Biology Chapter 13 Key Vocabulary:

1. Open circulatory system

2. Closed circulatory system
3. Blood vessels
4. arteries
5. veins
6. Capillaries
7. Interstitial fluid
8. Lymph
9. Double circulation
10. Pulmonary circuit
11. Systemic circuit
12. Heart
13. atria
14. ventricle

15. septum
16. Atrioventricular valves
(A-V)
17. Tricuspid valve
18. Bicuspid valve
19. Semilunar valves
20. Pulmonary artery
21. Pulmonary vein
22. Artery
23. Veins
24. Capillaries
25. Constriction
26. Dilation
27. Blood pressure

Biology Chapter 13 Key Vocabulary:

28. Sistole
29. Diastole
30. Hypertension
31. Pulmonary circulation
32. Systemic circulation
33. Heart attack
34. Atherosclerosis
35. Stroke
36. Plasma
37. Reb blood cells
38. Hemoglobin
39. White blood cells
40. Phagocytes
41. Platelets

42. blood type

43. Antigens
44. A blood type
45. B blood type
46. O blood type
47. AB blood type
48. Rhesus blood type

The Circulatory System

Chapter 13

13.1 The Heart

I. Open vs ClosedCirculatory systems
A. All cells need nutrients, to exchange
Waste
Gases
_____
(O2-CO2), and to remove ________
Diusion
1. __________
alone cannot do the job for
large and complex organisms

2. An internal transport system

(circulatory system) helps diffusion by
Body surfaces
moving materials between ______________
Internal tissue
and ________________

13.1 The Heart

B. There are 2 types of circulatory

systems:
Open
1. ________
circulatory
systems the heart pumps blood
through open-ended vessels so
the cells are directly
Bathe in the blood
___________________
Arthropods
ex. ________________
(grasshoppers) and many
Mollusks
_________________________(clams)

Tubular heart
Pores

Closed
2. ___________
circulatory
Inside
systems blood stays _______
blood vessels

a. A heart pumps blood through

Arteries to capillaries
_____________________
Veins
b. __________
return blood to
heart
Vertebrates
Earthworms
Ex. ______________
(humans), _____________,
squids,
octopuses

23.1 Circulatory systems facilitate exchange with

all body tissues

c. some fluid is forced out of the

capillaries because of the
Pressure
_________caused
by the heart
pumping. We call this fluid
Interstitial
_____________
fluid blood stays
Inside
___________
blood vessels
d. some interstitial fluid enters
Lymph vessels
______________
and is then
Lymph
called _______(
a clear body fluid)

Arteriole

Capillary beds

Artery
(O2-rich blood)

Venule
Vein
Atrium
Ventricle
Gill
capillaries

Artery
(O2-poor
blood)

Heart

Lung capillaries

Pulmonar
y
circuit
A

V
V
Left
Right
Systemic
circuit

Systemic capillaries

13.1 The Heart

C. The Human
Circulatory System
1. consists of the
Heart
___________
(muscular pump),
Blood
_________
(circulatory fluid),
and
Blood vessels
_____________.

13.1 The Heart

D. Blood flow through the heart in 2 separate loops
Double
called __________
circulation - a separate
Pulmonary circuit
system involving the lungs (______________)
Systemic circuit
and other parts of the body (______________)

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

13.1 The Heart

E. The Human Heart (aka the mammalian heart
because it is the same for all mammals)
Upper
Two
1. Has _________
thin-walled _____
chambers
Atria's
called __________
that send blood to the
Ventricles
____________
below
Ventricles
2. Has two thick-walled ____________
that
pump blood to the _________ and the rest of
the body the _______ is the more _________

1. The ________ - is a _______ that separates

the two sides of the heart so the blood from the
right side and left side __________ mix

.
4. ___________ tough membrane that covers
and protects the heart
5. ___________ (A-V) Valves
a. ____________ between right atria &
ventricle
b. _____________ (mitral) between left
atria & ventricle
6. _____________ valves - between ventricles &
arteries

