consuming any time. If it wants to search
any specific record related to any book, it can easily query it without
wasting the time (Spicer, 2001).

Review of Literature:
Martin (1990) defined SQL as it is a language that enables you to
create and operate on relational database, which are set of related
information stored in tables.
SQL is a language oriented specially around relational database. It
eliminated a lot of work you will have to do if you are using a generalpurpose programming language. If you want to find some particular
rows, you would have to enumerate each step of the process like this.

1.
2.
3.
4.

Look the row of the table.


Perform the test to see it is one if the rows you want.
If so, store it somewhere until the whole table is examined.
See if there are more rows go to step number one
Tognazzini (1996) described that the software design resources can be
used their best if we:
Use designers as designers, programmers as programmers.
Use software design for quick reviews
Use the software designer for the long haul
He further explained that a small investment in analysis, rapid
prototyping, iterative design, and user testing at the beginning of a
project can pay major dividends at the end. Design and testing
professionals, will not cost you time and money; they will save you
time and money. Remember, if you are doing it right, quality is free. He
suggested to; make system customization meaningful to the user but
safe for the system option, once released on the world, are missed
when removed.
Make new design clean, efficient and particularly easy to learn. Supply
that tools that make doing it right easier than doing it wrong.
Hutchinson (1996) stated that the following aspects of each application
within the current system are situated:

Inputs
Outputs
File storage and structure
Users requirements
Methods and procedures
Methods and procedures
Communication needs controls
Dhr & Stein (1997) stated the dimensions of problems and solutions,
and gave some points about the well engineered software. They said
that, a good solution does not compromise the problem requirements
and does not overly stretch the limits of the organization in doing so.
Other than the obvious things like immediate costs and benefits, what
dimensions should you consider in formulating and evaluating
alternatives?

First, you need to satisfy model output quality requirements. A solution


must satisfy basic things like accuracy and response time. More
generally the quality of the outputs should be adequate to meet your
organizations needs.
Second, you need to consider long term cost drivers. Like what it will
cost to maintain, extend, or modify the system.
Third, you need to ensure that the quality of the organizations
resources is sufficient to undertake the proposed project.
They also mentioned the features of a well engineered system. These
features of the system are;

Scalability:

Scalability Involves adding more variable to the problems or increasing


the range of values that variables can take.

Compactness:

Refers to how small the system can be made. Once a system has been
developed and tested, it needs to be put into the hands of the decision
makers within an organization.
Compactness deals with the ease with which the system can be
encoded into a computer language etc.

Flexibility:

Flexibility is the ease with which the relationships among the variables
or their domains can be changed, or the goals of the system modified.

Embedding:

Embedding refers to the ease with which a system can be coupled with
or incorporated into the infrastructure of an organization.
Anonymous (1998) described the features of object relational database
management system are:
User defined data types and objectives
Fully compatible with relational database
Support of multimedia and large objects
High quality database server feature:
Oracle 8 is the first object capable database developed by oracle. It
extends the data modeling capability of oracle 7 to support a new
object relational database model. Oracle 8 provides a new engine that
brings object oriented programming, complex data type, complex
business objects, and full compatibility with the relational world. Oracle
8 extend oracle 7 in many ways. It includes several features for
improved performance and functionality of online transaction
processing applications.

Hoffer et al. (1998) stated that like many processes, the development
of information system follows a life cycle. The system developed life
cycle (SDLC) is common methodology for systems development in
many organizations, featuring several phases that mark the progress
of the systems analysis and design effort. The representation of the
SDLC is sometimes referred to as the waterfall model. We use this
SDLC as one example of a methodology but, more impotently, as a way
to arrange the topics of systems analysis and design.

