YU ISSN 0354-6055

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IV,

4
1997.

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: 011/3370-094,3370-185, 3370-203, e-mail: iaus@EUnet.yu

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 the paper, basis ! interdisciplinary indicators, n n

lyses account ! spatial. urban, economic and demographic issues
d{fferences in development !
boundarious areas and other regional
entities in the Republic. 1n that manner the level ! development is measured through
the relationships ! bordering boroughs and overall territory ! Republic, as m
as through the relationships ! the wholeness ! territorial entities ! Vojvodina, Kosovo
and Metohia and central Serbia and their related bordering territories.
n is pointing out the conclusion that the values ! the developmental trends !
bordering boroughs qf Central republic are worrying in the sense, that almost
indicators are registering the lowest values, what indicates that n is talking about the
underdeveloped areas n the overall territory qf Republic ! Serbia. Contrary the
bordering boroughs ! the Central republic zone, the bordering boroughs in Vojvodina
are registering somewhat lower values ! ( indicators Jrom its whole, while
h
bordering boroughs ! Kosovo n Metohia almost the same developmental trends
as the territory whole.
basic message ! paper is related to the argument that n should approach the problem ! underdevelopment n the bordering
boroughs selectively, specially n relation to governmental stimulate measures, because the activities in the past, related to reduction !
underdevelopment, didn 't bring about expected ejJects; the contrary dif./erences in the 'l ! development, specially in the area
! 28 bordering boroughs ! Central Republic has n increased account and disadvantage qf the bordering boroughs.
words: indicators, the 'l oJdevelopment, urbanization, habitable density, national income GNDP n vital events.

..

~:::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::: : ::::::: : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : ::: :

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1991

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2.557.170
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62.796.962
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paper analyses bioc/iatic

/eatures 0/ settleents chosen
basis 0/ their value /01"
the architectural heritage and located n
littoral regions 0/ Danube and the
Adriatic Sea . Chosen exaples /m
subpanonian c li a tic l"egion .! Serbia
and Meditelranean littoral region 0/
Montenegro illustrate the signi/icance
paid since the period 0/ the p,.ehistoric
cu/ture to the paraetel"S 0/
building.
llit 0/ ''Lepenski " /ro the
period 9 to 7 thousand years . is aong jzrst
solar settlements discovered so /ar. ( 0/ buildings and
settleents 0/ littoral region 0/ Montenegm /d ( end
0/ ( 14th century is ( othel" hand good / /or the

, . h,
h

- h

adaptation o/dwellings to the conditions o/th e editerranean cliate.

study points to sign(jkance 0/ the successj"u/ imple e ntation 0/ bioc liaticprinciples / or the building pat1"imony.
Keywords: historical settle e nts, traditional architecture, biocliatic design
: :: : ::: :~ : :: :m : :: ::::::::::: : : : : :::: :: ::::m : ::: : :: :: : : :: : :: : :: : :: ::: : ::::: :: : : :: : :: : :: ::: ::::::: : :

911 .372.3"311 " : 55] .584.5 (497 .11 +497 .16)

" u u, . Ol-IO
.

"

Auguste Perret
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1. Barker, G.: Early N litic Land Use in Yl1gos1avia,

in: Coles,]. (ed.) : Proceedings of t Preblstoric
Society, . 4 1 , 1975, .86-88
2. McPherron . and Srejovic D.: Divostin and t
Neolitblc of Central Serbia, in ingm R. and
rstic D.(ed.): Selevac, l,os Angeles, California, 35,
1990.
.
3. , . , . :
, , , 1983.
4. , . :
, , . 11 , 1982.
, .

142-148.

6.

, .: ,

., ,

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7.

24

8.

1957, .12-14 .
(.):

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. :

Settlements and Origins of

Pop111ation in Boka Kotorska,
, , 1913.

5.

1979, 2.1, .14.

, .: , "
" ,

48/1967, .46-50

n citi<Js Serbia ( specially n smaller

and medium size ones) in several last
decades, process Jading out
their culture and spiritual identity is taking place.
time greater impacts market
nm urban renewal, specially urban
central zones, particular place is taken urban
design is simultaneously link between
the achievements public interest (as defined urban plan) and
particular interests (as difined concrete investment) and n instrument Jor
the protection oJthe individuality oJthese citi<Js. this text case study
the city ]agodina, three urban reneweal models n elaborated analysed , are indicating dif.ferent approaches and results
could bring about.

h-h
u.rds>

model, typology, renewal, ]agodina, block.

