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The French Revolution & Napoleon

1789 - 1815

AIM: Economic and social

inequalities
in the Old Regime

helped cause the French

Revolution

The French
Revolution
Begins

The Old Regime

The Three Estates


First Estate
_____________________
Made up of the Catholic Church
1%
______
of the population that owned

________
of the land
10%

Exempt from paying taxes

The Old Regime

Second estate
______________

Made up of rich nobles


2%
______
of the population that owned
20%
______
of the land

Third Estate
______________
Bourgeoisie
Made up of the ______________
, urban

lower class & the peasants

Paid high taxes


No influence in the govt
Embraced Enlightenment ideas
Half of their income goes to the government,
the nobility, and a tithe to the church

The Forces of Change


Members of the 3rd Estate began to call

Equality, Liberty, democracy


for _________________________
based on
the success of the American Revolution

France was faced with a rapidly failing


economy due to heavy tax burden &
failing crops

The Forces of Change

Louis XVI- delusional


________________

Indecisive & paid little attention to govt issues

________________
Marie Antoinette

Wife of Louis XVI from Austria

Lavish spending hurt her popularity

The Forces of Change


France was faced with bankruptcy & Louis
XVI was forced to call a meeting of the
Estates General
__________________
(an assembly of
representatives from all 3 estates)

Revolution Dawns
CREATION OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY-first act of
Revolution
They broke away from the estates

The Third Estate

demanded more
political influence &
allow equal voting
National Assembly
A _________________
(pass laws & reforms
for the French people)
is even suggested
17, 1789
June
_______________

Third Estate voted to


create the National
Assembly thereby
eliminating the absolute
govt & creating a
representative govt

Revolution Dawns
Louis locked the doors so they couldn't join the
Tennis Court Oath estates in meeting

____________
____________

Second act of
Revoltuion

Members of

the Third
Estate
pledging to
stay until
they had
drawn up a
constitution

This gets so much attention Louis is


forced to give in

Revolution Dawns

Louis XVI gives into the Third Estate &


creates the National Assembly

They stole the weapons and


said they were freeing
prisoners as a cover

July 14, 1789(Bastille Day national holiday)


___________________
Angry French citizens overtook the

Bastille
A Paris prison
___________
(______________)
from

Revolution Brings
Reform & Terror
AIM: The revolutionary
government of France made
reforms but also used terror
and violence to retain power

The Assembly Reforms


France

August 27,1789- Declaration of the Rights of Man


________________________
________________________

all men are born & remain

free & equal in rights and


that the aim of all political
association is the
preservation of the natural
rights of man. These
rights are liberty, property,
security & resistance to
oppression

"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"


______________________

____________________
will become the slogan of

The Assembly Reforms


France

Catholic Church
The _____________
will lose its property
& political
independence

Some peasants were


against this even
though a state
sponsored Church
favored the ideas of
the Enlightenment

Civil Constitution of Clergy


________________

The Church falls________________


under the

rule of the state.

Conflicting Goals Cause


Divisions

The assembly will

create a limited
constitutional
monarchy & strip the
king of most of his
power
The
Legislative Assembly
________________
Created in Sept.
1791
Had the power to
create laws & to
approve or prevent
any war the king

Conflicting Goals Cause


Divisions
Despite the new govt,
old problems still
existed & the
Legislative Assembly
split into 3 groups:
Radical

_______________

Moderates

_______________

Conservatives
_______________

Conflicting Goals Cause


Divisions
migrs
________________
Nobles & others

who had fled


France during the
peasant uprisings
& hoped to undo
the Revolution &
restore the Old
Regime
Sans-culotts
________________
Wage-earners
who wanted a
greater voice in
govt, lower food
prices & an end to

Get rid of revolution

VIVA LA RESISTANCE

War & Extreme Measures

April 1792
National Assembly declares war on
____________________
Austria
____________________
France was losing &
Paris was threatened if
the revolutionaries
harmed the royal family
The Parisians will
imprison the royal family
Parisians will eventually
raid the prisons & kill over
1,000 prisoners
September Massacres
(____________________)
The Legislative Assembly
will depose the king & call
for the election of a new
legislature National Convention

War & Extreme Measures


Jacobins
________________
Radical

revolutionaries
who wanted to
remove the king &
establish a republic

The National

Abolished the
monarchy

Convention will
declare France a
republic, put Louis
on trial for treason
& will be beheaded
Guillotine

The Terror Grips France


Super
paranoid

Maximilian Robespierre
__________________

__________________

The leader of the

Committee of Public Saftey


________________
________________
deciding Frances
enemies

His rule as a dictator


will become known
as the
Reign
of terror
________________

Anyone who

challenged his
leadership was an

The Terror Grips France

During the Terror, it is believed that as many


40,000
as ______________
people were killed

85%
__________
being poor or middle class

The Terror Grips France


July 1794,

Robespierre was
beheaded by the
guillotine

By 1795, a new

constitution was
drafted in which
power was placed
firmly in the hands of
the upper middle
class, called for a 2
house legislature &
an executive body of
5 men called the
Directory
________________

Napoleon Forges
an Empire
AIM: Napoleon Bonaparte, a
military genius, seized power
in France and made himself
emperor

This is the second part of the


French Revolution

Power Napoleon is like Hitler


and Ceasar they wanted power
and it goes to their head

Napoleon Grasps the Power

Napoleon Bonaparte
______________
______________
____

Becomes the
head of France
s armed forces
& won a series
of important
military
victories

By 1799, the
Directory had
lost control of
the political
situation & the
confidence of
the French
people

He lead an army across the


Alps and defeated the
Austrians

Captured from Italy


Corsica
__________

Napoleon Grasps the Power

Napoleon sudden
seizure of power
became known as
coup'd etat, or
a ____________,
or Military
blow
of state
takeover

Napoleon became

the first consul &


later would
become a dictator
of France

He established a three consul


system like the Romans.

