Q8.(a) An interference pattern is produced by monochromatic light of wavelength 630 nm from adistant source incident on two identical, parallel slits separated by a distance of 0.84 mm. It is found that m; = 3 interference maximum is missing from the pattern because it coincides with the first diffraction minimum. The angle @ is the angle between the line from slits to a point on the screen and the normal to the plane of the screen (Figure 6). Double slit Figure 6 Screen (i) Find the width of each slit. 2] (ii) Find the angular positions @ of first three diffraction minima. 2] (ii) Which other interference maxima should also be missing from the pattern? You may give your answer in the form of a general formula. (21 (iv) Ifthe wavelength of light is decreased from 630 nm to 420 nm, which interference maxima will be missing from the pattern? ty (6) Ina Young's double slit experiment a piece of glass with an index of refraction n and thickness L is placed in front of the upper slit. If the angular position @ is as shown in Fig. 6, (i) find the expression of @ for interference maxima and minima in terms ofn and L. [3] Gi) how is this interference pattern different in terms of @ in the absence of piece of glass?[2] Solution:(i) The third interference maxima (m=3) coincides with first diffraction minimum at an angle 0 Condition of first Diffraction minimum is aSind, =A @ Condition of third Interference maximum is dsin®, = 3A @ Divide (2) by (1) (ii) Condition of nth Diffraction minimum is asinO, = nA () nd _ n630 x 10-° tg eee 3 sin On == Daas agey = M225 x 10 6, = sin“! n2.25 x 10-3 = 0.13°, 0.26°, 0.39° Condition of second Diffraction minimum is asin®, = 2a wo Let m" interference maximum coincides with second diffraction minimum. Condition of m™ Interference maximum is dsin®, = ma © Divide (5) by (4) aim « 2 =m=6 Condition of third Diffraction minimum is aSin; = 3a © Let m"" interference maximum coincides with second diffraction minimum. Condition of m"* Interference maximum is Sind, = ma @ Divide (7) by (6)Thus, 3° 6%, 9", 12" nent, £3,453, dA, .-ie. 3n order interference maxima will be missing where is evident that missing orders are a function of d/a and independent (©) From (@) and (b) of wavelength of light. Thus still 3", 6", 9"... ...order interference maxima will be missing. (b) Optical path length of the waves in glass In ait the number of wavelengths in length L is: ~ In glass the number of wavelengths in length L is: 4 ass = a i igtass ate Path difference between the waves when they reach the slit is: ct L Hair Bair dain = (n= YL After the waves emerges from the slit, there is additional path difference d sin 6 between the waves when the reach the screen. () Assuming point of observation on the screen is above the point lying on the right bisector, condition of maxima is: dsin@ — (n-1)L = mai 1 sind = F[(n— DL + magir] Gi) Condition of minimum is: 1 dsin8 — (n— DL = (m+ 5)Aair 1 sind = 5 [@ -DL+ (n+ rar] (ii) The interference patter shifts up in comparison to Young's double slit experiment without glass. 8a. A uniform film of TiO2, 1036 nm thick and having a refractive index of 2.62 is spread uniformly over the surface of crown glass of refractive index 1.52. Light of wavelength 520.0 nm falls at normal incidence on to the film from air. (i) Find the wavelength of light in TiO> film and crown glass. 