Circulation of Blood through the Heart

F. Blood enters the ________ side of the heart
through 2 large ________ called the
____________________
1. ________ vena cava - drains the blood from
area of the body _________ the heart (head
and neck)
2. ________ vena cava - drains the blood from
area of the body ________the heart (legs and
pelvis)
G. The blood ________ the heart through the
_________- the largest artery in the body

Right
atrium

To lung
To lung
Left atrium
From lung

From lung
Semilunar
valve

Semilunar
valve

Atrioventricular
(AV) valve

Atrioventricular
(AV) valve

Right
ventricle

Left
ventricle

H. Pulmonary artery and Pulmonary Vein

1.___________ artery the artery that
carries deoxygenated blood from the
__________ to the ________.
a. It is the _______ artery in the
body to carry _________ blood. (Arteries
carry blood Away from the heart)
2. ________ vein the only ________ to
carry _________ blood. It carries blood
to the _______from the ______ after it
picked up __________. (Veins carry blood
to the heart)

I. Blood Flow through the Heart (Pump Your Blood song)

Right atria (from the inferior and superior vena cavas)
through
tricuspid valve
To
Right ventricle
To
Pulmonary Arteries
to
lungs (exchange CO2 to 02 blood)
to
Pulmonary vein
to
Lt. Atria
through
bicuspid valve
to
Lt. Ventricle
to Aorta and rest of body (then process begins at the top again)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE

13.2 Blood Vessels

II. Blood Vessels a network of tubes that transports
blood to all body cells
A. 3 main types:
1. ________ carry blood away from heart to
the body cells.
a. _____, Thick, elastic walls of
connective, muscle & epithelial tissue
b. _________ smallest arteries
c. ________ is largest artery

13.2 Blood Vessels

2. ____ Return blood back

to the heart from body tissues
a. _____, slightly flattened
elastic walls
b. Contain _______ allow
blood to flow in ____
direction (toward the ____
and against gravity)
c. _______ smallest
veins

23.7 The structure of blood vessels fits their

functions
3. _________ connect arterioles &
venules (_________ of oxygen and
carbon dioxide occurs here)
a. ___________walls
b. Allow exchange of materials
between blood & body cells

Blood Flow
Arteries to Arterioles to Capillaries to Venules to Veins

Epithelium
Epithelium
Smooth
muscle
Connective
tissue

Capillary

Basal lamina

Valve

Epithelium
Smooth
muscle
Connective
tissue

Artery

Vein

Arteriol
e

Venule

Capillary

Interstitial
fluid
Tissue
cell

Diffusion of
molecules

13.2 Blood vessels

B. Blood vessels regulate body processes by
1. _________ becoming narrower to reduce
blood flow
2. ___________ become wider to increase
blood
flow
** this allows the circulatory to change to blood flow
to different organs based upon _________
Ex. Conserving or giving off body heat

13.2 Blood vessels

C. ___________-the force blood exerts on vessel

walls that decreases as blood moves _______ from

the heart

1. Blood pressure is highest in ________ and

lowest in _____________
2. Blood pressure is measured as
a. _________(1st #) -caused by
______________ contraction (aka systole)
b. __________(2nd #) low pressure between
contractions (aka diastole)
Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

3. __________ Heart muscle is relaxed- 2nd

number of blood pressure
a. A-V valves are ________
b. Blood flows from the veins into the
atrias into the ventricles because _____
are opened
c. End of Diastole ventricles are ___%
filled

4. _______ Heart muscle contracts and sends

blood from the atria to the _______ 1st number of
blood pressure
a. Contraction of atria forces more blood
into ventricles -_____% filled
b. ____________ contract
c. A-V valves _______/Semilunar valves
_________
d. Blood flows into __________ arteries &
_________
Blood pressure:120
80

(systole) - higher # (heart ______)

(diastole) lower # (heart ______)

Semilunar
valves
1 Heart is closed
relaxed.