SDLC:
SDLC consists of the following phases:

Project identification and selection


Project initiation and planning
Analysis
Logical design
Physical design
Implementation
Maintenance
Jalote (19980 stated that software is the collection of computer
programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation and data.
Software engineering is the systematic approach to the development,
operation, maintenance, and retirement of software. It is the
application of science and mathematics by which the capabilities of
computer equipment are made useful to man via computer programs,
procedures, and associated documentation. The basic goal of software
engineering is to produce high quality software at low cost. The basic
activities or phase to be performed for developing a software system
are:
Requirement analysis
Software design
Coding
Testing
Maintenance
He also described some models which have been proposed for
software development, these models are:
Waterfall model
Prototyping

Iterative Enhancement
The spiral model
Glib (1998) stated that
interface-related properties and quality attributes include the
following points:
1. User friendliness
2. Robustness
3. Reliability
Long term behavior related properties include
1. Maintainability
2. Modifiability
3. Extensibility
4. Reusability

Materials and Methods:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

A system is an instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting


artifacts designed to work as a coherent; he bought a new stereo
system; a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising
a unified whole; a vast system of production and distribution and
consumption keep the country going
A system has nine characteristics. These characteristics are:
Interrelated components
A boundary
A purpose
An environment
Interfaces
Inputs
Outputs
And constraints
These components are inter-related; that is, the function of one is
somehow tied to the functions of the others. A component is either an
irreducible part or an aggregate of parts, also called a subsystem a
system has a boundary, within which all of its components are
contained and which establishes the limits of a system, separating the
system from other systems. Components within the boundary can be
changed whereas things outside the boundary cannot be changed. All
of the components work together to achieve some overall purpose for
the larger systems reason for existing.
The purpose of an information system is to fulfill information
needs of its end users. One should also know what is information and

data similarly the information function should be considerably system


analyst (Whitten et al, 1991).
It provides a set of services that are used by an enterprise to
carry out a business purpose. System components typically consist of
hardware, software, data, and workers. Systems are specified by the
services they provide along with others non-behavioral requirements
such as reliability or cost of ownership. A system consists of specifying
components, their attributes and their relationships.
The problem of systems engineering is to design and implement
a system that meets the needs of system stakeholders. Analysis of
stakeholder needs results in a variety of system requirements
(Rational, 2002).
A system development project encompasses all the activities
undertaken from the time at which a potential requirement is identified
until the resulting system is fully implemented and accepted by the
end user. The process can involve many stages over a long period.
The objective of software development is to ensure the high
quality of a software product, such as high reliability, maintainability,
reusability, and build ability. To achieve these goals in componentbased engineering, we first need to understand the characteristics of
component-based software, strengths, and weaknesses. Then we need
to utilize these characteristics in component based engineering
practice. Then we need to utilize these characteristics in component
based engineering practice. Software development process not only
brings great benefits to the software development team but increase
the quality of the software products as well (GAO and Jacob, 2003).
A system development process can follow a number of standard
or company specific frameworks, methodologies, modeling tools and
languages. Software development life cycle normally comes with some
standards which can fulfill the needs of any development team.

Overview of System:
Extensive study of the existing system was carried out. The proposed
system has been designed after in depth study of the manual system.
Keeping in view the problems, suggestion and requirements are both of
high and low level management. New system, whether manual or
electric, bring about many changes. These changes may be in
procedures or documents or even in the organization setup.

Analysis:

Before constructing anything one should know everything about its


construction. All the things required for construction the method of

construction, tools necessary for construction and the way to use these
tools. Similarly to develop software system is very necessary.
It is also said that good analysis is the base of good software. Analysis
is the major portion of the software development process. A good
analyst must spend a reasonable time during analysis so that he must
not came back to correct his previous attempts. Hence it can be said
that the purpose of the system analysis is to understand the system.

Data Gathering:

The basic work of analysis is gathering data and analyzing it. Two
common data gathering techniques are interviews and questionnaires,
the data can also be gather by written material related to existing
system and to observe the existing data. After examining the whole
system keenly I muster up my abilities to analysis the system at the
limits. When I got quiet confidence about my analysis I developed the
structure of the database, then final database.

System development life cycle (SDLC):

A system takes input from its environment in order to function. Finally,


a system returns outputs to its environment as a result of its
functioning and thus achieves its purpose. The system development is
performed in a series of steps and these steps are called phases of the
system development life cycle. These phases are:
Phase 1
preliminary investigation
Phase 2
system analysis
Phase 3
system design
Phase 4
system development
Phase 5
system implementation and evaluation
A life cycle is the way you and the project team organize the
work of product development its when you chose to define
requirement, design, develop, and test, as well how concurrently. You
might have phases with gates or iterations. You could plan for a formal
design phase or chose to evolve the architecture and high-level design.
You could choose to prototype for while and then engineer the
features, or you could implement by features and see how the
architecture evolves (Rothman, 2007).