~ ~::::::::::::::::: :: : ::: ~::::::: :: ::::: :::: : ::::: :: :::: : :: :: : : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :: : :: ::::::: : : : : 711.168 (497.11)

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onternporary soctety and OOilding

practice place n { Jorgraund
quality ! OOilding, specially n
sense ! various users needs satisJaction .
Tran!iforrnation !property produced increasing er ! tenants, their position and
role. bese drrnd dwelling structures to
adaptable { users preset and .future needs,
structures changeable during their life-cycle.
Little is know t { post construction
life-cycle ! buildings, but Capacity { Change
- Index { anticipated Jor
and established Jor existing houses.
Knowledge t OOilding's allow cliets ( specify OOilding's perJorrnance in terrns
! change. aspects that shed light capacity ( change are analyzed: 1. levels !
decision rrking, 2. spatial and organizational perjorrnances ! OOilt environment {
h
sppo Junction changes and 3. building's physical characteristics that allow blgher or
'er degree ! change - OOilding structure and in componets. Building concepts influece
capacity ( change and methods Jor quality supply in proceses ! structures changes are analyzed n ( paper. " " building concepts
are precondition Jor completion ! "alive" structures, developmet is inspired various tenants needs and changes that pen n
Jamilies living n . Combined structures rrd ! OOilding components differet in level, material and structure, and combined OOilding
rnethods n give optimum possibilities and solutions. Distinct division between structural and irifill componets, static and adaptable
components, and introduction ! perjorrnance concept as methodology procedure in design, production and evaluation, are necessary.
Involvemet ! building industry with industrial production ! building componets and "cra.ft" componets Jor Jinisblng, outfit and
decoration, n Juifillmet ! metioned OOilding concepts. Preview represets strategy Jor CC-Index ( obtained or estimated.

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Bouwer , ]. , CupeLls , . , "

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,
. 2

Capacity to Change",

Delft,

1992.
Aspekte koji ukazujLl "kapacitet pomenljivosti" razvrstava
aspekte nivoa odlucivanja, konstrukciju objekta i delove za
Llgradjivanje Cuperus, . , "l1 Impotance of the Capacity to
Change" , Zbornik radova Tlle Thid Intenational Convention
Urban Planning, HOLlsing & Design, Cente [ Advanced StLldies
in Achitectue , National University of Singapoe, Singapu,
1997. ,str. 76-77.
2

44

,
.

, h -

3 ProblematikLl razdvajanja i povezivanja javnog i privatnog

postora , postizanja identiteta postora i zadovoljenja razliCitih
potreba korisnika tretiraju Kazimee, . , "Places In-between
Dwellings: The Essentiality of l Making in igl1-Density Urban
Housing", Zbonik radova The Third Intenational Convention
Urban Planning, Housing & Design, Centre [ Advanced StLldies
in ' Architectue, National University of Singapore, Singapu,
1997.,str. 231-238, Bazik, D., "Od "koriscenja" ka stanovanjLl u
okruzenju visespratnih stambenil1 zgrada" , Stanovanje iz
sadasnjosti ka buducnosti, Ahitektonika - sveska 9, Arhitektonski
f.a~l,l!~~~. Univerziteta u BeogradLl, Beograd, 1995, str. 280-306.