AV valves
are open.

Diastole

0.4 sec

Semilunar
valves
1 Heart is closed
relaxed.

0.1 sec
AV valves
are open.

Diastole

0.4 sec

Atria
contract.

Systole

Semilunar
valves
1 Heart is closed
relaxed.

0.1 sec
AV valves
are open.

0.4 sec

0.3 sec

Atria
contract.

Systole
3

Ventricles
contract.
Semilunar
valves
are open.

Diastole

AV valves
closed

13.2 Blood Vessels

D. __________ (high blood pressure) is a serious
cardiovascular problem
A. Hypertension means ________pressures above
either 140 systolic or 90 diastolic
B. Hypertension causes
1. the heart to work harder, weakening it over time
2. Increase in plaque formation from tiny ruptures
3. Increased risk of forming blood clots
4. It eventually can cause: heart attacks, strokes, &
kidney failure

13.3 Circulatory System

III. The main function of the Circulatory System
is to pump blood carrying _________ around
the body
A. It does this by using two separate systems
1. ________ circulation- circulation where
the blood goes from the ______to the _____
and back to the _________
2. __________ circulation circulation
where the blood goes from the ________ to
the rest of the ____ and back to the
__________

Pulmonary & Systemic Circulation

13.4 The Heartbeat tempo

IV. The hearts pacemaker sets heartbeat as the

heart rate normally adjusts to the bodys needs

A. ____________- sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
- sets the rate of heart __________
1. Sends out electrical signals from where it
is located in the _________
2. This structure in upper right atria wall
causes the muscles in the ______ to
contract at the _________ time

B. _________ Node (A-V node)

located in wall between the _______ and
_________ that sends the signal to the
___________ causing the ventricles to
contract at the ______ time (both are
recorded on an electrocardigram)

13.4 Heartbeat
C. LUB-DUB(P) -LUB ______ of
A-V valves---DUB _______ of
Semilunar valves

Pacemaker
(SA node)

AV node

Specialized
muscle fibers

Right
atrium

Apex
1 Pacemaker
generates
signals
to contract
ECG

2 Signals spread
through atria
and are delayed
at AV node

3 Signals relayed
to apex of heart

4 Signals spread
through
ventricle

13.4 Heartbeat
** Heart murmur -A defect in one or more heart
valves so the valve doesnt shut properly and the
blood leaks through, creating a sound when it
should be quiet between beats

http://depts.washington.edu/physdx/heart/demo.html

13.5 Circulatory System Diseases (optional)

V. Cardiovascular Diseases
A. Can be caused by atherosclerosis a

cardiovascular disease where plaques (cell

debris, cholesterol) develop on the inside of
an artery narrowing the area through
which blood can flow
Know the Pathway of blood when
it enters and leaves the body blood
coming from the vena cava

Connective Smooth
tissue
muscle Epithelium

Plaque

Stents

13.5 Circulatory System Diseases

B. Heart attack - (myocardial infarction)

death or damage to heart tissue
because of a blockage in the coronary
arteries that supply the heart tissue
with blood.
1. External defibrillator can restore
rhythm
2. Implanted artificial pacemakers can
trigger normal rhythms

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Superior
vena cava
Pulmonar
y
artery
Right
coronary
artery

Aorta
Left
coronary
artery

Blockage

Dead
muscle
tissue

Heart

C. Stroke - death of brain tissue from

blocked arteries in the head
D. risk of stroke increases with age, high
blood pressure, previous stroke, diabetes,
high cholesterol and smoking
E. A healthy lifestyle can prevent CVDs

13.6 Blood

VI. Blood fluid ___________ tissue

A. Functions:
1. Transports ________, carbon dioxide,
nutrients and __________
2. Regulates ____
3. Protection from ___________
4. repairs body ____________
B. Components of Blood 4 basic parts:
1. __________: ________ part of blood
a. ____% of total volume of blood
b. Clear, yellowish color
c. ________% water
d. contains inorganic substances,
proteins, nutrients, wastes, gases,
and hormones