Five Phases of SDLC:

system
implementati
on and
Evaluation

Preliminary
investigatio
n

system
developmenr
t

System
analysis

System
Design

Preliminary Investigation:

The purpose of preliminary investigation phase is to identify clearly the


nature and scope of the existing problem mentioned in the system
request. Since identifying the problem is focus of the preliminary
investigation, this phase some time called problem delimitation phase
(PDP). A written request from the management or end user triggers the
start of the system development life cycle. This written request is
called request (SR). A system request has feasibility if the request can
be successfully implemented.

Feasibility Study:

A system request must meet several tests to see whether it is worthwhile to proceed further. This series of tests is called feasibility study
and is a vital part of every system project. All projects are feasible
given unlimited resources and infinite time. Unfortunately, most
projects must be developed within tight budgetary and time
constraints. This means that assessing project feasibility is required
activity for all information systems projects and is potentially a large
undertaking. It requires that a system analyst, evaluate a wide range
of factors. Typically, some of these factors will be more important for
some projects and relatively unimportant for other projects.
Three separate types of feasibility are:
Financial Feasibility
Technical Feasibility
Operational Feasibility

Financial Feasibility:
Since the system is being developed as a B.sc degree requirement
project, so on development expenditures will be charged for the whole
development and the system will be free to use for the library. The
tools being used for the development are oracle 6i on back end and
oracle 6i on front end. Software or hardware is used, so the project is
very much feasible economically and financially.

Technical Feasibility:

As our library administration knows how to use computers. So full


technical supervision will be available for the system. On the other
hand does not have any extra ordinary technical requirement. So the
project is technically feasible also.

Operation Feasibility:

The development system will be operationally feasible because it will


be efficient, accurate and reliable and will provide more facilities than
other existing systems. The development system will be user friendly
and easy to understand, so average person would be able to
understand and use this system easily, no high computer knowledge
would be required for it.

Applying for Membership of Library:

Type:
Primary and essential
Actors:
Student (initiator), Librarian, Head of Department, Computer Operator,
Description:
This use case begins when a student enters the library of
agricultural university and submits the form for library membership.
Applications documents attached with the application are checked for
completion. After verification and completing other formal
requirements of the student membership is informed about that she
got the membership or not. All record of student is entered in
computer.

Membershi
p form
Fill and
verify
Pay dues

Got library
card

Software Selection:
The criteria for the selection of the software and function ability, flexibility,
security, performance, serviceability, minimal cost (Elias, 1993).
The software design resources can be used their best if designers are used
as designer, programmers and used as programmers, software designers
are used as quick reviews software designers are used for long haul
(Tognazzi, 1996).
The software tool selected for the developed system in oracle 10g. This
software tool has been selected due to the following reasons.
Oracle develop 10g is a tool that is designed for commercial purpose
applications. It has good facilities regarding database handling.
It has the ability to handle large amounts of inputs and outputs and to
produce reports of various formats.
In the interpretation and compilation process, it is faster than any other
RDBMS.
It provides a relation database management system available today for
personal computer as well as for multi-user system.
It has a capability to handle large amount of inputs to produce reports of
various forms.
Oracle has capability formation of its database, which can be run on any of
the environment either personal computer. Window NT, UNIX based system
without any change.

Software Features:
Data ware houses, decision-support system and business intelligence
software have been around for well over a decade, helping companies
answer those complex questions.
However, no single, integrated environment to data has existed, until oracle
10g. In addition to significant enhancements to core data warehousing
capabilities, such as the introduction of bitmap join indexes, dynamic
allocation of runtime memory for queries and parallel query enchantments,
oracle brought the online analytical OLAP is simpler, faster data analysis and
the animation of massive replication (Spicer, 2001).