Napoleon Rules France


Plebiscite
In 1800, a _________

or vote of the people,


was held to approve a
new constitution, the
fourth in eight years

Restoring Order at
Home

Under Napoleon,
Was at the head of
this vote
His main goal is to make everyone
happy so France doesn't sink into
another Revoltuion

France would have


order & stability,
However, he would
keep many changes
of the Revolution

Napoleon Rules France

He set up an efficient tax-collection system &


established a national bank
Everyone gets taxed not only the poor

This is the fairest system for France

Napoleon Rules France

Lycees
Napoleon set up ____________
, or
government run public schools

Common & wealthy children attended these


schools
Everyone was allowed an
education

Napoleon Rules France


Napoleon signed a
concordat
_______________
(agreement) with
Pope Pius VII
_______________,
where the
government
recognized the
influence of the
Church but rejected
church control in
national affairs
Separation of Church and
State.

No one had to fear Catholic


interference in France

Napoleon brought church


back to France

Napoleon Rules France


This is dealt with social issues

Napoleonic Code
_______________
This code gave

the country a
uniform set of
laws & Brought social order back
eliminated many
injustices, it
actually limited
liberty &
promoted order
& authority over
individual rights

Napoleon Rules France


Notre dame

Napoleon will be
crowned
Emperor
_____________
by the pope

Napoleon even

put the crown on


his own head,
signaling that he
was more
powerful than the
church
An act of arrogance

Says he's more powerful then


anyone

His ego takes over

Napoleon Creates an
lost Haiti(St Domingue) because their
Empire France
soldiers caught yellow fever. He realized it was a
losing battle so he gave up

Due to the lack of


success in
Napoleon sold Louisiana in spite of Britain
St. Domingue
__________________
because they knew Britain wanted land in the new
& the sale of
world still.
Louisiana
__________________a
llowed Napoleon to
turn his attention
towards Europe

Napoleon had the


Austrian Netherlands,
parts of Italy,
Switzerland & was
forced to face the Third
Coalition
(__________________
Austria, Great Britain, Russia, and
Sweden
__________________)

Napoleon Creates an Empire


Takes place of coast of Spain Britain vs
France.

Battle of Trafalgar
________________

Destruction of the
French naval fleet
by the British

Assures the

dominance of the
British Navy for
the next 100 yrs

Forces Napoleon

to give up his
plans of invading
Britain

Napoleons first real defeat

Napoleons Empire
Collapses
AIM: Napoleons conquests
aroused nationalistic feelings
across Europe and
contributed to his downfall

3 occurrence will
happen that
leads to
Napoleons
untimely demise

Napoleons Three Costly


Mistakes
1806 Napoleon
orders a blockade to
prevent access
between Great Britain
& other European
nations
Continental System
(________________)

Not everyone followed


Holland
Napoleon (________)

Britain responded with


its own blockade
which ultimately
caused the War of

Napoleons Three Costly Mistakes

Peninsular War
______________
Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal for
failing to follow the Continental System
Spain protested as French troops went
through it
Spanish guerillas will attack French troops in
Spain
Abused by a conqueror
Other countries were beginning to feel

Napoleons Three Costly


Mistakes

____________________
Invasion of Russia

Napoleon was fearful of


Russias ambitions in
Poland

Napoleons army was


made up of various
European soldiers

Russians will use the


scorched-earth policy

Czar Alexander I set fire


to Moscow,
Napoleon

Battle of borodino will be the first


labor blow to Napoleon and

waited
& was
makes the des ion to move on to

Moscow and he will sit and wait


attacked
by the
for the surrendering of Alex 1 the

city of Moscow will burn down

Moscow and Napoleon retreatsRussians


and they will either be killed or
die based on hte elements and
France wil lose troops

Russian

winter Did not help as well

Napoleons Downfall
Napoleon will be
defeated by the
Fourth Coalition

Napoleon will be

exiled to the
Elba
island of ______

Great Britain Russia Prussia Sweden


and Austria are the fourth coalition this
culminates in the battle of Leipzig will
allow these European nation to enter
into Paris forcing Napoleon to give up
and be disposed of power. After
Napoleon is exiled France will go back
to a monarchy u will see a royal line
begin with Louis 18 and people of
Europe don't like him and they invite
Napoleon back

The unpopularity

of
Louis xviii
_____________
allowed Napoleon
to return to
France

Napoleons Downfall
_____________
Battle of Waterloo

_____________

Takes place in
Belgium French
army vs fourth
coalition

The final

defeat for
Napoleon

This time

Dies of stomach ailment most


believe cancer he is exiled
again and lives for 6 years

Napoleon will be
exiled to
St. Helena
_____________
where he will
spend the
remainder of his

Aim: After exiling Napoleon,

European leaders at the

Congress of Vienna tried to

restore order and reestablish

peace

The Congress of Vienna

1814 -1815

Metternich Restores Stability


He wanted to get away from hte
democratic idea and go back to
hte old regime and this keeps
Europe from fighting for about 50
years

Congress of Vienna
____________________

Called to bring order &


stability to Europe

Klemens Von Metternich


____________________

Foreign minister of
Austria

Wanted to prevent
future French
aggression

Restore a balance of
power

Restore Europes royal


families

Metternich Restores Stability

The Congress will make the countries around


France stronger

France will remain a major but diminished


European power

The great powers brought back many of the


rulers who had been driven from their thrones

Creates a lasting peace in Europe

Creates a lasting
peace in France

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