2. Red Blood Cells (__________) ________part

a. Carry _______n from the lungs to body
cells
b. Carry _________ from body cells to
the lungs
c. Contain _________ _____ pigment
that contains ______ which binds to O2
d. Made in bone _________ (center) of
large bones, ribs, skull and vertebrae
e. Life span __________ days
f. Mature red blood cells lack a nucleus

Plasma & Eyrthrocytes

Blood transfusion game

Plasma 4.5 min

RBC 4.5 min

http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/blo
odtypinggame/index.html

3. White blood Cells (__________) _________ part

a. Protect the body from disease-causing _________ &
viruses
b. Can move ___________throughout body tissues
c. _________ than red blood cells but ___________
d. Made in bone ___________
e. Types of white blood cells:
1) ____________ that destroy microorganisms
2) ____________ that engulf bacteria and parasites
3) _____________ that fight infections caused by
bacteria and viruses

4. ___________ _________ part

a. Cell ___________ involved in blood
__________
b. Made in the bone _______________
c. They stick to tears in the blood vessels to
form a plug (clot) at site of injury
d. Life span ______days

Platelets adhere
to exposed
connective tissue

Platelet plug
forms

Epithelium

Connective
tissue
Platelet

Platelet plug

Fibrin clot
traps
blood cells

13.6- Blood Groups

B. 4 major human blood types

1.

Blood Antigen Antibodies

(On
type
RBC" s)

(In
plasma
)

AntiB

AntiA

AB*

A,B

none

O**

none

AntiA
AntiB

A, B, AB, O

2. Depends on the presence or absence

of 2 __________ (certain molecules
your body produces antibodies
against) called A & B on the surface
of the red blood cells
3. Each individual is born with antibodies
against red blood cell antigens that
his or her blood does not have.
4. If the wrong blood groups are mixed
the RBCs may clump together
clogging blood vessels
a. Universal Donor- O**
b. Universal Recipient - AB*

C. _______ blood type a common antigen that

you have (Rh positive) or you dont (Rh negative)
1. Important in blood _______________ if a
person is given the wrong type or the wrong
Rhesus factor, a potentially life threatening
condition may occur

Each blood type is put into a serum with different

antibodies. If it clumps that is the type

Plasma (55%)
Constituent

Major functions

Water

Solvent for
carrying other
substances

Ions (blood electrolytes)

Osmotic balance,
pH buffering, and
maintaining ion
concentration of
interstitial fluid

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Plasma proteins

Cellular elements (45%)

Cell type

Number
per L (mm3) of
blood

Erythrocytes
(red blood cells)
Centrifuge
d
blood
sample

56 million

Leukocytes
5,00010,000
(white blood cells)

Functions

Transport of
oxygen (and
carbon dioxide)

Defense and
immunity

Osmotic balance
and pH buffering

Fibrinogen

Clotting

Immunoglobulins
(antibodies)

Defense

Substances transported by blood

Nutrients (e.g., glucose, fatty acids, vitamins)
Waste products of metabolism
Respiratory gases (O2 and CO2)
Hormones

Lymphocyte

Basophil
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Platelets

Monocyte
250,000
400,000

Blood clotting

Need to know how blood flows and study the diagram

Know why the pulmonary artery and vein are important

Blood vessels and which direction they are going to the heart

Know small veins

Know small Arteries

Know constriction and dilation

Know what they cause increase or reduce of blood flow

Blood pressure is caused by how hard or strong the heart is pushing out blood highest in arteries
low in veins

Diastole heart relaxing

Systole is when heart contract first atria contract then ventricle

Hypertension High blood pressure

SA node is lacemaker cluster of tissue will regulate how fast heart is beating

AV node they both send a electrical signal