2)(ii) If you want to make an anti-reflective coating, find the minimum thickness of TiO: that you must add. GB) (ii) If you want to make a reflective coating, find the minimum thickness of TiO; that you must add. [2] ‘Write your answers for part (ii) and (iii) in table 1 in the answer booklet and show your workings in the space provided. Marks will be awarded for the workings. Q8b. Light of wavelength 440 nm passes through a slit system yielding an intensity pattern on the screen, whose graph as a function of angular position @ is shown in Fig. 5. (i) Explain what kind of slit system can give rise to this kind of intensity pattern t ii) Calculate the slit width and slit separation. BI ii) If you want all the intensity peaks to be sharp and equally intense, what kind of slit system should you use? i} Intensity (arbitrary units) 8 (degrees) Fig5 (a) Relationship between refractive index and wavelength of light: _ tok M0. = Tg, Jair Irion = 10 Trio, 520 Ariog = Zep = 198.47 nmair Terown lass = 7 a air 520 Acrown gtass = naa ee (b) Conditions for destructive interference in light reflected from the film: Anti-reflective coating 2t = nym nx 198.47 cat an x9924 = (99.24, 10 x 99.24,11 x 99.24)nm_ t= (99.24,.......992.4, 1091.64)nm Minimum thickness that needs to be added = 1091.64 — 1036 = 55.64 nm (©) Conditions for constructive interference in light reflected from the film: Reflective coating 1 B=(ntpa 1,198.47 22 ta (nt nm = Bxc99248 9928. 0.12 9924 24x 9928) 89924839924. o.A2x 992428x 99:24) mm t= (148.7,248.1.. ....942.8, 1042.0)nm Minimum thickness that needs to be added = 1042.0 — 1036 = 6.0 nm (b) This kind of interference pattern is seen with finite width double slit. Condition of n™ diffraction minima: casing = nA ayasin 5° = 440 5048.4 nm Condition of m'* double slit interference maxima: dsin@ = ma Where d is slit separation As shown in the graph, m = 4 interference maxima is comesponding with first diffraction minima n= 1 a_4a aod d= 4X a= 4x 5048.4 = 20193.7 nmQa. Two metallic plates A and B, each of area 5 x 10-*m?, are placed parallel to each other at a separation of 1 cm. Plate B carries a positive charge of 33.7 x 10~!2C, A monochromatic beam of light, with photons of energy 5 eV each, starts falling on plate A at ¢ = 0 so that 1076 photons fall on it per square meter per second. Assume that one photoelectron is emitted for every 108 incident photons. Also assume that all the emitted photoelectrons are collected by plate B and the work function of plate A remains constant at a value 2 eV. Find @ The — number ~—of_— photoelectrons emitied. «= up, tot = 10s. G3) (i) The magnitude of the electric field between the plates A and B at ¢ = 10s. 2) (iii) The kinetic energy of the most energetic photoelectrons emitted at t = 10 s when this reaches plate B. (31 Q9b. The wave function for a particle in a one dimensional box of length L (Fig. 6) can be written as 2 mmx sin Wale) Figure 6 ‘What is the probability of finding the particle in a box of length L in the region between x = L/4 and x = 31/4 when the particle is in its @ ground state 2] ii) first excited state 2]Sol (Number of photons falling per second on plate A is: 5 x 10-4 x 10% = 5 x 10! Number of photons falling on plate A in 10 sis: 5 x 10"? x 10 = 5 x 10%? Number of photoelectrons emitted from plate A in 10 s is: _ 5x10 ~ a08 =5x 107 (ii) Electric field is due to charge on plate A and is given by yp = A = 5X10? X16 x 10° ‘4 2ey 2X5X10-* X 8.85 X 10° 5x 10? x 16 x10"? 