(
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(Kjeldsen, . , IndLlstrialized HOLlsing Derunark, Danish

BLli1ding , Copenllagen, 1988, str. 127)

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BLli1ding , Copenllage n, 1988, str. 139)

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4 romtil interesnih sfera korisnika istrazlvao SARStrichting Architecten Research - iro za arhitektonska istrazivanja
LI saradnji sa Savezom holandskih arhitekata "BNA" u Eindhovenu.
Vidi Habraken N.J. i drugi, "Variations: he systematic Design of
SLlpports" , Lt of hitt and. Planning MI,
Cambridge, 1976. istrazivanja prikazuje IvkoviC, , "Pristup
dimenzionalnoj i modLllarnoj koordinaciji u graditeljstvLl" , s
Stanovanje, Arhitektonski fakLlltet , Beograd, 1979~ str. 9-11.
5 Projektne koncepte LI L1s]ovima L1kljLlcenja korisnika razmatra
sti, . , "UkljLlcenje korisnika LI procese projektovanja i gradnje osnova razvoja stanovanja u visespratnim zgradama", Stanovanje LI
viseporodicnim spratnim zgradama LI trzisnim uslovima Stan'o vanje 1, Gradjevinski fakLlltet, Nis, Prosveta, Nis, 1996, str.
42-44.

45

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Aimed to Produce gy Rational and Efficient Buildings", 2%0
International Conference [ Teachers of Architecture, Faculty of
hitt, Florence, 16-18 1997. .

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Londo n, 1986. Koncept gradnje komponentama razmatra rstiC,
. , op.cit. , str.9-10, 12-13.
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his urk deals Ji specific 5uspending Facades

praxis knou as curtain wallsJ Ji integrated solar
modules. lot }' world well knou manu}'acturers }'
5uspending Facade 5ysterns, adjust their systems to contemporary
demands }' sound and thermal protection science and mmn
tendency}'or energy savings and environmental protection. For
last decade, Jid uses photovoltaic - PV modules that
trans}'orm solar energy into electric energy. While 50lar ll
tors, which long tradition }' s, apply t }' building skin, as addition elements, PV modules

integrate into vertical or sloped parts }' building }'acades or the rooj the sense }' shape, give
architects great }'reedom, and concerning }'act that are manu}'actured n lot }' colors,
h
integrated into difJerent systems }' curtain walls, with respect }'or difJerent environmental and other
conditions, they contribute to developing specific, solar architecture.
bis paper shall deal Ji the systems }' curtain walls n which it is possibIe to integrate PV - solar modules, possibilities and conditions }'or
their application sloped and vertical parts }' the building sMn.
rds: Cunain ll, 5uspending Facades, 50lar Photovoltaic - PV modules, 5n radiation.

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ranislav Kojic belongs to the generation

architects at end 1920, under the

Czech architects, established

and during the jour decades
our century built ost iportant building~,
Jighting equally as well against already passed
eclecticis and raising National-socialist onuenta
lis . As his associates Zlokovic, , brothers Krstic and others, Branislav Kojic approached nonornaental architecture great consciousness, n it was possible or
n the investor didn't require other design solutions. Being preoccupied at early
stage, already in 1930, ( analysis and research vernacular, Jolklore building
heritage Kojic tried ( build ( bridge between the international and national nonorna e
:h.
ntal ethods in exterior design, but not involving [ analysis space organisation and
junctioning interiqr .
nuerous papers theoretical character Kojic prooted the odern international style, while in his research activities was
alost solely preoccupied jOlklore and vernacular as well as urban heritage 19 century. n! this work and
contribution was elected as eber Serbian Acadey qf Arts and Sciences. was respected prqfessor at Faculty qf
Architecture, University oJBelgrade and n ojJounders Jnstitute Architecture and Urban planning Serbia.
words: history architecture, period between ( world wars, odern ism, Jolkloris.
influence

odern nvnt

(1899 ~ 1987)

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61

n this , through the analyses

the structure built in Belgrade between
1830-1900, some basic types
spatial organization public buildings
defined, depending their p urpose and
content, their position within the urbantissue,
size and basic characteristics spatial
jorm. Based above-mentioned
typological researches, it n concluded
jocused buildings have special
! modern
place in development Q
Serbian u because show,
despite Turkish domination Serbia at that
time , n and developing spatial organization
which characterized regions north Sava and Danube, in
Austro-Hungarian n, and also the developed un centers.
n also noticed, even numerous examples within some types buildings
-h
n presented, that the basic schemes spatial organiz ation jormed
in this period m the marki ng p oints served as basic
development mu m complex and mnumnl structures in the jirst half the century.

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IN 1\11 1\11 RIA1\I1

(1931 - 1997)
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and Projects, R.

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. Rossi, Scie l1tific Autobiografy, . 50