Results and Discussion:


Evolution proves that the computerized library management system for the
UAF, fulfills specified requirements, compiles with end user objectives and
achieves anticipated benefits. The new computerized system has many
merits over the manual system.
System provides a set of services that are used by library for information
purpose. System components typically consist of hardware, software data
and workers. Systems are specified by the services they provide along with
other non-behavior requirements such as reliability or cost of ownership. A
system design consists of specifying components, their attributes and their
relationships. The problem of systems engineering is to design and
implementation a system that meets the needs of library. Analysis of library
needs results in a variety of system requirements (Rational, 2002).
The objective of software development is to ensure the high quality of a
software product, such as high reliability, maintainability, reusability, and
build ability. To achieve these goals in component-based engineering, we first
need to understand the characteristics of component-based software, its
strength, and weakness. Then we need to utilize these characteristics in
component based engineering practice. Software development process not
only brings great benefits to the software development team but increase
the quality of the software products as well (GAO and Jacob, 2003).
Modern project management is as well-understood discipline that can
produce predictable, repeatable results. The methods of modern project
management are highly analytic, usually requiring automated tools to
support them on large projects. Like most other disciplines, it is learned
through both practice and study. Since this chapter is an introduction, it is
fitting that we explain how we will be using the term project management.
Project management encompasses many different skills, such as
understanding the interdependencies among people, technologies, budgets,
and expectations; planning the project to maximize productivity; motivating
others to execute the plan; analyzing the actual results; and reworking and
tuning the plan to deal with the realities of what really happens as the
project is executed (Howes, 2001).

Minimal Data Redundancy:


With the database approach, previously separate data files data files are
integrated into a single, logical structure. In addition, each occurrence of
data items is recorded in only one place in the database.
I m not suggesting that all redundancy can or should be eliminated.
Sometimes there are valid reasons for sorting multiple copies of the same
data.

Consistency of Data:
By eliminating data redundancy, we greatly reduce the opportunities for
inconsistency. For example, if each address is stored only once, we cannot
have disagreement on the stored values. So consistency means when we
change an address is stored in two different records, the database system
should update this data value in both records.

Accuracy of Information:
Accuracy is the ratio of correct information to the total amount of information
produce over a period. The accuracy level depends on type of information
produced. In computer-based system, level of accuracy is nearly 100%
unless there are errors in data entry. Since all the calculations are done
automatically, so the chances of errors are very rare, which result in
accuracy of the system Thus the new computerized system is more accurate
as compared to the manual system as all the inquires done previously were
by hand, which sometime lead to wrong information. In the new system code
and also saves the searching time to confirm its uniqueness in the file. Each
table of the new system has at least one unique key which eliminate the
duplication of each item. More ever the validation checks ensure that
accurate data has been entered.
The new computer assisted system also provides timely and accurate
retrieval of information in an efficient manner. Finally this newly developed
system is adaptable and practical able to the changing environment (Date,
1998).

Automation:
The system performs much of the routine work automatically, explicitly, it
picks the current date whenever needed, and it provides every information,
which has to be given to management for timely decision.

Ease of Use:
The developed system is being used button palette facility. Help is provided
at every possible point. Data entry, updating and query operation are all
provided on a single screen. During data entry, the user can toggle between
almost all the fields.

Modularity:
The system is divided into a number of modules integrated together to fulfill
users requirements. These modules are independent of each other.
Different users can work on different modules at the same time. Another
major advantage of modularity is the ease of modification and extension of
the developed system.
(Macfadden et al, 2002).

Record Storage:
The record storage in the new system is much faster and requires less
physical storage space for data.
New backup technologies are making it possible to backup data more
completely and economically, using les space, with sampler and faster
restore procedures and intriguing side benefits. These backup technologies
involve better ways of handling the data you want to backup. Best of all, they
also work well in oracle environments (Kaplan, 2007).

Efficient Data Maintenance and Flexibility:


The new computer assisted system provides efficient data maintenance and
storage. The new system is more efficient as compared to the manual
system. Data entry task is easier and fast because instead of entering data
names, respective codes are used. As a result of this action there is no
chance of entering wrong data, because there are all possible checks, which
have been built in the system and they do not allow wrong data entry (Jalote,
1998).

The new system is also flexible and capable of adapting to the randomly
changing conditions.

List of Values:
A list of values is provided whenever needed, so that the user needs not to
remember entries already made. A single keystroke pops up a list and user
can select a desired value from it.
Most data-intensive applications require user to select values from list of
choices. In many cases, the list of valid choices for one field depends on the
selection a user makes in another field. For example, in a global commerce
application, a user might first pick a country. The ability to simplify the
creation of lists of values (LOVs) to support this kind of scenario has been
one of the most common enhancement request for oracle application
development (Muench, 2007).