8 B= = 2X5x10* x 885 x 10? ~ 2xSx10 O05 ©! Electric field is due to charge on plate B and is given by a aor 33.7 x 107! ~ 5 x 10” x 1.6 x 10-9 2% 5X 10-* x B85 x 10-7 at 2x5%x10-* x 8.85 Eg —E, = 2% 10°N/C (iii) Kinetic Energy of each photoelectron at Plate A is: Energy of photon - Work function of plate A= 5-2= 3 eV Energy gained by photo electrons due to electric field eV =eEL = 16x 10-9 x2 x 10? x 1077 =20eV Kinetic Energy of photoelectron is: 20 + 3 = 23 eV Q9 The wave function of particle in a box is given as: (123.0 Probability of finding particle in the region between x = L/4 and x = 31/4 when the particle is in level nis:2 a A [ wacorae= f ae bf nab 2 nex] oT (i) Probability of finding particle in the region between x = L/4 and x = 31/4 when the particle is in ground level is: ones mays [wera = [ =tje I=L /4 i 31/4 oie (1- cos) ax “Testa L wean nx’ sin7t 2a =i T 1 xcI-D (ii) Probability of finding particle in the region between x = L/4 and x = 31/4 when the particle is in first excited level is tu nau [-, Wscorar=[ e=L/a abt 2 dx 2 2m ps ae “( aes all (1 - cos) dx “Trai Hi s=3L/4Q9. A beam of 40.0 e¥ electrons travelling in the +x —direction passes through a slit that is parallel to y ~axis and has a width a = 5.0 ym. The diffraction pattem is recorded on a screen atadistance R = 2.5 m from the slit. (i) What is the momentum of electrons? 2 (ii) What is the de Broglie wavelength A, of the electrons? 2 ii) How much time does it take the electrons to travel from the slit to the screen? 0 (iv) Write the expression for the width w of central diffraction pattem in terms of 2p, R and a. [3] (@ Use and calculate uncertainty in y component of momentum of an electron just after it has passed through the slit. 21 (i) Use the result of (v) and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle to estimate the minimum uncertainty in the y —coordinate of an electron just after it has passed through the slit. 2] Solution: (@ Energy of electrons is in the form of their kinetic energy: 2 E= 2 4p =VimE 2m p= 2x 9.11 x 10-3! x 40 x 1.6 x 10-19 = 34.14 x 10-*Skgm/s (ii) de Broglie wavelength A, of the electrons is given by: h_ 6.63 x 10° de “p 34.14x 10-5 (iii) Time of travel of electrons from slit to screen: R_mR_ mR vom op 941 x 10-4 x 2.5 34.14 x 10-5 (iv) Angular spread 29 of central diffraction maximum is given by: = 1.94 10m t t = 6.67 X10"7s asin8 =A, Ae sing x9 = a _2he er 20 From geometry: w 29-4 ORR2he w=R— a (v) Relation between y — component of speed Av, of electron, w and time ¢ is: w ay = am = pen 7g 2% 194 10° My = Bae 510-6 x 667 x 107 Av, = 0.2908 x 10%m/s Uncertainty in y “component of momentum is: Apy = mAvy = 9.11 x 10734 x 0.2908 x 10? = 2.65 x 10-8 kg m/s (vi) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle: Bye, Bee WApy >> AYmin = Srp, ly p25 DUH Gdirection a giver by @ d fm@= mM » din@= 3bx2 5 O= 53) IA m=-4 Eta Ory test paae ct dire” 2B giver ay {4 ) al Sin = 4 Bx Bal. 4 Sin® = £5 mot possibe. (b) A. Sn = mr» — @) } Inf between D&O Bal sin= (mr) a - {Inf det @2B} 22 c= bl OM OaG3 on -2m-3 (5 go yp? a2 (a ie mm = b 2 hm-2 Ce) 2 pe oe Tf e020 eres pe-2 3 vot possids If m anN= P Zap MaMa )om=3 9 m2 4, p= 6 eB MAX dir” 2° aASinO@= MA MinG = 3xad @ = Sin’ E> rot possidhe es aur \ ) {| ra + =0l dar at | id t= > Agibm | SP hihn tb jn x-P [se a 1 (P= ee 4 4 ee ee oT ac) ae - eet | ad | )-33| BAL5. A beam of electrons is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 60 V. It is then directed at a crystal consisting of a rectangular array of atoms, as shown: As the angle of incidence @ is increased from zero, it is found that the first strong interference maximum occurs at @ = 40°. (a) What is the distance d between adjacent planes of this array? B (b) Will there be other interference maxima from these planes at larger angles? If so, how many will there be? (1) ad SmQ@= mr» — = = 60 - pe = eV ex fe Hx x6 = _b NFM alm K)-6X)O "XO —3 6-6 3X6.€3K V0 > 2 =n | aa =o = 1 S5R18° AP m pon) 2 Lin dete Ip) S876 Mm 2 dl = 128A Sb) LKR SO sg BSA IT ' Sin = 15539 mot possidhe Be r= 4-34