User Friendly:
To developed system is user friendly because anyone with basic knowledge
about the computer system can efficiently input, maintain and manipulate
the data. The system provides user friendly messages whenever the data is
inserted, deleted or modified.

Clarity of Error Messages:


All the error messages are explicit, understandable and politely stated. Also
the error messages remain on the screen long enough to be read.

Updating and Deletion:


In the manual system the updating and deletion processes are very slow
because it requires a lot of manual searching & modification in the data,
which itself is a time consuming job. As a lot of modification has to be made
in a day, on the contrary the new system will perform the updating and
deletion processes very fast and efficiently. (Mustafa et al, 2006).

Human Intervention:
As only the authorized persons who will be responsible for the processing will
be allowed to access the system, human intervention will be minimized in
the system.

Neat and Clean Setup:


The manual system lacks cleanliness because the files which are not
frequently accessible, are usually found full of dust. Updating or deletion
processes also cause a lot of disorganization and cluster. The new system will
provide a neat and clean setup.
Using the new system it is easy to generate different kind of reports that will
help to make the future decisions.

Acceptability:
The system is acceptable to the management because they can obtain any
type of report or information pertaining to the system easily. New system
also provides concise information to management helping them to forecast
the profit and the product they sell (Shelly et al, 1998).

Security:
Strong authentication allows identification of the user. This is critical issue to
ensure confidence in network security. Passwords are most common method
of request to the database. Since authentication will be integrated with the
database software, the analyst needs to be engaged in the implementation
and versed in the knowledge of how it relates to design of the entire
database system (Date, 1998).

Appropriateness of Option:
A list item is used wherever needed, so that the user needs not to remember
entries already made. A single keystroke pops up list and user can select a
desired value from it. Editors are also available s for the text fields that
require large amount of text to be entered. Appropriate option has been
given in the newly computerized system therefore everybody can choose
options according to his requirement at right time place. The conflicts
options are also removed so that the contents of one object do not interface
the other (Gill, 2000).

Summary:
Developing understanding of computer use and information systems
implementation in industries has turned the world into a global village. In
developing countries like Pakistan its the dire need of time that our library
should be well acquainted with high speed information system for the UAF. It

was decided to accomplish the project as (B.cs) computer science research in


the department of computer science UAF.
For the subject industry, a detailed study of the library, functioning, and
requirements for the development of new information system, was carried
out which suggested the features and characteristics of the new information
system. The need of coordination with international library, UAF library,
needed a fast, feasible and efficient information system which could hold
their huge records over years and for different products.
The software development tools include oracle developer. The developer is
used in front end for developing the graphical user interface, as it is an
efficient tool for developing user friendly and attractive user interface. At
back end for managing the data of the company oracle 10g is used, because
its a fast database which supports a huge amount of data with features like,
easy and selective retrieval of data, quick and selective report generation,
etc.
The present information system is efficient system is efficient, accurate, error
free, user friendly, easy to operate etc. the user of unified modeling
language (UML) technology is recommended for future projects.

References:
Anonymous, 1998 introduction to oracle: SQL and PL/SQL volume 1.2,
oracle corporation, USA pp: 77-81
Arrington, C.T. 2001, enterprise edition with UML, john wily & Sons, 605
Third Avenue, New York, USA. pp: 11-13
Belkhouches, B. and O. Lemus. 2000. International Journal of software
engineering and knowledge engineering. Vol 10, number 5. Pp122-125
Boogs, W. and m.Boggs. 1999. Mastering UML with rational roseBPB
publications, B-14, Connaught place, new dehli-110001. Pp: 45-65
Bruegge, B and H.D Allen 2004, Object-oriented software engineering-using
UML, spatterns and java, second edition, pearson prentice hall, pearson
education, inc. Upper saddle River, NJ 07458. U.S.A pp: 562-563
Date, C. J. 2001,an introduction to database, 6th edition admission Wesley,
California, U.S.A RDBMS. pp: 45-67

Dietal, H.M and P.J Dietal 2002. java how to program prentice Hall
international, inc. upper saddle River. New jersey, U.S.A pp: 61-65

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